UNIT 2 SECTION 3 GRAMMAR-【创新教程】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第一册五维课堂同步Word教案（北师大版2019）

SECTION Ⅲ　GRAMMAR 定语从句(1)——关系代词 语境美文 语法感悟 One day，I met an old friend who/that told me a story about a girl whose major(主修)was French.But she went to work as a farmer as her brother did，which was against her parent's wish. But the girl stuck to(坚持) her dream and made great achievement in agriculture.The fruits that/which she grew were of high quality，so were the vegetables.She helped some university students，to whom she offered a lot of money，and many also took up agriculture after graduation. (1)定语从句前面基本上都有一个名词(叫作先行词)。 (2)引导定语从句的有which，that，who，whom，whose等代词(叫作关系代词)。 (3)关系代词与先行词存在一定的关系：要么代替先行词，要么表示先行词这个“人的”或“物的”。 (4)与汉语修饰语位置不同：汉语的修饰语置于被修饰词的前面；英语的定语从句置于被修饰词的后面。这正是我们为写作中应特别注意的问题。 在复合句中，修饰或限制一个名词或代词或句子的从句，叫作定语从句。它所修饰的名词或代词叫作先行词。引导定语从句的词叫作关系(代/副)词。限制性定语从句与先行词之间的关系非常密切，从句说明先行词的性质、身份、特征等状况。限制性定语从句不能被省略，否则句意就不完整。 1．基本构成 . 刚才发表演讲的那个男孩是我最好的朋友。 　 工人们为家园被毁坏的幸存者建造避难所。 2．基本用法 关系代词：that，which，who，whom，whose，as(本单元讲前五个的用法)；关系副词：when，where，why。其中，关系代词用于替代指人或物的先行词，在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。 (1)who指人，在定语从句中可以作主语或宾语。 Here comes the girl who wants to see you. 想见你的那个女孩过来了。(who在从句中作主语) He is the man who I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见到的人。(who在从句中作宾语) (2)whom指人，在定语从句中只作宾语，可省略，也可用who代替。 Rose is the person(whom/who) you should look after. 罗丝是你应该照顾的人。 ◆[规律总结] (1)关系代词who，whom代替先行词所指的“人”。 (2)关系代词who在从句中既可以作主语也可以作宾语。作宾语时可以省略。 (3)关系代词whom在从句中只能作宾语。 (3)whose代替先行词表示“人的”或“物的”，在定语从句中作定语。 They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那个人的车坏了，他们冲过去帮忙。 Please pass me the book whose cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。 I live next door to a couple whose children often make a lot of noise. 我住在一对夫妻的隔壁，他们的孩子常常很吵闹。 (4)which一般指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时一般可省略。 I'm writing to ask for your valuable advice on the aspects of traditional culture which are extremely appealing to foreign friends. 我写信请求你的宝贵建议：有关中国传统文化对外国朋友最有吸引力的那些方面。(which在从句中作主语) The river which runs through the centre of the city brings us lots of pleasure. 从市中心流过的这条河给我们带来了很多乐趣。(which在从句中作主语) Do you remember the holiday which we spent together? 你记得我们一起度过的假期吗？(which在定语从句中作宾语) (5)that既可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时一般可省略。指人时一般可用who替代，指物时一般可用which替代。 The number of people that/who come to visit this city each year reaches one million. 每年来参观这座城市的人数达一百万。 The chair (that/which) you broke yesterday is now being repaired. 你昨天弄坏的那把椅子现在正在修。 ◆[规律总结] 关系代词替代先行词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语或表语，因此定语从句中不能再出现关系代词所替代的名词或代词。 ◆[误区规避]　试译下句 昨天你借我的那本书十分有趣。 [误]The book (that/which) you lent it to me yesterday is very interesting. [正]The book (that/which) you lent to me yesterday is very interesting. 3．代词选择 宜用that不用which的情况 (1)当先行词是all，much，anything，something，everything，nothing，little，none等不定代词时。 She told me everything that she knew. 她把她所知道的一切都告诉了我。 I refuse to accept the blame for something that was someone else's fault. 我拒绝接受因别人的错而针对我的责备。 (2)当先行词为序数词或被序数词修饰，或先行词为形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。 This is the most exciting football game that I have ever seen. 这是我看过的最激动人心的足球比赛。 The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill. 在桂林他们参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。 (3)当先行词被all，no，few，any，little，some，much，the last，the only，very等修饰时。 I've read all the books that were borrowed from others. 我已经读了从别人那儿借来的所有的书。 Mr. Smith is the only foreigner that she knows. 史密斯先生是她唯一认识的外国人。 (4)当先行词既有人又有物时。 I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room. 我能清楚地记得我在那个房间里所见到的人和一些照片。 The foreign visitors spoke highly of the pioneers and their performances that they saw at the Children's Palace. 外国游客高度赞扬了他们在少年宫所看到的少先队员以及他们的表演。 (5)当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时，为了避免/W/音的重复，一般用that引导。 Who is the girl that spoke to you? 跟你说话的那个女孩是谁？ Which is the car that has overtaken us? 超过我们的是哪辆车？ (6)当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系代词本身在定语从句中也作表语时，此时句子一般带有类比含义。 He is no longer the star that he was. 他不再是过去的那位明星了。 Our school is no longer the place that it used to be. 我们的学校不再是以前的那所学校了。 (7)当主句以here，there开头且先行词指物时。 Here is the hotel that you've been looking for. 这就是你一直在找的那家旅馆。 There is a seat in the corner that is still not taken. 在角落里还有一个没被占的位子。 ◆[“四翼”考查]——基础性 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．All in all，I would prefer gymnastics rather than jogging, 　which　 is slow. 2．She is an athlete 　who/that　 tends to feel nervous in every competition. 3．The girl chose to live in a room 　whose　 window faces the sea. 4．He is the man 　who/that　 is teaching us English. 5．He is the professor 　whose　 grammar course I am taking. 6．The young men 　who/whom/that　 I work with are all friendly. 7．A plane is a machine 　that/which　 can fly. 8．I still keep the letter 　that/which　 she wrote to me. 9．Beauty is the only thing 　that　 Emily can be proud of. 10．Those 　who　 are against the plan put up your hands please. ◆[“四翼”考查]——创新性 Ⅱ.翻译句子 1．我不喜欢不遵守诺言的那种人。 　I_don't_like_the_man_who/that_doesn't_keep_his_word.　 2．英语是一门容易学习的语言。 　English_is_a_language_that/which_is_easy_to_learn.　 3．我放在桌子上的那支钢笔是黑色的。 　The_pen_(that/which)_I_put_on_the_desk_is_black.　 4．这就是我刚刚谈论过的那个女孩。 　This_is_the_girl_(who/whom/that)_we_talked_about_just_now.　 5．我认识一个朋友，他的哥哥是个排球运动员。 　I_know_a_friend_whose_brother_is_a_volleyball_player.　 复合不定代词 语境美文 语法感悟 Last week，someone from another school came to me to ask for something about music to listen to.But I had nothing about music，so I asked everyone in my classroom.Unfortunately，none could satisfy the need.Then we went to the library，and still we couldn't find anything about music.Suddenly the librarian shouted: “You can get everything you want online.All you want is there！” (1)不定代词指的是不确定的　人或物　。 (2)复合不定代词由some­，any­，every­，no­与­body，­one，­thing构成，共　12　个。 (3)all是不定代词，但不属于复合不定代词。 不明确代替特定名词的代词，叫不定代词。 1．基本构成 ­body ­thing some­ somebody something any­ anybody anything every­ everybody everything no­ nobody nothing 2.基本用法 (1)somebody, someone, anybody, anyone的用法 somebody和someone的意思相同，anybody和anyone的意思相同，都表示“某人”。在肯定句中常用somebody, someone；在否定句、疑问句及条件从句中常用anybody或 anyone。somebody, someone可以用于请求句，本质上也是一种肯定句。anybody和anyone也可用于肯定句中，表示“任何人”。这些区别跟some和any的区别一样：Someone/Somebody should have told me. 应该有人告诉我才是。 Should we call a doctor or someone/somebody？我们要不要请个大夫什么的？ (请求句) (2)everybody和everyone的用法 两者意思相同，表示“人人，每个人，所有人”，可以用于肯定句、否定句或疑问句中，用在否定句中表示部分否定：Everyone/Everybody gets his/her legal rights by birth. 每个人一出生便享有合法的权利。 Have you asked everybody/everyone? 你每个人都问了吗？ (3)something与anything的用法 表示“某事(物)”，肯定句中用something, something还可以用于请求句，表示希望得到肯定的回答。疑问句、否定句及条件从句中用anything。 I had something to tell you，but I forgot. 我本来有事要告诉你，可是我忘了。 Would you like something to eat? 你要不要吃点儿东西？ (请求句) Has anything happened during my absence? 我不在时发生了什么事吗？ (4)everything和nothing的用法 everything表示“一切东西”，nothing表示“什么也没有”。 How is everything？一切都好吗？ Money isn't everything.金钱并不等于一切。 I had nothing to do with the quarrel. 我与这次争吵一点儿关系也没有。 (5)nobody, no one与none的用法 nobody和no one只用来指人，不可与介词of连用。none既可以指人也可以指物，可以与介词of连用。 Nobody/No one knows the secret. 没人知道这个秘密。 We asked nobody/no one to help us. 我们没向任何人求助。 None of these questions is easy, and none of us can answer any one of them. 这些问题没有一个是容易的，并且我们中没有一个人能答出其中的任何一题。 (6)everything与anything的区别 含有any的复合不定代词(anything, anyone, anybody)，都属于“非肯定词”，非肯定词只用于“非肯定语境”。非肯定语境包括疑问句、否定句或条件句，请求句虽然有问号，但不属于疑问句，仍然是肯定语境。anything, anyone, anybody也可以用于肯定句，表示“任何事，任何人”，但前提是，肯定句只表示可能和未实现的情况。也就是说，不能用于已经实现的肯定语境(如一般过去时或现在完成时，一般现在时的knows, thinks)。这种肯定句实际上也是一种非肯定语境，一般都含有表示“将来或可能”的助动词和情态动词，例如can/could/will/would，表示可能发生的情况。而everything, everyone, everybody就没有这个限制。 I will/can do everything to help her.(正) I will/can do anything to help her.(正) I did everything to help her.(正) (7)everyone/everybody与anyone/anybody的区别 这些代词的区别道理是相同的。everyone/everybody指“每个人”，是有范围的，例如某人认识的“所有人”。anyone/anybody指“任何人”，是没有范围的，所以也不能用于肯定语境。 She can ask everyone to help.(正) She can ask anyone to help.(正) She has asked everyone to help.(正) She has asked anyone to help.(误) Everybody will know the answer.(正) ◆[“四翼”考查]——基础性 单句语法填空 用复合不定代词填空 1．A smile costs 　nothing　， but gives much. 2．He is too excited to say 　anything　. 3．—Have you figured out how much the trip will cost? —$4,000, or 　something　 like that. 4．My brother would like to buy a good watch but 　none　 was available in that shop. 5．Make sure you've got the passports and tickets and 　everything　 before you leave. 6．You can ask anyone for help. 　Everyone　 here is willing to lend you a hand. 7．　No_one　 can be good at something for 40 years if he doesn't love it. 8．—How do you find your new classmates? —Most of them are kind, but 　none　 is so good to me. 9．—The test was easy, wasn't it? —Yes, but I don't think 　anyone　 could pass it. 10．—Did 　everyone　 get through the driving test? —No, not all. 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