阅读理解七选五复习导学案-2026届高考英语人教版一轮复习

2025-07-29
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高中英语《阅读理解—阅读补齐(七选五)》高考一轮复习导学案(学生版) 一、复习目标 1. 精准把握高考英语七选五题型特点,明晰其命题规律与考查方向。 2. 熟练掌握各类解题技巧,如词汇复现、逻辑关系判断、结构分析等,并能在解题中灵活运用。 3. 显著提升对文章整体内容、结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和分析能力,有效提高答题准确率。 4. 培养良好的阅读习惯和解题思维,增强应对七选五题型的信心。 二、题型解读 1. 试题模式:给出一篇缺少5个句子或短语的文章,对应有七个选项,要求根据文章结构、内容,选出正确的句子,填入相应的空白处。 2. 考查重点:主要考查对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。 3. 选项特点 主旨概括句:概括文章整体内容,常出现在段首或段尾,起到总结或引领段落的作用。 过渡性句子:连接文章不同部分,使文章结构更连贯,通常体现段落之间的逻辑关系。 注释性句子:对前文内容进行解释、说明或补充,与上下文逻辑意义紧密相关 。 三、解题步骤 1. 通读全文:快速浏览文章,了解文章的主题、体裁和大致内容,明确文章的结构和写作思路。尤其关注文章的首尾段和每段的首尾句,这些地方往往包含关键信息。 2. 分析选项:仔细阅读七个选项,划出每个选项中的关键词,如名词、动词、形容词等,同时留意选项中的逻辑连接词,如but、however、therefore等,初步判断选项的大致内容和在文章中的可能位置。 3. 确定位置:根据设空位置,判断该空在文章中的作用。 段首设空:可能是段落主题句,概括本段内容;也可能是承上启下的过渡句,引出下文。 段中设空:通常考查上下文的逻辑关系,如转折、因果、并列、递进等,需要结合前后句进行分析。 段尾设空:可能是对本段内容的总结概括,也可能是引出下一段的过渡句。 4. 寻找线索:结合文章内容和选项,寻找解题线索。 词汇复现:包括原词复现、同义词复现、同根词复现等。如果选项中的某个词在文章的前后句中出现,那么该选项很可能是正确答案。 逻辑关系:根据选项和文章中的逻辑连接词,判断句子之间的逻辑关系,如转折、因果、并列、递进等。 代词指代:注意选项和文章中代词的指代关系,如it、they、this、that等,通过代词的指代对象来确定选项的位置。 5. 代入验证:将所选选项代入文章中,通读全文,检查文章内容是否连贯,逻辑是否合理,语法是否正确。如果发现问题,及时调整选项。 四、解题技巧 1. 词汇复现法 原词复现:选项与原文中出现相同的单词。 同义词复现:选项与原文中出现意思相近的单词。 同根词复现:选项与原文中出现同一词根的不同词性的单词。 2. 逻辑关系法 转折关系:常见的标志词有but、however、yet、while、nevertheless等。前后句子意思相反或相对。 因果关系:常见的标志词有because、since、as、for、therefore、so、thus、consequently等。前因后果或前果后因。 并列关系:常见的标志词有and、or、also、as well as、not only…but also…等。前后句子在意义和结构上相似。 递进关系:常见的标志词有furthermore、moreover、what's more、in addition、besides等。后一句比前一句在程度、范围等方面更进一步。 解释关系:后一句对前一句进行解释说明,常见的标志词有in other words、that is to say、for example、for instance等。 3. 结构分析法 总分结构:文章开头提出主题,然后分别从不同方面进行阐述。 分总结构:文章先分别阐述各个方面,最后总结归纳。 总分总结构:文章开头提出主题,中间分别阐述,结尾再次总结强调主题。 对比结构:文章通过对比两个或多个事物,突出它们的异同点。 4. 代词指代法:利用代词的指代作用,判断选项与上下文的关系。代词通常指代前文出现的人、物或事。 五、专项练习 阅读下列短文,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Passage 1 How to Make Friends Friendship is a very important human relationship and everyone needs good friends. Good friendship has many benefits. It offers companionship, improves self - worth and promotes good health. There are times in our lives such as when we have recently moved into a new town, or changed our jobs or schools. Such changes often leave us without a friend. 1.______ But for many of us the process is difficult and requires courage. Below are some helpful suggestions on how to make and keep friends. 1. Associate with others. The first step to making friends is associating with other people. You can go to public places to meet new people. Besides, you will need to make yourself known by becoming an active member of such places. 2. Start a conversation. Starting a conversation is the second most important step in making new friends. 2.______ You can always start the conversation. Being able to make small talk is a very useful skill in relating with other people. 3. 3.______ Choosing friends with common interests is important in building friendship as these interests would always bring you and your friend together. Hanging out will always be a pleasant experience. 4. Let it grow. It is a good thing to stay in touch. However, try not to press your new friend with calls, messages or visits as this would likely wear him or her out and finally you may lose your friend. 4.______ The best friendships are the ones that grow naturally. 5. Enjoy your friendship. The best way to enjoy your friendship is to allow your friends to be themselves. 5.______ Try not to change them from who they are to what you want them to be. Become the kind of friend you will want your friend to be to you. A. Be cheerful. B. Do things together. C. Do not wait to be spoken to. D. Try not to find fault with your friends. E. Making new friends comes easy for some people. F. For a friendship to develop you need to stay in touch. G. So you will need to give your friend time to react to you. Passage 2 How to Love Your Parents Even if you think that your parents are mean - spirited at times, loving your parents is a normal and fulfilling part of life. You love them for the fact that they created you, raised you, and are in part a source of who you are. Here are some ways to love your parents. 1. 1.______ A gentle “good morning” and “I love you” will warm a coldest heart. Remember that they brought you into this world. Without your parents, we might still wander at an unknown corner in an unknown world. 2. Respect them more and cherish these moments. You can use these moments to learn from them, preparing yourself for when you're off on your own. It's OK to get angry but angry actions don't help you or your parents. Act calmly, cool off, write down your feelings, or talk to a friend. 2.______ 3. Obey their requests. It will make your attitude better and earn you more respect from them. It may seem like you are going through a lot of trouble for nothing. 3.______ It will make them feel good and make you a happier person. 4. Understand your parents. You had better remember they keep a roof over your head when it's cold, raining, snowing, or too hot. Understand that parents are human beings and make mistakes. 4.______ Since you can forgive your friends, why not forgive your parents? 5. 5.______ Do things with your parents like watching TV, or go somewhere with them. Anyway, spend as much time with them as you can. Listen to their old stories and learn from them. You will find they are your teachers in this way or another. A. Forgive and forget. B. Do things together. C. Thank them every morning. D. Don't always think about yourself. E. After this, share your feelings with your parents. F. However, you should remember it makes sense to obey them. G. Parents will in turn express their love to you more often. 六、总结反思 1. 回顾自己在本次复习和练习中的表现,总结自己对七选五题型的掌握情况,哪些技巧运用得比较熟练,哪些还存在不足。 2. 分析自己在练习中做错的题目,找出错误原因,如对文章理解不准确、对解题技巧运用不熟练、粗心大意等。针对这些问题,思考如何改进,制定相应的学习计划。 3. 在今后的阅读练习中,有意识地运用所学的解题技巧,不断提高自己的解题能力和阅读水平。同时,注意积累词汇和短语,扩大知识面,为更好地理解文章打下基础。 高中英语《阅读理解—阅读补齐(七选五)》高考一轮复习导学案(教师版) 一、复习目标 1. 帮助学生精准把握高考英语七选五题型特点,明晰其命题规律与考查方向。 2. 引导学生熟练掌握各类解题技巧,如词汇复现、逻辑关系判断、结构分析等,并能在解题中灵活运用。 3. 有效提升学生对文章整体内容、结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和分析能力,大幅提高答题准确率。 4. 培养学生良好的阅读习惯和解题思维,增强学生应对七选五题型的信心。 二、题型解读 1. 试题模式:给出一篇缺少5个句子或短语的文章,对应有七个选项,要求学生根据文章结构、内容,选出正确的句子,填入相应的空白处。 2. 考查重点:主要考查学生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。 3. 选项特点 主旨概括句:概括文章整体内容,常出现在段首或段尾,起到总结或引领段落的作用。讲解时可举例说明,如在一篇关于健康生活方式的文章中,段首句“Maintaining a balanced diet is essential for a healthy lifestyle”就是主旨概括句,统领全段关于饮食方面的内容。 过渡性句子:连接文章不同部分,使文章结构更连贯,通常体现段落之间的逻辑关系。例如在论述科技发展对生活的影响的文章中,“However, along with the benefits brought by technology, there are also some potential problems”,此句通过“however”这个逻辑词,从阐述科技的好处过渡到说明其存在的问题。 注释性句子:对前文内容进行解释、说明或补充,与上下文逻辑意义紧密相关 。如“Regular exercise can improve our physical health. For example, it can strengthen our heart and muscles”,“For example”引出对“Regular exercise can improve our physical health”的具体举例说明。 三、解题步骤 1. 通读全文:引导学生快速浏览文章,了解文章的主题、体裁和大致内容,明确文章的结构和写作思路。尤其关注文章的首尾段和每段的首尾句,这些地方往往包含关键信息。比如在记叙文里,首段可能交代故事背景,尾段则揭示故事寓意;议论文首段提出论点,尾段总结升华。 2. 分析选项:要求学生仔细阅读七个选项,划出每个选项中的关键词,如名词、动词、形容词等,同时留意选项中的逻辑连接词,如but、however、therefore等,初步判断选项的大致内容和在文章中的可能位置。比如看到“but”,就知道该选项内容可能与前文有转折。 3. 确定位置:根据设空位置,判断该空在文章中的作用。 段首设空:可能是段落主题句,概括本段内容;也可能是承上启下的过渡句,引出下文。如在一篇介绍旅游景点的文章中,段首句“One of the most attractive features of this place is its unique natural scenery”就是主题句,点明该段要介绍景点的自然风光。 段中设空:通常考查上下文的逻辑关系,如转折、因果、并列、递进等,需要结合前后句进行分析。例如在句子“He is always hard - working. However, he doesn't get good grades”中,“However”体现了前后句的转折关系。 段尾设空:可能是对本段内容的总结概括,也可能是引出下一段的过渡句。如在论述环保措施的段落结尾,“In conclusion, these measures are crucial for protecting our environment”是总结句;而“Next, we will discuss the impact of these measures on our daily life”则是引出下段的过渡句。 4. 寻找线索:指导学生结合文章内容和选项,寻找解题线索。 词汇复现:包括原词复现、同义词复现、同根词复现等。如果选项中的某个词在文章的前后句中出现,那么该选项很可能是正确答案。例如选项中有“happiness”,文章中出现“joy”,这就是同义词复现。 逻辑关系:根据选项和文章中的逻辑连接词,判断句子之间的逻辑关系,如转折、因果、并列、递进等。如看到“therefore”,就知道是因果关系。 代词指代:注意选项和文章中代词的指代关系,如it、they、this、that等,通过代词的指代对象来确定选项的位置。比如选项中有“they”,就要在文章中找复数名词作其指代对象。 5. 代入验证:提醒学生将所选选项代入文章中,通读全文,检查文章内容是否连贯,逻辑是否合理,语法是否正确。如果发现问题,及时调整选项。比如代入后发现句子时态不一致,逻辑不通顺等,就需要重新思考选项。 四、解题技巧 1. 词汇复现法 原词复现:选项与原文中出现相同的单词。例如在文章“Traveling is a great way to broaden your horizons. Many people enjoy traveling to different countries”中,选项“Traveling can also enrich your life experience”就通过原词“traveling”与原文建立联系。 同义词复现:选项与原文中出现意思相近的单词。如文章中说“big”,选项中用“large”。 同根词复现:选项与原文中出现同一词根的不同词性的单词。比如文章中有“develop”,选项中出现“development”。 2. 逻辑关系法 转折关系:常见的标志词有but、however、yet、while、nevertheless等。前后句子意思相反或相对。例如“He is rich, but he is not happy”。 因果关系:常见的标志词有because、since、as、for、therefore、so、thus、consequently等。前因后果或前果后因。如“Because it rained heavily, we didn't go to the park”。 并列关系:常见的标志词有and、or、also、as well as、not only…but also…等。前后句子在意义和结构上相似。比如“She likes singing and dancing”。 递进关系:常见的标志词有furthermore、moreover、what's more、in addition、besides等。后一句比前一句在程度、范围等方面更进一步。如“She is good at English. Moreover, she can speak French fluently”。 解释关系:后一句对前一句进行解释说明,常见的标志词有in other words、that is to say、for example、for instance等。例如“He is a very creative person. For example, he always comes up with new ideas”。 3. 结构分析法 总分结构:文章开头提出主题,然后分别从不同方面进行阐述。如在介绍体育运动的文章中,开头说“Sports play an important role in our lives”,后面分别阐述不同运动项目对健康的好处。 分总结构:文章先分别阐述各个方面,最后总结归纳。比如论述不同学科的学习方法,最后总结学习方法的重要性。 总分总结构:文章开头提出主题,中间分别阐述,结尾再次总结强调主题。如写关于传统文化的文章,开头引出传统文化的重要性,中间介绍不同的传统文化形式,结尾再次强调传承传统文化的意义。 对比结构:文章通过对比两个或多个事物,突出它们的异同点。如对比城市生活和乡村生活的优缺点。 4. 代词指代法:利用代词的指代作用,判断选项与上下文的关系。代词通常指代前文出现的人、物或事。例如选项中有“it”,前文提到“the book”,那么“it”很可能就指代“the book”。 五、专项练习答案及解析 Passage 1 1. 答案:E 解析:根据空后“ But for many of us the process is difficult and requires courage”可知,此处应是说交朋友对一些人来说很容易,与后文形成对比,所以选E。 2. 答案:C 解析:根据空后“You can always start the conversation”可知,不要等着别人和你说话,你可以主动开启对话,所以选C。 3. 答案:B 解析:设空处为第三点建议的标题,属于段首主旨句。根据后文“Choosing friends with common interests... these interests would always bring you and your friend together. Hanging out will always be a pleasant experience”可知,本段强调通过共同兴趣让朋友相聚、一起活动,“Do things together”(一起做事情)能概括本段核心内容,与“bring you and your friend together”“Hanging out”形成语义呼应,故选B。 4. 答案:G 解析:空前指出“不要通过频繁的电话、信息或拜访给新朋友施压,否则可能会让对方疲惫,最终失去朋友”,空后提到“最好的友谊是自然发展的”。G选项“So you will need to give your friend time to react to you”(因此你需要给朋友时间回应你)承接前文“不要施压”的建议,解释了“自然发展”的具体做法,“so”体现因果逻辑,与上下文衔接紧密,故选G。 5. 答案:D 解析:空前强调“享受友谊的最佳方式是允许朋友做自己”,空后说“不要把他们从原本的样子变成你想要的样子”。D选项“Try not to find fault with your friends”(尽量不要挑剔你的朋友)与“允许朋友做自己”“不试图改变朋友”语义一致,进一步解释了如何尊重朋友的本性,符合段落主旨,故选D。 Passage 2 1. 答案:C 解析:设空处为第一点建议的标题,属于段首主旨句。后文提到“A gentle ‘good morning’ and ‘I love you’ will warm a coldest heart”,“good morning”与C选项“Thank them every morning”(每天早上感谢他们)中的“every morning”形成时间关联,且“感谢”与“温暖人心”的情感表达一致,能概括本段“通过日常问候表达爱意”的核心内容,故选C。 2. 答案:E 解析:空前指出“生气时要冷静、冷静下来、写下感受或和朋友倾诉”,E选项“After this, share your feelings with your parents”(之后,和父母分享你的感受)中“After this”指代前文“写下感受或和朋友倾诉”的冷静过程,承接前文“处理情绪”的步骤,补充了后续与父母沟通的行为,逻辑连贯,故选E。 3. 答案:F 解析:空前提到“服从父母的要求可能看起来是毫无意义的麻烦”,空后说明“这会让他们开心,也会让你更快乐”。F选项“However, you should remember it makes sense to obey them”(然而,你应该记住服从他们是有意义的)通过“However”转折,否定前文“毫无意义”的想法,与后文“让他们开心”形成因果支撑,解释了服从的价值,故选F。 4. 答案:A 解析:空前指出“父母也是人,会犯错”,空后提到“既然你能原谅朋友,为什么不原谅父母呢”。A选项“Forgive and forget”(原谅并忘记)直接点明本段核心——原谅父母的错误,与“make mistakes”“forgive your parents”形成语义呼应,是对后文“原谅父母”建议的概括,故选A。 5. 答案:B 解析:设空处为第五点建议的标题,属于段首主旨句。后文提到“Do things with your parents like watching TV, or go somewhere with them. Anyway, spend as much time with them as you can”,“Do things with your parents”与B选项“Do things together”(一起做事情)完全对应,“一起看电视、去某地”都是“一起做事情”的具体例子,能概括本段“通过共同活动陪伴父母”的核心内容,故选B。 1 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$

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