UNIT 3 SECTION 4 LESSON 2-【创新教程】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第一册五维课堂Word课时作业（北师大版2019）

[基础性] Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．It really doesn't have to be big. As a matter of fact you should always have realistic (实际的) expectations. 2．This is an innovative (新颖的) approach to language teaching. 3．They will hold a council (委员会) to discuss the proposal. 4．I have trouble using chopsticks (筷子)correctly in China. 5．We packed the books in a large carton (塑料盒)． 6．He loaned the museum his entire collection (收藏品)． 7．If you're a loner, it's time to come out of your shell (贝壳) and make some small talk with a stranger. 8．The first kind of air transportation (运输方式) was the balloon. 9．That piece of dirt (灰尘) is out of your eye now. 10．They can't treat me like that; I'm not going to swallow (吞下) it. Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．One of the liveliest talks was about the arguments (argue) they had with their parents. 2．The energy shortage of the world results partly from wasteful (waste) use by the industrialized countries. 3．Children will have enough time to catch the school bus, and the husband will never forget to change his dirty (dirt) shirt. 4．Have a handy container prepared, such as a refillable (refill) bottle you can take with you. 5．Our government should strive to launch campaigns to raise people's awareness (aware) of the preservation. 6．In the museum, we can see many ancient collections (collect) related to Confucius. 7．Mr Rose calmly shared his rule in life with all the reporters who were anxiously (anxious) awaiting his reply. 8．These environmentally (environmental) smart ideas will turn your home lawn into a small garden. 9．He struck me as a very serious but friendly (friend) person. 10．Mobile payment has won over consumers (consume) with its convenience. [应用性] Ⅲ.完成句子 1. It is stupid to make the same mistake twice. 两次犯同样的错误是愚蠢的。 2．He has few friends so that his life is lonely. 他的朋友很少，因此他的生活非常孤单。 3．You can't be too careful when driving . 开车时越小心越好。 4．In times like these, isn't it a good thing to be fat? 这个年头儿，发胖不好么？ 5. That sounds fantastic. Where do I go to sign up for that tour? 那听起来好极了。我到哪里去报名参加呢？ [综合性] Ⅰ.阅读理解 A Most of the sandstorms that had swept China last year originated from foreign land, a Chinese official in charge of desertification control said on Monday. And the invasions (入侵) could partly explain the frequent sandstorms in the country in recent years despite its achievements in desertification control. Since the start of last spring, the north and northwestern Chinese regions had been hit by 17 sandstorms, of which, a dozen came from foreign land. Situated in the central­Asia sandstorm region, one of the world's four largest sandstorm sources, China also suffers from sandstorms from outside the country while being blamed as a sand source to northeast Asia. The other three major sources are in Africa, North America and Australia. The land suffering from desertification has been decreasing by 7,585 km2 annually in China, and the area of sandy land has also been falling by 1,284 km2 a year. The shrinkage (收缩) forms a clear contrast to the fact that the land suffering from desertification and sandy feature was added by 10,400 km2 and 3,436 km2 late last century, respectively. Currently, the desertification land in China makes up 2.64 million km2, accounting for 27.46 percent of the nation's land, and its sandy land totals 1.74 million km2, accounting for 18.1 percent of the country's total. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了去年席卷中国的沙尘暴大多来自国外的事实，并介绍了我国目前土地荒漠化及沙地现状。 1．What does the underlined word “decreasing” mean in Paragraph 4? A．Going up.　　　 B．Going down. C．Coming from. D．Taking up. 解析：B　[词义猜测题。根据第四段中的“and the area of sandy land has also been falling by 1,284 km2 a year”可知，沙地面积每年也在减少1,284平方公里，根据句中关键词and和also可知，本句与上句是并列关系，由此可推断出上句中提到的“The land suffering from desertification”也应该是每年减少了7,585平方公里。Going down意为“下降”，符合语境。故选B项。] 2．Where do most of the sandstorms in China come from? A．The northern Chinese regions. B．The northwestern Chinese regions. C．Foreign countries. D．The western part of China. 解析：C　[细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Most of the sandstorms that had swept China last year originated from foreign land, a Chinese official in charge of desertification control said on Monday.”可知，席卷中国的沙尘暴大多来自国外。故选C项。] 3．Which of the following is believed to be the sand source to northeast Asia? A．China. B．Africa. C．Mongolia. D．Australia. 解析：A　[细节理解题。根据第三段中的“China also suffers from sandstorms from outside the country while being blamed as a sand source to northeast Asia”可知，中国被指责为东北亚的沙源。故选A项。] 4．In a magazine，the passage may be found in the column of ________ . A．entertainment B．health C．education D．environment 解析：D　[推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Most of the sandstorms that had swept China last year originated from foreign land, a Chinese official in charge of desertification control said on Monday.”可知，文章介绍了去年席卷中国的沙尘暴大多来自国外的事实。再根据最后一段中的“Currently, the desertification land in China makes up 2.64 million km2, accounting for 27.46 percent of the nation's land”可知，文章介绍了我国目前土地荒漠化及沙地现状，而土地荒漠化及沙地现象都与环境有关，所以本篇文章应该出现在杂志中的“环境”专栏。故选D项。] B Rachel Carson was concerned about what was happening to the environment. So in her book Silent Spring, she warned that some chemicals were poisoning the air, the water, the earth, and all its creatures. She imagined a time when spring would not bring the rebirth of flowers, trees, and the songs of birds. The book became a bestseller, and Ms Carson was in great demand as a speaker. People listened to her because what she said made sense, and because she was a scientist who knew her facts. Rachel Carson was primarily interested in the world of sea and shore, so she became a marine biologist for the government. She studied and recorded facts about the sea's plant and animal life, their special characteristics, and the nature of their environments. In 1951, she wrote The Sea Around Us, which brought her honors, fame, and respect around the world. Ms Carson then devoted herself full­time to research and writing. One thing much on her mind was the effect of modern technology on the natural environment. One day, a distressed friend wrote her to say that a plane spraying (喷洒) DDT had flown over her yard, and the next day several birds lay dead. Carson decided to act. For four years she studied the use of pesticides (杀虫剂) in the United States, and then she wrote Silent Spring. In her book, Ms Carson said that these pesticides would harm much more than insects. She explained that these poisons would pollute the environment. “Even if their effects are not immediately observable, they remain for years in the water and the soil, and they become part of the food eaten by animals and humans.Besides, after a time, insects develop immunity to pesticides，” she said. Recent studies have shown that pesticides can affect human brainwave activity and cause loss of memory and inability to concentrate. We should still remember Rachel Carson's words, “I think we are challenged as we have never been challenged before to prove our mastery, not of nature, but of ourselves.” [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。瑞秋·卡森很关心环境的变化，一直致力于保护环境，她还写了一本书——《寂静的春天》来提高人们的环保意识。 5．Silent Spring is a book that ________ . A．aims to raise people's environmental awareness B．stresses the importance of the cycle of nature C．describes the author's childhood experiences D．asks people to enjoy the beauty of spring 解析：A　[推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Rachel Carson was concerned about what was happening to the environment. So in her book Silent Spring, she warned that some chemicals were poisoning the air, the water, the earth, and all its creatures.”可知，瑞秋·卡森很关心环境的变化。所以在她的书《寂静的春天》中，她警告说，一些化学物质正在毒害空气、水、地球及其所有生物，由此可知，《寂静的春天》是一本旨在提高人们环保意识的书，故A项正确。] 6．What does the underlined word “distressed” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Curious. B．Humorous. C．Excited. D．Worried. 解析：D　[词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“a plane spraying(喷洒) DDT had flown over her yard, and the next day several birds lay dead”可知，一架喷洒杀虫剂的飞机飞过她的院子，结果第二天就有几只鸟死掉了，因此这个朋友一定会闷闷不乐(很担心)，由此可知画线词意为“担心的、闷闷不乐的”，故D项正确。] 7．What can we know about Rachel Carson? A．She became world­famous due to Silent Spring. B．She warned against the use of chemicals to kill insects. C．She had a good knowledge of the planets in the universe. D．She created a system for improving human brainwave activity. 解析：B　[细节理解题。根据第五段中的“In her book, Ms Carson said that these pesticides would harm much more than insects. She explained that these poisons would pollute the environment.”可知，卡森女士在书中说，这些杀虫剂的危害远大于昆虫的危害，她解释说这些毒药会污染环境，再根据“Besides, after a time, insects develop immunity to pesticides”可知，昆虫也会对杀虫剂产生免疫力，由此可知，她警告不要使用化学药品杀虫，故B项正确。] 8．What Rachel Carson said in the last paragraph suggests that ________ . A．we should prove ourselves to be the ruler of this world B．it's a chance for us to prove our mastery of nature C．it's time for us to think about what we have done D．settling on the earth is a challenge for humans 解析：C　[推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，最近的研究表明，杀虫剂会影响人的脑波活动，导致记忆丧失和无法集中注意力，因此瑞秋·卡森说的“我认为我们受到了挑战，因为我们受到前所未有的挑战，去证明我们掌握了自己，而不是掌握了自然”，由此可推断，我们是时候该考虑一下我们的所作所为(不仅对环境，而且还对我们自己造成的影响)了，故C项正确。] Ⅱ.七选五 The Amazon Rainforest：A Natural Treasure Welcome to the Amazon rainforest.As the largest rainforest in the world，it plays a significant role in maintaining the fine balance of the Earth's ecosystem. The Amazon rainforest crosses into eight countries.With an area of around 5.5 million square kilometres，the Amazon rainforest is more than half the size of China.The Amazon River，from which the rainforest gets its name，is about 6,440 kilometres in length.On its journey from the mountains to the ocean，the river supports many different ecosystems. ____1____ . Of the 390,000 plant species known to man，more than 40,000 can be found in the Amazon rainforest.The forest's different levels support an unbelievable variety of wildlife.At the bottom，there is a system of roots beneath the ground.Above that is the mass of leaf litter on the dark forest floor. ____2____ .Then there are the towering ancient hardwoods，and finally the tops of the tallest trees many metres above the ground.Each level of the forest forms its own little world，home to different kinds of living things. More than 1,300 species of birds and over 400 species of mammals hide among the jungle's plant life.The jaguar is one example.It has yellowish­brown coat with black speak.While a significant number of jaguars survive here，they are only one element of this forest's food chain. ____3____ .These frogs，in turn，feed on insects which eat leaves and fruit.When a jaguar dies，a tiny army of microorganisms helps break down its body and return the nutrients to the Earth. The Amazon rainforest breathes life into the planet by fixing carbon and producing over 20 percent of all the Earth's oxygen. ____4____ .Moreover, the Amazon rainforest is a treasure house of species that can be used for food or medicine.Yet there is one major danger to these irreplaceable plants and animals：us. ____5____ .As the impact of human activities such as agriculture and cattle farming continues to grow and the list of species in danger of extinction becomes longer，we are left with a question：can we afford to damage the “lungs of the planet”？ A．They feed on at least 87 species，including frogs B．Thus，it is often known as the “lungs of the planet” C．Rivers tend to be the easiest way to enter the forest D．The next level is made up of shorter plants with large leaves E．They give this area the richest species of plants and animals on the Earth F．Currently the trees in the Amazon rainforest take in around 500 million tonnes of CO2 each year G．Over the past 50 years,17 percent of the rainforest has disappeared due to human activities [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了亚马孙雨林。它是一个自然宝藏，但在过去的50年里，17%的雨林由于人类活动而消失。 1．E　[上文提示“在从山脉到海洋的旅程中，这条河支持着许多不同的生态系统”，E项(它们给这个地区带来了地球上最丰富的动植物物种)对上句进行进一步说明，They指代上文中的many different ecosystems，故选E。] 2．D　[本段第二句提到“The forest's different levels”，根据第三句中的“At the bottom”和第四句中的“Above that”可知此处介绍植被分层，D项(下一层是由长着大叶子的矮植物组成的)符合逻辑。故选D。] 3．A　[根据上文提示“虽然大量的美洲虎在这里生存，但它们只是这片森林的食物链中的一个组成部分”，再根据下文提示“转而，这些青蛙以吃树叶和果实的昆虫为食”可知，A项(它们至少以87种物种为食，包括青蛙)与上下文衔接紧密。故选A。] 4．B　[上文提示“亚马孙雨林通过固定的二氧化碳和生产地球上20%以上的氧气给地球注入活力”可推断，B项(因此，它经常被称为“地球的肺”)符合逻辑。故选B。F项是本题的干扰项，前后文都在介绍The Amazon rainforest，且后面提到了B项中的“lungs of the planet”，前后联系，B项比F项更合适。] 5．G　[根据下文提示“随着农业和养牛等人类活动的影响持续增长，濒临灭绝的物种的名单越来越长，我们面临一个问题：我们能承担得起破坏‘地球的肺’的后果吗？”可知，本段介绍了人类活动对热带雨林的影响，G项(在过去的50年里，17%的雨林由于人类活动而消失)符合语境。故选G。] Ⅲ.语法填空 Climate change has caused a rise in sea level. This has increased the amount of salt in fresh water 1. ________ (use) on coastal farms. As a result, farmers are 2. ________ (gradual) unable to use fields close to the sea. However, Marc Van Rijsselberghe, a farmer in the Netherlands is now using a 3. ________ (mix) of sea and fresh water 4. ________ (grow) healthy and tasty vegetables. He teamed up with scientists from the Free University of Amsterdam and divided a farm 5. ________ eight irrigated (灌溉) areas. Separate pipes pumped fresh and sea water, and 6. ________ computer programme created water with eight levels of salinity(含盐度)． The water levels and the levels of salinity were controlled by computerised measuring devices called “sensors”．Mr Van Rijsselberghe said he was able to harvest vegetables from most of the eight test areas. He said the 7. ________ (vegetable) were smaller than those grown in fresh water. But he said they also had more sugar and salt, so they tasted much 8. ________ (good)． He found that potatoes grew better than the other vegetables in the combination of sea and fresh water. Mr Van Rijsselberghe said four kinds of these potatoes were sent to Pakistan last year 9. ________ thousands of hectares of land 10. ________ (damage) by salinisation (盐渍化)． [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了气候变化引起海平面的升高，导致靠近海边的耕地无法耕种。 1．used　[考查过去分词。句中已有谓语动词has increased，所以设空处应用非谓语动词；且fresh water与所给提示词use之间为被动关系，故应用过去分词作后置定语。故填used。] 2．gradually　[考查副词。分析句子成分可知，设空处作状语。故填gradually。] 3．mixture　[考查名词。空前有冠词a，所以设空处应用名词。a mixture of...意为“……的混合物”。故填mixture。] 4．to grow　[考查动词不定式。use sth.to do sth.意为“使用某物做某事”。故填to grow。] 5．into　[考查介词。divide...into...意为“把……分成……”，为固定搭配。故填into。] 6．a　[考查冠词。programme是可数名词，单独使用时前面应加冠词；此处表示泛指，应用不定冠词。故填a。] 7．vegetables　[考查名词复数。设空处作宾语从句的主语，根据空后的谓语动词were可知应用名词复数。故填vegetables。] 8．better　[考查形容词的比较级。根据前面的“more sugar and salt”和此处语境可知，这里也在进行比较，且空前有much修饰，所以应用比较级。故填better。] 9．where　[考查定语从句。设空处引导定语从句，从句中缺少地点状语，故应用关系副词where。故填where。] 10．was damaged　[考查动词的时态和语态。设空处是定语从句的谓语动词，根据上文时态和此处语境可知应用一般过去时；且land与所给提示词damage之间为被动关系，所以应用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was damaged。] 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$