UNIT 3 SECTION 3 GRAMMAR-【创新教程】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第一册五维课堂Word课时作业（北师大版2019）

[基础性] Ⅰ.用关系代词或关系副词填空 1．Occasions are quite rare when my parents share their opinions with me. 2．Can you tell me a situation where body language is the only form of communication? 3．I, who am your closest friend, will always support you. 4．We went through a period when communication is difficult in the earthquake stricken area. 5．It is reported that two schools, both of which are being built in our hometown, will open next year. 6．Mark was a student at this university from 1999 to 2003, during which time he studied hard and was elected chairman of the Students' Union. 7．In China there is mid­autumn festival, when people admire the moon and give gifts of mooncakes. 8．Signs and posters should be put up in areas where smoking is not allowed. 9．He is one of the students who are good at classical music. 10．The rain washed away the track, which prevented the train from running. [应用性] Ⅱ.完成句子 1．I will never forget the autumn when I went to the Fragrant Hill to see the red leaves with you. 我将不会忘记和你一起去香山看红叶的那个秋天。 2. As the teacher told me yesterday, we should be confident of our future. 正像老师昨天说的那样，我们要对未来充满信心。 3．In our class, we have some students whose compositions are well written . 我们班有很多作文写得好的学生。 4．This is the most impressive TV play that has never been put on show before. 这是一部以前从未上映过的给人印象最深刻的电视剧。 5．Hard work is the only way that leads to your success. 努力工作是引导你成功的唯一办法。 6．The sun heats the earth, which makes it possible for plants to grow. 太阳温暖了地球，使得万物得以生长。 7．I will keep you informed if the place where we're to have the Speech Contest is decided. 如果我们举办演讲比赛的地点定下来，我会通知你的。 8．This is the painter whose house a lot of pictures were stolen from. 这就是那位家里有许多画被盗的画家。 9．The bridge on which they were standing collapsed. 他们站在上面的那座桥倒塌了。 10．The child was addicted to computer games, which worried his parents very much . 这孩子沉迷于玩电脑游戏，这使得他父母很担心。 [综合性] Ⅰ.阅读理解 A Corals are live animals that take root in the ocean floor, but they don't belong to plants. Coral reefs (珊瑚礁) are the hard bones left at the bottom of the sea by small creatures called polyps (珊瑚虫). The polyps then form the larger structure of a reef. Coral provides a home for a number of sea creatures, such as fish and sea snakes. A new report released by the government in Australia shows ocean sediment (沉积物) and chemicals can weaken the coral, hurting its ability to feed and develop. What's worse, the water quality in the Great Barrier Reef is far below what it should be. The report assessed the condition of the reef. It claimed that chemicals and pollution have decreased to some extent, but not enough to reach environmental targets.It's clear that previous attempts to protect the Great Barrier Reef are failing. Steve Miles，Queensland's environment minister, says, “Over that five­year period, we did make some progress towards the targets. Sediment is down by 12 percent and chemicals are down by 30 percent. What is most disturbing is that the results are actually far from the goals though the government has put a lot of money into the protection of the reef. Besides, progress towards the targets almost flatlined last year. If one of my kids came home with a report card like this, I would be a bit disappointed.” It is reported that fewer than one­third of Queensland's sugar plantations rely on techniques to reduce the use of chemicals. Only 28 percent of landowners manage their land properly. They have reduced harmful water runoff on the way to the Great Barrier Reef so as to safeguard the health of the reef. The official target is a 90 percent reduction in chemical use within three years. Farmers say they are going to use more environmentally friendly practices as soon as possible. 1．What do we know about coral? A．It does great harm to the polyps. B．It is a member of the plant family. C．It usually moves freely in the water. D．It provides shelter for many sea creatures. 2．What can we learn from the new report? A．Chemicals can help the coral grow well. B．Pollution in Australia becomes more serious. C．The water in the Great Barrier Reef is perfect. D．The Great Barrier Reef needs further protection. 3．What does Steve Miles think of the protection of the reef? A．It's a waste of money and time. B．The results are not very satisfying. C．The measures have no effect at all. D．The biggest progress was made last year. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．Living things in the Great Barrier Reef. B．New findings about the Great Barrier Reef. C．The Great Barrier Reef suffers from pollutants. D．Different ways to protect the Great Barrier Reef. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。澳大利亚政府评估了大堡礁的水质状况。报告显示，大堡礁的污染已经有所减少，但是其水质尚未达到环境指标。 1．D　[细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Coral provides a home for a number of sea creatures，such as fish and sea snakes.”可知，珊瑚为海洋生物提供栖息之地。故选D。] 2．D　[推理判断题。根据第二段中的“It claimed that chemicals and pollution have decreased to some extent，but not enough to reach environmental targets.It's clear that previous attempts to protect the Great Barrier Reef are failing.”可知，澳大利亚政府的报告显示，尽管污染有所减少，但是大堡礁的水质尚未达到环境指标。很显然，先前保护大堡礁的努力是失败的。由此可推测，大堡礁需要得到进一步的保护。故选D。] 3．B　[细节理解题。根据第三段中史蒂夫·迈尔斯说的话“What is most disturbing is that the results are actually far from the goals...I would be a bit disappointed.”可知，尽管政府投入了大量资金保护大堡礁，但是取得的成绩离目标尚远，而且去年几乎没有取得任何进展，这令他有些失望。因此，史蒂夫·迈尔斯认为对大堡礁的保护并不令人十分满意。故选B。] 4．C　[主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲了澳大利亚政府对大堡礁的水质状况进行了评估，这一评估报告显示，大堡礁的污染已经有所减少，但是其水质尚未达到环境指标。所以C项“大堡礁受到污染”符合文意。故选C。] B In the past 50 years, the amount of water in the open ocean with zero oxygen has gone up more than fourfold. In coastal waters, including river mouths and seas, low­oxygen sites have increased more than tenfold since 1950.Scientists expect oxygen to continue decreasing even outside these zones as Earth warms. “Oxygen is fundamental to life in the oceans，”said Denise Breitburg, a marine ecologist from the Smithsonian Environmental Research Center. “The decline in ocean oxygen ranks among the most serious effects of human activities on the Earth's environment. Actually, it's a mass loss to all the support services that rely on recreation and tourism, including hotels and restaurants and taxi drivers and everything else.The reverberations (影响) of unhealthy ecosystems in the ocean can be extensive.” In areas traditionally called “dead zones”，like those in the Chesapeake Bay and the Gulf of Mexico, oxygen plummets (速降) to such low levels that many animals die. As fish avoid these zones, their habitats become smaller and they're easier to be attacked or caught. But the problem goes far beyond “dead zones”．Even the smaller oxygen decline can prevent growth in animals, hinder reproduction and lead to disease or even death.It can also cause the release of dangerous chemicals such as nitrous oxide，a greenhouse gas up to 300 times more powerful than carbon dioxide. While some animals can boom in “dead zones”， overall biodiversity falls. Climate change is the key criminal in the open ocean. Warming surface waters make it harder for oxygen to reach the inside of the ocean. Furthermore, as the ocean as a whole gets warmer, it holds less oxygen. In coastal waters, too much nutrient pollution from land creates algal blooms, which use up oxygen as they die and break down. People's livelihoods are also on the line, the scientists reported, especially in developing nations. Smaller fisheries (渔场) may be unable to relocate when low oxygen destroys their harvests or forces fish to move elsewhere. So we humans have to carry on a war now and win the war. 5．What does the first paragraph mainly talk about? A．The ocean has been losing its oxygen. B．The amount of sea water is increasing. C．The coastal waters are dangerous. D．Earth becomes warmer and warmer. 6．What can we infer from Denise Breitburg's words? A．Different oceans have different levels of oxygen. B．The decline in ocean oxygen has great influences. C．The future of tourism relies on the levels of ocean oxygen. D．The decrease in ocean oxygen is the most serious environmental problem. 7．How does the “dead zone” affect sea animals? A．It offers more food. B．It forms dangerous gas. C．It reduces their living areas. D．It produces more carbon dioxide. 8．How can we win the war according to the text? A．By closing smaller fisheries. B．By controlling humans' bad activities. C．By improving people's living standards. D．By stopping nutrients entering the ocean. [语篇解读]　本文是说明文。在过去的五十年里，完全缺氧的海水量增加了四倍多，这给海洋生物带来了巨大的损害，各国必须采取措施制止这一现象。 5．A　[主旨大意题。由第一段中的“the amount of water in the open ocean with zero oxygen has gone up more than fourfold...low­oxygen sites have increased more than tenfold since 1950.Scientists expect oxygen to continue decreasing...”可知，本段讲述海洋中的氧气正在减少，故选A。] 6．B　[推理判断题。从第二段中Denise Breitburg说的“The decline in ocean oxygen ranks among the most serious effects of human activities on the Earth's environment.”可以推断海洋中氧气的消失会对地球环境产生巨大影响。] 7．C　[细节理解题。由第三段中的“As fish avoid these zones，their habitats become smaller”可知，因为鱼类要避开这些死亡地带，所以它们的居住地在变小。] 8．B　[推理判断题。由第二段可知，人类活动对海洋造成了影响，因此要控制人类的有害的活动，故选B。] Ⅱ.完形填空 As our Earth's temperature rises because of climate change, it is having unexpected effects on our world's forests. When temperatures rise, trees close their stomata (气孔) to ____1____ the loss of water, and this, in turn, slows down the ____2____ of photosynthesis (光合作用)．As a result, these trees are shorter, grow more slowly, and thus have a ____3____ death rate. Climate change also increases the ____4____ of droughts and wildfires. After wildfires, it takes a long time for the forest system to ____5____ , and in some cases, the forests are ____6____ permanently.Trees under the circumstances are also ____7____ to attacks by bacteria. In tropical forests, vines (藤本植物) that use the trees as ____8____ can often choke the trees and rob them of nutrients. Finally, humans have ____9____ the forest landscape through logging. When trees are replanted in the soil, they might never grow as large as the ____10____ trees that were cut down. As these forests disappear, species that once called them “home” are forced to change, ____11____ the variety of those systems. ____12____ , some endangered species are unable to ____13____ and die.Old­growth forests are disappearing in the regions of our world.When these old­growth forests die, younger forests that are reestablished in the same area will grow back weaker and smaller ____14____ poor vegetation. With trees dying increasingly and continuously, will future generations ____15____ on the wonders of forests? 1．A.protect　　　　　 B．prevent C．save D．free 2．A.movement B．situation C．process D．operation 3．A.higher B．firmer C．lighter D．smaller 4．A.choice B．measure C．qualification D．chance 5．A.grow B．rescue C．recover D．decline 6．A.ignored B．lost C．hurt D．left 7．A.vulnerable B．enjoyable C．acceptable D．favorable 8．A.attention B．command C．trust D．support 9．A.frightened B．paid C．ruined D．wasted 10．A.common B．original C．distant D．strong 11．A.affecting B．improving C．forgetting D．reflecting 12．A.Besides B．Surprisingly C．Otherwise D．Unfortunately 13．A.devote B．keep C．adapt D．lead 14．A.due to B．in addition to C．instead of D．in spite of 15．A.pass out B．miss out C．break out D．bring out [语篇解读]　由于气候变化，地球温度上升，这对世界上的森林产生了意想不到的影响。 1．B　[当温度上升时，树木会关闭气孔，以防止水分流失。故选B。] 2．C　[联系语境并结合常识可知，树木关闭气孔会减慢光合作用的进程。movement“活动”；situation“情况”；process“进程”；operation“操作”。故选C。] 3．A　[根据上文中的“these trees are shorter, grow more slowly”可知，树木更加矮小，生长更加缓慢，因此死亡率也会更高。故选A。] 4．D　[联系语境并结合常识可知，气候变化也增加了干旱和野火发生的可能性。the chance of...“……的可能性”。故选D。] 5．C　[联系语境并结合选项可知，野火焚烧了森林之后，森林系统需要很长时间才能恢复(recover)。故选C。] 6．B　[结合上文可知，野火焚烧了森林，森林需要很长时间来恢复。并且在某些情况下，森林会永远无法恢复。故选B。] 7．A　[根据下文中的“to attacks by bacteria”可知，树木易受到细菌的侵袭。vulnerable“脆弱的，易受……伤害的”。故选A。] 8．D　[根据空前的“vines(藤本植物)that use the trees”并结合常识可知，藤本植物是以树木为支撑的，故D项符合语境。] 9．C　[结合下文中的“the forest landscape through logging”可知，此处指人类伐木已经毁坏了(ruined)森林景观。故选C。] 10．B　[当树木被重新种植在土壤里时，它们可能永远不会长得像原来(original)被砍伐时的树那么大。故选B。] 11．A　[随着这些森林的消失，曾经把它们称为“家”的物种被迫改变，这影响了这些系统的多样性。故选A。] 12．D　[联系语境并结合选项可知，一些濒危物种无法适应而死亡。故Unfortunately“不幸的是”符合文意。] 13．C　[参见上题解析。adapt“适应”。故选C。] 14．A　[当这些原始森林消失时，在同一地区重新建立的较年轻森林由于植被不良，会生长得更弱更小。due to“因为”；in addition to“除了……以外”；instead of“而不是”；in spite of“尽管”。故选A。] 15．B　[联系语境可知，此处表示随着树木不断死亡，子孙后代会错过森林的奇迹吗？miss out“错过”。故选B。] 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$