内容正文:
第14章主谓一致
章
第14
rammar
主谓一致
Agreement
英语
主谓一致
语法
YINGYUYUFA
主调一致指的是句子的调语动词与其主语在人称和数上必须保持一致。主要遵循三个原
则:语法一致原则,意义一致原则和就近一致原则。
知识.网路写读
知识网络提纲挈领
指主语和谓语动词在人称和数上取得一致
语法一致原则
主谓一致的原则
意义一致原则
不依靠语法形式,而是依靠意义来处理一致关系
就近一致原则指谓语动词的人称和数要与它最邻近的名词或代词一致
主谓一致
高考热点
并列主语的主谓一致
单一主语的主谓一致
主谓一致的情况
其他情况
专题,考点國视
核心要点技法突破
一、语法一致
主语和谓语通常是从语法形式上取得一致,即主语是单数形式,谓语动词也采取单数形式;
主语是复数形式,谓语动词也采取复数形式。
语法情况
例句
(2o25·全国二卷)People often feel they are too
busy to volunteer.
人们经常觉得自己太忙了,没有时间做志愿者。
Rice and wheat are grown in China.
中国种植水稻和小麦。
l.主语是由and,both..,and连接的并列
结构
(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Walkers are sure to learn
lots about the habitats and natural world of the
如果主语指的是两个或两个以上的人或物,
Blackstairs.
则谓语动词用复数;不可数名词作主语,谓语
动词用单数。
步行者一定会学到很多关于Blackstairs栖息地
和自然世界的知识。
My fiance(未婚夫)and I were excited about
shopping for our first home.
我和未婚夫对购买我们的第一个家用房子很
兴奋。
·139·
英语语法
语法情况
例句
The students as well as the teacher like the
paintings.
学生和老师都喜欢这些画。
2.当主语后面接由as well as,as much as,in
The students,together with their teacher are
cluding,in addition to,more than,no less
going to have a picnic this weekend.
than,rather than,with,together with等构成
学生们打算这个周末与他们的老师一起去野餐。
的词组时,其谓语动词的形式要依据主语的
The famous musician,as well as his students,
单复数而定。
was invited to perform at the opening ceremony
of the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo.
那位著名的音乐家还有他的学生们被邀请参加
2012年台北花卉展的开幕式表演。
To see is to believe.
眼见为实。
Lying and stealing are immoral.
3.非谓语动词和从句作主语
说谎和偷窃是不道德的。
动词不定式或动词-ing形式作主语时,谓语
That they will win is certain.
动词用单数。若两个或两个以上非谓语动词
他们会赢是确信无疑的。
并列作主语,分指两个或两个以上动作时,谓
Listening to loud music at rock concerts has
语动词用复数形式。
caused hearing loss in some teenagers.
名词性从句作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数
在摇滚音乐会上听大声的音乐已经导致了一些
形式。若两个或两个以上名词性从句并列作
青少年听力的丧失。
主语,谓语动词需用复数形式。
(2023·新课标I卷)Taking responsibility for
mistakes is a positive step,but don't beat your-
self up about them.
对错误负责是积极的一步,但不要为此自责。
4.each和复合不定代词作主语
(2025·全国二卷)Everyone brings something
each some/any/every/no body/one/
unique to the table and can connect with each
other in a new way..每个人都能带来独特的东
thing构成的复合不定代词someone,some
西,并能以新的方式相互联系。
body,something,anyone,anybody,anything,
Each is worse than the one before.
everyone,everybody,everything,no one,no-
body,nothing及the other作主语,谓语动词
一个比一个差。
用单数。
(西安模拟)Someone wants to see you.
有人想见你。
More than one student has read Conan Doyle's
5.more than one/many a+单数名词作主语
Sherlock Holmes.
“more than one/many a十单数名词”作主语
很多学生都看过柯南·道尔的《福尔摩斯》。
时,尽管其意义是复数,但谓语动词还是用单
More than two thousand people have turned out
to welcome the astronaut.
数形式。但“more than十复数名词”或“more
+复数名词十than one'”作主语时,谓语动词
两千多人出来欢迎这位宇航员。
(四川卷)More than half of us admit we lack
要用复数。
willpower.
我们中多于一半的人承认我们缺乏毅力。
·140·
第14章主谓一致
语法情况
例句
6.表示成双的物体的名词作主语
His glasses were broken,so he can't see well.
英语中有些表示成双的物体的名词如:glas
他的眼镜碎了,因此他看不太清楚。
ses眼镜,scissors剪刀,shorts短裤,shoes鞋
His trousers are made of cotton.
子,trousers裤子等作主语,其后的谓语动词
他的裤子是用棉布做的。
用复数形式。
A large amount of damage was done in a short
time.
7.amount和quantity结构作主语
在短时间内就造成了巨大的损失。
“a large amount of-+不可数名词”结构作主
Large amounts of money were spent on the
语时,谓语动词用单数形式;“large amounts
bridge.
of+不可数名词”结构作主语时,谓语动词用
建这座桥花了一大笔钱。
复数形式。类似的结构还有“a large quantity
A large quantity of pure water is needed there.
of+可数/不可数名词”结构(谓语用单数)以
那里需要大量的纯净水。
及“large quantities of+可数/不可数名词”结
Large quantities of water are needed for cooling
构(谓语用复数)。
purpose.
需要大量的水来降温。
[温馨提示]l.若这类名词前有数量词pair,则以pair的单、复数决定动词的形式。如:
Two pairs of trousers are missing.两条裤子不见了。
This pair of shoes is not on sale.这双鞋不出售。
2.由and连接的并列主语,前面分别有each,every,no修饰时,谓语动词用单数。如:
Every boy and every girl has to receive education in our country.
在我国男孩和女孩都得接受教育。
No student and no teacher was invited to the party.
学生和老师没有被邀请参加晚会。
3.当“名词十and十名词”结构表示单一概念时,谓语动词要用单数形式。and所连接的表示单
一概念的短语有很多,现列举几个常见的搭配:
a horse and cart一辆马车
a knife and fork一副刀叉
a watch and chain一块带链的手表
a poet and writer诗人和作家
bread and butter涂有黄油的面包
bread and milk浸在牛奶中的面包块
truthfulness and honesty诚实和正直
war and peace战争与和平
·141·
英语语法
二、意义一致原则
续表
意义一致是指谓语动词与主语的一致取
None of them
has
决于主语所表达的意义。若主语形式上为复
arrived yet at the
数,而意义上是单数,动词要用单数;若主语形
settlement.
式上为单数,而意义上为复数,则动词要用
4.none of和neither
他们中还没有一个
复数。
of后跟复数名词或复
到达住宅区。
情况
例句
数代词作主语
None of them have
none of和neither of
arrived yet.
Twenty years has
后跟复数名词或复数
他们都还没到。
代词作主语时,多作
Neither of the chil-
passed
since
we
单数看待,有时也作
dren was hurt.
1.表示时间、距离、金
left school.我们
复数看待,主要根据
两个孩子没有一个
钱、重量、度量、容量、温
离开学校已经20
说话人的意思决定。
受伤。
度等的复数名词作主语
年了。
Neither of the men
通常看作一个整体,谓
Ten thousand dollars
were rich.
语动词用单数形式。
is a lot of money.
这两个人都不富裕。
一万美元是一大
Two fifths of the
笔钱。
land in that district
is covered with trees
2.
集合名词family,
My family is a big
5.“分数/百分数+of
and grass.
class,crowd,team,gov-
one
短语”作主语
该地区五分之二的
这时谓语动词的数要
土地被树木和草所
ernment,
company,
我家是个大家庭。
group等作主语时,如
依of短语中名词的
覆盖。
My family are all
数而定。
Eighty-nine percent of
果强调整体,谓语动词
fond of sports.
smokers are male.
用单数;如果强调个体,
我们全家人都喜
89%的吸烟者是
谓语动词用复数。
欢体育。
男性。
3.单复数同形的名词作
Each means
has
The rest of the build-
主语
been tried to solve
ings are easy to get to.
6.表示部分概念或不
其余的建筑物并不
有些名词是单复数同形,
the problem,but
定数量的名词、代词
难上。
作主语时谓语动词根据
none is effective.
作主语
The rest of his life
其表示的单复数而定。
解决这个问题的
表示部分概念或不定
was happy.
此类名词有:
每一种方法都试
数量的名词、代词作
他的晚年生活很
means方法,手段
过,但没有一种
主语时,谓语动词的
幸福。
crossroads十字路口
有效。
数应根据后面名词的
Most of my
time
works工厂
There are various
数而定。这些名词或
was
spent in read-
series系列
means of commu-
代词有:all,any,e
ing.
sheep羊
nough,half,more,
nicating
with a
我的大部分时间被
most,the rest,part,
species种类
用在读书上。
stranger.
some等。
Most of the people
deer鹿
同陌生人交流有
are aware of it.
headquarters总部
很多不同的方法。
大部分人都知道它。
·142·
第14章主谓一致
三、就近原则
We saw abandoned farms which were
就近原则是指谓语动词要与它最邻近的
built more than a hundred years ago..我们看
名词或代词保持人称与数的一致。
到了一百多年前建成的已经废弃了的农场。
I turned around and glared at the person
情况
例句
who was humming.我转过身瞪着那个正在哼
唱的人。
Either his friends or
l.由or,either...or
(2)依据“one of+可数名词复数”结构中
等连接的并列结构作
his brother is wrong.
定语从句修饰的先行词。
不是他的朋友们错
主语
“one of-+复数名词+关系代词”之后的谓
了,就是他哥哥
由or,either...or,
语动词用复数形式;“the(only,very,right)
错了。
nor,neither...nor,
one of-+复数名词+关系代词”之后的谓语动
Not only I but also
not only...but also,
词用单数形式。
Jane and
not..but连接的并
Mary are
The girl is one of the students who are
列主语,通常按照就
tired of having ex-
very honest.
aminations one after
近原则,谓语动词的
这个女孩是那些非常诚实的学生之一。
another.
单、复数依照它靠近
The girl is the (only/very)one of the
不仅我而且简和玛
students who is very honest.这个女孩是那些
的主语的单复数
丽都讨厌一个接一
学生中唯一一个非常诚实的人。
而定。
个的考试。
(3)依据关系代词的所指
若是非限制性定语从句,且关系代词指代
There is a desk,a
前面整个句子,其谓语动词用单数形式。
table
and
three
She got 150 marks in the maths examina-
2.在主谓倒装句中
chairs in the room.
tion,which was excellent.她在数学考试中得
在主谓倒装句中,主
房间里有一张书桌、
了150分,真是棒极了。
语并列,谓语动词的
一张饭桌和三把
2.倒装句中的主谓一致
人称和数与其最靠近
椅子。
倒装句中的谓语动词必须与后面的主语
的主语相一致。由
There
保持一致。
are
three
here或there引导的
chairs,a desk and a
On the wall hangs a photo taken by her
little daughter.
句子,若有并列主语,
computer
in
the
墙上挂着一幅她小女儿拍的相片。
谓语也和与其最靠近
room.
Gone are the days when we got together
的那个主语一致。
房间里有三把椅子、
there happily.
一张书桌和一台
我们在那儿快乐相聚的日子一去不复
电脑。
返了。
四、定语从句和倒装句中的主谓一致
五、高考热点
1.定语从句中的主谓一致
(一)主谓一致在语法填空中的命题点
(1)依据先行词的单复数
1.考查语法一致原则
定语从句中的谓语动词应视先行词的单
①(2025·全国二卷)And in the process,
复数而定:先行词是单数形式时,定语从句中
I've experienced things that really surprise
的谓语动词也用单数形式;先行词是复数形式
me at times..The“sunshine scent(香昧)”
时,定语从句中的谓语动词也用复数形式。
of freshly sunned clothes
(be)
one of them.
·143·
英语语法
②(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)As we soon come to
2.非谓语动词或从句作主语时主谓一致错误
learn from Al by Design,AI
already
super-smart and will become more capable,...
(2023·新课标I卷)Besides,work
③(2023·新课标I卷)We're all changing
ing in the garden seem to have a cal-
and learning all the time and mistakes
示例
ming effect on Jaramillo's special ed-
(be)a positive way to develop and
ucation students,many of whom
grow.
have emotional control issues.
2.考查意义一致原则
答案:
①(2025·全国二卷)About half of Ho's
students
(stay)for a week or
动名词、不定式或名词性从句作主语
less;others are there for more than a year.
时,谓语动词一般用单数。注意:名
2One-third of the country
(be)
点拨
词性从句作主语表示复数概念时,谓
covered with trees and the majority of the
语动词应用复数。
citizens
(be)black people.
3.考查就近一致原则
3.倒装句的主谓一致错误
①(2025·全国二卷)I'm afraid there
(be)nothing available at the moment.
Finally,there were a sudden pull at
②(2024·浙江卷1月)There
示例
the pole and a fish was caught.
things you can do to ease this problem.
答案:
[自我校对]1.①is①is②are
2.①stay②is;are3.①is②are
在倒装句中要找出句子的主语,从而
点拨
(二)主谓一致在书面表达中的易错点
判断谓语动词的单复数。
1.名词或代词作主语时主谓一致错误
.“就近”与“就远”原则的错用
①(2022·全国甲卷)He showed
D An expert,together with some
me how his medical instruments
assistants,were sent there to help
was used.
in the work.
答案:
示例
答案:
②(2023·全国甲卷)In the eve
示例
2 Not only the children but also
ning,when I take the walk in the
their father like to see the pictures.
school garden,the singing of in-
答案:
sects become more meaningful to
me.
①“就近”原则常见的有:either..,
答案:
or...,neither...nor...,not on-
点拨
ly..but also..not..but..等;
可数名词单数或不可数名词作主语
②“就远”原则常见的有:as well as,
时,谓语动词应该用单数;可数名词
but,except,(together)with等。
点拨
复数作主语时,根据语法一致原则,谓
语动词应该用复数;代词作主语时,
[自我校对]l.①was→were
②become
代词和谓语保持一致。
→becomes
2.seem→seems
3.were→
was4.①were→was
②like→likes
·144·