专题09 初升高衔接动词的时态和语态（讲义+课件+练习）- 2025年英语初升高衔接课程（暑期自学通用版）.pptx

专题09 初升高衔接动词的时态和语态 动词作为英语句子的核心部分，其时态和语态的正确运用对于准确表达语义、构建逻辑清晰的句子至关重要。在高中英语学习中，掌握动词的时态和语态是突破语法大关、提升语言运用能力的关键环节。接下来，让我们一起深入探究这一重要语法知识。 一、时态（Tense） （一）定义及时态构成 时态是表示行为、动作和状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式，通过动词的变化来体现动作发生的时间和状态。英语时态共有16种，由时间（现在、过去、将来、过去将来）和状态（一般、进行、完成、完成进行）组合而成。但在高中阶段，重点掌握以下10种时态： 1. 一般现在时（Simple Present Tense）：do/does（第三人称单数用does，其余用do），be动词形式为am/is/are 。 2. 现在进行时（Present Continuous Tense）：am/is/are + doing 。 3. 现在完成时（Present Perfect Tense）：have/has + done（过去分词） 。 4. 现在完成进行时（Present Perfect Continuous Tense）：have/has + been + doing 。 5. 一般过去时（Simple Past Tense）：did（动词的过去式），be动词的过去式为was/were 。 6. 过去进行时（Past Continuous Tense）：was/were + doing 。 7. 过去完成时（Past Perfect Tense）：had + done 。 8. 一般将来时（Simple Future Tense）：will/shall + do（shall通常用于第一人称I和we，现代英语中will也常用于第一人称 ）；还可以用be going to do、be to do、be about to do等结构表达将来含义 。 9. 将来进行时（Future Continuous Tense）：will/shall + be + doing 。 10. 过去将来时（Past Future Tense）：would/should + do（常用于宾语从句，主句谓语为过去时态时 ） 。 （二）常见时态用法详解 1. 一般现在时 ◦ 表示经常性、习惯性动作：常与always（总是）、usually（通常）、often（经常）、sometimes（有时）、every day/week/month/year（每天/每周/每月/每年）等时间状语连用。例如：He usually goes to school by bike.（他通常骑自行车去上学。） ◦ 表示现在的状态、特征或能力：My father is a doctor.（我父亲是一名医生。）She speaks English very well.（她英语说得很好。） ◦ 表示客观事实、普遍真理：The earth moves around the sun.（地球围绕太阳转。）Light travels faster than sound.（光比声音传播得快。） ◦ 在时间、条件、让步状语从句中表示将来的动作：遵循“主将从现”原则，即主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home.（如果明天下雨，我们就待在家里。）When you arrive, please call me.（你到达时，请给我打电话。） ◦ 表示按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作：只限于某些表示“来、去、动 、停、开始、结束、继续”等的动词，如go（去）、come（来）、arrive（到达）、leave（离开）、start（开始）、begin（开始）、return（返回）等，可以与表示未来时间的状语搭配使用 。The train leaves at 8:00 tomorrow morning.（火车明天早上8点离开。） 2. 现在进行时 ◦ 表示此时此刻正在进行的动作：What are you doing now? I am reading a book.（你现在在做什么？我正在看书。） ◦ 表示现阶段一直在进行的动作，但说话时不一定正在进行：I am preparing for the final exam these days.（这些天我一直在为期末考试做准备。） ◦ 表示即将发生的动作：只限于go、come、stay、leave、start、begin、arrive、return、fly（飞行）、drive（驾驶）等动词，这时常有一个表示将来时间的状语。He is leaving for Beijing tomorrow.（他明天要去北京。） ◦ 与always（总是）、forever（永远）、constantly（不断地）、continually（持续地）等频度副词连用，表示反复发生的或习惯性的动作，常带有不满、抱怨或赞赏等情感：She is always helping others.（她总是帮助别人。表赞赏）He is constantly making the same mistake.（他老是犯同样的错误。表不满） 3. 现在完成时 ◦ 表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果：常与already（已经，用于肯定句）、yet（已经，用于否定句和疑问句）、just（刚刚）、ever（曾经）、never（从未）等时间状语连用。I have already finished my homework.（我已经完成了我的作业。）Have you ever been to Shanghai?（你曾经去过上海吗？） ◦ 表示从过去某一时刻开始一直延续到现在的动作或状态，并且有可能会继续延续下去：常与for + 一段时间（如for two hours持续两小时 ）、since + 过去时间点（如since 2020从2020年起 ）、since + 一般过去时从句（如since I came to this school自从我来到这所学校 ）等时间状语连用。We have lived here for ten years.（我们已经在这里住了十年了。）He has worked in this company since he graduated from college.（他大学毕业后就一直在这家公司工作。） ◦ 在“It/This is the first/second/... time that...”（这是第一/二/……次…… ）和“This is the best/worst/most interesting + n. + that...”（这是最好的/最差的/最有趣的…… ）结构中，从句要求用现在完成时：This is the first time that I have visited the Great Wall.（这是我第一次参观长城。）It’s the best movie that I have ever seen.（这是我看过的最好的电影。） 4. 现在完成进行时 ◦ 表示从过去某时开始一直延续到现在的动作，可能刚刚停止，也可能还在继续进行：I have been waiting for you for two hours.（我已经等你两个小时了，现在还在等）She has been studying English for five years.（她已经学习英语五年了，现在还在学） ◦ 表示动作刚刚结束（有时指出现结果）：My clothes are wet. I’ve been walking in the rain.（我的衣服湿了，我一直在雨中行走，刚结束） ◦ 表示动作的重复性（指断断续续，而非一直不停）：She has been phoning Jim every night for the past two weeks.（在过去的两周里，她每天晚上都给吉姆打电话 ） 5. 一般过去时 ◦ 表示过去某个特定时间或某一段时间内发生的动作或情况：I visited my grandparents last weekend.（我上周末去看望了我的祖父母。）He worked in that factory for five years.（他在那家工厂工作了五年。） ◦ 表示过去的习惯动作：When I was a child, I often played games with my friends.（我小时候经常和朋友们一起玩游戏。） 还可以用used to do（过去常常做某事，现在不做了 ）或would do（过去常常，多用于描述过去的反复动作 ）来表示。He used to get up early.（他过去常常早起。）Every evening, he would sit on the bench and watch the sunset.（每天晚上，他都会坐在长椅上看日落。） ◦ 有些情况发生的时间没清楚表明，但实际上是“刚才，刚刚”发生的，属于过去时间，应使用过去时态：常见的有I didn’t know…（我不知道…… ）或I forgot…（我忘记…… ）等。I didn’t know you were here.（我不知道你在这儿。）I forgot to bring my key.（我忘了带钥匙。） 6. 过去进行时 ◦ 表示过去某一时刻或某一时间内正在进行的动作：这一特定的过去时间通常有时间状语（从句）或由上下文来表示。At this time yesterday, I was doing my homework.（昨天这个时候，我正在做作业。）When the teacher came in, we were talking.（老师进来的时候，我们正在说话。） ◦ 表示过去某一阶段一直在进行的动作，但说话时不一定正在进行：I was studying hard for the exam last month.（上个月我一直在努力备考。） ◦ 表示从过去某一时间的角度看将要发生的动作，用于某些动词（如go、come、leave、start等 ）：She said she was leaving for Shanghai the next day.（她说她第二天要去上海。） ◦ 与always（总是）、frequently（频繁地）等副词连用，表示感情色彩：He was always asking questions in class.（他在课堂上总是问问题，可表不满等情绪 ） 7. 过去完成时 ◦ 表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前已经完成了的动作，即“过去的过去”：通常有一个过去的时间或动作作为参照。Before I went to bed, I had finished my homework.（在我睡觉之前，我已经完成了作业。“睡觉”是过去的动作，“完成作业”发生在“睡觉”之前 ） ◦ 在含有时间状语从句的复合句中，若两个动作紧接着发生，则不需用过去完成时，尤其是在含有before（在……之前 ）和after（在……之后 ）的复合句中，常用一般过去时代替过去完成时：After he arrived home, he had a rest. 也可写成After he arrived home, he rested.（他到家后休息了一下。 ） ◦ 表示未曾实现的希望、打算、意图、诺言等：常用had hoped/planned/meant等结构。I had hoped to see you yesterday, but I was too busy.（我本希望昨天见到你，但我太忙了。 ） 8. 一般将来时 ◦ will/shall do ◦ 表示将来会出现的动作或状态：I will go to the park tomorrow.（我明天要去公园。） ◦ 表示将来经常发生的动作：He will come to see me every Sunday.（他每个星期天都会来看我。） ◦ 表示事物的固有属性或必然趋势、倾向：Water will freeze at 0℃.（水在0摄氏度会结冰。） ◦ 表示说话过程中做出某种决定：—Oh, no! I left my book in the classroom.（哦，不！我把书落在教室了。）—I will go and get it for you.（我去给你拿。） ◦ be going to do ◦ 表示已经决定或安排要做的事：I am going to visit my uncle next week.（我下周打算去看望我的叔叔。） ◦ 表示根据某种迹象认为在最近或将来将要发生的事：Look at the dark clouds. It’s going to rain.（看那些乌云，要下雨了。） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 ◦ be to do ◦ 表示约定、计划或按职责、义务要求即将发生的动作：The meeting is to be held tomorrow.（会议将于明天举行。） ◦ 表示说话人的意志、意图、职责、义务、命令：You are to stay here until I come back.（你要待在这里直到我回来。） ◦ 表示注定要发生的事情：He was to become a famous singer.（他注定会成为一名著名歌手。） ◦ be about to do ◦ 表示即将发生的动作，意为“正要，即将”：The plane is about to take off.（飞机即将起飞。） ◦ 不可与表示具体的将来时间的副词或副词性短语连用，但可以同由as（当……时候 ）或when（当……时候 ）引导的时间状语从句连用：I was about to leave when the phone rang.（我正要离开，这时电话响了。） ◦ 某些动词的现在进行时表示即将发生的动作：如go、come、leave、start、arrive等。He is coming to see me this afternoon.（他今天下午要来看我。） 9. 将来进行时 ◦ 表示在将来某一时刻或某一时间段正在进行的动作：At 8:00 tomorrow evening, I will be watching TV.（明天晚上8点，我将正在看电视。） ◦ 表示根据计划或安排在将来某一时刻正在进行的动作，此时一般有具体的时间状语：We will be having a meeting at 9:00 tomorrow morning.（我们明天上午9点将正在开会。） ◦ 表示将来某一时刻自然发生的事，而不是人为安排要做的事：What will you be doing this time next year?（明年这个时候你会在做什么？） ◦ 表示有礼貌地询问对方的打算，语气比较委婉：Will you be using your bike this afternoon?（你今天下午要用你的自行车吗？ ） 10. 过去将来时 ◦ would/should do表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作或将要存在的状态，通常用于其主句的谓语为过去时态的宾语从句中：He said he would go to Beijing the next day.（他说他第二天要去北京。） ◦ were/was to do表示过去将来时间的安排，如果这个安排后来被取消，没有实现，则用was/were to have done表示：She was to have gone to the party, but she was ill.（她本打算去参加派对，但她生病了。 ） （三）时态对比与注意事项 1. 一般过去时与现在完成时的区别 ◦ 一般过去时：只单纯表示过去的动作或状态，和现在不发生联系，它可以和表示过去的时间状语（如yesterday昨天 、last week上周 、in 2022在2022年 等）连用。I saw him yesterday.（我昨天看见了他。） ◦ 现在完成时：表示某一已完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况，不能和表示过去的时间状语连用。I have seen him.（我已经见过他了，强调现在知道他的情况 ） 2. 现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别 ◦ 现在完成时：强调动作已完成，着重结果；也可表示延续性，强调动作的延续对现在的影响 。I have read this book.（我已经读过这本书了，强调读过的结果 ） ◦ 现在完成进行时：表示动作的进行，强调动作的持续性，动作从过去开始一直持续到现在，可能还会继续下去 。I have been reading this book for two hours.（我已经读这本书两个小时了，还可能继续读 ） ◦ 状态动词、知觉动词或情态动词如see（看见）、feel（感觉）、know（知道）、love（爱）等，不用于现在完成进行时，但可用于现在完成时：I have known him for a long time.（我认识他很久了 ，不能说I have been knowing him for a long time ） 二、语态（Voice） （一）语态的定义和种类 语态是动词的一种形式，用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语的语态共有两种：主动语态（Active Voice）和被动语态（Passive Voice） 。 1. 主动语态：表示主语是动作的执行者，即主语发出动作作用于宾语 。例如：Tom eats an apple.（汤姆吃了一个苹果。“汤姆”是动作“吃”的执行者，“苹果”是动作的承受者 ） 2. 被动语态：表示主语是动作的承受者，即动作是由其他人或物执行的，而主语承受这个动作 。例如：An apple is eaten by Tom.（一个苹果被汤姆吃了。“苹果”是动作“吃”的承受者，“汤姆”是动作的执行者 ） （二）被动语态的构成 被动语态由“助动词be + 及物动词的过去分词（done）”构成，其中助动词be有人称、数和时态的变化，其变化规则与be作为连系动词时完全一样 。各种常见时态的被动语态构成如下： 1. 一般现在时的被动语态：am/is/are + 过去分词 。The classroom is cleaned every day.（教室每天都被打扫。 ） 2. 一般过去时的被动语态：was/were + 过去分词 。The book was written by him last year.（这本书是他去年写的。 ） 3. 一般将来时的被动语态：will + be + 过去分词 。The work will be finished tomorrow.（这项工作明天将被完成。 ） 4. 现在进行时的被动语态：am/is/are + being + 过去分词 。A new bridge is being built in our city.（我们城市正在建一座新桥。 ） 5. 过去进行时的被动语态：was/were + being + 过去分词 。The house was being painted when I passed by.（我经过的时候，房子正在被粉刷。 ） 6. 现在完成时的被动语态：have/has + been + 过去分词 。The project has been completed successfully.（这个项目已经成功完成了。 ） 7. 过去完成时的被动语态：had + been + 过去分词 。The task had been finished before he came.（在他来之前，任务已经完成了 $$ 专题09 初升高衔接动词的时态和语态 一、单项选择 1. I ______ to the cinema last night. The film ______ really interesting. A. go; is B. went; was C. have gone; is D. will go; was 2. —What ______ you ______ at this time yesterday? — I ______ my homework. A. did; do; did B. are; doing; am doing C. were; doing; was doing D. do; do; do 3. This kind of car ______ in Japan. A. makes B. made C. is making D. is made 4. I ______ my homework, and now I am watching TV. A. finish B. finished C. have finished D. will finish 5. By the time I got to the station, the train ______. A. left B. has left C. had left D. leaves 6. Look! The boys ______ football on the playground. A. play B. played C. are playing D. have played 7. If it ______ tomorrow, we ______ to the park. A. rains; won't go B. will rain; won't go C. rains; go D. will rain; go 8. The work ______ in two hours. A. will finish B. will be finished C. is finished D. finishes 9. He said he ______ to see us when he ______ free. A. will come; is B. would come; was C. will come; was D. would come; is 10. The students ______ an English class when the teacher came in. A. have B. had C. are having D. were having 二、用所给动词的适当形式填空 1. My father ______ (work) in the factory for twenty years. 2. Listen! Someone ______ (knock) at the door. 3. The old man ______ (die) ten years ago. 4. We ______ (visit) the Great Wall next week. 5. The book ______ (write) by Lu Xun. 6. I ______ (not see) him since last year. 7. When I got home, my mother ______ (cook) dinner. 8. She ______ (be) to Beijing three times. 9. If you ______ (not hurry), you will be late. 10. The bridge ______ (build) in 2000. 三、语法填空 1. So far, great changes ______ (take) place in my hometown. 2. The computer doesn't work. It ______ (repair) now. 3. He told me that he ______ (go) to the park the next day. 4. Look at the dark clouds. It ______ (rain). 5. This is the first time that I ______ (hear) him sing. 6. When I arrived at the cinema, the film ______ (begin). 7. The students ______ (ask) to clean their classrooms every day. 8. She ______ (read) a book when I came into the room. 9. By the end of last year, he ______ (learn) about 2,000 English words. 10. The meeting ______ (hold) in the hall tomorrow. 四、句型转换 1. They built the bridge last year.（改为被动语态） The bridge ______ ______ by them last year. 2. She is writing a letter now.（改为被动语态） A letter ______ ______ ______ by her now. 3. He has finished his homework.（改为一般疑问句） ______ he ______ his homework? 4. They will visit the museum next week.（改为否定句） They ______ ______ the museum next week. 5. I was doing my homework at 8:00 last night.（对划线部分提问） ______ were you ______ at 8:00 last night? 五、翻译句子 1. 他每天都打篮球。 He ______ basketball every day. 2. 这个故事听起来很有趣。 The story ______ very interesting. 3. 我的自行车被偷了。 My bike ______ ______ stolen. 4. 当我到家时，妈妈正在做饭。 When I got home, my mother ______ ______ dinner. 5. 到目前为止，我已经读了五本书。 So far, I ______ ______ five books. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2025年 初升高衔接课程 动词的时态和语态 专题九 英语 目录 动词的概述 动词的语态 动词的难点 1 2 3 4 动词的时态 动词的概述 表动作或状态的词。 谓语动词；非谓语动词。 动词 动词是用来描述主语的动作、行为或状态的词，用来说明主语是什么、处于什么状态或做什么，是句子不可缺少的部分。 动词的概述 按句法功能 Vi.不及物动词： I come. I go. I fail. I win. Vt.及物动词： I take a book. I love him. He give me a book. I send him a letter. He made Mary angry. He found Tony crying. 本身意思完整的动词 本身意思不完整，需要添加宾语才能表达完整意思 主谓宾 主谓双宾 主谓宾宾补 实义动词：具有实际意义的动词 系动词+形容词/名词 be 类：am, is, are, was, were (是...) seem, appear(似乎是） 感官动词：sound, taste, feel, look, 表变化：become, go, turn, get 证明是： prove, turn out 表持续：stay, remain, keep It tastes sweet. It sounds good. She looks tired. She is an actress. The news finally proved (to be) true. The leaves turn yellow when the autumn is coming. He got angry when he heard the news. 助动词：帮助动词变形，变态 ①be 类：am, is, are, was, were ②do类： do, does, did ③have 类：have, has, had ④will类： will, would ⑤情态动词：can, could, must, should I am reading a book. Do you like apples? I don't like apples. I have learned 3000 words. I will go to Beijing next month. I can play basketball. + doing/ done/to do +动词原形 +done +动词原形 +动词原形 动词的时态 “时”指动作发生的时间； “态”指动作的方式状态。 “过去时”；“现在时”；“将来时”“过去将来时”； “一般式”；“进行式”；“完成式”“完成进行式”； 动词的时态 英语中共16种时态，2种语态(主动和被动)，高中阶段要求掌握常见的10种时态及它们的被动语态。 时间 状态 一般 进行 完成 完成进行 现在 一般现在时 do/does 现在进行时 am/is/are doing 现在完成时 have/has done 现在完成进行时 have/has been doing 过去 一般过去时 did 过去进行时 was/were doing 过去完成时 had done 过去完成进行时 had been doing 将来 一般将来时 will/shall do 将来进行时 will/shall be doing 将来完成时 will/shall have done 将来完成进行时 will/shall have been doing 过去将来 过去将来时  would/should do 过去将来进行时 would/should be doing 过去将来完成时 would/should have done 过去将来完成进行时 would/should have been doing …… …… 1.一般现在时 2.一般过去时 3.一般将来时 4.现在进行时 5.过去进行时 6.将来进行时 8.过去完成时 9.将来完成时 11.过去完成进行时 12.过去将来时 ① ② ③ ④ ⑤ ⑥ ⑦ ⑧ ⑨ ⑩ ⑫ ⑪ 现 在 将 来 过 去 7.现在完成时 10.现在完成进行时 时态 例句 1.一般现在时：*** I do my homework every day 2.一般过去时：*** I did my homework yesterday. 3.一般将来时*** I will do my homework tomorrow. 4.过去将来时： I said I would do my homework the next day. 5.现在进行时：*** I am doing my homework now. 6.过去进行时:*** I was doing homework when you came. 7.将来进行时 ： I will be doing my homework at this time tomorrow. 8.过去将来进行时 I said I would be doing my homework at that time the next day. 时态 例句 9.现在完成时：*** I have done my homework by now. 10过去完成时：*** I had done my homework before you came. 11将来完成时 I will have done my homework by next Friday. 12过去将来完成时： I said I would have done my homework by next Friday. 13现在完成进行时:*** I have been doing my homework for 3 hours. 14过去完成进行时： I had been doing my homework before my mom came. 15将来完成进行时 I will have been doing my homework for 3 days by the end of the week. 16过去将来完成进行时 I would have been doing my homework for 3 days by the end of the next week. 动词的时态 1. 一般现在时 构成：动词原形/动词的第三人称单数形式(do/does)或be动词(am/is/are) 形式：v. 原形 / 第三人称单数 （do / does） 1.表示经常性、习惯性发生的动作或存在的状态 A hard job usually needs great patience. We are friends. 温馨提示　常与一般现在时连用的时间状语有： ①频度副词：never从不、seldom很少、sometimes有时、often经常、usually通常、always总是; ②其他时间状语：once in a while偶尔、once a week一周一次、twice a month每月两次、from time to time时不时、at weekends在周末、every day/week/month/year每天/周/月/年等。 1. 一般现在时 2.表示永恒（科学事实、客观真理、名言警句） Knowledge comes from practice. The earth moves around the sun. 3. 一般现在时表将来 1. come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等的一般现在时可表示将来，主要用于时间表上已安排好的事情。 The train (leave) at six tomorrow morning. The bus starts in ten minutes. leaves 1. 一般现在时 3. 一般现在时表将来 2. 主将从现（时间、条件状语从句） I will discuss this with you when we meet next time. If you leave next week, I will see you off at the airport. 从句 2. 一般过去时 (1)构成：动词的过去式(did)或be动词(was/were) 形式：v. 过去式 （did） 1. 表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态 I was a boy. She had a boyfriend. 温馨提示　常与一般过去时连用的时间状语有: ①具体时间词:yesterday昨天、yesterday morning/afternoon/evening昨天早上/下午/晚上、once曾经等; ②其他时间状语:last night/year昨晚/去年、a few days ago几天前、the other day几天前、at that time当时、at that moment在那一刻、just now刚刚、in 2005在2005年、in the old days在过去的岁月里等。 2. 一般过去时 2. 其他结构：used to do/ would do 表示过去经常发生的动作 I used to smoke every night. She would _____(go) to her mother’s grave during every summer. go 侧重今昔对比 侧重回忆过去 3.一般将来时 表示将来某一时段的动作或状态，或将来某一段时间内经常的动作或状态。常用的时间状语： 1.next time/year/month/week 2.tomorrow 3.tomorrow evening 4.in the future 5.next year 6.in+一段时间(in two days) 7.when/as soon as/if引导的状语从句中的主句 8.in 2050 3. 一般将来时 一般将来时的多种表示形式 （1） will + do He will be 17 next year. （2）be going to + do I am going to stay for a week. （3）is/am/are+doing现在进行时表将来 We are leaving for Germany next week. （4）be+ to do表将来 （5）be + about to do 3. 一般将来时 1. 表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态 标志性的时间状语：tomorrow 、in the future、next year、next time、in+时间段、after+时间点 e.g. 下周我要开始减肥 I will start to lose weight next week. = I am going to lose weight next week. 3. 一般将来时 1、be about to do 表将来（眼下马上要发生的事情） The film is about to start. 2、be to do sth 表将来 She is to be married next month. Your plan is to be a failure. 2. 其他常用结构 4. 过去将来时 形式：would do was / were going to do 表示从过去某个时间看将要发生的动作或状态 I told Laura that I home the following day. (go) She said she another foreign language.(learn) would go would learn was going to learn 常用于主句是过去时的宾语从句中 I knew you would agree. ↓ 过去时 ↓ 过去将来时 4. 过去将来时 其他结构 1、was / were to do 表过去将来 He said he was to finish the work the next day. 2、was / were about to do sth when … was / were on the point of doing sth when … 刚要做某事，这时突然… I was about to go out when a friend dropped in. We were on the point of leaving when it started to rain. 动词的时态 动词的时态 [点拨] 5. 现在进行时 形式：am / is /are doing ① 表示说话时正在进行的动作或存在的状态， 常与now、at this moment等连用 It’s raining outside. She is to the teacher carefully now. listening ①表示说话时正在进行的动作或存在的状态 ②表示现阶段正在进行的动作或存在的状态,但说话时动作不一定在进行 5. 现在进行时 ② 表示目前一段时间内在做某一件事，但说话时未必在做， 常与these days、this week等连用 I’m reading a work by Lu Xun this month. He is teaching in a middle school. 进行时与always、constantly、continually、forever等副词连用时，往往表达说话者生气、赞扬、同情、不满、好奇等情感。 She is constantly disturbing me. Maria is always thinking of others instead of herself. 6. 过去进行时 表示过去某个时刻正在进行的动作 时间状语： 1.at that time 2.at ten o'clock last night 3.this time yesterday 4 be doing sth when... She was reading at this time yesterday. When you phoned, I was watching a movie. 6. 过去进行时 形式：was / were doing 表示过去某一时刻或某段时间内正在进行的动作， I was preparing the lessons this time yesterday. He was reading a novel when I came in. 温馨提示　有些动词(短语)通常不用于进行时态。 ①感官动词:see、hear、feel、smell、sound、taste、notice等; ②表示情感、想法的动词:love、like、hate、understand、believe、think(认为)、mind、agree等; ③表示状态的动词(短语):have、want、own、possess、seem、belong to等; ④非延续性动词:accept、allow、decide、give、receive、promise等。 7. 将来进行时 (1)构成:will/shall be doing (2)用法:表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作或存在的状态,或按计划、安排将要发生 的事情。常用的时间状语有soon、then、in two days、this time tomorrow、tomorrow morning、at 9:00 next Monday、from 10:00 to 11:00 tomorrow、the day after tomorrow 等。 I will be waiting for you at the school gate then.届时我将在学校大门口等你。 This time tomorrow we'll be sitting in the cinema and watching a film. 明天这个时候我们将坐在电影院里看电影。 动词的时态 8. 现在完成时 (1)构成:have/has+过去分词(done) now past future 现在完成时：借古讽今 have/has done It has been / is + 一段时间+ since+did 自从…以来已经过去多久 It has been 10 years since he was a doctor. It is 10 years since he died. It is two years since he lived in Hangzhou. It is two years since he left Hanzhou. 8. 现在完成时 现在完成时常用时间状语： 1.just刚刚 2.already已经 3.ever曾经 4.recently最近 5.never从不 6.yet 还,仍然 7.twice两次 8.so far到目前为止 9.up to now到目前为止 10.since+时间点（自从...） 11.for+时间段(for a long time)一段时间 12.in/over the last/past5 years在过去的5年时间里 8. 现在完成时 ① 表示过去发生的动作，对现在造成了影响 I saw the movie. I have seen the movie. I got married. I have got married. ② 表示动作从过去延续到现在 I have learned English for ten years/since 10 years ago. I have lived in Hangzhou for six years/since six years ago. 标志性时间状语：by +时间词, lately、recently、in the past / last few years、up to now、so far、since+某一时刻、for+时间段 8. 现在完成时 ② 表示动作从过去延续到现在 到现在为止，他已经写了八本书 He has written 8 books so far. 在过去几年中，我的家乡发生了巨变 In the past few years, my hometown has changed a lot. 瞬间性动词的现在完成时不可与一段时间连用，若要连用需要变换成对应的延续性动词。 die→ be dead leave/go→ be away join→be in begin→be on fall ill→ be ill finish→ be over come→be return→be back borrow→keep buy→have marry→ be married make friends -be friends 9. 过去完成时 表示在过去某一时刻或动作之前已经完成的动作，即 “过去的过去”；通常以一般过去时作参照。 句中常含有：by/before+过去, by last year, by the end of 1998, by the time +过去 That/It was the first/second/third... time +that 从句(过去完成时) is (现在完成时) now past future 一般过去时 过去完成时 B A 9. 过去完成时 now past future 表示过去/将来某一时刻前完成的动作，对过去/将来这一时刻产生影响 I have seen the movie. 现在完成时：借古讽今 从古至今 have/has done 过去完成时 had done 将来完成时 will have done 过完→ 将完→ I had seen the movie. I will have seen the movie. × × I had seen the movie when she invited me. I will have seen the movie when she arrives in Beijing. 10. 现在完成进行时 (1)构成:have/has been doing (2)用法:表示从过去某时开始的动作一直持续到现在,这个动作可能刚刚结束,也可能 仍在继续,强调动作的持续过程。 It has been raining heavily all day.大雨下了一整天了。 You are out of breath. Have you been running?你气喘吁吁的,你刚刚一直在跑步吗? now past future 现在完成进行时 have/has been doing 过去完成进行时 had been doing 将来完成进行时 will have been doing 11. 过去完成进行时 构成：“had been+现在分词(doing)” 表示：从过去的过去开始，持续到过去的动作。 The old clock had been being taken apart of and fixed up again for several times by my 10-year- old son before I came back home 12. 将来完成进行时 构成：“will have been+现在分词(doing)” 表示：表示一个动作延续到将来某个时间,期间一直有规律在进行、不曾间断,并且有可能继续延续下去。 By the end of next month, they will have been working for 3 years. 动词的语态 — 主动语态和被动语态 1. 主动语态用于主动句，表示主语是动作的执行者； The mouse eats the cheese. 2. 被动语态用于被动句，表示主语是动作的承受者。 The cheese is eaten by the mouse. 被动语态基本结构：be + done (by) be 有______、____和______的的变化 数 人称 时态 动词的语态 时态　　 现在 过去 将来 过去将来 一般 is/am/ are done was/were done will/shall be done would/ should be done 进行 is/am/are being done was/were being done － － 完成 have/has been done had been done will/shall have been done would/ should have been done 动词的语态 一般现在时 过去式 现在分词 过去分词 be的形式 被动语态结构：be ＋ done am/is/are being been 一般现在时： done You are required to do this 一般过去时： done The story was told by her. 一般将来时： done The problem will be discussed tomorrow 现在进行时： done The road is being widened 过去进行时： done The new tool was being made 现在完成时： done The novel has been read 过去完成时： done He said that the work had been finished 过去将来时： done He said that the trees would be planted am/is/are was/were will be am/is/are being was/were being have/has been had been would be 三步走 was/were 各种时态的被动语态： 动词的语态 1. I my homework every day. 2. I my homework yesterday. 3. I my homework now. 4. I my homework when you arrived. 5. I my homework tomorrow. 6. I my homework the next day. 7. I my homework alright. 8. I my homework before you arrived. do did am doing was doing will do would do have done had done 一般现在时 一般过去时 现在进行时 过去完成时 现在完成时 过去将来时 过去进行时 一般将来时 动词的语态 一些特殊的被动结构 1)带情态动词的被动结构: 含有情态动词： done 2)带不定式的被动结构: Someone is going to paint the room. The room is going to be painted (by someone). We need to do the homework with care. The homework needs to be done with care (by us). 情态动词 ＋be 这个问题必须尽快解决。 The problem must be solved soon. 动词的语态 带双宾语的句子的被动语态 常见的后接双宾语的动词有: to: give...to, teach...to; 改为:______________,______________ for: make...for, buy...for 改为:_______________,_______________ 带双宾语的句子变被动语态有两种变法： ①用“人”当主语时,_________照抄下来。 ②用“物”当主语时，在保留的间接宾语(人)前必须加____或____. 加_____或_____由前面的动词决定。 直接宾语 to for to for be given to be taught to be made for be bought for 动词的语态 含宾语补足语的被动语态 在一感____ 二听________ 、 _____ 三让___、 ______、 _____ 四看____ 、_____、 ______、_____ 这十大动词后跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语,但改成被动语态时，必需带to,以便隔开两个动词。 feel listen to hear let make have see watch notice look 动词的语态 含有短语的主动语态改为被动语态时 后面的介词不能丢。 They take good care of my child. _______ ___________________. I turned off the radio. ________ ______________ _______. My child The radio was turned off (by me) is taken good care of 动词的语态 注意点： 表示“据说”“相信”的词组 It is said that... 据说 It is reported that... 据报道 It is believed that... 大家相信 It is hoped that... 大家希望 It is well known that... 众所周知 It is thought that... 大家认为 It is suggested that... 据建议 人们认为网购有许多优点。 众所周知，外卖有许多优点。 动词的难点 主动形式表示被动意义的4种情况 系动词，如：smell，taste，feel，look，sound，prove等后接形容词作表语，用主动形式表示被动意义。 This kind of wool shirt feels soft.这种羊毛衫摸起来很软。 表示主语的某种属性特征或功能的动词，如：read，write，sell，wash，clean等，常与well，badly，easily，smoothly等副词连用，用主动形式表示被动意义。 Have you bought the book that sells well these days？你买了最近销售得很好的那本书了吗？ 某些与can’t，won’t等连用的不及物动词，如open，shut，move等，用主动形式表示被动意义。 The door won’t shut. 这扇门关不上。 少数不及物动词用于进行时，其主动形式表示被动意义，如print，cook，sell等。 The meat is cooking. 肉正在炖着。 动词的难点 spend的宾语通常是金钱或时间,句型: sb.+ spend+时间/金钱+ on sth/in doing sth. take的主语通常是事情,句型: sth./it+take+sb.+时间+to do. (如果是动作则常用it作形式主语将动词不定式后移) cost的宾语通常是时间、金钱,句型: sth.+cost+sb.+时间/金钱 pay的宾语通常是金钱,句型: sb.+pay+金钱+for+事物。如: spend sb.+ spend+时间/金钱+ on sth sb.+ spend+时间/金钱 (in) doing sth She spent the whole night reading the novel. take sth./it+take+(sb.)+时间+to do sth. This job will take me two days. It will take me two days to do the job. cost sth.+cost+sb.+时间/金钱 How much does a house like this cost? pay sb.+pay+金钱+for+sth. I paid him twenty dollars for the book. 动词的难点 be made of 指从制成品中可以看得出原材料. be made from 指从制成品中可以看不出原材料 be made into表示“被制成……” be made of “物理变化” The desk is made of wood and metal. be made from “化学变化” This kind of paper is made from bamboo. be made into “＋成品” This piece of cloth can be made into a curtain. be made in “产地” Computers are made in these cities. be made by “制造者” This kite was made by Uncle Wang. be made for “制造目的” A big bag was made for me to hold my waste things. be made in表达被制造的地点; be made by表达制造的人; be made for表达被制造的目的。 动词的难点 be used for+名词/代词或动名词; be used to+动词原形,表示两个短语意思相近,表示“用于……” used to+动词原形,表示“过去常常”,定式可以是“didn' t use to”也可以是“ usedn't to” get/be used to+动名词,表示“习惯于……”。如: be used for＋sth (名词/代词或动名词) 被用于…… A knife can be used for cutting things. be used to+do (动词原形) 被用于…… A knife can be used to cut things. get/be used to+doing (动名词) 习惯于…… He is used to getting up early in the morning. used to+do (动词原形) 过去常常 He used to borrow novels from the library when he was at school. 2025年 初升高衔接课程 专题九 英语 谢谢 聆听 $$ 专题09 初升高衔接动词的时态和语态 一、单项选择 1. I ______ to the cinema last night. The film ______ really interesting. A. go; is B. went; was C. have gone; is D. will go; was 2. —What ______ you ______ at this time yesterday? — I ______ my homework. A. did; do; did B. are; doing; am doing C. were; doing; was doing D. do; do; do 3. This kind of car ______ in Japan. A. makes B. made C. is making D. is made 4. I ______ my homework, and now I am watching TV. A. finish B. finished C. have finished D. will finish 5. By the time I got to the station, the train ______. A. left B. has left C. had left D. leaves 6. Look! The boys ______ football on the playground. A. play B. played C. are playing D. have played 7. If it ______ tomorrow, we ______ to the park. A. rains; won't go B. will rain; won't go C. rains; go D. will rain; go 8. The work ______ in two hours. A. will finish B. will be finished C. is finished D. finishes 9. He said he ______ to see us when he ______ free. A. will come; is B. would come; was C. will come; was D. would come; is 10. The students ______ an English class when the teacher came in. A. have B. had C. are having D. were having 二、用所给动词的适当形式填空 1. My father ______ (work) in the factory for twenty years. 2. Listen! Someone ______ (knock) at the door. 3. The old man ______ (die) ten years ago. 4. We ______ (visit) the Great Wall next week. 5. The book ______ (write) by Lu Xun. 6. I ______ (not see) him since last year. 7. When I got home, my mother ______ (cook) dinner. 8. She ______ (be) to Beijing three times. 9. If you ______ (not hurry), you will be late. 10. The bridge ______ (build) in 2000. 三、语法填空 1. So far, great changes ______ (take) place in my hometown. 2. The computer doesn't work. It ______ (repair) now. 3. He told me that he ______ (go) to the park the next day. 4. Look at the dark clouds. It ______ (rain). 5. This is the first time that I ______ (hear) him sing. 6. When I arrived at the cinema, the film ______ (begin). 7. The students ______ (ask) to clean their classrooms every day. 8. She ______ (read) a book when I came into the room. 9. By the end of last year, he ______ (learn) about 2,000 English words. 10. The meeting ______ (hold) in the hall tomorrow. 四、句型转换 1. They built the bridge last year.（改为被动语态） The bridge ______ ______ by them last year. 2. She is writing a letter now.（改为被动语态） A letter ______ ______ ______ by her now. 3. He has finished his homework.（改为一般疑问句） ______ he ______ his homework? 4. They will visit the museum next week.（改为否定句） They ______ ______ the museum next week. 5. I was doing my homework at 8:00 last night.（对划线部分提问） ______ were you ______ at 8:00 last night? 五、翻译句子 1. 他每天都打篮球。 He ______ basketball every day. 2. 这个故事听起来很有趣。 The story ______ very interesting. 3. 我的自行车被偷了。 My bike ______ ______ stolen. 4. 当我到家时，妈妈正在做饭。 When I got home, my mother ______ ______ dinner. 5. 到目前为止，我已经读了五本书。 So far, I ______ ______ five books. 答案 一、单项选择 1. B。last night是过去时间，用一般过去时，两个空都用过去式。 2. C。at this time yesterday是过去进行时的标志，问句和答句都用过去进行时。 3. D。汽车是“被制造”，用被动语态，一般现在时的被动语态结构是am/is/are + done 。 4. C。“已经完成作业，现在在看电视”，强调过去动作对现在的影响，用现在完成时。 5. C。“我到达车站”是过去的动作，“火车离开”发生在“我到达”之前，即“过去的过去”，用过去完成时。 6. C。Look!是现在进行时的标志，用are playing 。 7. A。if引导的条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”原则，从句用一般现在时rains，主句用一般将来时won't go 。 8. B。work和finish之间是被动关系，“两小时后将被完成”，用一般将来时的被动语态will be finished 。 9. B。主句said是过去时，宾语从句要用相应的过去时态，用would come；when引导的时间状语从句也用过去时was 。 10. D。when引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时，主句表示过去某个时间点正在进行的动作，用过去进行时were having 。 二、用所给动词的适当形式填空 1. has worked。for twenty years是现在完成时的标志，主语是第三人称单数，用has worked 。 2. is knocking。Listen! 表明动作正在进行，用现在进行时is knocking 。 3. died。ten years ago是一般过去时的标志，用过去式died 。 4. will visit。next week是一般将来时的标志，用will visit 。 5. was written。书是“被写”，用被动语态，根据语境用一般过去时的被动语态was written 。 6. haven't seen。since last year是现在完成时的标志，否定形式用haven't seen 。 7. was cooking。when引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时，主句用过去进行时was cooking 。 8. has been。“去过某地几次”用have/has been to，主语是第三人称单数，用has been 。 9. don't hurry。if引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时，否定形式用don't hurry 。 10. was built。in 2000是过去时间，桥是“被建造”，用一般过去时的被动语态was built 。 三、语法填空 1. have taken。So far是现在完成时的标志，用have taken 。 2. is being repaired。now表明动作正在进行，电脑是“被修理”，用现在进行时的被动语态is being repaired 。 3. would go。主句told是过去时，宾语从句用过去将来时would go 。 4. is going to rain。根据“乌云”判断即将下雨，用be going to结构表示有迹象要发生的事情，it是第三人称单数，用is going to rain 。 5. have heard。This is the first time that...结构中，从句用现在完成时have heard 。 6. had begun。“我到达”是过去的动作，“电影开始”发生在“我到达”之前，用过去完成时had begun 。 7. are asked。students和ask之间是被动关系，用一般现在时的被动语态are asked 。 8. was reading。when引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时，主句用过去进行时was reading 。 9. had learned。By the end of last year是过去完成时的标志，用had learned 。 10. will be held。tomorrow是一般将来时的标志，会议是“被举行”，用一般将来时的被动语态will be held 。 四、句型转换 1. was built 2. is being written 3. Has; finished 4. won't visit 5. What; doing 五、翻译句子 1. plays 2. sounds 3. has been 4. was cooking 5. have read 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$