Unit 4 Friends forever关系代词引导的定语从句（语法专项）英语外研版2019必修第一册

Unit 4 Friends forever 核心语法精练（关系代词引导的定语从句） 目录 1 B 考点夯基·专项突破 2 一、单句语法填空 2 二、合并句子 6 C 综合攻坚·能力跃升 9 题型一 语篇语法填空（课文改编） 9 题型二 语篇语法填空（模考真题） 10 题型三 完形填空 13 关系代词引导的定语从句 引导代词类型 具体代词 适用先行词 在从句中充当成分 是否可省略 示例句子 关系代词（指人） who 人（主语、宾语） 主语、宾语 作宾语时可省略，作主语不可 - 作主语：The girl who is standing there is my sister. - 作宾语：The man (who) you met yesterday is a doctor. whom 人（仅作宾语） 宾语（可接介词提前） 可省略（接介词时不可单独省略） - 直接作宾语：The student (whom) the teacher praised is very hardworking. - 接介词：The girl to whom you spoke is from Canada. that 人（非正式用法，可替代 who/whom） 主语、宾语 作宾语时可省略 - 作主语：The boy that won the game is my cousin. - 作宾语：The actress (that) we talked about is very famous. 关系代词（指物） which 物（主语、宾语） 主语、宾语（可接介词提前） 作宾语时可省略 - 作主语：The book which lies on the desk is mine. - 接介词：The house in which he lived is now a museum. that 物（可替代 which） 主语、宾语 作宾语时可省略 - 作主语：The car that was stolen has been found. - 作宾语：The gift (that) she gave me is very special. 关系代词（指人 / 物） whose 人或物（表所属关系） 定语（后接名词） 不可省略 - 指人：The girl whose bag was lost is crying. - 指物：I bought a book whose cover is blue. 一、单句语法填空 1．The reason he gave for his being late was he got up late.(用适当的词填空) 2．Those take an active part in sports are energetic. (用适当的词填空) 3．Henry was pleased with I told him and all I gave him. (用适当的词填空) 4．Amy can’t forget the company and the manager she visited in Shanghai years ago. (用适当的词填空) 5．The rescue work followed was carried out by people from all over the country. (用适当的词填空) 6．Workers built shelters for people homes had been destroyed. (用适当的词填空) 7．Then I read an article said I should make a change. (用适当的词填空) 8．Happiness is the greatest wealth one can pursue. (用适当的词填空) 9．The building wall is white is our library. (用适当的词填空) 10．In our childhood, we have a great fondness for chicken soup flavor becomes tied up with the feeling of being taken care of. (用适当的词填空) 11．The people are dangerously overweight should take immediate action to lose weight properly. (用适当的词填空) 12．In Prague, Winton saw people living in terrible conditions and lives were in danger. (用适当的词填空) 13．During exam time we have a special programme tells students the things they should do. (连词) （用适当的词填空） 14．The event Maple Estate (住宅区) residents are eagerly looking forward to is just around the corner! (用适当的词填空) 15．The man invented this writing system is a linguist. (用适当的词填空) 16．Tu Youyou is the scientist discovery has led to the development of new drugs. (用适当的词填空) 17．Those dreams come true are always determined and never give up. （用适当的词填空） 18．China’s Zheng Qinwen reached the US Open quarter-finals for a second time with victory over Donna Vekic she also defeated in the Paris Olympics. (用适当的词填空) 19．The concert hall has the most wonderful atmosphere can make the audience fully immersed in the music. (用适当的词填空) 20．Boys, please don’t talk about such things you don’t understand at all. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】 1． that/which that 【详解】考查定语从句和表语从句。句意：他为自己迟到所给出的理由是：他起得太晚了。第一空，引导限制性定语从句，先行词为the reason，作从句的宾语，用关系代词that/which引导；第二空，引导表语从句，从句结构和句意完整，用that引导。故填①that/which②that。 2．who 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：那些积极参加体育运动的人精力充沛。空格处引导限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词Those是人，因此空格处用who引导定语从句，故填who。 3．what that 【详解】考查宾语从句和定语从句。句意：亨利对我告诉他的事和我给他的一切都很满意。第一个空为连接词引导的宾语从句，引导词在从句中作told的宾语，指物，所以第一空为what；第二个空为关系词引导的定语从句，修饰先行词all（指物），关系词在从句中作gave的宾语，所以此处只能使用关系代词填that。故填①what②that。 4．that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：埃米无法忘记多年前在上海拜访过的那家公司和那位经理。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是the company and the manager，即先行词包含人和物，从句缺少宾语，只能用关系代词that引导从句。故填that。 5．that/which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：随后的救援工作是由来自全国各地的人们进行的。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词The rescue work，先行词指物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that或which作引导词。故填that/which。 6．whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：工人们为那些家园被毁的人们搭建了避难所。空处引导定语从句，先行词people，在定语从句中作定语，修饰名词homes，需用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。 7．that/which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：然后我读了一篇说我应该做出改变的文章。本空引导定语从句，修饰先行词an article，指物，且关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that或which。故填that/which。 8．that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：幸福是一个人可以追求的最大财富。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰指物的先行词wealth，且先行词被形容词最高级the greatest修饰，关系词替代先行词在从句中作宾语，此时只能用关系代词that引导该定语从句。故填that。 9．whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：墙是白色的那座建筑是我们的图书馆。空格处引导限制性定语从句，先行词building和wall之间是所属关系，因此用表所属的关系代词whose引导定语从句，故填whose。 10．whose 【详解】考查定语从句关系词。句意：在我们的童年时代，我们非常喜欢鸡汤，它的味道与被照顾的感觉紧密相连。先行词为chicken soup，在定语从句中作定语。关系代词为whose。故填whose。 11．who/that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：体重严重超标的人应该立即采取适当的措施来减肥。此处为限制性定语从句，先行词为The people，指人，引导词在定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词who或that来引导。故填who/that。 12．whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在布拉格，温顿看到人们生活在恶劣的环境中，他们的生命受到威胁。句中先行词为people，在定语从句中作lives的定语，表示“人们的生命”，所以用关系代词whose引导定语从句。故填whose。 13．that/which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在考试期间，我们有一个特别的节目，告诉学生他们应该做的事情。设空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词a special programme，指物，关系词替代先行词在从句中作主语成分，所以为关系代词that/which引导。故填that/which。 14．that /which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：枫树住宅区的居民们热切期待的活动马上就要到了！“____ Maple Estate residents are eagerly looking forward to”是定语从句，修饰先行词The event ，指物，关系词在从句中作宾语，所以可用关系代词that或which引导该定语从句。故填that /which。 15．who/that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：发明这种书写系统的人是一位语言学家。“________ invented this writing system”为限制性定语从句，先行词是The man，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，所以可以用关系代词who或者that引导该定语从句。故填who/that。 16．whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：屠呦呦是一位其发现促成了新药研发的科学家。分析句子可知，这里考查定语从句，先行词为the scientist，关系词在从句中作定语修饰后面名词discovery，所以应用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。 17．whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：那些梦想成真的人总是意志坚定且从不放弃。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词为Those，指代人，在从句中作定语，修饰dreams，即“那些人的梦想”，所以应用关系代词whose引导该从句。故填whose。 18．whom 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：中国选手郑钦文战胜了多娜·维基奇再次打进美网四分之一决赛，她在巴黎奥运会上也曾击败过维基奇。此处为限制性定语从句，先行词为Donna Vekic，指人，引导词在定语从句中作defeated的宾语，用关系代词whom引导该从句。故填whom。 19．that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：音乐厅拥有最美妙的氛围，可以让观众完全沉浸在音乐中。空格处引导的是限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词atmosphere被最高级the most wonderful修饰，因此关系代词只能用that，故填that。 20．as 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：孩子们，请不要谈论你们根本不懂的事情。空处引导限制性定语从句，代替先行词things在从句中作宾语，且先行词被such修饰，因此用关系代词as，故填as。 二、合并句子。将两个句子合并为一个含有定语从句的句子。 1．The boys are playing football. The boys are my friends. _________________________________________________________________________ 2．The reporter is interviewing a woman. The woman’s family survived the earthquake. _________________________________________________________________________ 3．The initial poems were written from the perspective of a mother. The mother loves her baby at play and at rest, in laughter and in tears. 4．She lit a match and saw a Christmas tree. The tree was decorated very nicely. 5．It was written by the Indian poet Tagore. Tagore was the first Asian to win the Nobel Prize in Literature. 6．I have a friend. He likes listening to classical music. 7．The person is Mr. Ball. You should ask him about the matter. 8．The fish isn’t fresh. We bought the fish yesterday. 9．The writer was invited to the Reading Festival. His short story won the contest. 10．The long bridge still looks nice. The bridge has been there for nearly fifty years. 【答案】 1. The boys who/that are playing football are my friends. 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：正在踢足球的那些男孩是我的朋友。原句是两个简单句，可将第二句改写为定语从句，先行词是boys，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，使用关系代词who或that引导，故答案为The boys who/that are playing football are my friends. 2．The reporter is interviewing a woman whose family survived the earthquake./The reporter is interviewing a woman, the family of whom survived the earthquake./The reporter is interviewing a woman, of whom the family survived the earthquake. 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：记者正在采访一位家庭在地震中幸存下来的妇女。分析句子可知，原句中第二个句子可改写为定语从句，修饰先行词woman，关系词在从句中作定语，和family之间是所属关系，应用关系代词whose引导，故可合并为The reporter is interviewing a woman whose family survived the earthquake.；表示所属关系也可用介词of表达，故第二个分句也可用“the family of+关系代词”引导非限制性定语从句，先行词woman指人，关系词在从句中作宾语，应用关系代词whom，故可合并为The reporter is interviewing a woman, the family of whom survived the earthquake.；也可改为“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句，即The reporter is interviewing a woman, of whom the family survived the earthquake.，故答案为The reporter is interviewing a woman whose family survived the earthquake./The reporter is interviewing a woman, the family of whom survived the earthquake./The reporter is interviewing a woman, of whom the family survived the earthquake. 3．The initial poems were written from the perspective of a mother who loves her baby at play and at rest, in laughter and in tears. 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：最初的诗是从一个母亲的角度写的，她爱她的孩子在玩耍和休息，在欢笑和泪水中。此处合并为定语从句修饰先行词mother，在从句作主语，指人，故用who引导。故改为The initial poems were written from the perspective of a mother who loves her baby at play and at rest, in laughter and in tears. 4．She lit a match and saw a Christmas tree which was decorated very nicely./She lit a match and saw a Christmas tree that was decorated very nicely. 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：她点燃了一根火柴，看到了一棵圣诞树。这棵树装饰得很漂亮。第二句中的The tree指的是前面的a Christmas tree，“The tree was decorated very nicely”的对a Christmas tree的修饰，因此“was decorated very nicely”可作定语从句，先行词是a Christmas tree，是物，因此用关系代词which/that引导定语从句，因此句子合并为“She lit a match and saw a Christmas tree which/that was decorated very nicely”。故答案为She lit a match and saw a Christmas tree which/that was decorated very nicely. 5．It was written by the Indian poet Tagore who was the first Asian to win the Nobel Prize in Literature./It was written by the Indian poet Tagore that was the first Asian to win the Nobel Prize in Literature. 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：它是印度诗人泰戈尔写的，他是第一位获得诺贝尔文学奖的亚洲人。分析原句可知，两个简单句中均含有名词Tagore，所以将Tagore作为先行词，主句为It was written by the Indian poet Tagore，第二句作为从句，Tagore在第二句中作主语指的是人，所以此处使用关系代词who或者that替换Tagore引导定语从句置于Tagore之后。故答案为：It was written by the Indian poet Tagore who/that was the first Asian to win the Nobel Prize in Literature. 6．I have a friend who likes listening to classical music./I have a friend that likes listening to classical music. 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我有一个朋友。他喜欢听古典音乐。根据句意以及句子的提示要求可知，原句可用定语从句合并句子，结合句子结构可知，应为关系代词who/that引导的定语从句，先行词a friend在从句中作主语成分，从句部分为who/that likes listening to classical music。故答案是：I have a friend who/that likes listening to classical music. 7．The person (who/whom/that) you should ask about the matter is Mr. Ball. 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这个人就是鲍尔先生。你应该问他这件事。根据要求可知，这两句可以合成限制性定语从句，先行词The person ，为人，在从句中作ask的宾语，所以可用关系代词who或者whom或者that。故改为The person (who/whom/that) you should ask about the matter is Mr. Ball. 8．The fish we bought yesterday isn’t fresh./The fish that we bought yesterday isn’t fresh./The fish which we bought yesterday isn’t fresh. 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这条鱼不新鲜。我们昨天买了鱼。按照要求改写成含有定语从句的主从复合句，将第一句作为主句，第二句改成限制性定语从句，先行词是The fish，指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作bought的宾语，应用关系代词that/which引导，也可以省略关系代词。故答案为：The fish (that/which) we bought yesterday isn’t fresh.。 9．The writer whose short story won the contest was invited to the Reading Festival. 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：那位短篇小说获奖的作家被邀请参加读书节。定语从句用来修饰名词或代词，“His short story won the contest”可以作为定语从句，修饰the writer。定语从句的关系词用whose，whose代替his，做定语修饰short story。定语从句往往紧跟在它所修饰的名词后面。因此合并后的定语从句为：The writer whose short story won the contest was invited to the Reading Festival。 10．The long bridge which has been there for nearly fifty years still looks nice./The long bridge that has been there for nearly fifty years still looks nice 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：那座已经建了将近五十年的长桥看起来仍然很漂亮。题干分析可知，两个句子的主语一致，句子“The bridge has been there for nearly fifty years.”中的主语The bridge指的是“The long bridge still looks nice.”中的The long bridge，The bridge has been there for nearly fifty years可改为定语从句修饰名词短语The long bridge，先行词The long bridge指物，用关系代词which/that；两个句子可合并为一个含有定语从句的主从复合句The long bridge which/that has been there for nearly fifty years still looks nice.。故答案为：The long bridge which/that has been there for nearly fifty years still looks nice. 题型一 语篇语法填空（课文改编） Not so very long ago, people contacted their friends faraway only by writing letters. With 1. development of technology, people keep 2. touch with their friends with social media tools nowadays. They find their friends with the same 3. (interest) and maintain friendships, even though they live in different countries. However, there is one disadvantage of making friends online. People tend 4._________(post) only good things to make them appear happy and 5. (friend). In fact, we can't 6. (exact) know who the person on the Internet is. The person online may act as anyone 7. he likes to be. Although technology 8. (change) the way of making friends and 9. __________(maintain) friendships, the meaning of friendships and 10. (we) longing for friends remain the same. No one can live without a friend. 【答案】 1. the 2. in 3. interests 4. to post 5. friendly 6. exactly 7. who 8. has changed 9. maintaining 10. our 题型二 语法填空（模拟真题） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 A（山西省运城市2024-2025高一下学期期末考试） The Chengdu Museum has joined hands with the Louvre Museum and the British Museum to explore future cooperation. 1 the eve of International Museum Day, Chengdu Museum launched in-depth cooperation discussions with these two world-class museum s through online conferences. The Chengdu Museum and the Louvre Museum discussed cooperation 2 (matter) through an online meeting on the afternoon of May 14th. The Louvre Museum expressed its 3 (appreciate) for the Chengdu Museum’s ability to attract large audiences and raised hopes of 4 (deepen) the partnership through the introduction of high-quality exhibitions over the next five years. The initial plan is to promote a series of exhibitions 5 can reflect better times and people’s lives in France to Chengdu in 2026–2027. The Louvre’s classic exhibitions will be 6 (active) introduced to the Chengdu Museum in the next three years, providing Chengdu citizens with the opportunity 7 (experience) the cultural charm of romantic France at their doorstep. In the past few years, the Chengdu Museum 8 (maintain) close cooperation with top museums in France, the United Kingdom, and other places. The Chengdu Museum said it would continue to play 9 (it) role as a bridge for cultural exchanges, committed to introducing more high-quality exhibitions, promoting cultural exchanges, 10 contributing to Chengdu’s creation of a world-famous cultural city. 【答案】 1．On 2．matters 3．appreciation 4．deepening 5．which/that 6．actively 7．to experience 8．has maintained 9．its 10．and 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了成都博物馆与法国卢浮宫、英国大英博物馆展开合作探索的相关情况。 1．考查介词。句意：在国际博物馆日来临前夕，成都博物馆通过线上会议与这两所世界级博物馆展开了深入的合作洽谈。表示具体的某一天或某一天的早晚（如eve、morning、afternoon等），前面需用介词on，固定短语on the eve of，意为“在……前夕”，且设空处位于句首，首字母应大写。故填On。 2．考查名词复数。句意：5月14日下午，成都博物馆与卢浮宫博物馆通过线上会议就合作事宜进行了讨论。空格前为动词discussed，需填入名词作宾语。matter作名词时表示“事情、事务”，是可数名词；结合语境，双方讨论的合作事务不止一项，因此用复数形式matters。故填matters。 3．考查名词。句意：卢浮宫博物馆对成都博物馆吸引大量观众的能力表示赞赏，并希望在未来五年通过引入高质量展览来深化合作关系。根据空前its可知，设空处应用不可数名词appreciation，作expressed的宾语。故填appreciation。 4．考查动名词。句意：卢浮宫博物馆对成都博物馆吸引大量观众的能力表示赞赏，并希望在未来五年通过引入高质量展览来深化合作关系。设空处应用动名词，作介词of的宾语。故填deepening。 5．考查定语从句。句意：初步计划是在2026–2027年向成都推出一系列能展现法国美好时代与人们生活的展览。设空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词exhibitions，指物，且关系词在从句中作主语，故应用关系代词which或that引导。故填which/that。 6．考查副词。句意：未来三年内，卢浮宫的经典展览将被积极引入成都博物馆，为成都市民提供在家门口体验浪漫法国文化魅力的机会。设空处应用副词actively，修饰动词introduced，作状语。故填actively。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：未来三年内，卢浮宫的经典展览将被积极引入成都博物馆，为成都市民提供在家门口体验浪漫法国文化魅力的机会。设空处应用非谓语动词，名词opportunity后常用不定式作后置定语。故填to experience。 8．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：过去几年里，成都博物馆与法国、英国等国家的顶级博物馆保持着密切合作。设空处作谓语，根据时间状语In the past few years可知，句子应用现在完成时，主语the Chengdu Museum是第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填has maintained。 9．考查形容词性物主代词。句意：成都博物馆表示，将继续发挥其作为文化交流桥梁的作用，致力于引入更多优质展览、推动文化交流，并为成都建设世界知名文化城市贡献力量。设空处应用形容词性物主代词its，修饰名词role，作定语。故填its。 10．考查连词。句意：成都博物馆表示，将继续发挥其作为文化交流桥梁的作用，致力于引入更多优质展览、推动文化交流，并为成都建设世界知名文化城市贡献力量。设空处连接三个并列的动名词短语introducing more high-quality exhibitions，promoting cultural exchanges和contributing to Chengdu’s creation of a world-famous cultural city，应用并列连词and。故填and。 B（广东省茂名市2024-2025高一下学期期末考试） Today I thought I’d blog about a question that has been asked many times — how do you stay safe online and avoid bad experiences on the Internet? I’m not an expert, 1 many years as a blogger have taught me a thing or two. First of all, there’s the golden rule of the Internet: If you see or read something that 2 (make) you feel uncomfortable, leave the site 3 (immediate). Don’t post comments or click on anything. Second, protect your privacy. Don’t give out your address or phone number. Someone might use the information 4 (steal) your identity. Identity theft is a common and serious problem. Third, be polite. Being online is no excuse 5 being rude, and you don’t want to become a target for a troll or cyberbully. A troll is a person 6 posts comments or questions in order to stir up trouble online. Trolls often use several false 7 (name) so that they can stay on a site. A cyberbully uses the Internet to be mean to others. Like a troll, a cyberbully will also write something mean but it is usually directed at particular people. He or she may also post 8 (embarrass) photos and information about those people. However, the 9 (polite) you are, the less likely it is you 10 (attack). 【答案】 1．but 2．makes 3．immediately 4．to steal 5．for 6．who/that 7．names 8．embarrassing 9．more polite 10．will be attacked 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了如何在网上保持安全和避免不良经历，并从离开不良网站、保护隐私、保持礼貌等方面给出了一些实用的建议。 1．考查连词。句意：我不是专家，但多年的博客经验教会了我一些东西。根据句意可知，此处前后句之间为转折关系，应用连词but连接。故填but。 2．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：首先，这是互联网的黄金法则：如果你看到或读到让你感到不舒服的东西，立即离开这个网站。此处为定语从句的谓语动词，先行词为不定代词something，所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，结合上下文时态可知，这里陈述客观规则，应用一般现在时。故填makes。 3．考查副词。句意：首先，这是互联网的黄金法则：如果你看到或读到让你感到不舒服的东西，立即离开这个网站。此处为副词作状语修饰动词leave，immediate的副词为immediately，意为“立即”。故填immediately。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：有人可能会利用这些信息来窃取你的身份。此处为非谓语动词作目的状语，所以用不定式形式。故填to steal。 5．考查介词。句意：上网并不是粗鲁无礼的借口，你也不想成为恶意评论者或网络恶霸的目标。an excuse for doing sth.为固定短语，意为“做某事的借口”。故填for。 6．考查定语从句。句意：恶意评论者是指为了在网上挑起事端而发表评论或提问的人。此处为限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词a person指人，所以应用关系代词who或that来引导。故填who/that。 7．考查名词复数。句意：恶意评论者经常使用几个假名，以便能留在某个网站上。根据句意以及空前several可知，此处应用可数名词name的复数形式。故填names。 8．考查形容词。句意：他或她可能还会发布那些人的尴尬照片和信息。此处为形容词作定语修饰名词photos and information，embarrass的形容词embarrassing意为“令人尴尬的”，符合句意。故填embarrassing。 9．考查比较级。句意：然而，你越有礼貌，你受到攻击的可能性就越小。此处为固定句型“the + 比较级，the + 比较级”意为“越……，越……”，所以此处应用形容词polite的比较级形式。故填more polite。 10．考查时态和语态。句意：然而，你越有礼貌，你受到攻击的可能性就越小。分析句子结构可知，此处为谓语动词，根据句意可知，此处描述的是将来的事情，所以应用一般将来时，attack与主语you之间为被动关系，所以用一般将来时的被动语态。故填will be attacked。 题型三、完形填空（河南省南阳市2024-2025高一下学期期末考试） Having lost my job, I was feeling out of sorts. So I 1 an art class, where I met Rosemary. When I arrived, the place was 2 . I only found a small table at the back, feeling left out. That’s when Rosemary came in. She looked around and then 3 me. While we 4 the teacher, Rosemary broke the 5 , “I’m Rosemary, and I’m in a war with breast cancer!” Her smile was broad and seemed so full of 6 . I was at a loss what to say and then the teacher arrived. The course was six weeks long. By the third week, we had become friends. She missed the fourth week, and of course I 7 . At last, she came back in the fifth week and seemed okay. “I bet you thought I died, right?” she 8 . On the last day, Rosemary invited me for coffee. Over doughnuts, I 9 how losing my job had left me feeling lost, and how I worried about finding another 10 . Rosemary listened and then said, “Instead of worrying, 11 the small things you’re thankful for each day, like the sun shining.” I took her 12 , and tried to think about small things instead of 13 stressing over my job — a flower, a kind smile… It really 14 . When I realized there were many beautiful things in my life, I was 15 . And at the same time, I regretted that I had missed so much. Her gift to me was no “small thing”; it was hope. 1．A．longed for B．registered for C．set up D．gave up 2．A．packed B．quiet C．modern D．deserted 3．A．recognized B．invited C．helped D．joined 4．A．greeted B．approached C．expected D．assisted 5．A．rule B．silence C．promise D．routine 6．A．doubt B．regret C．life D．curiosity 7．A．feared B．hesitated C．quit D．forgot 8．A．reminded B．joked C．repeated D．recalled 9．A．imagined B．mentioned C．ignored D．proved 10．A．position B．class C．hobby D．friend 11．A．change B．share C．require D．follow 12．A．place B．lead C．advice D．chance 13．A．rarely B．eventually C．constantly D．briefly 14．A．worked B．lasted C．occurred D．existed 15．A．calm B．terrified C．worried D．Surprised 【答案】 1．B 2．A 3．D 4．C 5．B 6．C 7．A 8．B 9．B 10．A 11．D 12．C 13．C 14．A 15．A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者失业后参加艺术班结识患癌的Rosemary，受其启发积极面对生活的故事。 1．考查动词短语辨析。句意：所以我报名参加了一个艺术班，在那里我遇到了罗斯玛丽。A. longed for渴望；B. registered for报名参加；C. set up建立；D. gave up放弃。根据上文“Having lost my job”及下文“an art class”可知，作者丢了工作后，心情不佳，所以报名参加艺术班。故选B。 2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我到达时，那个地方挤满了人。A. packed拥挤的；B. quiet安静的；C. modern现代的；D. deserted荒芜的。根据下文“I only found a small table at the back”可知，作者只找到了后面的一张小桌子，说明地方很拥挤。故选A。 3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她环顾四周，然后加入了我。A. recognized认出；B. invited邀请；C. helped帮助；D. joined加入。根据上文“When I arrived, the place was ___2___. I only found a small table at the back, feeling left out. That’s when Rosemary came in. She looked around”可推知，地方很拥挤，罗斯玛丽到来时没有什么位置，所以她加入了作者，也就是和作者坐在了一起。故选D。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我们期待老师的到来时，罗斯玛丽打破了沉默。A. greeted打招呼；B. approached靠近；C. expected期待；D. assisted帮助。根据下文“the teacher, Rosemary broke the ___5___”可知，是在等待老师的过程中，罗斯玛丽开始和我说话。故选C。 5．考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. rule规则；B. silence沉默；C. promise承诺；D. routine常规。根据上文“That’s when Rosemary came in. She looked around and then ___3___ me.”可知，作者与罗斯玛丽是第一次见面，他们互不认识，所以之前是沉默的。故选B。 6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她的笑容很灿烂，似乎充满了活力。A. doubt怀疑；B. regret后悔；C. life活力；D. curiosity好奇心。根据上文“Her smile was broad”可知，罗斯玛丽的笑容很灿烂，所以充满了活力。故选C。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她错过了第四周，我当然很担心。A. feared担心；B. hesitated犹豫；C. quit退出；D. forgot忘记。根据上文“She missed the fourth week”可知，罗斯玛丽错过了第四周的课，作者作为朋友会担心她。故选A。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我敢打赌你以为我死了，对吧？”她开玩笑说。A. reminded提醒；B. joked开玩笑；C. repeated重复；D. recalled回忆。根据上文“I bet you thought I died, right?”可知，罗斯玛丽在开玩笑。故选B。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：吃着甜甜圈，我提到失业让我感到迷茫，以及我担心找不到另一份工作。A. imagined想象；B. mentioned提到；C. ignored忽视；D. proved证明。根据下文“how losing my job had left me feeling lost”可知，作者向罗斯玛丽提到了自己失业后的感受。故选B。 10．考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. position职位；B. class班级；C. hobby爱好；D. friend朋友。根据上文“losing my job”可知，作者失业了，所以担心找不到另一份工作。故选A。 11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：罗斯玛丽听了，然后说：“与其担心，不如关注你每天感激的小事，比如阳光照耀。”A. change改变；B. share分享；C. require要求；D. follow跟随，密切关注。根据下文“ I took her ___12___, and tried to think about small things instead of ___13___ stressing over my job”可知，罗斯玛丽建议作者去关注每天感激的小事。故选D。 12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我接受了她的建议，试着去想一些小事，而不是不断地为工作而烦恼——一朵花，一个善意的微笑……A. place地方；B. lead领导；C. advice建议；D. chance机会。根据上文“Instead of worrying, ___11___ the small things you’re thankful for each day”可知，这是罗斯玛丽给作者的建议。故选C。 13．考查副词词义辨析。句意同上。A. rarely很少地；B. eventually最终；C. constantly不断地；D. briefly短暂地。根据上文“I ___9____ how losing my job had left me feeling lost, and how I worried about finding another ___10___”可知，作者之前一直在为工作而烦恼，即不断地烦恼。故选C。 14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这真的很有效。A. worked起作用；B. lasted持续；C. occurred发生；D. existed存在。根据下文“When I realized there were many beautiful things in my life”可知，作者意识到生活中有很多美好的事物，说明罗斯玛丽的建议起作用了。故选A。 15．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我意识到生活中有很多美好的事物时，我平静了下来。A. calm平静的；B. terrified害怕的；C. worried担心的；D. surprised惊讶的。根据下文“When I realized there were many beautiful things in my life”可知，作者意识到生活中有很多美好的事物，所以心情变得平静。故选A。 1 / 15 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 4 Friends forever 核心语法精练（关系代词引导的定语从句） 目录 1 B 考点夯基·专项突破 2 一、单句语法填空 2 二、合并句子 3 C 综合攻坚·能力跃升 4 题型一 语篇语法填空（课文改编） 4 题型二 语篇语法填空（模考真题） 5 题型三 完形填空 6 关系代词引导的定语从句 引导代词类型 具体代词 适用先行词 在从句中充当成分 是否可省略 示例句子 关系代词（指人） who 人（主语、宾语） 主语、宾语 作宾语时可省略，作主语不可 - 作主语：The girl who is standing there is my sister. - 作宾语：The man (who) you met yesterday is a doctor. whom 人（仅作宾语） 宾语（可接介词提前） 可省略（接介词时不可单独省略） - 直接作宾语：The student (whom) the teacher praised is very hardworking. - 接介词：The girl to whom you spoke is from Canada. that 人（非正式用法，可替代 who/whom） 主语、宾语 作宾语时可省略 - 作主语：The boy that won the game is my cousin. - 作宾语：The actress (that) we talked about is very famous. 关系代词（指物） which 物（主语、宾语） 主语、宾语（可接介词提前） 作宾语时可省略 - 作主语：The book which lies on the desk is mine. - 接介词：The house in which he lived is now a museum. that 物（可替代 which） 主语、宾语 作宾语时可省略 - 作主语：The car that was stolen has been found. - 作宾语：The gift (that) she gave me is very special. 关系代词（指人 / 物） whose 人或物（表所属关系） 定语（后接名词） 不可省略 - 指人：The girl whose bag was lost is crying. - 指物：I bought a book whose cover is blue. 一、单句语法填空 1．The reason he gave for his being late was he got up late.(用适当的词填空) 2．Those take an active part in sports are energetic. (用适当的词填空) 3．Henry was pleased with I told him and all I gave him. (用适当的词填空) 4．Amy can’t forget the company and the manager she visited in Shanghai years ago. (用适当的词填空) 5．The rescue work followed was carried out by people from all over the country. (用适当的词填空) 6．Workers built shelters for people homes had been destroyed. (用适当的词填空) 7．Then I read an article said I should make a change. (用适当的词填空) 8．Happiness is the greatest wealth one can pursue. (用适当的词填空) 9．The building wall is white is our library. (用适当的词填空) 10．In our childhood, we have a great fondness for chicken soup flavor becomes tied up with the feeling of being taken care of. (用适当的词填空) 11．The people are dangerously overweight should take immediate action to lose weight properly. (用适当的词填空) 12．In Prague, Winton saw people living in terrible conditions and lives were in danger. (用适当的词填空) 13．During exam time we have a special programme tells students the things they should do. (连词) （用适当的词填空） 14．The event Maple Estate (住宅区) residents are eagerly looking forward to is just around the corner! (用适当的词填空) 15．The man invented this writing system is a linguist. (用适当的词填空) 16．Tu Youyou is the scientist discovery has led to the development of new drugs. (用适当的词填空) 17．Those dreams come true are always determined and never give up. （用适当的词填空） 18．China’s Zheng Qinwen reached the US Open quarter-finals for a second time with victory over Donna Vekic she also defeated in the Paris Olympics. (用适当的词填空) 19．The concert hall has the most wonderful atmosphere can make the audience fully immersed in the music. (用适当的词填空) 20．Boys, please don’t talk about such things you don’t understand at all. (用适当的词填空) 二、合并句子。将两个句子合并为一个含有定语从句的句子。 1．The boys are playing football. The boys are my friends. _________________________________________________________________________ 2．The reporter is interviewing a woman. The woman’s family survived the earthquake. _________________________________________________________________________ 3．The initial poems were written from the perspective of a mother. The mother loves her baby at play and at rest, in laughter and in tears. 4．She lit a match and saw a Christmas tree. The tree was decorated very nicely. 5．It was written by the Indian poet Tagore. Tagore was the first Asian to win the Nobel Prize in Literature. 6．I have a friend. He likes listening to classical music. 7．The person is Mr. Ball. You should ask him about the matter. 8．The fish isn’t fresh. We bought the fish yesterday. 9．The writer was invited to the Reading Festival. His short story won the contest. 10．The long bridge still looks nice. The bridge has been there for nearly fifty years. 题型一 语篇语法填空（课文改编） Not so very long ago, people contacted their friends faraway only by writing letters. With 1. development of technology, people keep 2. touch with their friends with social media tools nowadays. They find their friends with the same 3. (interest) and maintain friendships, even though they live in different countries. However, there is one disadvantage of making friends online. People tend 4._________(post) only good things to make them appear happy and 5. (friend). In fact, we can't 6. (exact) know who the person on the Internet is. The person online may act as anyone 7. he likes to be. Although technology 8. (change) the way of making friends and 9. __________(maintain) friendships, the meaning of friendships and 10. (we) longing for friends remain the same. No one can live without a friend. 题型二 语法填空（模拟真题） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 A（山西省运城市2024-2025高一下学期期末考试） The Chengdu Museum has joined hands with the Louvre Museum and the British Museum to explore future cooperation. 1 the eve of International Museum Day, Chengdu Museum launched in-depth cooperation discussions with these two world-class museum s through online conferences. The Chengdu Museum and the Louvre Museum discussed cooperation 2 (matter) through an online meeting on the afternoon of May 14th. The Louvre Museum expressed its 3 (appreciate) for the Chengdu Museum’s ability to attract large audiences and raised hopes of 4 (deepen) the partnership through the introduction of high-quality exhibitions over the next five years. The initial plan is to promote a series of exhibitions 5 can reflect better times and people’s lives in France to Chengdu in 2026–2027. The Louvre’s classic exhibitions will be 6 (active) introduced to the Chengdu Museum in the next three years, providing Chengdu citizens with the opportunity 7 (experience) the cultural charm of romantic France at their doorstep. In the past few years, the Chengdu Museum 8 (maintain) close cooperation with top museums in France, the United Kingdom, and other places. The Chengdu Museum said it would continue to play 9 (it) role as a bridge for cultural exchanges, committed to introducing more high-quality exhibitions, promoting cultural exchanges, 10 contributing to Chengdu’s creation of a world-famous cultural city. B（广东省茂名市2024-2025高一下学期期末考试） Today I thought I’d blog about a question that has been asked many times — how do you stay safe online and avoid bad experiences on the Internet? I’m not an expert, 1 many years as a blogger have taught me a thing or two. First of all, there’s the golden rule of the Internet: If you see or read something that 2 (make) you feel uncomfortable, leave the site 3 (immediate). Don’t post comments or click on anything. Second, protect your privacy. Don’t give out your address or phone number. Someone might use the information 4 (steal) your identity. Identity theft is a common and serious problem. Third, be polite. Being online is no excuse 5 being rude, and you don’t want to become a target for a troll or cyberbully. A troll is a person 6 posts comments or questions in order to stir up trouble online. Trolls often use several false 7 (name) so that they can stay on a site. A cyberbully uses the Internet to be mean to others. Like a troll, a cyberbully will also write something mean but it is usually directed at particular people. He or she may also post 8 (embarrass) photos and information about those people. However, the 9 (polite) you are, the less likely it is you 10 (attack). 题型三、完形填空（河南省南阳市2024-2025高一下学期期末考试） Having lost my job, I was feeling out of sorts. So I 1 an art class, where I met Rosemary. When I arrived, the place was 2 . I only found a small table at the back, feeling left out. That’s when Rosemary came in. She looked around and then 3 me. While we 4 the teacher, Rosemary broke the 5 , “I’m Rosemary, and I’m in a war with breast cancer!” Her smile was broad and seemed so full of 6 . I was at a loss what to say and then the teacher arrived. The course was six weeks long. By the third week, we had become friends. She missed the fourth week, and of course I 7 . At last, she came back in the fifth week and seemed okay. “I bet you thought I died, right?” she 8 . On the last day, Rosemary invited me for coffee. Over doughnuts, I 9 how losing my job had left me feeling lost, and how I worried about finding another 10 . Rosemary listened and then said, “Instead of worrying, 11 the small things you’re thankful for each day, like the sun shining.” I took her 12 , and tried to think about small things instead of 13 stressing over my job — a flower, a kind smile… It really 14 . When I realized there were many beautiful things in my life, I was 15 . And at the same time, I regretted that I had missed so much. Her gift to me was no “small thing”; it was hope. 1．A．longed for B．registered for C．set up D．gave up 2．A．packed B．quiet C．modern D．deserted 3．A．recognized B．invited C．helped D．joined 4．A．greeted B．approached C．expected D．assisted 5．A．rule B．silence C．promise D．routine 6．A．doubt B．regret C．life D．curiosity 7．A．feared B．hesitated C．quit D．forgot 8．A．reminded B．joked C．repeated D．recalled 9．A．imagined B．mentioned C．ignored D．proved 10．A．position B．class C．hobby D．friend 11．A．change B．share C．require D．follow 12．A．place B．lead C．advice D．chance 13．A．rarely B．eventually C．constantly D．briefly 14．A．worked B．lasted C．occurred D．existed 15．A．calm B．terrified C．worried D．Surprised 1 / 15 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$