Unit 4 单元检测（深圳专用）-八年级英语上册单元高效复习必备（沪教版2024）

Unit 4 Invention 单元检测（深圳专用） 温馨提示： 本试卷共分第Ⅰ卷和第Ⅱ卷两部分，第Ⅰ卷为选择题；第Ⅱ卷为非选择题；满分为75分，考试时间为70分钟。 第一部分选择题（50分） I. 完形填空 （10分）(文章嵌入本单元所学的单词和短语，极好吻合课文所学知识) 阅读下面短文, 从短文后所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出能填入相应空白处的最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将相应字母编号涂黑。（共 10 小题, 每小题1分） My Summer Camp Adventure Last month, I joined an international robotics summer camp in Beijing. On the first day, I _____1___ a number of students from different countries working together on their projects. The ____2___ activity at the camp was a robot-building contest, it was the main event that determines who would win. Every team had to make machines that could find their way through a maze(迷宫). Our team had three Chinese students and two from Australia, and we faced ____3___ right from the start. We ___4____ each other’s skills: Li Wei, who is good at coding, used special ___5_____ to program the robot’s movements, while I focused on putting the machine parts together. One day, our robot kept running into walls. We realized we should _____6___ hurrying. Instead, we needed to check each part one by one. This taught us patience and teamwork. During the competition, I was amazed by the creativity of other teams. Some used solar panels to ___7____ their robots, while others added sensors to detect obstacles. Thanks to Li Wei’s exact coding Our robot, named "Explorer," performed well. ____8____we didn’t win first place, we learned how to solve problems together. Personally, this experience was life-changing. I attach great importance to the friendships I made and the skills I got. The camp showed me that new ideas___9____ everyone, no matter where they are from. There’s no ____10____ this summer will stay with me—it changed how I love science. I can’t wait to see what future inventions will come from young minds like ours. 1. A. check B. noticed C. found D. realized 2. A. interesting B. central C. international D. necessary 3. A. efforts B. effects C. challenges D. technologies 4. A. fight for B. benefit from C. in search of D. depend on 5. A. opinions B. characters C. techniques D. personalities 6. A. avoid B. refuse C. allow D. admit 7. A. produce B. power C. protect D. invent 8. A. Since B. Although C. Because D. When 9. A. treat B. connect C. affect D. benefit 10. A. double B. doubt C. method D. wonder II阅读理解 （40分） 第一节 阅读下列短文, 从每小题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选山最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将相应字母编号涂黑。（共 15 小题, 每小题2分） A AI has changed our lives in some ways. Here are several useful AI inventions. Forpheus The ping-pong robot can play in an easy way with a beginner and a difficult way with a better player. What’s more, it not only encourages players with words like “Good job!”, but also gives some good advice to improve their skills. Chat GPT Developed by US company—OpenAI, Chat GPT is a helpful tool. You can ask it to write stories and e-mails, translate languages and answer all kinds of questions. The use of Char GPT has raised hot discussions in the education. Now anyone can use Chat GPT without paying money, so that the company can collect people’s ideas on how to improve the chatbot (聊天机器人). Facial Recognition (人脸识别) It is used a lot in the world, such as ACS. ACS won’t let a stranger in without the house owner’s agreement. Paying by facial recognition is common now. People can also use facial recognition to unlock their smart mobile phones. The police in Hangzhou even caught a criminal (罪犯) at a concert with its help. Hua Zhibing China’s first student made by AI, appeared at Tsinghua University and at once became an online star. Now, Hua is one year old and is the “youngest Chinese university student”. Now she can do lots of things—she is a poet, a painter, a news writer and more. Scientists hope that she can learn skills such as computer programming, drawing, creating web pages when she finishes university. “We hope she can keep learning and think like humans. We would also like her to understand people’s feelings as well as intellectual (智力的) needs.” 11. What will Forpheus do while playing? A. It will guess the player’s thought. B. It will give suggestions to the players. C. It will be angry if the player is a beginner. D. It will say “What a shame!” to the players. 12. Why can people use Chat GPT for free now? A. Because it is able to teach machines. B. Because it needs to improve itself. C. Because it can help students pass exams. D. Because it can write stories and e-mails. 13. Where may ACS be put? A. In the wallet. B. On the face. C. Outside the door. D. On the concert. 14. From the last paragraph, we can know that Hua Zhibing is ______. A. humorous B. brave C. talented D. honest 15. What is the purpose of this passage? A. To give some information about four inventions in ancient China. B. To tell us the history of AI inventions. C. To introduce some kinds of AI inventions. D. To help students get into a better university. B Inventions have played an important role in shaping the world we live in today. From the wheel to the Internet, these inventions have changed the way we live, work and communicate. Let’s look back on some of the most important inventions in human history and their influence on society. One of the earliest and most influential inventions is the wheel. The wheel has been used for transportation, farming, and manufacturing (制造业) for thousands of years. It completely changed the way goods were transported and traded, making it easier and faster to move from one place to another. The telephone is perhaps one of the most recognizable inventions of all time. Alexander Graham Bell’s invention in 1876 revolutionized communication, allowing people to talk to each other over long distances. It has become an important tool for businesses, governments, and individuals alike. Finally, the Internet is perhaps the most transformative (变革性的) invention of our time. Created by Tim Berners-Lee in the1980s, it has changed the way we get information, connect with others, and do business. It has also had a great influence on culture, entertainment, and social media. In conclusion, inventions have played a key role in shaping human history and society. And inventors have created the great inventions. If we want to keep pushing the boundaries (界限) of what is possible, it is clear that our world needs more creative and talented inventors. 16. How does the writer develop his idea? A. By giving examples. B. By raising questions. C. By comparing differences. D. By explaining the result. 17. What’s the influence of the wheel? A. It divides the world into parts. B. It helps people to talk to each other over long distances. C. It changes the way people get information. D. It changes the way of food transportation and trade. 18. What does the underlined word “revolutionized” mean in Paragraph 3? A. Invited. B. Compared. C. Changed. D. Invented. 19. What can we know from the last paragraph? A. Keys play a role in history and society. B. Creative and talented inventors are needed. C. It is not possible to invent more inventions. D. Some inventions don’t match well with modern life. 20. What is the best title for the text? A. Inventors came from different times B. Life in different countries in the world C. Inventions in history and their influence D. Information during human history and society D The Internet has been around for many years, but it was the invention of the World Wide Web that made it really useful to people. Together, the Internet and the World Wide Web have changed the world. The Internet was invented by the US government in the 1960s, for the army to use. In the 1970s,scientists and business people also wanted to use the Internet to send and received messages. For some years, people could only send very simple texts. They could not send photos or documents by the Internet. That changed in 1991, when a British scientist named Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web. The World Wide Web allows people to send various types of files, such as texts, photos and videos by the Internet, so more and more people started to use it in the 1990s. Today, the Web has hundreds of millions of users. It has changed the way people live, work and play. Through the Internet,email allows us to communicate nearly instantly with people thousands of miles away. People and businesses use e-commerce and online shopping to buy and sell things across the world. The Web also makes people’s lives easier because now many things can be done from home, twenty-four hours a day. The Web can help you do research for your homework, so that you do not need to go to the library. You can use Internet banking, instead of going to the bank. And, of course, people just “surf the Web” when they want to relax. Technology changes quickly, and it is hard to imagine what the future of the Internet and the Web will be. But it seems impossible to imagine life without them. 21. The invention of ________ made the Internet really useful to people. A. the World Wide Web B. the US government C. the army D. the files 22. Choose the right order by the timeline. ①Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web. ②The US government created the Internet mainly for the army. ③Scientists and businessmen began to use the Internet to exchange information. ④The World Wide Web has hundreds of millions of users. A. ①②④③ B. ②③①④ C. ②①③④ D. ④②③① 23. Which of the following is NOT true? A. Everyone can use the Web now. B. The US government invented the Internet. C. People in the army can use the Internet in the 1960s. D. The Internet is the same as the World Wide Web. 24. Paragraph 4 mainly talks about ________. A. how to use the Web B. how the Internet was invented C. how to change the Internet D. how the Web makes everyone’s life easier 25. The best title for the passage is “ ________ ”. A. The history of the Internet B. The World Wide Web C. The Internet and the Web D. The future of the Internet 第二节 短文填空 以下是一则短文, 请阅读短文, 并从下列六个句子中选择五个还原到原文中, 使原文的意思完整、连贯。并在答题卡上将相应的字母编号涂黑。（共5 小题, 每小题1分） Shi Yuan got a patent (专利) when he was a 14-year-old student. 26 It can help people living in cities to follow the rules on dealing with waste. He got over 500,000 yuan in just months from selling the bags. The plastic bag has a special tape (胶带). When one end of the tape is opened, the bag can be turned upside-down. 27 Without getting their hands dirty, they easily throw the wet and dirty waste into a waste bin. This invention does help solve a big problem. 28 Once they get a patent, their invention will be protected by the country. If others want to make money from it, they have to first ask for the inventor’s agreement, and they may need to pay the inventor a lot of money. What’s more, a patent is important to students. 29 With a patent, they can stand out when they enter university in other countries. For college students, patents help them to apply for scholarships (申请奖学金) more easily. In China, there are three types of patents we can apply for—invention, utility model and design. 30 You can simply start by noticing a problem in daily lives and set out to find a creative way to deal with it. A. Then people can hold the bottom end. B. He continues to improve his inventions. C. His big invention was a plastic waste bag. D. Patents bring good things to the inventors. E. Getting a patent is not as difficult as you may think. F. For high school students, a patent shows their creative skills. 第三节 信息匹配（共 5小题, 每小题1分） 下面的材料A-F分别介绍了国际发明展的六件新展品,请根据Polly、 Ellie、 Simon、 Mike、Doris五位学生的需求选择最适合他们观看的展品，并将其标号。 31. Simon is a robot fan. He thinks robots can help human solve many problems. 32. Polly is especially crazy about gardening. She loves growing plants. 33. Ellie shows interest in some products which is environmentally friendly. 34. Doris wants to know some inventions which help his 80-year-old grandpa go out safely. 35. Mike would like to see some creative products with cool designs to make life easier. A. Cool-designed Fan On hot summer days, many people carry a mini fan to keep themselves cool. But this fan is a little different. You can hold it on your neck. Your hands are free! B. Solar (太阳能) Plant Pot The pot has a solar panel (板). It can run around in the garden and look for sunlight by itself. You don’t need to worry that your plants don’t get enough sunlight. C. Smart Walking stick It can not only help old people keep their balance, but also has GPS, lights and an alarm. If the stick comes within 25 cm of a wall or other objects, it will sound an alarm to warn the user. D. Sugar packet (纸袋糖) The “paper” packet is not paper at all—it melts (融化) into your coffee. This kind of sugar packet means less rubbish. It could save about 2 million pounds (910,000kg) of trash each year. E. Safety Window The window prevents children from falling out of the window if they try to open it. A protective guard will go up when the window is pulled back down. F. Robot Police The robot can tell people when danger or disasters are coming. It can also do some police work. It can wave its arms and shout: “Don’t move!” 第二部分 非选择题（25分） III. 语法填空（10分） 阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Thomas Edison was an American inventor. He helped to invent the record player, the movie camera, and of course, the light bulb. He said, “Genius is one percent inspiration, and ninety nine percent perspiration.” He believed that to be 36 (success), hard work is necessary. Thomas Edison was born 37 1847. He was a terrible student and only went to school for three months. After that, his mother taught 38 (he) at home. Edison was almost deaf, so it was difficult for him 39 (learn) like everyone else. Edison overcame his deafness through hard work. However, Edison’s mother was not his only teacher. When Edison was a teenager, he saw a little boy 40 (play) on the train tracks and saved the little boy’s life. The boy’s father was very grateful. To thank Edison, he taught Edison 41 to send telegraphy. From that, Edison got the idea for his first great 42 (invent)— the record player. That is how Thomas Edison started as an inventor. Thomas Edison invented the research lab. Instead of 43 (work) alone, he had a large group of scientists and inventors. They worked together to invent new technologies. Edison was also a successful businessman. He 44 (be) able to sell these new technologies and make a large profit. 45 Edison was not good at school, he was still a success. Today everyone knows the name of Thomas Edison because of his “ninety-nine percent perspiration (汗水).” 第四节、书面表达（15分） 科技改变世界，各种发明让我们的生活越来越便捷，假设你是校英语报社的编辑，报社以“你心中最伟大的发明”为主题面向全校学生做了调查，以下是获得票数最多的三项发明，请为校英语报写一篇稿件报道调查结果并发表你的观点。 发明 轮子 纸 电脑 投票比例 26% 20% 18% 简介 已有数千年历史；方便人们出行 中国古代四大发明之一；对人类文化传播有重要作用 …… 你的观点 …… 参考词汇：传播 spread 要求： 1. 结构完整，要点齐全，可适当发挥； 2. 表达通顺，语言规范，书写清晰； 3. 文中不能出现任何真实的人名、校名等信息； 4. 词数80左右。文章的开头已给出，不计入总词数。 Many inventions have greatly changed our life. Last week, we did a survey on “What’s the greatest invention?” in our school, and here is the result. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 4 Invention 单元检测（深圳专用） 温馨提示： 本试卷共分第Ⅰ卷和第Ⅱ卷两部分，第Ⅰ卷为选择题；第Ⅱ卷为非选择题；满分为75分，考试时间为70分钟。 第一部分选择题（50分） I. 完形填空 （10分）(文章嵌入本单元所学的单词和短语，极好吻合课文所学知识) 阅读下面短文, 从短文后所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出能填入相应空白处的最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将相应字母编号涂黑。（共 10 小题, 每小题1分） My Summer Camp Adventure Last month, I joined an international robotics summer camp in Beijing. On the first day, I _____1___ a number of students from different countries working together on their projects. The ____2___ activity at the camp was a robot-building contest, it was the main event that determines who would win. Every team had to make machines that could find their way through a maze(迷宫). Our team had three Chinese students and two from Australia, and we faced ____3___ right from the start. We ___4____ each other’s skills: Li Wei, who is good at coding, used special ___5_____ to program the robot’s movements, while I focused on putting the machine parts together. One day, our robot kept running into walls. We realized we should _____6___ hurrying. Instead, we needed to check each part one by one. This taught us patience and teamwork. During the competition, I was amazed by the creativity of other teams. Some used solar panels to ___7____ their robots, while others added sensors to detect obstacles. Thanks to Li Wei’s exact coding Our robot, named "Explorer," performed well. ____8____we didn’t win first place, we learned how to solve problems together. Personally, this experience was life-changing. I attach great importance to the friendships I made and the skills I got. The camp showed me that new ideas___9____ everyone, no matter where they are from. There’s no ____10____ this summer will stay with me—it changed how I love science. I can’t wait to see what future inventions will come from young minds like ours. 1. A. check B. noticed C. found D. realized 2. A. interesting B. central C. international D. necessary 3. A. efforts B. effects C. challenges D. technologies 4. A. fight for B. benefit from C. in search of D. depend on 5. A. opinions B. characters C. techniques D. personalities 6. A. avoid B. refuse C. allow D. admit 7. A. produce B. power C. protect D. invent 8. A. Since B. Although C. Because D. When 9. A. treat B. connect C. affect D. benefit 10. A. double B. doubt C. method D. wonder 【答案】BBCDC ABBDB 【解析】文章讲述作者参加北京国际机器人夏令营的经历，团队合作克服挑战，虽未获首奖但收获颇丰，这次经历改变了他，让他珍视友谊与技能。 1.B 句意：第一天，我注意到许多来自不同国家的学生正在一起做他们的项目。 A. check 检查；B. noticed 注意到；C. found 找到；D. realized 意识到。 根据语境，此处表达的是 “注意到” 学生们一起做项目这一情景，“noticed” 更符合语境，强调视觉上的观察和注意。 2.B 句意：夏令营的核心活动是机器人制作比赛，这是决定谁会获胜的主要赛事。 A. interesting 有趣的；B. central 核心的；C. international 国际的；D. necessary 必要的。 后句提到 “it was the main event”，说明这是主要活动，“central” 有 “核心的、主要的” 之意，与 “main” 呼应，故选 B。 3. C 句意：我们团队有三名中国学生和两名来自澳大利亚的学生，从一开始我们就面临挑战。 A. efforts 努力；B. effects 影响；C. challenges 挑战；D. technologies 技术。 结合下文团队遇到机器人撞墙等问题，可知从一开始就有挑战，“challenges” 符合语境。 4. D 句意：我们依靠彼此的技能：李伟擅长编程，他用特殊的技术为机器人的移动编程，而我专注于把机器零件组装起来。 A. fight for 为…… 而战；B. benefit from 从…… 受益；C. in search of 寻找；D. depend on 依靠。 后文描述了团队成员各自发挥技能，说明团队是 “依靠” 彼此的技能，“depend on” 符合语境。 5. C 句意：李伟擅长编程，他用特殊的技术为机器人的移动编程，而我专注于把机器零件组装起来。 A. opinions 观点；B. characters 性格；C. techniques 技术；D. personalities 个性。 编程需要技术，“techniques” 符合 “编程” 这一语境。 6. A 句意：我们意识到我们应该避免急躁。相反，我们需要一个一个地检查每个部件。 A. avoid 避免；B. refuse 拒绝；C. allow 允许；D. admit 承认。 根据 “Instead, we needed to check each part one by one” 可知，之前的做法是急躁的，所以要 “避免” 急躁，“avoid” 符合语境。 7. B 句意：有些团队使用太阳能板为他们的机器人提供动力，而另一些则添加了传感器来检测障碍物。 A. produce 生产；B. power 提供动力；C. protect 保护；D. invent 发明。 太阳能板的作用是为机器人提供动力，“power” 在此处作动词，有 “给…… 提供动力” 之意，符合语境。 8. B 句意：虽然我们没有赢得第一名，但我们学会了如何一起解决问题。 A. Since 自从；B. Although 虽然；C. Because 因为；D. When 当…… 时。 “we didn’t win first place” 和 “we learned how to solve problems together” 之间是转折关系，“Although” 表示转折，符合语境。 9. D 句意：夏令营向我展示了新想法使每个人受益，无论他们来自哪里。 A. treat 对待；B. connect 连接；C. affect 影响；D. benefit 使受益。 新想法对每个人是有益的，“benefit” 符合语境，表达新想法带来的积极作用。 10. B句意：毫无疑问，这个夏天的经历会一直伴随着我 —— 它改变了我对科学的热爱方式。 A. double 两倍；B. doubt 怀疑；C. method 方法；D. wonder 奇迹。 “There’s no doubt that...” 是固定句型，意为 “毫无疑问……”，符合语境，表达对这个夏天经历的深刻感受。 II阅读理解 （40分） 第一节 阅读下列短文, 从每小题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选山最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将相应字母编号涂黑。（共 15 小题, 每小题2分） A AI has changed our lives in some ways. Here are several useful AI inventions. Forpheus The ping-pong robot can play in an easy way with a beginner and a difficult way with a better player. What’s more, it not only encourages players with words like “Good job!”, but also gives some good advice to improve their skills. Chat GPT Developed by US company—OpenAI, Chat GPT is a helpful tool. You can ask it to write stories and e-mails, translate languages and answer all kinds of questions. The use of Char GPT has raised hot discussions in the education. Now anyone can use Chat GPT without paying money, so that the company can collect people’s ideas on how to improve the chatbot (聊天机器人). Facial Recognition (人脸识别) It is used a lot in the world, such as ACS. ACS won’t let a stranger in without the house owner’s agreement. Paying by facial recognition is common now. People can also use facial recognition to unlock their smart mobile phones. The police in Hangzhou even caught a criminal (罪犯) at a concert with its help. Hua Zhibing China’s first student made by AI, appeared at Tsinghua University and at once became an online star. Now, Hua is one year old and is the “youngest Chinese university student”. Now she can do lots of things—she is a poet, a painter, a news writer and more. Scientists hope that she can learn skills such as computer programming, drawing, creating web pages when she finishes university. “We hope she can keep learning and think like humans. We would also like her to understand people’s feelings as well as intellectual (智力的) needs.” 11. What will Forpheus do while playing? A. It will guess the player’s thought. B. It will give suggestions to the players. C. It will be angry if the player is a beginner. D. It will say “What a shame!” to the players. 12. Why can people use Chat GPT for free now? A. Because it is able to teach machines. B. Because it needs to improve itself. C. Because it can help students pass exams. D. Because it can write stories and e-mails. 13. Where may ACS be put? A. In the wallet. B. On the face. C. Outside the door. D. On the concert. 14. From the last paragraph, we can know that Hua Zhibing is ______. A. humorous B. brave C. talented D. honest 15. What is the purpose of this passage? A. To give some information about four inventions in ancient China. B. To tell us the history of AI inventions. C. To introduce some kinds of AI inventions. D. To help students get into a better university. 【答案】11. B 12. B 13. C 14. C 15. C 【解析】本文主要介绍了一些有用的人工智能发明。 11. 细节理解题。根据“but also gives some good advice to improve their skills”可知，它会给球员提供一些建议。故选B。 12. 细节理解题。根据“Now anyone can use Chat GPT without paying money, so that the company can collect people’s ideas on how to improve the chatbot (聊天机器人).”可知，因为聊天机器人可以收集人们关于如何改进它的想法，以便改进它自己。故选B。 13. 推理判断题。根据“ACS won’t let a stranger in without the house owner’s agreement.”可知，没有房主的同意，ACS 不会让陌生人进来，由此推知，ACS可以被放置在门外面，以确保安全。故选C。 14. 推理判断题。根据“Now she can do lots of things—she is a poet, a painter, a news writer and more.”可知，她可以做很多事情，她是诗人、画家、新闻作家等，说明她很有才华。故选C。 15. 主旨大意题。根据“AI has changed our lives in some ways. Here are several useful AI inventions.”并结合全文可知，本文主要是为了介绍一些人工智能发明。故选C。 B Inventions have played an important role in shaping the world we live in today. From the wheel to the Internet, these inventions have changed the way we live, work and communicate. Let’s look back on some of the most important inventions in human history and their influence on society. One of the earliest and most influential inventions is the wheel. The wheel has been used for transportation, farming, and manufacturing (制造业) for thousands of years. It completely changed the way goods were transported and traded, making it easier and faster to move from one place to another. The telephone is perhaps one of the most recognizable inventions of all time. Alexander Graham Bell’s invention in 1876 revolutionized communication, allowing people to talk to each other over long distances. It has become an important tool for businesses, governments, and individuals alike. Finally, the Internet is perhaps the most transformative (变革性的) invention of our time. Created by Tim Berners-Lee in the1980s, it has changed the way we get information, connect with others, and do business. It has also had a great influence on culture, entertainment, and social media. In conclusion, inventions have played a key role in shaping human history and society. And inventors have created the great inventions. If we want to keep pushing the boundaries (界限) of what is possible, it is clear that our world needs more creative and talented inventors. 16. How does the writer develop his idea? A. By giving examples. B. By raising questions. C. By comparing differences. D. By explaining the result. 17. What’s the influence of the wheel? A. It divides the world into parts. B. It helps people to talk to each other over long distances. C. It changes the way people get information. D. It changes the way of food transportation and trade. 18. What does the underlined word “revolutionized” mean in Paragraph 3? A. Invited. B. Compared. C. Changed. D. Invented. 19. What can we know from the last paragraph? A. Keys play a role in history and society. B. Creative and talented inventors are needed. C. It is not possible to invent more inventions. D. Some inventions don’t match well with modern life. 20. What is the best title for the text? A. Inventors came from different times B. Life in different countries in the world C. Inventions in history and their influence D. Information during human history and society 【答案】16. A 17. D 18. C 19. B 20. C 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了人类历史上一些最重要的发明及其对社会的影响。 16. 推理判断题。根据第二段“One of the earliest and most influential inventions is the wheel.”和第三段“The telephone is perhaps one of the most recognizable inventions of all time.”及第四段“Finally, the Internet is perhaps the most transformativ invention of our time.”可知，作者通过举例子说明他的观点。故选A。 17. 细节理解题。根据第二段“It completely changed the way goods were transported and traded, making it easier and faster to move from one place to another.”可知，它彻底改变了货物运输和交易的方式，使人们从一个地方到另一个地方更容易、更快捷。由此可知，车轮改变了食品运输和贸易的方式。故选D。 18. 词义猜测题。根据第三段“Alexander Graham Bell’s invention in 1876 revolutionized communication, allowing people to talk to each other over long distances.”可知，亚历山大•格雷厄姆•贝尔在1876年的发明彻底改变了通信，使人们可以远距离交谈。由此可知，此处指电话改变了通讯方式，因此“revolutionized”意思是“彻底改变”，因此“Changed改变”符合题意。故选C。 19. 细节理解题。根据最后一段“If we want to keep pushing the boundaries of what is possible, it is clear that our world needs more creative and talented inventors.”可知，我们需要有创造力和才华的发明家。故选B。 20. 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Inventions have played an important role in shaping the world we live in today. From the wheel to the Internet, these inventions have changed the way we live, work and communicate.”可知，发明在塑造我们今天生活的世界方面发挥了重要作用。从车轮到互联网，这些发明改变了我们生活、工作和交流的方式，再结合全文信息可知，本文主要介绍了轮子、电话和互联网这三项重大发明及其对社会的深远影响。因此本文的最佳标题为“历史上的发明及其影响”。故选C。 D The Internet has been around for many years, but it was the invention of the World Wide Web that made it really useful to people. Together, the Internet and the World Wide Web have changed the world. The Internet was invented by the US government in the 1960s, for the army to use. In the 1970s,scientists and business people also wanted to use the Internet to send and received messages. For some years, people could only send very simple texts. They could not send photos or documents by the Internet. That changed in 1991, when a British scientist named Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web. The World Wide Web allows people to send various types of files, such as texts, photos and videos by the Internet, so more and more people started to use it in the 1990s. Today, the Web has hundreds of millions of users. It has changed the way people live, work and play. Through the Internet,email allows us to communicate nearly instantly with people thousands of miles away. People and businesses use e-commerce and online shopping to buy and sell things across the world. The Web also makes people’s lives easier because now many things can be done from home, twenty-four hours a day. The Web can help you do research for your homework, so that you do not need to go to the library. You can use Internet banking, instead of going to the bank. And, of course, people just “surf the Web” when they want to relax. Technology changes quickly, and it is hard to imagine what the future of the Internet and the Web will be. But it seems impossible to imagine life without them. 21. The invention of ________ made the Internet really useful to people. A. the World Wide Web B. the US government C. the army D. the files 22. Choose the right order by the timeline. ①Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web. ②The US government created the Internet mainly for the army. ③Scientists and businessmen began to use the Internet to exchange information. ④The World Wide Web has hundreds of millions of users. A. ①②④③ B. ②③①④ C. ②①③④ D. ④②③① 23. Which of the following is NOT true? A. Everyone can use the Web now. B. The US government invented the Internet. C. People in the army can use the Internet in the 1960s. D. The Internet is the same as the World Wide Web. 24. Paragraph 4 mainly talks about ________. A. how to use the Web B. how the Internet was invented C. how to change the Internet D. how the Web makes everyone’s life easier 25. The best title for the passage is “ ________ ”. A. The history of the Internet B. The World Wide Web C. The Internet and the Web D. The future of the Internet 【答案】21. A 22. B 23. D 24. D 25. C 【解析】本文主要介绍了互联网和万维网的历史、区别及影响。 21. 细节理解题。根据“The Internet has been around for many years, but it was the invention of the World Wide Web that made it really useful to people.”可知，万维网的发明使互联网真正普及。故选A。 22. 细节理解题。根据“The Internet was invented by the US government in the 1960s, for the army to use. In the 1970s, scientists and business people also wanted to use the Internet to send and received messages.…That changed in 1991, when a British scientist named Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web.…Today, the Web has hundreds of millions of users.”可知，互联网在20世纪60年代由美国政府发明，为军队所用，②排第一；在70年代，科学家和商人开始使用互联网收发信息，③排第二；在1991年，Tim Berners-Lee发明了万维网，①排第三；现在，万维网有数亿用户，④排第四。故选B。 23. 推理判断题。根据“The Internet has been around for many years, but it was the invention of the World Wide Web that made it really useful to people.”可知，网络存在多年，但万维网的出现才使它对人们真正有用，说明两者不一样。故选D。 24. 段落大意题。第四段列举了万维网如何简化生活，如电子邮件、在线购物、居家办公等，核心是“使生活更便捷”。故选D。 25. 最佳标题题。全文围绕互联网和万维网的历史、区别及影响展开。选项C“互联网网和万维网”作为标题最为合适。故选C。 第二节 短文填空 以下是一则短文, 请阅读短文, 并从下列六个句子中选择五个还原到原文中, 使原文的意思完整、连贯。并在答题卡上将相应的字母编号涂黑。（共5 小题, 每小题1分） Shi Yuan got a patent (专利) when he was a 14-year-old student. 26 It can help people living in cities to follow the rules on dealing with waste. He got over 500,000 yuan in just months from selling the bags. The plastic bag has a special tape (胶带). When one end of the tape is opened, the bag can be turned upside-down. 27 Without getting their hands dirty, they easily throw the wet and dirty waste into a waste bin. This invention does help solve a big problem. 28 Once they get a patent, their invention will be protected by the country. If others want to make money from it, they have to first ask for the inventor’s agreement, and they may need to pay the inventor a lot of money. What’s more, a patent is important to students. 29 With a patent, they can stand out when they enter university in other countries. For college students, patents help them to apply for scholarships (申请奖学金) more easily. In China, there are three types of patents we can apply for—invention, utility model and design. 30 You can simply start by noticing a problem in daily lives and set out to find a creative way to deal with it. A. Then people can hold the bottom end. B. He continues to improve his inventions. C. His big invention was a plastic waste bag. D. Patents bring good things to the inventors. E. Getting a patent is not as difficult as you may think. F. For high school students, a patent shows their creative skills. 【答案】26. C 27. A 28. D 29. F 30. E 【解析】本文主要讲述了14岁学生施源获得专利的故事，并介绍了专利的作用和申请类型。    26. 根据“Shi Yuan got a patent...He got over 500,000 yuan in just months from selling the bags”可推知，施源的专利与“袋子”有关。选项C“他的重大发明是一款塑料垃圾袋”补充了专利的具体内容，符合语境。故选C。 27. 根据“the bag can be turned upside-down...Without getting their hands dirty”可推知，胶带的设计是为了方便抓握。选项A“然后人们可以握住底部”符合上下文逻辑，解释了胶带的作用，符合语境。故选A。 28. 根据“Once they get a patent, their invention will be protected by the country...pay the inventor a lot of money”可推知，本段在说明专利对发明者的好处。选项D“专利给发明者带来好处”概括了段落主旨，符合语境。故选D。 29. 根据“a patent is important to students...With a patent, they can stand out”和后文分述高中、大学学生受益的内容可推知，需补充学生群体的具体案例。选项F“对高中生来说，专利能展示他们的创新能力”与后文“申请奖学金”形成递进，符合语境。故选F。 30. 根据“You can simply start by noticing a problem...”可推知，此处强调专利申请的门槛不高。选项E“获得专利并不像你想象的那么难”与下文“从生活中发现问题”的建议相呼应，符合语境。故选E。 第三节 信息匹配（共 5小题, 每小题1分） 下面的材料A-F分别介绍了国际发明展的六件新展品,请根据Polly、 Ellie、 Simon、 Mike、Doris五位学生的需求选择最适合他们观看的展品，并将其标号。 31. Simon is a robot fan. He thinks robots can help human solve many problems. 32. Polly is especially crazy about gardening. She loves growing plants. 33. Ellie shows interest in some products which is environmentally friendly. 34. Doris wants to know some inventions which help his 80-year-old grandpa go out safely. 35. Mike would like to see some creative products with cool designs to make life easier. A. Cool-designed Fan On hot summer days, many people carry a mini fan to keep themselves cool. But this fan is a little different. You can hold it on your neck. Your hands are free! B. Solar (太阳能) Plant Pot The pot has a solar panel (板). It can run around in the garden and look for sunlight by itself. You don’t need to worry that your plants don’t get enough sunlight. C. Smart Walking stick It can not only help old people keep their balance, but also has GPS, lights and an alarm. If the stick comes within 25 cm of a wall or other objects, it will sound an alarm to warn the user. D. Sugar packet (纸袋糖) The “paper” packet is not paper at all—it melts (融化) into your coffee. This kind of sugar packet means less rubbish. It could save about 2 million pounds (910,000kg) of trash each year. E. Safety Window The window prevents children from falling out of the window if they try to open it. A protective guard will go up when the window is pulled back down. F. Robot Police The robot can tell people when danger or disasters are coming. It can also do some police work. It can wave its arms and shout: “Don’t move!” 【答案】31. F 32. B 33. D 34. C 35. A 【解析】本文要将五位学生的需求与最适合他们观看的展品一一匹配。 31. 根据“Simon is a robot fan.”可知，Simon喜欢机器人。选项F“机器人警察：机器人可以告诉人们危险或灾难何时到来。它还可以做一些警察工作。它可以挥动手臂大喊：’别动！’”与之相符。故选F。 32. 根据“Polly is especially crazy about gardening. She loves growing plants.”可知，Polly喜欢园艺。选项B“太阳能电站：这个花盆有一块太阳能电池板。它可以在花园里四处奔跑，自己寻找阳光。你不必担心你的植物得不到足够的阳光。”与之相符。故选B。 33. 根据“Ellie shows interest in some products which is environmentally friendly.”可知，Ellie对环保产品感兴趣。选项D“纸袋糖：’纸’包根本不是纸——它会融化到你的咖啡中。这种糖包意味着垃圾更少。’它每年可以节省约200万英镑(91万公斤)的垃圾。’”与之相符。故选D。 34. 根据“Doris wants to know some inventions which help his 80-year-old grandpa go out safely.”可知，Doris想知道一些能帮助他80岁的爷爷安全外出的发明。选项C“智能手杖：它不仅可以帮助老年人保持平衡，而且还有GPS、灯和报警器。如果棍子在距离墙壁或其他物体25厘米以内，它会发出警报来警告用户。”与之相符。故选C。 35. 根据“Mike would like to see some creative products with cool designs to make life easier.”可知，Mike想看看一些设计很酷的创意产品。选项A“设计凉爽的风扇：在炎热的夏天，许多人都带着迷你风扇来保持凉爽。但这个风扇有点不同。你可以把它挂在脖子上。你的手自由了！”与之相符。故选A。 第二部分 非选择题（25分） III. 语法填空（10分） 阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Thomas Edison was an American inventor. He helped to invent the record player, the movie camera, and of course, the light bulb. He said, “Genius is one percent inspiration, and ninety nine percent perspiration.” He believed that to be 36 (success), hard work is necessary. Thomas Edison was born 37 1847. He was a terrible student and only went to school for three months. After that, his mother taught 38 (he) at home. Edison was almost deaf, so it was difficult for him 39 (learn) like everyone else. Edison overcame his deafness through hard work. However, Edison’s mother was not his only teacher. When Edison was a teenager, he saw a little boy 40 (play) on the train tracks and saved the little boy’s life. The boy’s father was very grateful. To thank Edison, he taught Edison 41 to send telegraphy. From that, Edison got the idea for his first great 42 (invent)— the record player. That is how Thomas Edison started as an inventor. Thomas Edison invented the research lab. Instead of 43 (work) alone, he had a large group of scientists and inventors. They worked together to invent new technologies. Edison was also a successful businessman. He 44 (be) able to sell these new technologies and make a large profit. 45 Edison was not good at school, he was still a success. Today everyone knows the name of Thomas Edison because of his “ninety-nine percent perspiration (汗水).” 【答案】36. successful 37. in 38. him 39. to learn 40. playing 41. how 42. invention 43. working 44. was 45. Though/Although 【解析】本文主要介绍了美国发明家托马斯·爱迪生的成长经历。 36. 句意：他认为要取得成功，努力工作是必要的。根据“He believed that to be…(success), hard work is necessary.”可知，此处应用名词success的形容词形式successful“成功的”作表语。故填successful。 37. 句意：托马斯·爱迪生出生于1847年。根据“Thomas Edison was born…1847.”可知，出生于哪一年，应用介词in表示“在”。故填in。 38. 句意：之后，他的母亲在家里教他。根据“After that, his mother taught…(he) at home.”可知，位于动词后，应用人称代词宾格him表示“他”。故填him。 39. 句意：爱迪生几乎聋了，所以他很难像其他所有人一样学习。根据“Edison was almost deaf, so it was difficult for him…(learn) like everyone else.”可知，此处为it的固定句型it’s+形容词+for sb.+to do sth.表示“对某人来说做某事怎样”，应用动词不定式。故填to learn。 40. 句意：当爱迪生十几岁的时候，他看到一个小男孩在火车轨道上玩耍，挽救了小男孩的生命。根据“When Edison was a teenager, he saw a little boy…(play) on the train tracks and saved the little boy’s life.”可知，此处为固定短语see sb. doing sth.“看见某人正在做某事”，应用动词play的现在分词形式。故填playing。 41. 句意：为了感谢爱迪生，他教爱迪生如何发送电报。根据“To thank Edison, he taught Edison…to send telegraphy.”可知，此处为疑问词+动词不定式结构，如何发送电报，应用疑问词how表示“如何”。故填how。 42. 句意：从那里，爱迪生得到了他第一个伟大发明的灵感——电唱机。根据“From that, Edison got the idea for his first great…(invent)— the record player.”可知，此处指的是第一个发明，应用动词invent的名词单数形式invention表示“发明”。故填invention。 43. 句意：他没有独自工作，而是有大量的科学家和发明者。根据“Thomas Edison invented the research lab. Instead of…(work) alone, he had a large group of scientists and inventors.”可知，位于介词of后应用work的动名词形式。故填working。 44. 句意：他能够出售这些新技术并获得大量利润。根据“He…(be) able to sell these new technologies and make a large profit.”可知，此处为固定短语be able to“能够”，时态为一般过去时，主语为单数，be动词应用was。故填was。 45. 句意：虽然爱迪生在学校成绩不好，但他仍然很成功。根据“…Edison was not good at school, he was still a success.”可知，前后为让步关系，应用though/although“即使”引导让步状语从句，位于句首首字母大写。故填Though/Although。 第四节、书面表达（15分） 科技改变世界，各种发明让我们的生活越来越便捷，假设你是校英语报社的编辑，报社以“你心中最伟大的发明”为主题面向全校学生做了调查，以下是获得票数最多的三项发明，请为校英语报写一篇稿件报道调查结果并发表你的观点。 发明 轮子 纸 电脑 投票比例 26% 20% 18% 简介 已有数千年历史；方便人们出行 中国古代四大发明之一；对人类文化传播有重要作用 …… 你的观点 …… 参考词汇：传播 spread 要求： 1. 结构完整，要点齐全，可适当发挥； 2. 表达通顺，语言规范，书写清晰； 3. 文中不能出现任何真实的人名、校名等信息； 4. 词数80左右。文章的开头已给出，不计入总词数。 Many inventions have greatly changed our life. Last week, we did a survey on “What’s the greatest invention?” in our school, and here is the result. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】例文 Many inventions have greatly changed our life. Last week, we did a survey on “What’s the greatest invention?” in our school, and here is the result. 26% of the students chose “Wheel” as the greatest invention. A few thousand years ago, people started to use wheels on carriages. With the help of wheels, travelling became faster and more comfortable. “Paper” was the choice of one fifth of the students. As is known to all, paper-making was one of the four great inventions in ancient China. It plays an important role in spreading human culture. 18% of the students held a view that “computer” was the greatest one. Computers not only help us to calculate at a fast speed, but also do important jobs like operating railways. I think all these inventions are very useful and make our life more convenient. But I think the Internet is the greatest. The world becomes smaller and smaller with the Internet. 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$