第十三章 并列句和状语从句-【创新教程】2026年高考英语语法知识大全

第13章并列句和状语从句 章 第13 并列句和 英语 伙语从句 语法 YINGYUYUFA 并列句是由并列连词连接的两个或两个以上的并列分句。状语从句在句中作状语，修饰主 句中的动词、形容词或副词等，有时修饰鉴个主句。可放在主句之前（常用逗号分开），或放在主 句之后（一般不用提号）。状语从句可分为时间、地点、目的、原因、方式、泰件、结果、让步、比较九 种从句。 知识，网路喝读 知识网络提纲望领 高考热点 并列关系 状语从句的分类 并列句 转折关系 和 并列句的分类和用法 选择关系 状语从句 状语从句的基本用法 因果关系 并列连词与从属连词的易混点 专题，考点涵视 核心要点技法突破 一、并列句 并列句是由并列连词连接而成的，并列连词通常分为以下几类。 分类 例句 (2o25,北京卷)Nick has a fun time smelling the leaves and running after rabbits. (1)表示并列关系 尼克对闻树叶和追赶兔子很开心。 表示并列关系的并列连词主要 (天津卷)Give me a chance,andI'll give you a wonderful sur 有： prise.给我一个机会，我就会给你一个大惊喜。 and和both.,.and.. (2023·全国乙卷)Writing is one of humanity's later achieve- …和…都 ments,and until fairly recently even many literate(有文字 societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in neither...nor... things. 既不…也不… 写作是人类较晚的成就之一，直到最近，甚至许多有文字的社 not only...but also... 会也不仅用文字，而且用物件来记录他们所关心的事情。 不但…而且… The weather here is neither too cold nor too hot. 这里的天气既不太冷也不太热。 She is not only kind but also honest.她不但和蔼而且诚实。 ·127· 英语语法 分类 例句 (2o24·新课标I卷)Feeling motivated,I started running reg ularly,but then two things happened. 在受到激励后，我开始定期跑步，但后来发生了两件事。 The problem was a little hard,yet I was able to work it out. (2)表示转折关系 这道题有点难，然而我却把它做出来了。 表示转折关系的并列连词有： but,yet,while,when(然而，偏 (全国卷)There's no way of knowing why one man makes an 偏)等。 important discovery while another man,also intelligent,fails. 不清楚为什么一个人会有重大发现，而另外一个同样聪明的 人却失败了。 Why did you borrow the book when you had one? 你有这本书，为什么还借呢？ (2023·全国乙卷)Although landscapes in the Midwest tend to be quite similar,either farm fields or highways,sometimes I find distinctive character in the hills or lakes. (3)表示选择关系 虽然中西部的景观往往非常相似，无论是农田还是高速公路， 表示选择关系的并列连词有： 但有时我会在山丘或湖泊中找到特色。 or,or else,either...or,rather (2o24·新课标Ⅱ卷)You enter the fare gates(检票口)and than等。 you'll see a kiosk that is lit up and it tells you can get a one- minute,a three-minute,or a five-minute story. 你进人检票口，会看到一个亮着灯的信息亭，它告诉你可以得 到一分钟、三分钟或五分钟的报道。 It must have rained last night,for the ground is wet. (4)表示因果关系 昨晚肯定下雨了，因为地上是湿的。 表示因果关系的并列连词有： (2o25·全国-卷)Many parents say there's too much traffic for(因为)；so(所以)；thus;con on the roads for their children to walk safely to school,so sequently;as a result conse- they pack them into the car instead. quence);hence;.accordingly等。 许多家长说，路上的交通太拥挤，他们的孩子无法安全步行上 学，所以他们把孩子塞进车里。 [温馨提示]when用作并列连词表示“在那时”之意的几种常见句型： ①主句进行时十when从句 We were watching TV when the electricity was cut off. 我们正在看电视这时突然停电了。 ②主句on the point of...,(just-+)when从句 Tom was on the point of going home when it started to rain. 汤姆正要回家，天开始下雨。 I was just in bed when I heard someone shout,“Fire！Fire！" 我刚上床，突然听到有人喊：“着火啦！着火啦！” ·128· 第13章并列句和状语从句 ③主句be just going to do十when从句 Lucy was just going to explain when the bell rang. 露西正要解释，突然铃响了。 ④主句be about to do十when从句 The baby was about to cry when his mother came home. 那个婴儿刚要哭，这时他母亲回家了。 二、状语从句的种类 类别 状语从句的连接词 when,whenever,while,as,till,until,since,before,after,once,as soon as 时间状 any time,every time,each time,the first time 语从句 the moment,the minute,the instant,the second immediately,directly,instantly 地点状语从句 where,wherever,anywhere,everywhere 目的状语从句so that,in order that,in case,for fear that,lest 结果状语从句so that,so..that,such..that 原因状语从句as,since,because,now(that),seeing(that),considering(that) 比较状语从句than,as..as,not so.,,as 方式状语从句as,asif,as though,like if,unless,as/so long as,on condition that,in case,suppose/supposing that,providing/ 条件状语从句 provided that though,although,even if,even though,while,when 让步状 as,whether,whether...or 语从句 no matter who,no matter what,no matter how,no matter when,no matter where whatever,whoever,whichever,however,whenever,wherever ·129· 英语语法 三、状语从句的基本用法 在句子中起时间状语作用的句子称为时间状语从句。 引导时间状语从句的词有：when,while,as,before,after,until,as soon as,since,each time, next time,the moment,immediately,instantly等。时间状语从句可放在句首、句中或句尾。 (l)when,while和as ①when既可引导一个持续动作，也可引导一个短暂动作，亦可用于主句和从句动作 同时发生或从句动作先于主句动作时。 (2o25·全国-卷)So,when my brother showed up,I asked him to watch Toby and keep him outside. 所以，当我哥哥出现时，我让他看着托比，让它在外面。（瞬间性动词） When our food came,I started walking towards an empty table. 当我们的食物到来时，我开始朝空桌走去。（瞬间性动作） When the fire broke out,all the students were sleeping soundly. 火灾发生时，所有的学生都在熟睡。（瞬间性动词） (2o23·新课标I卷)When John Todd was a child,he loved to explore the woods a round his house,observing how nature solved problems. 当约翰·托德还是个孩子的时候，他喜欢探索他家周围的树林，观察大自然如何解决 问题。（延续性动作） 时 ②wile引导的状语从句，动词必须是延续性的，侧重主句动作与从句动作的对比。 间 My mother was preparing the meal while I was watching TV. 状 妈妈在准备晚饭的时候，我在看电视。 语 (2o24·新课标I卷)While she was at work one day,I borrowed her bike and went 从 for a ride. 有一天她上班的时候，我借了她的自行车去兜风： 句 ③as表述两个发展变化中的情况，意为“一边…一边…”。 As he talked on,he got more and more excited. 他越谈越激动。 (全国卷Ⅲ)But we all have to accept that as we get older,our reactions slow down. 但是我们都不得不接受随着我们变老，我们的反应变慢。 (2)till和until till和until意义相同，多数情况下可换用，但用于强调，放在句首时多用until:在强调 结构或与not连用时多用until。 Nothing can be done till(until)the boss returns. 老板不回来什么也做不了。 We waited till(until)they came back. 我们一直等到他们回来。 It was not until today that it was made public. 直到今天它才被公开。 (2023·浙江卷)She turned from person to person until she came to me. 她从一个人转向另一个人，直到她来到我身边。 ·130· 第13章并列句和状语从句 续表 (3)before 一般情况下before表示“在…之前”，有时译为“…之后才；没来得及… 就…” (2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)However,most produce at the store went through weeks of travel and covered hundreds of miles before reaching the table. 然而，商店里的大多数农产品都经过了数周的转运，走了数百英里才到达餐桌。 It was some time before we realized the truth. 过了一段时间后我们才意识到真相。 If you miss the chance,it may be years before you get another one. 如果你错过了这次机会，可能需要很多年你才能再获得一次。 (4)名词性短语the moment,the minute,the instant,the time,the hour,the day,by the time,each time,every time,next time,any time等也可以引导时间状语从句。 The moment he reached the country,he started his research. 他一到这个国家，就开始他的研究工作。 I thought her nice and honest the first time I met her. 我第一次见到她就觉得她诚实而友善。 (2o25·全国-卷)Every time I gave a self--introduction,I had to explain how to pro- 时 nounce my name at least five times,yet they still could not say it the way I did 间 每次我做自我介绍时，我都必须解释我的名字怎么发音至少五次，但他们仍然不能像 状 我那样说。 语 从 [温馨提示](1)no sooner..than..;hardly/scarcely...when..也可表示“-… 句 就.”，这一结构的时态搭配为：no sooner与hardly/scarcely所在的主句的谓语动 词应用过去完成时，而than与when引导的从句的谓语动词应用一般过去时。此外， 当把no sooner和hardly/scarcely提到句首时，其所在的主句应用倒装语序。 I had hardly got home when it began to rain. Hardly had I got home when it began to rain. 我一到家天就下起雨来。 We had no sooner arrived at the station than the train left. No sooner had we arrived at the station than the train left. 我们一到火车站，火车就离开了。 (2)在“Itis十一段时间+since从句”句型中，since引导的从句的谓语动词若是延续性 动词，常理解为某一状态的终止；若是终止性动词，则理解为某一动作的开始。 It is three years since the war broke out..(终止性动词) 自战争爆发以来已有三年了。 It is three years since I smoked(=since I stopped smoking).(延续性动词) 我不吸烟已有三年了。 如果译成“我吸烟已有三年了”，应为：It is three years since I began to smoke.(终止 性动词) ·131· 英语语法 续表 2. 在复合句中作地点状语的从句称为地点状语从句，可置于句首、句中或句尾。 地 引导地点状语从句的常用词有：where,.wherever等。 点 状 We live where the road crosses the river. 我们住在河流与街道交叉的地方。 语 He must go wherever we send him. 从 他必须去我们派他去的任何地方。 句 在复合句中作原因状语的从句称为原因状语从句，可置于句首，也可置于句尾。 引导原因状语从句的常用词可分为单词引导词和短语引导词两类。单词引导词主要 有：because,as,since等。短语引导词主要有：now that,in that,seeing that等。 (1)because,as,since的用法区别 这三个词都有“因为”之意，但用法和具体内涵各异。 because引导的句子表示直接的、必不可少的原因，是整个句子的重点，语气最强。 since,as常可通用，表示已为人知的原因，其原因或理由在谈话人看来已经很明显，不需加 3. 以强调，语气比because弱一些。since可译成“既然，鉴于”，此时不可用as替换。另外， 原 语气上，since稍强于as。 因 Since (As)it is raining,you'd better take a taxi. 状 下雨了，你最好乘出租车。 语 (全国卷Ⅲ)Many farmers opposed the plan because they feared that wolves would 从 kill their farm animals or pets. 句 很多农民反对这个计划，因为他们害怕狼会吃掉他们在农场养殖的牲畜或宠物。 (2)now that的用法 now that主要用于口语，表示微弱的原因，主、从句的因果关系不明显。常译为“既 然”。that有时可以省略。 Now(that)you understand,Idon't need to explain again.既然你已经明白了，我没有必要 再解释一遍。 Now (that)you have grown up,you should not rely on your parents. 既然你已经长大了，就不应该再依靠你的父母。 ·132· 第13章并列句和状语从句 续表 结果状语从句表示结果，通常位于主句之后。常用来引导结果状语从句的有：tht, so,so that,so..that,such.,.that等。 (1)so that引导的结果状语从句一般要用逗号与主句隔开，从句里面没有表示目的的 情态动词may,can,might等。 He spoke at the top of his voice,so that the students at the back heard him. 他说话声音很高，以便后面的学生都能听到。 [巧学妙记] so that从句 结果状语有特点，so that之前常把逗号点； 目的从句前无逗（号），却有情态动词在里面； 直观区别非绝对，关键要从句意逻辑来判断。 (2)表示“如此…以至…”的so..that和such..that都引导结果状语从句。其 中such是形容词，修饰名词；so是副词，修饰形容词或副词。具体的搭配是：so十形容词 副词+that;so+形容词（十a/an)+名词十that;so+many/much/few/little-十名词十that; such(十a/an)(+形容词)十名词十that。 He speaks so fast that no one can understand him. 结 他说话太快了，没有人能听懂。 果 (北京卷)Triggering(触发)events for anger are so many that to describe them all 状 would take hundreds of pages. 语 生气的触发事件如此多以至于要完全把它们描述出需要用数百页纸。 从 This was such fine music that it was worth listening to twice. 句 这音乐太好听了，值得再听一遍。 注意：为了强调形容词和副词，当so或such置于句首时，主句要用倒装语序。 So carelessly did he drive that he was nearly killed. 他开车如此粗心，差点儿丧命。 [巧学妙记] 状语从句(so)such.,.that 巧记so和such 名前such,形副so;多多(much,many)少少(little,few)也用so: little一词特殊记，小用such,少用so。 They are such little birds that they look like bees.它们是那么小的鸟，以至于看上去像 蜜蜂 (3)除结果状语从句外，too..to..(太…而不能…)，enough to..(达到某种程 度可以…)等不定式结构同样可以表示结果。如： He didn't get up early enough to catch the bus. =He got up too late to catch the bus. 他起床太晚了，没有赶上那班公共汽车。 ·133· 英语语法 续表 在句子中作条件状语的从句称为条件状语从句。 引导条件状语从句的词有：if,unless,as/so long as,once,in case,on condition that, supposing(that),providing(that),provided(that),given(that)等。在条件状语从句中，用 一般现在时代替一般将来时，现在完成时代替将来完成时，一般过去时代替过去将来时。 (2o23·新课标I卷)Evaluate your performance and,if needed,redefine your role. 评估您的绩效，并在需要时重新定义您的角色。 One's life has value as long as one brings value to the life of others. 一个人只要给其他人的生命带来价值，那么这个人的生命就有价值。 5. 条 Once they were in the water,Tim decided it would be safer and faster for him to pull 件 the boys toward the pier(码头). 一旦他们在水中，Tim决定拉着男孩们朝码头去会更安全更快。 状 语 You will never gain success unless you are fully devoted to your work. 如果你不全身心地投入到工作中去，你不会获得成功的。 从 句 )I took my driving license with me on holiday,in case I wanted to hire a car. 度假时我随身带着我的驾驶证以防我想租车。 Providing/Supposing/Given/Provided that you promise not to tell anyone else,I'll explain the secret. 只要你保证不告诉任何人，我就把这个秘密解释给你听。 In case it rains,do not expect me. 如果下雨，就不要等我了。 I will do it on condition that you help me. 只要你肯帮我，我就愿意做此事。 目的状语从句一般由so(that),in order that,for fear that引导，谓语常含may,might, can,could,will,would等情态动词。in order that常用于正式文体，可置于句首，也可置于 句尾，而so that往往只置于句尾（也有置于句首的情况）。 I hurried through my work in order that I could be in time for the wonderful TV pro- grammes. 目 我匆匆地忙完这项工作以便能够及时赶上精彩的电视节目。 的 (2o25·全国二卷)Introducing you to areas such as biology,urban farming,and en- 状 vironmental science so that you can explore the field of agriculture. 语 向您介绍生物学、城市农业和环境科学等领域，以便您探索农业领域。 从 Speak louder so(that)the people in the hall can all hear you. 句 大声点讲，以便大厅里的人都能听清。 I'm working hard for fear that I should fail. 我怕失败，所以在努力工作。 I stayed all day at home in case you called. 我一整天都呆在家里以防你打电话来。 ·134· 第13章并列句和状语从句 续表 让步状语从句通常由though,although,even if/though,whether..or或疑问词-ever 引导。 (I)although与though两者意思相同，一般可互换，都可以与yet,still或nevertheless 连用，但不能和but连用。 He is unhappy,though/although he has a lot of money. 虽然他很有钱，但并不幸福。 (2o24·新课标I卷)Though they are useful for detecting shifts in the number and variety of species in an area,a new Stanford study has found that this type of record is not perfect. 尽管它们对于检测一个地区物种数量和种类的变化很有用，但斯坦福大学的一项新 研究发现，这种类型的记录并不完美。 Although/Though scientists have learned a lot about the universe,there is much we still don't know. 尽管科学家们已对宇宙了解了许多，但还有很多我们仍然不知道。 让 Even though/if it is raining,we'll go there.(陈述语气) 步 即使下雨，我们也要去那里。 状 Even if I were busy,I would go.(虚拟语气) 语 即使我忙，也得去。 从 注意：though还可用作副词，意为“可是，然而”，置于句末。 句 He said he would come;he didn't,though. 他说他会来，可是没有来。 (2)as或though引导让步状语从句倒装的情况：as或though引导的从句一般放在主 句之前，常用倒装语序。从句中的表语、状语或动词原形置于句首。若表语是单数名词， 前置时要省略冠词。 Child as he is,he knows a lot. 尽管他是个孩子，但他懂得很多。 Much as I like it,I won't buy it,for it's too expensive. 虽然我很喜欢，但我不会买的，因为它太贵了。 Try as he might,he could not find a job. 不管他怎样努力，还是找不到一份工作。 注意：though引导的从句也可以像as引导的从句一样用倒装语序，但是although引 导的从句只能用正常语序。 ·135· 英语语法 续表 (3)whether..,or..(不管…还是…)；疑问词十ever与no matter十疑问词（不 管…；无论…) Whether you believe it or not,it is true. 不管你相信与否，那是真的。 In the global economy,a new drug for cancer,wherever it is discovered,will create 让 many economic possibilities around the world. 步 在全球经济中，一种新的治疗癌症的药，无论在哪里被发现，这都将在全世界创造很 多经济发展的可能性。 状 语 Whoever you are(=No matter who you are),you must obey the rules. 无论你是谁，你都要遵守规则。 从 句 (4)when,while也可作从属连词表让步，while常用在句首，when常用在句中，相当于 although。 Suddenly,she stopped when she ought to have continued. 尽管她应该继续下去，她却突然停住了。 While I admit that there are problems,I don't agree that they cannot be solved. 尽管我承认有问题存在，但我不认为这些问题不能被解决。 在句子中作方式状语的从句称为方式状语从句，一般位于句尾，有时位于句中。常用 的连接词或短语有：as,asif,as though,the way等。 (1)as引导方式状语从句 Do just as you like. 你喜欢怎么做就怎么做吧。 Leave the room as it is. 请保持房间的原样。 You must do the experiment as I do. 方 你要像我这样做实验。 式 You are fine just as you are. 你现在这样子就好极了。 状 (2)asif,as though引导方式状语从句 语 asif和as though可以互换，是短语从属连词，引导方式状语从句时，放在主句之后。 从 它们两个引导的状语从句用陈述语气表示可能性很大，也可用虚拟语气表示可能性很小。 句 It looks as if we have to go now. 看来咱们得走了。 He acted as if he were an idiot. 他行动起来像白痴一样。 Don't be nervous!You look as if you had met a ghost. 别紧张！你看起来跟见了鬼似的。 It looks as if she is tired. 她看上去好像累了。 ·136·