选择性必修第1册 UNIT 1 PEOPLE OF ACHIEVEMENT(Word练习)-【精讲精练】2026年高考英语一轮复习（人教版）

[对应学生用书P494] (限时：30分钟) Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2025·八省联考)Jim Johnson，a mail carrier，was an institution in the leafy Westmoreland，Westhaven and Westover Hills neighborhoods，just north of downtown Wilmington，where he delivered much more than the mail.He knew all the kids and their pets by name; he carried in the groceries; he took note of unlocked doors，offered gardening advice，and taught more than a few young boys the art of the curveball.When he wasn't doing all that，Jim was running across a checkerboard of green lawns(草坪) to ensure the local postal service did not fall short of its daily promise. Though the postal service is often disparaged now，the trust in local postal service lives on.In many communities，that trust is won every day when life­saving medicine，greeting cards，social security checks，college acceptance letters—even the bills—appear in mailboxes in front of the houses. After more than three decades，Jim approached his final days on the job much like any other.He drove a boxy postal truck to North DuPont Road for the first unofficial stop of the day.Butch，a dog who belonged to one of the neighbors，was waiting just like every day before.And just like every day before，he got into the jump seat and they were off.On the route，Jim and Butch had become inseparable.Now，the dog and the mailman would ride off to retirement together.At every stop，Jim accepted the parting good wishes of families that had become his own.There were tears and laughter，and hugs filled with warm memories. It's been 33 years since Jim left the route，but we are still reminded of the deep bond established between community and letter carrier.That's what the postal service means to us. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了邮递员吉姆·约翰逊在工作中热心帮助邻里，与大家建立了深厚感情，在他退休33年后，作者依然记得他，表达了对他的怀念。 1．What do we know about Jim Johnson from the first paragraph? A．He's open­minded. B．He's sharp­eyed. C．He's warm­hearted. D．He's strong­willed. 解析　C　推理判断题。根据第一段中“He knew all the kids and their pets by name; he carried in the groceries; he took note of unlocked doors，offered gardening advice，and taught more than a few young boys the art of the curveball.When he wasn't doing all that，Jim was running across a checkerboard of green lawns (草坪) to ensure the local postal service did not fall short of its daily promise.(他知道所有孩子和他们宠物的名字；他把杂货搬进来；他注意到那些没锁的门，提供园艺方面的建议，还教了几个小男孩曲球的艺术。当他不做这些事情的时候，吉姆会跑过棋盘状的绿色草坪，以确保当地的邮政服务不会达不到每天的承诺。)”可推知，吉姆·约翰逊是一个热心肠的人。故选C。 2．What does the underlined word “disparaged” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Refused. B．Criticized. C．Investigated. D．Suspended. 解析　B　词句猜测题。根据画线单词所在句“Though the postal service is often disparaged now，the trust in local postal service lives on.(虽然邮政服务现在经常disparaged，但人们对当地邮政服务的信任仍然存在。)”可知，前后句是转折关系，后半句说对当地邮政服务的信任依然存在，那么前半句应该是说邮政服务现在做得不好，由此可推知，邮政服务经常被看不起或批评。画线词disparaged与“Criticized(批评)”意思相近。故选B。 3．What did Jim do besides daily delivery on his final days of work? A．He drove Butch to its owner. B．He sent presents to his friends. C．He prepared a retirement party. D．He said goodbye to the neighbors. 解析　D　细节理解题。根据第三段中“At every stop，Jim accepted the parting good wishes of families that had become his own.There were tears and laughter，and hugs filled with warm memories.(每到一站，吉姆都会接受那些已经成为他自己的家人的告别祝福。有泪水，有欢笑，有充满温暖回忆的拥抱。)”可知，吉姆在工作的最后几天除了每天送货外，还向邻居们告别。故选D。 4．What is the author's purpose in writing the text? A．To remember a respected mail carrier. B．To record an unforgettable experience. C．To raise funds for the postal service. D．To call for harmony in the community. 解析　A　推理判断题。根据文章大意以及最后一段“It's been 33 years since Jim left the route，but we are still reminded of the deep bond established between community and letter carrier.That's what the postal service means to us.(吉姆离开这条路线已经33年了，但我们仍然记得社区和邮递员之间建立的深厚联系。这就是邮政服务对我们的意义)”可知，文章主要讲述了邮递员吉姆·约翰逊在工作中热心帮助邻里，与大家建立了深厚感情，在他退休33年后，作者依然记得他，表达了对他的怀念。由此推知，作者写这篇文章的目的是纪念一位受人尊敬的邮递员。故选A。 B (2025·江西赣州模拟)For Mireille Kamariza，a graduate student at one of the world's top universities，the fight against tuberculosis (TB) (结核病)，which sickens nearly 10 million people a year，is not just about scientific progress and reputation.It's personal. Kamariza grew up in the small African country of Burundi，where many around her were stricken with TB.In Burundi，it's rare for girls to attend college.“Science was something that Europeans and Americans did，” she says.“It was for other people—not for me.” “I never dreamt Kamariza would become a scientist because it is a career path that is unknown in Burundi，” says Denise Sinankwa，Kamariza's mother.She and her husband were raising four kids，and Sinankwa often did multiple jobs to feed the family.But Sinankwa still pushed Kamariza to do well in school.She wanted her daughter to land a good­paying job and be able to support herself. When Kamariza was 17，she went to San Diego，US，in the fall of 2006 with her brothers.They took various jobs at grocery stores，restaurants and shops.At San Diego Mesa College，she met Saloua Saidane，her chemistry teacher，who was a fellow French­speaking African.“She started my journey into science.She really pushed me and kept motivating me and telling me I should aim high.Whatever she told me，I did，” says Kamariza.She is now a graduate student at Stanford University. Kamariza wanted to focus on infectious disease.So she started brainstorming with her partner，another graduate student，to figure out a quicker way to diagnose TB.They eventually came up with a new test that recognises a sugar，called trehalose，that is only found in TB bacteria (细菌).Current TB tests take a lot of time and effort and are not very sensitive—some infections are missed.TB cultures are more reliable but take six weeks to produce a result.Kamariza's methods could make TB diagnoses simpler and more accurate. In 2018，Harvard offered Kamariza a position in its Society of Fellows.“I'm the first black woman biologist at the society，” she says.“At that point，it's not about me any more.It's what I represent.” [语篇解读]　这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了生于布隆迪的Mireille Kamariza通过努力成为一名科学家并研发出了一种更快诊断结核病的方法的故事。 5．What can we infer about Denise Sinankwa? A．She once got infected with TB. B．She dreamt about being a scientist. C．She valued her daughter's education. D．She encouraged her kids to study science. 解析　C　推理判断题。根据第二段“But Sinankwa still pushed Kamariza to do well in school.She wanted her daughter to land a good­paying job and be able to support herself.”可知，Denise Sinankwa重视女儿的教育。故选C。 6．What does Kamariza say about Saloua Saidane? A．Saidane had a big influence on her. B．Saidane seldom spoke highly of her. C．Saidane had unrealistic expectations. D．Saidane was unfriendly to her students. 解析　A　细节理解题。根据第三段“‘She started my journey into science.She really pushed me and kept motivating me and telling me I should aim high.Whatever she told me，I did，’ says Kamariza”可知，卡玛扎认为萨鲁·赛丹对她影响很大。故选A。 7．Why did Kamariza work with her partner? A．To shorten the time used to cure TB. B．To produce more reliable TB cultures. C．To develop a faster test to diagnose TB. D．To figure out the bacteria leading to TB. 解析　C　细节理解题。根据第四段“So she started brainstorming with her partner，another graduate student，to figure out a quicker way to diagnose TB.”可知，卡玛扎要和她的搭档合作是为了开发一种更快的结核病诊断方法。故选C。 8．What can we learn from Kamariza's experience? A．Luck often plays a vital part in scientific research. B．We should pursue our passions despite difficulties. C．Hard work does not necessarily pay off eventually. D．Scientific progress and the reputation matter equally. 解析　B　推理判断题。根据最后一段“‘I'm the first black woman biologist at the society，’ she says.‘At that point，it's not about me any more.It's what I represent.’”结合文章讲述了生于布隆迪的Mireille Kamariza通过努力成为一名科学家并研发出了一种更快诊断结核病的方法的故事。可知，Kamariza的经历告诉我们即使困难重重，我们应该追求我们的激情。故选B。 C (2025·山西太原检测)Crouching on all fours on Widdybank Fell in Teesdale，Margaret Bradshaw，a 97­year­old botanist，calls out the names of some rare plants.This part of the uplands is a seemingly empty landscape，heavily grazed (吃草) by sheep，but it hides botanical treasures that have been here for more than 10，000 years.Some of the plants can't be found anywhere else in the UK and —until Bradshaw arrived on the scene—many were unaccounted for. Bradshaw is the chief caretaker of some of the country's rarest flowers.She has spent seven decades studying the unique flora (植物群) of Teesdale，in the north of England.Although once they were widespread in Britain，now only a few remain，and 28 species are threatened with extinction. Bradshaw has just written a 288­page book on the subject，Teesdale's Special Flora: Places，Plants and People，published as part of the Princeton Wild Guides series.The Teesdale flora is celebrated because it is a mix of alpine­arctic (高寒的) flowers and southern European species; nowhere else in Britain do they all grow together. Now，though，the area's unique features are under threat.Bradshaw has been recording rare plants here since the early 1950s and has witnessed great declines.Since the 1960s，plant abundance has dropped by 54%on average.Some have essentially disappeared，such as the dwarf milkwort，down by 98%，and the hoary whitlow­grass，down by 100%. She says，“We've got various buildings in the country—Stonehenge，Durham Cathedral，and others; if they were falling apart，there would be groups and money helping stop it，because people would say we can't let this happen.” These flowers'communities are much older，and in some respects they are more beautiful. The main reason for the decline of these plants is an unusual one—not enough sheep.The number of sheep on the areas had been reduced by half by 2000，as the uplands were generally believed to be overgrazed.Bradshaw says while some upland areas are damaged by sheep，reducing grazing on Teesdale has been devastating．Longer grass overshadows the delicate flowers，taking away the light they need to grow. [语篇解读]　这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了97岁高龄的植物学家Margaret Bradshaw花费数十年研究英格兰北部Teesdale地区特有的植物群，然而这些植物群正面临灭绝的威胁。 9．Why is the flora in Teesdale unique? A．It is site­specific. B．There is a book about it. C．It is under strict protection. D．There are many sheep feeding on it. 解析　A　推理判断题。根据第一段“Some of the plants can't be found anywhere else in the UK”及第三段中“nowhere else in Britain do they all grow together”可知，该植物群的独特之处在于其仅存在于该地区。故选A。 10．Why are some buildings mentioned in paragraph 5? A．To recommend popular tourist attractions. B．To recognize their historic value. C．To draw attention to the flora in Teesdale. D．To praise the conservation efforts. 解析　C　推理判断题。根据文章第五段可知，本段提到英国的一些著名建筑是为了说明如果这些建筑即将崩塌，会有团队和资金来帮助阻止这种情况的发生。而这些植物群比这些建筑更古老，却没有得到应有的关注。由此可推知，提到这些建筑物是为了引起人们对Teesdale地区植物群的关注。故选C。 11．What is the main threat to the flora in Teesdale? A．Overgrazing in upland areas. B．Reduced sheep population. C．Response to climate change. D．Lack of enough shadows. 解析　B　细节理解题。根据最后一段“The main reason for the decline of these plants is an unusual one—not enough sheep.”可知，Teesdale地区独特的植物群面临的主要威胁是羊的数量减少。故选B。 12．What does the underlined word “devastating” in the last paragraph mean? A．Innovative. B．Satisfying. C．Challenging. D．Destructive. 解析　D　词句猜测题。根据上文“The main reason for the decline of these plants is an unusual one—not enough sheep.The number of sheep on the areas had been reduced by half by 2000, as the uplands were generally believed to be overgrazed.”和下文“Longer grass overshadows the delicate flowers，taking away the light they need to grow.” 可知，Teesdale独特的植物群面临的主要威胁是羊的数量减少。虽然一些高地地区被羊破坏了，但减少在Teesdale的放牧却具有破坏性。长长的草遮住了娇嫩的花朵，带走了它们生长所需要的光。因此，devastating意为“破坏性的”。故选D。 Ⅱ.七选五 (2025·辽宁沈阳质量监测)Problem­solving skills are increasingly valuable in the workplace—and could help you achieve more in your personal life too.Here's how to enhance your strategy. Develop analytical thinking The key to effective problem­solving is the ability to break down complex issues into smaller, more manageable components： 1 ．This involves systematically deconstructing a problem, understanding its differences and identifying the relationships between its various elements.Begin by clearly defining the problem at hand, identifying its key components and recognizing the interconnections between them. Promote creativity 2 ．To develop creativity, you must engage in activities that can stimulate your imagination and form new ideas.Additionally, exposing yourself to different fields, experiences and cultures can serve as a source of creative problem­solving. Strengthen communication skills Clear and brief communication is the key to effective problem­solving, acting as the bridge that connects diverse perspectives and adjusts individuals toward a common goal.Good communication begins with the art of expression.This needs choosing the right words and structuring information logically.Active listening, on the other hand, is the skill of receiving information with focus. 3 ． Learn from mistakes Mistakes are not failures but a good way to gain success. 4 ．Analyze what goes wrong, identify areas for improvement and use this knowledge to inform your future problem­solving efforts.It not only accelerates the learning process but also encourages collective problem­solving skills. 5 The journey to becoming an expert problem solver is an ongoing process of growth and improvement.Seeking continuous learning opportunities ensures that you stay ahead of changing challenges and acquire the necessary skills.Furthermore, networking with professionals in your field provides a good way of shared learning. A．Stay well informed B．Seek continuous learning C．Improving it requires a structured approach D．Each mistake will give you a chance to think and learn E．Out­of­the­box thinking is essential for problem­solving F．These will make sure your message is easy to understand G．It involves not just hearing words but understanding the differences [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了培养解决问题的能力的几个具体做法。 1．解析　C　空前一句提到有效解决问题的关键是把复杂问题分成更小的、更可处理的部分的能力，空后一句提到这就涉及系统性地拆解一个问题，理解它的不同并且确认各种因素之间的关系。C项“改善这个能力需要一个有结构的方法”承上启下，符合语境。C项中的“it”指代上文的“the ability”。故选C。 2．解析　E　本段小标题是“提升创造力”，空后说为了发展创造力你需要做什么。故E项“非常规思维对解决问题至关重要”能承上启下，符合语境。E项中的“Out­of­the­box thinking(非常规思维)”与小标题中的“creativity”是同义转换。 3．解析　G　空前讲主动倾听是有重点地接收信息的技巧。G项“它不仅仅涉及听话而且还涉及理解不同点”进一步讲述了主动倾听的相关信息，承接上文，符合语境。故选G。 4．解析　D　空前讲错误不是失败，而是获得成功的好途径，D项“每一个错误都会给你一次思考和学习的机会”承接上文，且能引出下文的具体如何做的内容，故选D。 5．解析　B　段落主旨句。下文讲到成为一个解决问题的专家是一个需要不断成长和完善的过程。寻求持续不断的学习机会确保你提前为变化着的挑战作准备并获得必要的技巧。因此可推知，该段主要讲述了第五个策略——寻求持续学习。故选B。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$