UNIT 1 SECTION 3 GRAMMAR-【创新教程】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第一册五维课堂同步Word教案（北师大版2019）

SECTION Ⅲ　GRAMMAR 非谓语动词(Ⅰ)——动词不定式 语境美文 语法感悟 　　I have just got a new start at senior school and I'm determined 1.to do well in every subject. My goal is 2.to be admitted by a key university and expect 3.to work for our mother land in the future after graduation from college.4.To achieve my dream, I must try my best 5.to prepare myself for all the new challenges. So every morning I am always the first 6.to get up in the morning and read aloud in the classroom. It is important and necessary 7.to take notes. My English teacher often encourages me 8.to face challenges bravely, which gives me strength(力量) and energy(精力). I look forward to success. Wish me good luck, friends！ 1.文中的黑体部分作主语的是：　7　 2．文中的黑体部分作宾语的是：　1,3　 3．文中的黑体部分作表语的是：　2　 4．文中的黑体部分作状语的是：　4,5　 5．文中的黑体部分作定语的是：　6　 6．文中的黑体部分作宾语补足语的是：　8　 动词不定式是动词一种非限定形式的特殊形式，属于非谓语动词的一种形式，在句中不能作谓语，通常前面带有小品词to，有时根据必要形式to也要省略。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化。不定式表示动作或状态，与其逻辑主语构成主谓关系，即其动作的执行者是其逻辑上的主语。 1．基本构成 不定式有一般式、进行式和完成式三种时态，且具有主动和被动之分，其否定形式是not to do。 　　语态 时态　　 主动 被动 一般式 (not)to do (not)to be done 完成式 (not)to have done (not)to have been done 进行式 (not)to be doing — 完成进行式 (not)to have been doing — (1)不定式的一般式表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作作主语时一般没有时间先后顺序。 (2)不定式的完成式表示的动作一般发生在谓语动词之前，强调动作的发生在谓语之前。 (3)不定式的进行式表示的动作一般与谓语动词同时进行。 We agreed to meet here，but he hasn't turned up so far. 我们约定再次见面，但到现在他还未露面。 It's nice to be sitting here with you. 和你一起坐在这儿真好。 The old man made an attempt to stand up. 老人试图站起来。 They required us not to jump the line. 他们要求我们不要插队。 2．基本用法 不定式具有名词、形容词或副词的功能，因此在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和宾语(主语)补充语。 (1)作主语 动词不定式在句中作主语，相当于名词或代词，往往用形式主语it代替，将不定式置于句末，主要目的是平衡句子，避免头重脚轻不平衡现象。 It is our duty to take care of the old. 照顾好老人是我们的责任。 How long did it take you to finish the work? 你花了多长时间完成这项工作？ (2)作宾语 动词不定式在句中作宾语，也相当于名词或代词，也可用形式宾语it代替，但不能作介词宾语，如果其前有疑问词时，即“疑问词＋to do”结构可作介词的宾语。 Talk with friends about where to shop. 与朋友讨论去哪购物。 I found it interesting to learn a foreign language. 我发现学习一门外语很有趣。 She pretended not to see me when I passed by. 我经过时她假装没看见我。 ◆[规律总结] 只接不定式不接动名词作宾语的动词常见的有下列词汇： 记忆口诀 英语词汇 决心学会向希望 decide/determine，learn， want，hope/expect/wish 拒绝设法愿假装 refuse，manage，care，pretend 提供答应选计划 offer，promise，choose，plan 同意准备求帮忙 agree，prepare，ask/beg，help 碰巧等待两渴望 happen，wait，desire/long 此外，afford(负担得起)，arrange(安排)，demand(要求)，threaten(威胁)等后要跟不定式作宾语。 (3)作表语 不定式作表语可以表示主语的具体内容、目的等，从时态角度分析，一般多指将来发生的事。 His dream is to be a lawyer. 他的梦想是成为一名律师。 My main purpose is to help him out. 我的主要目的是帮助他摆脱困境。 (4)作定语 不定式作定语要放在被修饰词的后面，一般表示将来的动作；有时受一些词的限制，也表一般说明或修饰，没有时间的概念。 He is looking for a room to live in. 他在寻找一间居住的房子。 Working parents usually don't have enough time to stay with their children. 职业父母通常没有足够的时间同孩子在一起。 A gentle form of exercise will increase your ability to relax. 舒缓的运动锻炼会提高自我放松的能力。 (5)作状语 不定式作状语主要表示原因、目的和结果等。 She burst into laughter to see his funny action. 看到他滑稽的动作，她大笑起来。(原因) To make friends easily，you need to be very kind. 要想很容易地交朋友，你需要友善。(目的) She returned only to find that no one was at home. 她回到家，结果发现家里一个人也没有。(结果) The child is old enough to take care of himself. 这个孩子够大了，可以照顾自己。(结果) (6)作补足语 不定式可以作宾语补足语，有些动词后用不带to的不定式，有些动词后用带to的不定式，还有的带不带to都可以。句子由主动语态变为被动语态，宾语补足语相应变为主语补足语。作主语补足语时，一般不可以省略to。 You are not allowed to smoke here. 这里不允许吸烟。 The doctor warned him not to eat too much meat. 医生告诫他不要吃太多的肉。 I saw him go into the room just now. 刚才我看到他走进了房间。 These pictures made me think of my childhood. 这些照片使我想起了我的童年。 He was made to say so. 他被迫这样说。 ◆[规律总结] 能接带to的不定式作宾语补足语和主语补足语的动词有： 记忆口诀 英语词汇 请求建议使强迫 ask，advise，get，force 告诉允许想希望 tell，allow/permit，want/mean，wish 喜欢讨厌令请求 like，hate，order/instruct，request/ask/beg/demand 打算期望宁说服 intend，expect，prefer，persuade 导致警告证认为 cause，warn，prove，consider 鼓励猜想两发现 encourage，suppose，find/discover [特别提示] 使役动词，感官动词能接不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，常见的使役动词有make(使)，let(让)，have(强迫)等；感官动词有see(看到)，hear(听到)，watch(观察到)，observe(观察到)，notice(注意到)，feel(感觉)以及look at(看)，listen to(听)等。 (7)与疑问词连用的不定式 不定式可以与疑问代词who，whom，what，which，whose及疑问副词when，where，why，how等连用，构成不定式短语，在句中作主语、宾语、表语等成分。 I didn't know how to get back to the village. 我不知道怎样回到村子。 I haven't decided whether to go abroad. 我还没有决定是否出国。 He can show you where to get the book. 他可以给你指明从哪里得到这本书。 ◆[“四翼”考查]——基础性 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．Sorry! I didn't mean 　to_hurt　 (hurt) you. 2．I found it difficult 　to_fall　 (fall) asleep in such a hot day. 3．Have you happened 　to_have_heard　 (heard) that I'm going to study in America. 4．His eagerness 　to_get　 (get) back home was quite obvious. 5．It is stupid of you 　to_write　 (write) down everything that the teacher says. 6．He is old enough 　to_join　 (join) the army. 7．His new idea was 　to_have　 (have) a discussion about the plan. 8．They found the answer 　to_be　 (be) a best one. ◆[“四翼”考查]——创新性 Ⅱ.翻译句子 1．参加脱口秀比赛真有趣。 　It's_interesting_to_join_in_a_talk_show.　 2．想过上幸福生活，一个人应该保持乐观的态度。 　To_live_a_happy_life，one_should_keep_a_positive_attitude.　 3．他拒绝参加我们的讨论。 　He_refused_to_join_in_our_discussion.　 4．我觉得认识他是一件荣幸的事。 　I_feel_it_an_honour_to_know_him.　 5．这次活动的目的是培养团体精神。 　The_purpose_of_the_activity_is_to_develop_the_spirit_of_teamwork.　 6．为了赶上早班车，他起得很早。 　He_got_up_very_early_to_catch_the_first_bus.　 7．老师鼓励我们向困难挑战。 　The_teacher_encouraged_us_to_challenge_difficulties.　 8．老师经常鼓励我们勇敢面对挑战。 　The_teacher_often_encourages_us_to_bravely_face_challenges.　 ­ed/­ing形容词 语境美文 语法感悟 The 1.exciting news came that our school would hold a sport meeting. Many students were 2.interested in it and were 3.delighted to show their strengths. But what was 4.surprising was that little Jack was 5.worried about his strong brother Tom. Jack told me that Tom was weak after the operation but 6.tired of 7.disappointing life at home. Tom came to attend the meeting as planned. Though the results were not 8.satisfying, Tom felt 9.pleased and 10.satisfied. 从短文中，我们可以看出，­ing形容词通常指　物　，­ed形容词通常指人；­ing形容词通常译为“　令人……的　”，而­ed形容词通常译为“　感到……的　” ­ing形容词和­ed形容词是动词非谓语动词转化过来的形容词，它们完全可以根据原动词的意义进行形容词意义判断。 1．基本构成 ­ed形容词基本意义表示“感到……的”；­ing形容词基本意义表示“令人……的”。 2．基本用法 (1)以­ed结尾的形容词常用来修饰人，表示人的心理状况，意为“感到……的”。有时也可修饰look/expression(表情)，smile，tears，voice等词。在句中作表语、定语、状语及宾语补足语。常见的此类形容词有excited，moved，interested，surprised，shocked，disappointed，amused，confused，astonished，frightened，encouraged，terrified，puzzled，satisfied，touched，bored，embarrassed，pleased等。 But that's how nature is—always leaving us astonished. 但是，这就是大自然的样子——总让我们惊叹不已。 He looked puzzled so I repeated the question. 他好像没听懂，于是我把问题又重复了一遍。 He had a pleased smile on his face. 他脸上露出了满意的微笑。 He told me the news in a very excited voice. 他告诉了我这个消息，声音很激动。 (2)以­ing结尾的形容词，通常表示主语主动发生的动作，说明主语具有的性质，通常被译为“使人……的；令人……的”。在句中作表语、定语及宾语补足语。常见的此类形容词有exciting，moving，interesting，surprising，shocking，disappointing，amusing，confusing，encouraging，inviting，missing，pressing，promising，puzzling，astonishing，refreshing，striking等。 I get touched by inspiring stories and gain happiness from exciting news. 我感动于鼓舞人心的故事，愉悦于激动人心的消息。 It is not surprising that PE is the kid's favourite subject! 体育课是孩子们最喜爱的课是不令人吃惊的。 Their school lives are now more attractive and interesting. 他们的学校生活现在更具吸引力、更有趣。 The basketball match against Yucai School was close and exciting. 与育才中学进行的篮球赛比分接近，令人兴奋。 ◆[“四翼”考查]——基础性 单句语法填空 1．The problem that he put forward was 　confusing　(confuse)． 2．She felt 　satisfied　(satisfy) with her performance on the high­and­low bars. 3．Hearing the news，he looked 　disappointed　(disappoint)． 4．The top of the mountain is 　covered　(cover) with snow all through the year. 5．At the sight of the 　moving　 scene，all the people present were 　moved　.(move) 6．They were 　frightened　 to hear the 　frightening　 sound.(frighten) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$