专题 1.2 形容词和副词（重温高考 + 考点精析 + 易错点聚焦 + 考点集训）2026届高考英语一轮复习【语法核心突破·精讲精练】

专题1.2 形容词和副词 2026届高考英语一轮复习 【语法核心突破•精讲精练】 目录 contents 1. 重温2020-2025年高考真题 考向1 形容词之词形变换 考向2 副词之词形变换 考向3 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级 考向4 易混淆形容词、副词与特殊结构中的副词 2. 考点精析 形容词和副词的功能 形容词和副词的核心考点 3. 书面表达中名词易错点聚焦 4. 考点集训 I.单句语法填空 II.语法填空：基础训练(形容词、副词专练) III.语法填空：高考真题(综合训练) 1. 重温高考真题 考向1 形容词之词形变换 单句语法填空 1. (2025·全国高考I卷) Tu says that the balance between the black and white pieces, the beauty in the       (strategy) placement of the pieces,      (and) the energy flow following each move inspired artists to create oil paintings, sculptures,      (digitally) generated pictures and silk-screen prints for the exhibition. 【解析】考查形容词。句意：屠宁宁说，黑白棋子之间的平衡，棋子在策略布局上的美感，以及每一步棋所蕴含的能量流动，都激发了艺术家们为展览创作油画、雕塑、数字生成的图片和丝网版画。此处修饰名词placement，需用形容词strategic“战略性的，策略的”，作定语。故填strategic。 strategic 3. (2025年高考英语北京卷)Most days after school, I love walking in the forest with my dog Nick. It’s  (peace), especially around sunset. 【解析】考查形容词。句意：放学后很多日子，我喜欢带着我的狗Nick在树林里散步。这里很宁静，尤其是在日落时分。“is”后接形容词作表语，“peace”的形容词形式是“peaceful”，意为“宁静的”。故填peaceful。 peaceful 2. (2025·全国高考II卷) Yet now, I live in the countryside of Zhejiang, China with my Chinese husband and his family,  (where) bamboo and tea bushes (灌木) grow wild in the mountains, chickens are always free-range, and  (center) heating doesn’t exist. 【解析】考查形容词。句意：然而现在，我和我的中国丈夫和他的家人住在中国浙江的农村，在那里山上野生竹子和茶树丛生，鸡总是自由放养的，而且没有集中供暖。本空修饰名词heating，应用形容词central“中央的，中心的”，作定语。故填central。 central 4. (2024·全国新课标 I卷) The latest __ (engineering) techniques are applied to create this protective ___________ (function) structure that is also beautiful. 【解析】考查形容词。句意：最新的工程技术被用来创造一个同样美丽的保护功能结构。空处修饰名词structure，应用形容词作定语functional，符合题意。故填functional。 5. (2023 ·全国新课标 I卷) Xiao long bao (soup dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers, encasing hot, ______ (taste) soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favorite Chinese street food. 【解析】考查词性转化。此空用来修饰其后的名词soup，应用形容词形式。与后面的sweet, fresh相对应。故用tasty。 functional tasty 6. (2023 ·全国卷II) I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and _________ (confidence) speaking English. 【解析】考查词性转化。此空和其前的comfortable一起，做feel的表语，同样要用形容词形式。故用confident。 7. (2023 ·全国乙卷) The ___________ (remark) development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, means there is always something new to discover here. 【解析】考查词性转化。此空用来修饰其后的名词development，应用形容词形式。故填remarkable。 confident remarkable 8. (2022 ·全国卷II) They both fell _______ (sleep) while watching TV.  【解析】考查形容词。fall asleep意为“睡着了”，其中fall为系动词，asleep为形容词。故用asleep。 9. (2021 ·全国卷II) I told him how _________ (harm) plastic could be to the environment and asked him to consider using more eco-friendly options. 【解析】考查词性转化。句意:我告诉他塑料对环境的危害,并请他考虑使用更环保的产品。该处为how引导的感叹句，所填的词做表语。故填harmful。 10. (2021 ·全国卷II) I was so ________ (excite) when he wrote back to me. 【解析】考查形容词。句意:当他给我回信时，我很兴奋。所填的词做表语，所以用形容词，修饰人，所以填excited。 harmful excited asleep 11. (2020年新高考全国I卷) In the 18th and 19th centuries, ________ (wealth) people travelled and collected plants, historical objects and works of art. 【解析】考查词性转化。此处用来修饰后面的名词people，做定语，应该用形容词形式。故填wealthy。 12. (2020年新高考全国II卷)At the same time, computer games are becoming increasingly popular as major publishing houses continue to develop ____________ (education) computer programs for children in preschool. 【解析】考查词性转化。所填的词修饰名词computer programs，所以用形容词形式。故填educational。 wealthy educational 考向 2 副词之词形变换 单句语法填空 1. (2025·全国高考 I卷) Tu says that the balance between the black and white pieces, the beauty in the  (strategic) placement of the pieces,      (and) the energy flow following each move inspired artists to create oil paintings, sculptures,       (digital) generated pictures and silk-screen prints for the exhibition. 【解析】考查副词。句意：屠宁宁说，黑白棋子之间的平衡，棋子在策略布局上的美感，以及每一步棋所蕴含的能量流动，都激发了艺术家们为展览创作油画、雕塑、数字生成的图片和丝网版画。此处修饰形容词generated，需用副词digitally“数字地”，作状语。故填digitally。 digitally 2. (2023 ·全国卷I) No matter where I buy them, one steamer is _______ (rare) enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left wanting more next time. 【解析】此处考查词性转换。句意：不论我在哪里买，一个蒸笼总是不够，两个又似乎太贪心，所以每次总是让我欲求不满。修饰形容词 enough，应用副词形式，故应填rarely。 rarely 3. (2023 ·全国卷II) So, what are they learning? __________ (basic), how to describe a panda’s life. 【解析】此处考查词性转换。句意：那么，他们在学什么？基本上，如何描述熊猫的生活。此处用在句首，应该用副词做状语，注意词形变化和第一个字母大写。故用Basically。 Basically 4. (2023年高考英语北京卷)Soon after moving to Switzerland, I (threw) a house-warming party and was greatly surprised when all 30 guests showed up (exact) on time. 【解析】考查副词。句意：搬到瑞士后不久，我要举办一个乔迁派对，当所有30位客人都准时出现时，我感到非常惊讶。此处修饰介词短语on time，应用副词exactly，作状语。故填exactly。 exactly 6. (2022 ·全国卷II) When he looked down, he ____________ (accidental) slipped and fell over the edge. 【解析】此处考查副词。句意：他向下看时，不慎滑倒，跌下了边缘。此空用来修饰后面的动词slipped，经常用副词形式修饰谓语动词，此处意为“偶然、碰巧”。故用accidentally。 accidentally 5. (2022 ·全国卷I) The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate populations and homes of giant pandas, and __________ (eventual) achieve a desired level of population in the wild. 【解析】此处考查副词。句意：GPNP的主要目标是改善不同种群和大熊猫家园之间的联系，最终达到理想的野生大熊猫数量水平。分析句子可知，空处后为动词achieve，空处应用副词作状语修饰动词achieve，结合语意可知，此处意为“最终”，应用副词eventually。故填eventually。 eventually 7. (2021 ·全国卷I) It will ____________ (undoubted) help you get refreshed! 【解析】此处考查副词。句意：毫无疑问，它将帮助你恢复精神！此空用在动词前面，应该用副词形式做状语。故填undoubtedly。 8. (2020 ·全国卷I) Landing on the moon’s far side is __________ (extreme) challenging. 【解析】此处考查副词。句意：在月球背面着陆极具挑战性。此空用在形容词challenging前面，应该用副词形式做状语。故填extremely。 undoubtedly extremely 单句语法填空 1. (2025年高考英语北京卷)Maybe this morning you debated whether to get up or stay in bed slightly  (long). 【解析】考查比较级。句意：也许今天早上你还在纠结是起床还是多睡一会儿。此处表示“多睡一会儿”，应用比较级longer，表示“更久”。故填longer。 考向3 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级 longer 2. (2024·全国新课标 II卷) Yellowstone was the _______ (large) United States national park — 2.2 million acres — until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, __ (which) became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres. 【解析】考查形容词最高级。句意：黄石公园是美国最大的国家公园，占地220万英亩，直到1978年成为国家纪念碑的阿拉斯加南部的弗兰格尔-圣伊莱亚斯在1980年以1230万英亩的面积作为国家公园获得这项荣誉。本空前有the，为形容词最高级标志词，结合下文“1978年成为国家纪念碑的阿拉斯加南部的弗兰格尔-圣伊莱亚斯在1980年以1230万英亩的面积获得国家公园的荣誉”可知，用large的最高级largest作定语，故填largest。 largest 3. (2021 ·全国卷I) The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets, the _______ (hot) the spring! 【解析】考查形容词的比较级。句意：泉水令人惊奇的地方在于，气温越低，泉水越热！此处有的是the more...，the more...句型，另外注意词尾辅音字母的双写。故填hotter。 hotter 单句语法填空 1.（2025·湖南长沙·二模）Industry forecasts from Global Data suggest the robotics sector could reach $200 billion by 2030, with humanoid robots playing a           (consider) role. 【解析】考查形容词。句意：全球数据公司的行业预测显示，到2030年，机器人行业规模可能达到2000亿美元，人形机器人将发挥重要作用。提示词修饰名词role，用形容词considerable作定语，意为“重要的，相当大的”。consider还有一个形容词形式，是considerate，意为“考虑周到的”，不符合此空意思。故填considerable。 2. (2025·湖南长沙·模拟预测)Certain cafes simulate courtroom proceedings by stamping a “successful mediation” mark once customers have completed their ____________ (personal) coffee orders. 【解析】personalized 考查形容词。句意：某些咖啡馆模拟法庭程序，一旦顾客完成个性化的咖啡订单，就会盖上“成功调解”的印章。本空在句中作定语，修饰名词短语coffee orders，应用形容词personalized“个性化的”。提示词本来也是一个形容词，意思是“个人的”，直接用它不符合句意 。故填personalized。 considerable   考向4 易混淆形容词、副词与特殊结构中的副词 personalized 3. (24-25高三下·重庆·阶段练习)This happening,           (public) counted as a bridge between heritage and contemporary society, has drawn widespread interest. 【解析】publicly  考查副词。句意：这一事件被公众视为传统文化与当代社会之间的桥梁，引起了广泛的兴趣。空格处用副词publicly修饰动词counted，publicly意为“公开地，公然地”。所有以-ic结尾的形容词，都需要先加-al，再加-ly，只有public例外。故填publicly。 4. (24-25高三下·北京·阶段练习)But when adult children use the most effective tool they have-themselves-to gain a sense of security and ban their parents ___ (from) their lives, the roles are ________ (simple) switched, and the pain only deepens. 【解析】simply 考查副词。句意：但当成年子女使用他们最有效的工具——他们自己——来获得安全感，并禁止他们的父母进入他们的生活时，角色就简单地互换了，痛苦只会加深。设空处修饰动词switched，所以此处使用simple的副词形式simply作状语。英语中以-ble/ -ple结尾的形容词，变化方式是先去e，再加-y。故填simply。 publicly simply 考点精析 框架结构图 形容词 词缀 级 倍数表达式 前缀 后缀 原级 比较级 最高级 A+谓语 + 倍数 +比较级 +than +B A+谓语 +倍数 +as+原级 +as+B A+谓语 +倍数+the+名词+of+B 副词 词缀(后缀)规则 分类 级 比较级 最高级 形容词的句法功能： 1. 作定语（Attributive） 形容词修饰名词或代词，通常位于被修饰词之前 (前置定语)。 常规位置：a beautiful flower (美丽的花)， an interesting book (有趣的书) 后置定语情况(高频考点！)： 修饰复合不定代词时： something special (特殊的事情)，nothing important (不重要的事) 形容词短语作定语时： a problem difficult to solve (难以解决的问题) 【注意】多个形容词修饰名词时，需遵循顺序规则(口诀：限定词→观点→大小→形状→年龄→颜色→国籍→材料→用途)。 例：a lovely small round old brown Chinese wooden table (理论顺序，实际考试中一般不超过3个形容词)。 2. 作表语（Predicative） 形容词位于系动词(如 be, seem, become, feel, look, sound, taste 等)后，描述主语状态。 The movie is boring. (这部电影很无聊。) She felt excited. (她感到兴奋。) 【易错点】 区分以 -ing(令人…的，修饰物)和 -ed(感到…的，修饰人)结尾的形容词： The news is surprising. (消息令人惊讶。) He was surprised. (他感到惊讶。) 【真题例句】 The result of the experiment seemed disappointing, but it was actually significant. (-ing修饰物，-ed修饰人) The soup tastes salty; you may need to add some water. (感官动词taste +形容词) 3. 作宾语补足语（Object Complement） 形容词补充说明宾语的状态，常见于“动词+宾语+形容词”结构。 Keep the window open. (让窗户开着。) They found the task impossible. (他们认为任务不可能完成。) 【常见高频动词】make, leave, consider, keep, find, paint (如 paint the door red)。 【高考常见考法】动词+宾语+形容词结构。 【真题例句】 The teacher found his answer incorrect. (find +宾语+形容词) Keep your eyes open for any changes. (keep +宾语+形容词) 4. 作状语（Adverbial） 形容词单独或构成短语表示伴随、原因等，多用于书面语。 Hungry and tired, he walked home.（又饿又累，他走回家。） She stared at him, speechless.（她盯着他，说不出话来。） 高考常见考法：形容词短语表伴随或原因（多出现在完形填空）。 【真题例句】 Alone and scared, the little girl hid under the bed.（伴随状语） Unable to speak, he nodded to show agreement.（原因状语） 5.形容词作独立成分 形容词（或形容词短语）在句子中不直接修饰名词或作表语，而是独立于主句之外，表示说话者的态度、评价，或补充说明整个句子的背景、原因、伴随状态等。这类结构通常用逗号与主句隔开，位置灵活（句首、句中、句尾均可）。 【常见用法及高考真题例句】 (1) 表示说话者的态度或评价 Strange, no one was in the classroom when the fire started. (奇怪的是，火灾发生时教室里没人。) (形容词 Strange 独立使用，表达说话者的惊讶。) More importantly, the experiment proved our theory correct. (更重要的是，实验证明了我们的理论正确。) 【高考链接】 Surprisingly, the ancient method turned out to be more effective. 2. 表示伴随状态或原因 Tired but happy, the climbers reached the summit at dawn. （虽然疲惫但很开心，登山者在黎明时到达了顶峰。） （形容词短语说明主语的状态，相当于状语。） The child fell asleep, exhausted from playing. （孩子睡着了，因为玩耍而筋疲力尽。） 【高考链接】 Alone and helpless, the puppy wandered in the rain. 3. 固定短语作插入语 Needless to say, honesty is the best policy. （不用说，诚实是最好的策略。） The answer, obvious to all, was finally accepted. （这个答案对所有人来说都很明显，最终被接受了。） 【高考高频固定搭配】 Most importantly（最重要的是） Worse still（更糟的是） True enough（确实） 6. 其他特殊用法 The + 形容词：表示一类人或抽象概念（谓语动词需用复数或单数根据意义决定）。 The rich should help the poor.（富人应帮助穷人。） The unknown is terrifying.（未知是可怕的。） 形容词短语： Henry is afraid of dogs.（他怕狗。） The box is full of toys.（盒子装满了玩具。） 【真题例句】 The elderly need more care in public places.（谓语动词用复数） 副词的句法功能： 副词用作状语，说明动作性质或状态的特征，常用来修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语及整个句子等。 1. 修饰动词（Adverbial of Manner/Time/Place） 表示动作的方式、时间、地点等，通常位于动词后或句末。 The scientist observed the experiment carefully. (方式) To solve the problem, think creatively. (方式) The conference will be held tomorrow. (时间) Please wait outside until your name is called. (地点) 【高考真题例句】 The boy ran quickly to catch the bus. She looked carefully at the instructions. 【易错警示】 ❌ She speaks English good. ✅ She speaks English well. 2. 修饰形容词 / 副词（Intensifiers） 表示程度，通常位于形容词前。 ★程度副词+形容词 The math problem is extremely challenging. His explanation was surprisingly clear. ★副词修饰副词 The AI system works unbelievably efficiently. 【高考真题例句】 The movie was surprisingly good. The problem is fairly simple. 【高频程度副词】 very, quite, rather, extremely, fairly, pretty, too, so 3. 修饰其他副词（Adverb Modifying Adverb） 表示程度或方式，通常位于被修饰副词前。结构为：修饰副词 (前)+ 被修饰副词(后) ★表示程度 (常见修饰词：very, quite, rather, extremely, slightly等) He runs extremely quickly. (他跑得极快。) (“extremely”修饰“quickly”，强调速度的程度) She answered quite confidently. (她回答得相当自信。) (“quite”弱化“confidently”的语气) 【高考真题例句】 The car moved unbelievably slowly. She answered surprisingly well. ★表示方式 (常见修饰词：so, too, really, almost等) The car stopped almost abruptly. (车几乎突然地停了下来。) (“almost”修饰“abruptly”，表示接近某种方式) He spoke really softly. (他说话非常轻柔。) 4. 修饰整个句子（Sentence Adverb） 表示说话者的态度或观点，通常位于句首，并用逗号隔开。 ★评注性副词 Fortunately, no one was hurt in the accident. Obviously, regular exercise benefits health. ★逻辑衔接副词 The method is simple; however, it requires patience. 【高考真题例句】 Obviously, the plan needs improvement. Surprisingly, he passed the exam without studying. 【高频句子副词】obviously, fortunately, unfortunately, surprisingly, honestly, hopefully 【写作加分项】 首段可用Generally speaking, 结尾用Therefore/Hence提升连贯性。 5. 副词的句法位置（高考高频考点） 【一般规则】 ★方式副词（-ly） 通常位于动词后或句末。 Though she is young, she danced beautifully. He said again and again and explained the rule clearly. ★频率副词（always, often, never…） 通常位于实义动词前，be动词/助动词后。 He obeys the school rule, and always arrives on time. She is the manager of the club, and usually very busy. ★程度副词（very, quite, too…） 通常位于形容词/副词前。 Winter comes and it’s very cold outside today. He runs too fast in the race and surpasses many other athletes. 6. 高考常考副词辨析 副词 用法 例句 hard（努力地） hardly（几乎不） late（晚） lately（最近） high（高） highly（高度地） He works hard at English in high school. She is very lazy and hardly studies. Because of the traffic accident, he arrived late. Hi, where is lucy? Have you seen her lately? The weather is terrible and the plane flew high. She is admitted into a key unversity and highly respected. 修饰动词 否定含义 时间副词 = recently 具体高度 抽象程度 【真题例句】 He hardly ever eats junk food. She was highly praised for her work. 形容词和副词的核心考点 1.形容词和副词的位置 形容词是用来修饰名词的，常被放在名词前作定语，或放在系动词后面作表语。而副词则是用来修饰形容词、动词、其他副词或者句子的，一般位于形容词之前，动词之后或句子之首。 以下属几种特殊情况，须牢记： (1)形容词短语作定语，须后置。 a question impossible to answer; a puzzle tricky to complete (2)表语形容词(afraid, alike, alone, asleep, awake, alive等) 作定语，须后置，如a man alive。有些表身体健康状况的形容词 如 well, faint, ill 只作表语；sick既可作表语又可作定语。ill如果不是表示身体或精神上“不适的”、“不健康的”、“有病的”等， 而是表示类似bad (不好的)的意思时，通常只作定语。 By next week, he will have been ill for 10 days. The explorers met with ill fortune during the expedition. (3)形容词用作定语，修饰由不定代词 one, no, any, some 和 every 构成的复合词如 anything, something等时，通常后置。 Money is useful, but friendship is something more important. (4)else 常用作疑问代词和不定代词的后置定语。 (5)enough修饰名词前置或后置均可;修饰形容词、动词或副词时，必须后置。 (6)几个副词并列作状语时，其顺序较灵活，但一般是：方式→地点→时间。 Just as we were about to give up, working together outdoors under the stars inspired a brilliant solution. (7)频度副词如often, always, usually等放在be动词后，行为动词前。 (8)副词作定语，须后置。 Turning toward the voice there, Lucy saw a wounded puppy. (9)几个并列的形容词作定语，其语序通常为：限定词(包括冠词、所有格、人称代词、指示代词、数词等)+观点词(品质、状态，即表示好、坏、美、丑等的词) +形状或样式词(大小、长短或高低词)+年龄或新旧词+颜色词 +产地或来源词+材料或种类词 +用途词+名词。 a heavy black Chinese steel umbrella (10)以-ly 结尾的词性辨析。 ①下列单词以-ly结尾，但却是形容词而非副词：lively, lonely, lovely, deadly, friendly, ugly, silly, likely, brotherly, timely 等。 ②表原意(无-ly)和引申意(有-ly)的副词： deep 深 deeply 深入地 wide 宽广 widely广泛地 high 高 highly 高度地 low 位置低 lowly 地位卑微地 close 近 closely 亲近地 ③有无-ly 意义大不相同的副词： dead 完全，绝对 be dead asleep deadly 非常 be deadly tired pretty 相当 be pretty certain that... prettily 漂亮地 be prettily dressed close 近 Don’t sit close to the fireplace. closely 密切地 watch closely late 晚，迟 arrive late, come late lately 最近 I haven’t seen Mary lately. 2.形容词和副词的比较等级 (1)原级的构成和用法。 【构成】形容词、副词的原级即本身。 【用法】表示双方在程度、性质、特征等某方面相等时，用“as+原级形容词/副词+as”的结构;表示双方不相等时,用“not so/as+ 原级形容词/副词 +as”的结构；表示一方是另一方的若干倍时，用“倍数+as+原级形容词/副词+as”的结构。 I once had a dream, in which I saw rice plants as tall as sorghum. I wish I could express myself as fluently as you do in debates. When I wear my magic slippers, I can jump as high as my house. The asteroid (小行星) was estimated to be as large as 2 kilometers in diameter. (2)比较级和最高级的构成。 掌握比较级和最高级的变化规则，熟记少数不符合规则的特殊形容词和副词。 (3)比较级的用法。 ①表示一方超过另一方时，用“比较级+than”的结构表示。 The Bund looks more beautiful than ever with all the lights on. ②表示一方不及另一方时，用“less +原级+than。”的结构表示。 Digital products can be less beautiful than physical ones. ③表示一方超过另一方的程度或数量时，可在比较级前加表示程度的状语,如 even, a lot, a bit, a little, still, much, far, yet, by far 等修饰。 I’m much happier now, and I work even harder than I used to. 注意： (A)英语的比较级前如无even，still或yet等时，译成汉语时可用“较”或“……一些”或不译出，一般不可用“更”。 She is more comfortable than she was yesterday. 她今天身体舒服些了。 Please come to class earlier tomorrow. 请明天早点来班上。 (B)by far 通常用于强调最高级。用于比较级时，一般放在比较级的后面，如在前面，应在二者中间加“the”。 His work was better by far than that of any other printer in the city. Henry is by far the taller of the two cousins. ④表示一方随另一方的程度而变化时，用“the+比较级(主语+谓语), the +比较级(主语+谓语)”的结构(意为“越……就越……”)。 I believe the harder you work, the better you will be. ⑤不与其他事物相比，表示本身程度的改变时，用“比较级+and + 比较级”的结构。 The weather is getting hotter and hotter when summer comes. ⑥某些以-ior 结尾的形容词进行比较时，用 to 代替 than。这些词有inferior (劣等的，次的)，superior (较好的，优于……)，junior（资历较浅的），senior（资格较老的），prior（在……之前）等。 This model is technically superior to its competitors. Prior to the 19th century, there were almost no channels of social mobility. ⑦在比较从句中为了避免重复，我们通常用that (those)，one (ones)代替前面出现的名词。that 指物，one既可指人又可指物；that可代替单数可数名词(相当于the one)和不可数名词，而one只能代替可数名词。 The novel on the table is more interesting than that (或 the one) on the bookshelf. I think Alice Wang is the only one who can complete the task. ⑧倍数表达法。 (A) A is three (four, etc.) times the size (height, length, etc.) of B. The new planet is about ten times the size of the earth. (B) A is three (four, etc.) times as big (high, long, etc.) as B. The sitting room is three times as large as the kitchen. (C) A is three (four, etc.) times bigger (higher, longer, etc.) than B. Can you imagine a sea of sand three times bigger than India? 注意：用 times 表倍数通常用于三倍以上，一倍用 once，两倍可以用 twice 或 double。 (4)最高级的用法。 ①三者或三者以上相比，表示最高程度时，用“the+最高级”的结构表示。这种句式一般常有表示比较范围的介词短语。 I have many friends, the tallest of whom is Wei Fang. Henry is the student who works (the) hardest at present in his class. ②最高级可被序数词以及 much, by far, nearly, almost, by no means, not quite, not really 等词或短语修饰。 This exhibition hall is by far/much/nearly/almost/not really/by no means/not quite the largest. ③表示“最高程度”的形容词。如 excellent, extreme, perfect等，没有最高级，也不能用比较级。 ④形容词最高级修饰作表语或介词宾语的名词、代词时，被修饰的词往往省略。 So as to say, your daughter is the most diligent (one) among them. ⑤作状语的副词最高级前可以不加定冠词。 Of all the boys in his class, he often came (the) earliest to the class. ⑥否定词 +比较级 =最高级 He has never spent a more comfortable weekend. (5)形容词和副词前面使用冠词的情况。 ①形容词最高级前一般要加定冠词，副词最高级前可不加冠词。 ②形容词最高级前有时加不定冠词，或不加冠词，不表比较，表示“非常”。 I thought this was a most clever idea for home business. (most = very) The film we saw last night is most thrilling. (most = very) ③表示两者间“较……的一个”，比较级前加 the。 That decision was the smarter of the two moves I’ve made in my career. ④在“the+比较级...，the+比较级..”结构中，可用省略形式。 The sooner, the better. (6)由as组成的形容词或副词短语。 ①as much as 用于表示具体数量时，其后接的可能是可数名词，常用在“雨量、水量、时间量、重量、钱数，价格”等方面，表示总量和单位量的大小，意思是“……之多；多达……” Nobody suffered half as much as the two boys did, however. Under the new regulations, one in five cars may need repairs costing as much as $120. ②as many as 常用于人或物的具体数量前，侧重于具体数目，意思是“和……一样多；多达……” The storm is thought to be responsible for as many as four deaths. ③as early as 早在 Psychologists have documented children lying as early as the age of two. ④as far as远到；就……而知(论) Fields and hills stretched out as far as (远到) we could see. As far as I knew (据我所知), there was no cause for concern. ⑤may (might) as well 不妨，不如 If no one else wants it, we might as well give it to him. ⑥as... as one can 尽某人所能的…… Xie Zhenyue began to dash to the finishing line, as fast as he could. ⑦as...as possible 尽可能……的 It’s vital we are as fresh as possible for those games. 3. 几组重要的词语辨析 (1) very 和 much 的区别。 ①可分等级的形容词和副词前使用 very 不用 much。 ②表示状态的分词形容词前用 very。如 a very frightened boy, a very tired child, a very complicated problem。一般情况下，以-ing, -ed结尾的分词形容词多用much, very much, greatly等 修饰。 We were greatly shocked by the news that our football had won. I was much amused by Jack’s attitude to his devoted father. ③已转化为形容词的现在分词前用very。如:very interesting/worrying/ exciting。 The story is very interesting, and everyone likes it. ④too 前用 much, a lot 或 far，不用 very。如：You are much/ far/a lot too nice. 另外，在 too many/much, too few/little 前可用far。 Yet I believe far too little attention has been given these findings. There are far too many people for me to sincerely thank for my success. ⑤关于原级形容词要记住下列固定的修饰结构： (A)修饰“绝对”意义的形容词，一般不用very，而用quite, completely, well, entirely。如：quite wrong (mistaken, sure), completely dead, quite impossible, quite perfect等。 (B)修饰以a-开头的形容词，多有特殊的修饰词：quite alone, very much alone, wide awake, fast asleep, very much afraid。 (C)修饰一些特殊形容词的修饰语有：be well worth, much the same, freezing cold, quite different, terribly cold/frightening。 (2) so...that...与such...that...的区别。 so + 形容词/副词 + that... so+形容词 +a(n)+可数名词单数 +that... so +many/few +复数名词 +that... so +much/little(少) +不可数名词 +that... such +a(n) +形容词 +可数名词单数 + that... such+形容词 + 不可数名词 +that... such +形容词 + 复数名词 + that... 注意：下列结构中只能用 so 不可用such：当名词前有 many, much, little, few等表示“多、少”的词修饰时，如so much progress, so many people, so little food, so few apples等。但当little表示“小”时用 such，如：These are such little boys that they can’t dress themselves. 下列短语中so 的用法是错误的：so a difficult problem, so difficult problems, so hot weather。 (3)其他几组词的辨析。 ①ago, before：ago表示以现在为起点的“以前”；before指以过去或将来的某时刻为起点的“以前”。泛指“以前”用before 而不用 ago。 ②already, yet, still：already表示某事已经发生；yet表示期待某事发生；still表示某事还在进行，主要用于肯定句。 ③too, also, either：too 和 also 用于肯定句，too多用于口语，also 多用于书面语；either用于否定句。 ④good, well：与good 不同的是，well作形容词用，只能在系动词后作表语，表示“身体状况好的”；well还可作副词修饰动词。 ⑤quick, fast：作形容词皆表示“快的”。fast多指运动的物体，含持续的意思；quick多指一次动作的敏捷、突然，而且持续的时间较短。 ⑥real, true：作形容词皆表示“真的”。real强调真实存在的而不是幻想的，在句中常作定语；true指与事实标准和实际情况相符合，在句中作表语或定语。 ⑦hard, difficult：均表示“困难”，但 hard 通常指体力上困难；difficult则指智力或技能上的困难，困难程度大于hard。它们都可作定语和表语。 4. 词形转换 (1)名词或动词转化为形容词的规律 类别 例 词 词尾加-y cloud→cloudy, luck→lucky, health→healthy, sleep→sleepy 词尾加-(e)d gift→gifted, talent→talented, advance→advanced 词尾加-ful/less meaning→meaningful, care→careful/careless, help→helpful/helpless, harm→harmful/harmless, home→homeless, color→colorful, use→useless/ useful, thank→thankful, peace→peaceful 词尾加-able comfort→comfortable, knowledge→knowledgeable, accept→acceptable, respect→respectable 词尾加-ous danger→dangerous, courage→courageous, humor→humorous, poison→poisonous 词尾加-ce/t confidence→confident, difference→different 词尾加-al music→musical, person→personal, nation→national, education→educational, tradition→traditional 词尾加-ly friend→friendly, week→weekly, love→lovely 词尾加-en wood→wooden, wool→woolen 其他常见变化 energy→energetic, fool→foolish, pleasure→pleasant/pleased, science→scientific 动词词尾加-tive attract→attractive, talk→talkative, prevent→preventive (2)形容词转化为副词的规律 类别 例词 形容词 +后缀-ly clear→clearly, great→greatly, loud→loudly, sudden→suddenly, sincere→sincerely 以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词，把y变成i 再加-ly happy→happily, angry→angrily, lucky→luckily, heavy→heavily, noisy→noisily 词尾为le 的形容词，去掉e，再加-y terrible→terribly, possible→possibly, gentle→ gently, probable→probably, comfortable→comfortably, responsible → responsibly, suitable →suitably 词尾为ue的 形容词，去掉 e再加-ly true→truly 词尾为ll的形容词，直接加-y full→→fully, dull→dully 词尾为 ic的形容词，加ally basic→basically, scientific→scientifically, specific→specifically, automatic→automatically 3. 书面表达中形容词和副词易错点聚焦 1.搭配错误 (误) “I failed the exam,” she said, her face falling into a sadly expression. (正) “I failed the exam,” she said, her face falling into a sad expression. (误) The whole class felt very sadly after hearing the tragic news. (正) The whole class felt very sad after hearing the tragic news. (误) The famous scientist was warm welcomed by the audience as soon as he appeared. (正) The famous scientist was warmly welcomed by the audience as soon as he appeared. 2.汉语干扰，词性混乱 (1)形容词误作动词 (误) The company eager to gain a foothold in Europe. (正) The company is eager to gain a foothold in Europe. (2)形容词与名词混淆 (误) The school rule teaches us the important of obedience. (正) The school rule teaches us the importance of obedience. (3)形容词与副词混淆 (误) Unfortunate, they ran into a snowstorm along the way. (正) Unfortunately, they ran into a snowstorm along the way. 3.比较级的错误表达 (误) The living expense now is becoming more and more high. (误) The living expense now is becoming more and more higher. (正) The living expense now is becoming higher and higher. 4.考点集训 I.单句语法填空(原创) This intelligent robot can perform tasks far ______ (efficient) than human workers in repetitive jobs. 【解析】more efficiently 考查多音节副词比较级。(efficiently→more efficiently), 关键提示词than确定比较级，修饰动词perform需用副词形式。 2. Among the three proposed solutions, the first one is ______ (practical), while the last is ______ (expensive). 【解析】the most practical; the most expensive 考查最高级在具体数量范围(among...)中的使用，多音节形容词最高级结构the most+原级。特别提示：expensive虽是三音节，仍属规则变化。 3. The new algorithm is ______ (reliable) than the old version, though not ______ (versatile) as we expected. 【解析】more reliable; as versatile 第一空：than提示比较级，reliable属多音节形容词；第二空：not as...as同级比较否定结构，需保持原级。 4. Surprisingly, the ______ (little) preparation you make before the experiment, the ______ (bad) results you’ll get. 【解析】less; worse 考查“The+比较级..., the+比较级...”固定结构。little→less（不规则比较级）；bad→worse（必须熟记不规则变化），典型错误：误认preparation为不可数名词填least（结构优先于单词语法）。 5. Never have I read a ______ (thought-provoking) novel than this one by the Nobel Prize winner. 【解析】more thought-provoking 倒装句中的比较级 (还原为I have never read...than...)。复合形容词thought-provoking属多音节，需加more构成比较级。 6. It’s universally acknowledged that the ______ (early) children start learning a second language, the ______ (good). 【解析】earlier; better 双比较级结构，early单音节词直接加-er；good→better不规则变化。语义考点：隐含“越早越好”的递进关系。高考陷阱：good可能被误改为well (此处需形容词作表语)。 7. Though the mountain path looks ______ (steep) than this map shows, the view at the top is ______ (breathtaking) sight imaginable. 【解析】steeper; the most breathtaking 第一空：than提示比较级，steep单音节词直接加-er。第二空：imaginable暗示最高级范围，breathtaking多音节用most。 8. Our new manager works ______ (hard) anyone else in the company, yet he always speaks ______ (gentle) to his team members. 【解析】harder than; gently 第一空：隐含比较需补全than，hard单音节副词比较级加-er；第二空：副词修饰动词speak，用gentle的副词形式gently。典型错误：hard本身可作副词，无需变hardly (语义完全改变)。 9. This local restaurant serves ______ (good) seafood in town, but its service is ______ (bad) than its competitors’. 【解析】the best; worse 第一空：in town提示最高级，good→best属于不规则变化；第二空：than提示比较级，bad→worse也属于不规则变化。重点警示：badly比较级也是worse (但此处需形容词作表语)。 10. The ______ (much) scientists study this phenomenon, the ______ (little) they seem to understand it. 【解析】more; less 双比较级结构，much→more；little→less (修饰不可数名词understanding)。语义难点：体现“研究越多，理解越少”的悖论关系。终极陷阱：little可能误认为small的比较级(smaller)。 Ⅱ.语法填空(形容词和副词基础训练)(原创) Global Challenges in Recent Times The world today is facing  (increase) complex challenges. Political tensions have risen sharply in several regions, making international relations   (difficult) to manage than before.  (economic), many countries are recovering slowly from the pandemic, with some performing worse than others due to supply chain disruptions and inflation.   (environment) issues remain extremely pressing. Climate change is progressing more rapidly than expected, causing more frequent natural disasters such as wildfires and floods. Scientists warn that if we don’t act   (immediate), the consequences could be more terrible than we imagine, including food shortages and mass migration. Meanwhile,   (technology) competition between nations is intensifying, with artificial intelligence and semiconductor industries becoming increasingly (strategy). Some experts argue that global cooperation is  (essence) to address these challenges, while others believe countries should focus on self-reliance. The United Nations has urged nations to work   (close) together, emphasizing that no single country can solve these problems alone. However, geopolitical rivalries continue to hinder _________ (effect) collaboration. increasingly more difficult Economically Environmental immediately technological strategic essential more closely effective 【导语】当今世界正面临着日益增加 (increasingly)的复杂挑战。多个地区的政治紧张局势急剧升级，使得国际关系变得更加难以(more difficult)管控。经济上(Economically)，许多国家正从疫情中缓慢复苏，但由于供应链中断和通货膨胀，一些国家的表现比其他国家更差。 1. increasingly 考查副词修饰形容词。空格后为形容词complex，需用increase的副词形式increasingly (日益)作程度状语。 2. more difficult 考查多音节形容词比较级。than提示用比较级，difficult为多音节词，需用“more+原级”。 3. Economically 考查副词作句子状语。逗号隔开，用作独立状语，需用economic的副词形式修饰整个句子。提示：-ic结尾形容词变副词通常加-ally。 4. Environmental 考查名词变形容词作定语。空格修饰名词issues，需用environment的形容词形式。 5. immediately 考查副词修饰动词。修饰动词act需用immediate的副词形式。特殊变化：形容词→副词去e加-ly (true→truly)。 6. technological 考查名词变形容词作定语。修饰competition需用technology的形容词形式。构词法：-ology→-ological。 7. strategic 考查名词变形容词作表语。become后接形容词作表语，用strategy的形容词形式。 8. essential 考查名词变形容词作表语。is后需形容词作表语，用essence的形容词形式。固定搭配：be essential to（对...必不可少）。 9. more closely 考查副词比较级。than隐含要用比较级，close的副词形式为closely，多音节用more构成比较级。 10. effective 考查形容词作定语。修饰名词collaboration需用effect的形容词形式。辨析：effective (有效的)vs. efficient (高效的)。 III.语法填空(形容词和副词综合训练) (2022年6月浙江) To understand a painting, we’re taught to look for color, composition, and light. But how can a painting _____________ (appreciate) by someone who’s blind? Through touch, the one thing gallery signs tell you not ______ (do). John Olson, a former _____________ (photograph), and his team turn paintings into fully textured 3D models. The tactile (可触知的) paintings work as a way to reveal art to _____ blind because we don’t see with just our eyes: We see with our brains. Research in the field of neuroplasticity — the brain’s adaptability—shows that the visual cortex (大脑皮层) is stimulated by touch. Blind people perceive shapes with their ________ (exist) senses, in a way similar to that of ________ (sight) people, says Ella Striem-Amit, a Harvard scientist. Luc Gandarias, who’s now thirteen, went blind suddenly ____ age seven. When he felt a 3D version of Leonardo da Vinci’s “Mona Lisa,” he _________ (notice) her smile right away. “I could actually feel what you see when you look at it,” he said. For Luc, this means _____________ (independent). “The feeling of being able to see it _____ to form my opinion is like breaking down another wall as a blind person.” be appreciated to do photographer the existing sighted at noticed independence and 【导语】本文介绍了如何通过触觉让盲人“欣赏”绘画。通常，人们通过色彩、构图和光线来理解画作，但对于盲人来说，触觉成为关键。前摄影师 John Olson 及其团队将平面画作转化为可触摸的 3D 模型，使盲人能够通过触摸感知艺术。这项创新不仅拓展了艺术的包容性，也展现了人类感官和大脑的惊人适应能力。 1. be appreciated 考查被动语态。句子主语是a painting，与动词appreciate之间是被动关系，因此用被动语态 can be appreciated (能被欣赏)。 2. to do 考查不定式作宾语补足语。tell you not to do ... 是固定搭配，表示“告诉某人不要做某事”，不定式 “to do” 作宾语补足语。 3. photographer 考查名词。根据句意，John Olson 的职业是“摄影师”，因此用名词 photographer。 4. the 考查定冠词。the blind是固定表达，指“盲人群体”，相当于blind people，因此用 “the”。 5. existing 考查形容词。此处修饰senses (感官)，表示“现有的感官”，用形容词existing。 6. sighted 考查形容词。与“blind”相对的是“有视力的人”，因此用 “sighted” (有视力的)。 7. at 考查介词。at age seven 是固定搭配，表示“在七岁时”，相当于at the age of seven。 8. noticed 考查过去式。全文时态为一般过去时，动词需用过去式 “noticed”。 9. independence 考查名词。根据句意，Luc 认为这种触觉绘画意味着“独立”，因此用名词 independence。 10. and 考查并列连词。此处连接两个并列动作 see it 和 form my opinion，因此用连词 “and”。 Thank you $$