专题2.3 数词（重温高考 + 考点精析 + 易错点聚焦 + 考点集训）2026届高考英语一轮复习【语法核心突破·精讲精练】

专题2.3 数 词 2026届高考英语一轮复习 【语法核心突破•精讲精练】 目录 contents 1. 重温2020-2025年高考真题 2. 考点精析 3. 书面表达中数词易错点聚焦 4. 考点集训 基数词的构成及作用 序数词的构成及作用 数词的应用 I.单句语法填空 II.语法填空：基础训练(数词专练) III.语法填空：高考真题(综合训练) 1. 重温高考真题 单句语法填空 3. (2023年全国甲卷) Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures, and the well-known Aesop’s fables date to the _____ (six) century, B.C. 【解析】考查序数词。句意：寓言是许多古代文化口述传统的一部分，而著名的伊索寓言可以追溯到公元前6世纪。century“世纪”前面要用序数词形式。故填sixth。 4. (2021年全国新高考II卷) In the ________ (seven) grade, I started volunteering at the Monterey Bay Aquarium in California. 【解析】考查序数词。句意:七年级的时候，我开始在加州的蒙特利湾水族馆做志愿者。 表示“七年级” 用序数词，所以填seventh。 sixth seventh 3.（2025·江苏苏州·三模）In his        (one) words as Pope, Leo XIV paid tribute to his predecessor, Francis. “We still hear in our ears the weak but always       (courageous) voice of Pope Francis who blessed us,” he said. 【解析】考查序数词。句意：在作为教皇的首次讲话中，利奥十四世向他的前任弗朗西斯致敬。空处表示“第一”，应用序数词first，修饰空后名词words。故填first。 4.（2025·河北·模拟预测）The          (three) crew member Tang Shengjie, stayed inside Tiangong to provide support. 【解析】考查序数词。句意：第三名机组人员唐胜杰留在天宫号内部提供支持。结合句意可知，此处指“第三个”，使用序数词，故填third。 first third 5.（24-25高三下·内蒙古通辽·期中）The case has triggered an outpouring of grief on social media, with          (ten) of thousands of posts on Weibo and Douyin over the weekend. 【解析】考查数词。句意：这起案件在社交媒体上引发了大量的悲痛，周末期间，微博和抖音上有数以万计的帖子。固定表达tens of thousands of意为“数以万计的”。故填tens。 tens 2. 考 点 精 析 框架结构图 数词 基数词 序数词 基数词的构成 基数词的位置 序数词的构成 序数词的句法功能 倍数表达法 A + 谓语 + 倍数词 + as + 形容词或副词原级 + B A + 谓语 + 倍数词 + 形容词或副词比较级 + than + B A + 谓语 + 倍数词 + the size (width, length, volume等) + of + B 基数词的构成及作用 1.常用基数词表 I II III one two three four five six seven eight nine ten eleven twelve thirteen fourteen fifteen sixteen seventeen eighteen nineteen twenty thirty forty fifty sixty seventy eighty ninety hundred thousand million/billion 2.基数词构成歌诀 1至12逐个记，13至19 teen结尾。 20 至 90 整十位，ty结尾做后缀。 要是表示“几十几”，连字符十位连个位。 若要表示“几百几”，hundred之后加and。 用于复合形容词，连字符相连不加-s。 注意： (1)hundred, thousand, million, billion等词前有基数词或several，表示具体的数目时，须用单数；与of连用，表示笼统的数目时，须用复数，但其前面不能再加数词。如： six hundred people hundreds of people (2)dozen前有具体数词修饰时，用单数，of可省略；当dozen 后面接 these, those, them, us 等词时，须先接of，再接这些词，但 dozen 仍不加-s；dozens of 中的 of 不可省，此时表示不具体的数目。score 用法和 dozen 相当，但of一般不省略。 several dozen pencils three dozen of these eggs two dozen of them two score of eggs dozens of students scores of books 3.基数词的位置 常位于 another, all 之后，such, more 之前，可置于 last, next, other 之前或之后。 another three days all the twenty books one more banana two such pencils his last two days / his two last days one and a half apples / an apple and a half 4.基数词的句法功能 (1)主语 Three is to concentrate on key industries and enterprises. (2)宾语 The movie earned $ ten million in its opening weekend. (3)表语 Apple’s market value is over 8 billion in its early years. (4)同位语 They two are very different—one is outgoing, the other is shy. (5)定语 The factory produces three million bottles of water every year. 序数词的构成及作用 1.常用序数词表 I II III 注意：21以上多位数词，只将末位数变为序数词，前面的其他位数仍用基数词。如： 21st→twenty-first ; 22nd→twenty-second; 33rd→thirty-third; 100th→one hundredth first second third fourth fifth sixth seventh eighth ninth tenth eleventh twelfth thirteenth fourteenth fifteenth sixteenth seventeenth eighteenth nineteenth twentieth thirtieth fortieth fiftieth sixtieth seventieth eightieth ninetieth hundredth thousandth millionth/billionth 2. 序数词的句法功能 (1)定语 Neil Armstrong was the first man to walk on the moon. On my first visit to the Great Wall, I was amazed by its history. (2)表语 These women are the first to climb Mount Everest without oxygen. (3)主语 Our first model sold well, but the second was even more popular. (4)同位语 Tommy, the first, comes to the classroom and begins to prepare his lessons now. (5)宾语 Do you prefer the first generation iPhone or the second? 注意： ①序数词前一般要加定冠词the或形容词性物主代词。 As the first student to discover the error, she received praise. During her second visit to the museum, she focused on the modern art section she’d missed before. ②序数词前有时也可用不定冠词a，此时不强调顺序。“a+序数词”相当于 another，表示“又一个，再一个”。 She told the same joke a third time, and no one laughed any more. 数词的应用 1.用于构成分数、百分数、小数 one third 三分之一 two thirds/two-thirds 三分之二 three-fifths of the students 五分之三的学生 thirty percent of the water 30%的水 six point four five 6.45 注意：表示几分之几（或百分之几)的人或物时，须在分数(或百分数)和人或物之间加of。若在句子中充当主语，谓语动词的数应与of后面的名词的数保持一致，如： Seventy-one percent of the earth’s surface is covered by water. 2. 倍数表达法 (1)A+ 谓语 +倍数 +as + 原级 +as + B My new apartment is not as big as my old one, but it’s cheaper and closer to work. (2)A+谓语 +倍数 +as many/much+名词+as+B As a senior high school student, my goal is to read as many books as my shelf has held. Recycling doesn’t take as much energy as making these things the first time. (3)A+谓语+倍数+比较级+than+B The blue whale is ten times bigger than an elephant. (4)A + 谓语 + 倍数 + the size (width/length/height/depth等) +of +B Their new aquarium holds five times the size of a standard swimming pool. (5)A + 谓语 + 倍数 + what + 从句 After the investment, the company’s value became three times what it was last year. (6)A + 谓语 + ... by + 倍数，表示“增加或减少了多少倍” I had to increase the recipe ingredients by four times to feed everyone. 注意：表达倍数时，常用half表示“一半”，用double或 twice表示“两倍”，用times表示三或三倍以上。表达倍数的词还可以是分数或百分数。 3.日期的表达 (1)某年：in + 数字 in 2018 (2)某月：in +月份 in May (3)某年某月：in+月+年 in May, 2018 (4)某年某月某日: on+月+日/on+日+月，+年 on May 1(st)/1(st) May, 2018 4.时刻的表达 twenty-one past/after eight 或 eight twenty-one four to/of nine 或 eight fifty-six half past eight 或 eight thirty a quarter to/of ten 或 nine forty-five 5.年代的表达 the early 1920s/1920’s the early twenties the mid-eighties 6. 其他特殊表达 (1)表示“每一段时间”或“每隔……” every three days/every fourth day every other day every few days (2)表示年龄 in one’s teens in one’s twenties at the age of 17 He is forty years old now. He is a teacher of twenty-four. He is a sixteen-year-old student. (3)用于习语中 one at a time one by one ten out of ten 3.书面表达中数词易错点聚焦 1.数词的拼写错误 fourty →forty ninty →ninety nineth →ninth thirtith →thirtieth twentiety-first →twenty-first three fifth →three fifths the 3th of February →the 3rd of February One Thousand One Nights →One Thousand and One Nights (误) (误) (误) (误) (误) (误) (误) (误) (正) (正) (正) (正) (正) (正) (正) (正) 4. 考 点 集 训 I. 单句语法填空 1. He finished in _________ (fifteen) place in the marathon and did better than last year. 【解析】fifteenth 考查序数词，表示排名。马拉松名次必须用序数词(第1→first，第2→second，第15→fifteenth)。基数词 fifteen → 序数词 fifteenth（注意拼写变化：five → fifth，twelve → twelfth，fifteen → fifteenth）。 2. He developed back pain in his _______ (forty) due to long hours at work. 【解析】forties 考查年龄范围表达。“In one’s + 整十基数词复数” 表示年龄段（40多岁→forties，50多岁→fifties）。 3. We opened a second store six months after the first, and a ______ (three) one in Vancouver. 【解析】third 考查序数词，表示开店顺序。句子提到 first (第一个) 和 second (第二个)，因此第三个店应用序数词 third。基数词 three → 序数词 third (特殊变形，非 threeth)。 4. I’d like to fight him because he’s undefeated and I want to be the _____ (one) man to beat him. 【解析】first 考查序数词，表示“首个达成某成就的人”。语境强调“成为第一个击败他的人”，需用序数词 first (而非基数词 one)。固定搭配：the first person to do something (第一个做某事的人)。 5. __________ (hundred) of people were unable to gain admission to the hall. 【解析】Hundreds 考查概数表达，(hundred / thousand / million等)的复数用法。规则：具体数字 + 单数：two hundred people (200人)；不具体数字 + 复数 + of：hundreds of people (数百人)。本题中未给出具体数字，且与介词 of 连用，必须用复数形式 hundreds。 6. A policeman was killed and ______ (score) of people were injured in the fight. 【解析】scores 考查固定量词 score 的特殊用法。score 表示20，其复数规则与 hundred 类似：具体数字 + 单数：three score years (60年)；不具体数字 + 复数 + of：scores of people (数十人，约40-99人)。本题中 scores of 为固定搭配，表示“大量 (但少于一百)”。 7. Surface irrigation is the oldest type and still accounts for about three ________ (four) of all irrigation. 【解析】fourths 考查分数的表达(分子>1时分母用复数)。分数构成规则：分子(基数词) + 分母(序数词，分子>1时加 -s)。本题分子是 three (>1)，因此分母 four → fourths (四分之三 = three-fourths)。 8. It was my ________ (twelve) birthday. Mum, Tom and I went to the game together. 【解析】twelfth 考查序数词，在生日表达中的用法。生日必须用序数词 (表示第几个生日)，基数词 twelve → 序数词 twelfth。拼写注意：twelve 去 -ve 加 -th → twelfth (类似 five → fifth)。 9. American Airlines is the _______ (three) largest carrier at Denver International Airport. 【解析】third 考查序数词，表示排名。句子提到航空公司规模排名，需用序数词 third (第三大)。基数词 three → 序数词 third (特殊变形：five→fifth, twelve→twelfth)。比较级结构：the + 序数词 + 最高级 (如 the second most popular)。 10. What they learnt helped them make ______ first airplane flight in 1903. 【解析】the 考查序数词前冠词用法。序数词 (first/second等)前必须加定冠词 the，表示“第几个”。固定结构：the first / second / third + 名词 (如 the first prize)。特指意义：此处特指1903年的“首次飞行”，需用 the。 II. 语法填空原创（数词专练） Numbers in Our Life When I walked into the auditorium, I saw __________ (hundred) of students waiting for the lecture. The speaker, a Nobel laureate in his ______ (sixty), was introduced as the ______ (one) scientist to win this prize twice in three decades. The research showed that about _________ (two-fifth) of the audience were graduate students, while a dozen were high school students. Interestingly, __________ (thousand) of the participants came from rural areas, and nearly half of them were the ______ (one) in their families to attend college. During Q&A, a ______ (ten) grader asked about the future of AI. The professor smiled and said, “In twenty years, AI might surpass human intelligence in certain fields.” He then added, “But remember, you’re the ________ (two) generation to grow up with smartphones.” hundreds sixties first two-fifths thousands first tenth second 【导语】本文通过描述一场学术讲座的场景，展现了数字在我们生活中的重要意义。演讲者是一位年过六旬的诺贝尔奖得主，他是近三十年来首位两次获得该奖项的科学家。研究数据显示，听众中有五分之二是研究生，另有数十名高中生，其中来自农村地区的数千名参与者中，近半数是家族中第一个上大学的人。教授表示二十年内AI可能在特定领域超越人类智能，并指出这些学生是伴随智能手机成长的第二代人群。 1. hundreds 考查概数表达。表示不具体数量时，hundred需用复数形式并与介词of连用，即“hundreds of” (数百)。 2. sixties 考查年龄范围表达。固定结构“in one’s + 整十基数词复数”，表示年龄段(如in his sixties = 60多岁)。 3. first 考查序数词表顺序。the first scientist表示“第一位科学家”，序数词前必须加定冠词the。 4. two-fifths 考查分数表达。分子大于1时，分母序数词用复数(two-fifths = 2/5)，需加连字符。 5. thousands 考查概数表达。thousands of表示“数千”，必须用复数形式。 6. first 考查序数词表顺序。the first in their families表示“家族中第一个”，序数词前加the。 7. tenth 考查位数词(年级表达)。年级必须用序数词(tenth grader = 十年级学生)，注意拼写(ten → tenth)。 8. second 考查序数词表顺序。the second generation表示“第二代”，序数词前加the。 III.语法填空：高考真题(综合训练) (2023年全国甲卷) For thousands of years, people have told fables (寓言)         (teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom. Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures, and the well-known Aesop’s fables date to the        (six) century, BC. Yet, the form of the fable still has values today,        Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow”. Carson uses a simple, direct style common to fable. In fact, her style and tone (口吻) are seemingly directed at children. “There was once a town in the heart of America,         all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with is surroundings,” her fable begins,         (borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables. Behind the simple style, however, is a serious message        (intend) for everyone.        (difference) from traditional fables, Carson’s story ends with an accusation instead of a moral. She warns of the environmental dangers facing society, and she teaches that people must take responsibility        saving their environment. The themes of traditional fables often deal with simple truths about everyday life. However, Cason’s theme is a more weighty        (warn) about environmental destruction. Carson proves that a simple lyric form that has been passed down through the ages can still          (employ) today to draw attention to important truths. to teach sixth as where borrowing intended Different for warning be employed 【导语】本文探讨了寓言这一文学形式从古至今的演变与价值。文章首先指出寓言作为古代口述传统的重要组成部分，如著名的《伊索寓言》可追溯至公元前6世纪。随后以蕾切尔·卡森的《明日寓言》为例，分析现代寓言在保持简洁直白文体特征的同时，如何通过寓言形式传递环保警示，与传统寓言处理日常生活真理的特点形成对比，展现了这一古老文学形式在现代社会的新应用。 1. to teach 考查动词不定式。句意：几千年来，人们讲述寓言(为了)传授道理或传递智慧。此空为不定式作目的状语，表“为了传授”。需注意并列结构to teach or to pass的对称性。 2. sixth 考查序数词。句意：著名的《伊索寓言》可追溯到公元前(第六)世纪。序数词表示世纪排序，基数词six需变为sixth。特别注意公元前世纪表达需用序数词。 3. as 考查方式状语从句。句意：然而寓言形式至今仍有价值，(正如)蕾切尔·卡森在《明日寓言》中所说。连词as引导方式状语从句，表示“正如...所说”。易误填which或that。 4. where 考查定语从句。句意：从前在美国中心有个小镇，（在那里）所有生命似乎都与环境和谐共处。关系副词where引导定语从句修饰town，在从句中作地点状语。易误填which或that。 5. borrowing 考查现在分词。句意：她的寓言开篇(借用了)许多古老寓言常用的熟悉语句。现在分词作伴随状语，表示主动的伴随动作。需注意与主句主语her fable的主动关系。 6. intended 考查过去分词。句意：然而在这简单文体背后，是(针对)所有人的严肃信息。过去分词作后置定语，表被动“被针对”。易误填intending (应用过去分词表被动)。 7. Different 考查形容词。句意：(不同于)传统寓言，卡森的故事以控诉而非寓意结尾。形容词短语作状语，需用形容词原级。注意首字母大写，位于句首。 8. for 考查介词。句意：她教导人们必须承担(拯救)环境的责任。固定搭配take responsibility for (doing) sth。易误填to或of。 9. warning 考查名词。句意：但卡森的主题是更沉重的关于环境破坏的(警告)。名词作表语，需将动词warn变为warning。注意冠词a提示填名词单数。 10. be employed 考查被动语态。句意：卡森证明这种流传千古的简单抒情形式至今仍可(被用来)引起人们对重要真理的关注。情态动词can后接被动语态be employed。易漏掉be动词。 Thank you $$