UNIT 2 SECTION 3 GRAMMAR-【创新教程】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第一册五维课堂同步Word教案（北师大版2019）
SECTION Ⅲ GRAMMAR
定语从句(1)——关系代词
语境美文 | 语法感悟 |
One day，I met an old friend who/that told me a story about a girl whose major(主修)was French.But she went to work as a farmer as her brother did，which was against her parent's wish. But the girl stuck to(坚持) her dream and made great achievement in agriculture.The fruits that/which she grew were of high quality，so were the vegetables.She helped some university students，to whom she offered a lot of money，and many also took up agriculture after graduation. | (1)定语从句前面基本上都有一个名词(叫作先行词)。 (2)引导定语从句的有which，that，who，whom，whose等代词(叫作关系代词)。 (3)关系代词与先行词存在一定的关系：要么代替先行词，要么表示先行词这个“人的”或“物的”。 (4)与汉语修饰语位置不同：汉语的修饰语置于被修饰词的前面；英语的定语从句置于被修饰词的后面。这正是我们为写作中应特别注意的问题。 |
在复合句中，修饰或限制一个名词或代词或句子的从句，叫作定语从句。它所修饰的名词或代词叫作先行词。引导定语从句的词叫作关系(代/副)词。限制性定语从句与先行词之间的关系非常密切，从句说明先行词的性质、身份、特征等状况。限制性定语从句不能被省略，否则句意就不完整。
1．基本构成
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刚才发表演讲的那个男孩是我最好的朋友。
工人们为家园被毁坏的幸存者建造避难所。
2．基本用法
关系代词：that，which，who，whom，whose，as(本单元讲前五个的用法)；关系副词：when，where，why。其中，关系代词用于替代指人或物的先行词，在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。
(1)who指人，在定语从句中可以作主语或宾语。
Here comes the girl who wants to see you.
想见你的那个女孩过来了。(who在从句中作主语)
He is the man who I saw yesterday.
他就是我昨天见到的人。(who在从句中作宾语)
(2)whom指人，在定语从句中只作宾语，可省略，也可用who代替。
Rose is the person(whom/who) you should look after.
罗丝是你应该照顾的人。
◆[规律总结]
(1)关系代词who，whom代替先行词所指的“人”。
(2)关系代词who在从句中既可以作主语也可以作宾语。作宾语时可以省略。
(3)关系代词whom在从句中只能作宾语。
(3)whose代替先行词表示“人的”或“物的”，在定语从句中作定语。
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.
那个人的车坏了，他们冲过去帮忙。
Please pass me the book whose cover is green.
请递给我那本绿皮的书。
I live next door to a couple whose children often make a lot of noise.
我住在一对夫妻的隔壁，他们的孩子常常很吵闹。
(4)which一般指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时一般可省略。
I'm writing to ask for your valuable advice on the aspects of traditional culture which are extremely appealing to foreign friends.
我写信请求你的宝贵建议：有关中国传统文化对外国朋友最有吸引力的那些方面。(which在从句中作主语)
The river which runs through the centre of the city brings us lots of pleasure.
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从市中心流过的这条河给我们带来了很多乐趣。(which在从句中作主语)
Do you remember the holiday which we spent together?
你记得我们一起度过的假期吗？(which在定语从句中作宾语)
(5)that既可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时一般可省略。指人时一般可用who替代，指物时一般可用which替代。
The number of people that/who come to visit this city each year reaches one million.
每年来参观这座城市的人数达一百万。
The chair (that/which) you broke yesterday is now being repaired.
你昨天弄坏的那把椅子现在正在修。
◆[规律总结]
关系代词替代先行词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语或表语，因此定语从句中不能再出现关系代词所替代的名词或代词。
◆[误区规避] 试译下句
昨天你借我的那本书十分有趣。
[误]The book (that/which) you lent it to me yesterday is very interesting.
[正]The book (that/which) you lent to me yesterday is very interesting.
3．代词选择
宜用that不用which的情况
(1)当先行词是all，much，anything，something，everything，nothing，little，none等不定代词时。
She told me everything that she knew.
她把她所知道的一切都告诉了我。
I refuse to accept the blame for something that was someone else's fault.
我拒绝接受因别人的错而针对我的责备。
(2)当先行词为序数词或被序数词修饰，或先行词为形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。
This is the most exciting football game that I have ever seen.
这是我看过的最激动人心的足球比赛。
The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill.
在桂林他们参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。
(3)当先行词被all，no，few，any，little，some，much，the last，the only，very等修饰时。
I've read all the books that were borrowed from others.
我已经读了从别人那儿借来的所有的书。
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