必修第3册 UNIT 4 SPACE EXPLORATION(Word练习)-【精讲精练】2026年高考英语一轮复习（人教版）

[对应学生用书P487] (限时：30分钟) Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2025·贵州贵阳质量监测)The United Arab Emirates is a small country with big ambitions.Possibly, nowhere is clearer than in its space program, which has already sent two astronauts to space and has a satellite probing (探查) the atmosphere around Mars. The country, over 50 years old, marked a milestone on Monday after Emirati astronaut Sultan Alneyadi returned to Earth in a SpaceX capsule following six months aboard the International Space Station.It was the longest space mission conducted by an Arab astronaut.Alneyadi also became the first person from the Middle East to conduct a spacewalk outside the ISS. Alneyadi, 42, was part of a four­person NASA Crew­6 mission that was launched in March and returned to Earth after 186 days in space.Alneyadi's time aboard the ISS highlights the country's regional edge in space exploration. “For me, it was a dream that had come true.It was really amazing, especially for my region，” Alneyadi said in a video conference a few days before leaving the ISS.“I felt that I'm responsible for showing what's happening aboard the station.I think it's a boost towards spreading the enthusiasm in our region.” The father of six and long­time military engineer has been praised as a national hero in the UAE since his return to Earth. The UAE's president, Sheikh Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan, referred to Alneyadi as “my son” in a post congratulating him on his achievement.He said, “Alneyadi's journey shows we are capable of contributing positively to humanity's scientific and civilized march.” Alneyadi, a Ph.D.holder in information technology, beat out thousands of candidates in the UAE, passing numerous physical and psychological tests to ensure he could stand the physical and mental stress of being in space for many months.He then trained in Russia and the US to become an astronaut. In one of his final social media posts from space, Alneyadi wrote, “Space, this is not a goodbye.I will see you later, whether on a new mission to the ISS or a farther destination.” [语篇解读]　这是一篇新闻报道。本文主要介绍了阿联酋的宇航员Sultan Alneyadi在国际空间站工作六个月后，于周一乘坐SpaceX的太空舱返回地球，该宇航员是第一个在国际空间站外进行太空行走的中东人。 1．What did Alneyadi say about his space exploration? A．It makes him responsible. B．It is inspiring in his region. C．It marks a milestone in spacewalks. D．It is an unrealistic space mission. 解析　B　细节理解题。根据第四段中Alneyadi谈到的自己的感受“I felt that I'm responsible for showing what's happening aboard the station.I think it's a boost towards spreading the enthusiasm in our region”可知，Alneyadi觉得自己有责任展示空间站上发生的一切，他认为这有助于在他们地区传播热情。由此可知，他认为他的太空之旅在他们地区是鼓舞人心的，故选B。 2．Why did the UAE's president call Alneyadi his son? A．To express his humor. B．To maintain their relationship. C．To show his pride in Alneyadi. D．To thank Alneyadi's family. 解析　C　推理判断题。根据第五段的描述可知，Alneyadi自返回地球后，被誉为阿联酋的民族英雄。第六段中阿联酋总统说Alneyadi的旅程表明他们有能力为人类的科学文明进程作出积极贡献。由此可推知，阿联酋总统称Alneyadi为儿子是为了表明他为Alneyadi感到骄傲，故选C。 3．What is paragraph 7 mainly about? A．How Alneyadi struggled for his dream. B．Why Alneyadi dreamt to be an astronaut. C．Why Alneyadi became popular worldwide. D．How Alneyadi obtained his academic degrees. 解析　A　主旨大意题。第七段谈到Alneyadi是信息技术专业的博士，他在阿联酋击败了数千名候选人，通过了无数的身体和心理测试，以确保他能够承受在太空中数月的身体和精神压力。然后，他为了成为一名宇航员，在俄罗斯和美国接受培训。由此可知，本段主要描述了Alneyadi为实现他的太空梦所付出的努力，故选A。 4．What does Alneyadi plan to do in the future? A．Say goodbye to space. B．Become an Internet influencer. C．Work on building a new ISS. D．Continue his space exploration. 解析　D　细节理解题。根据最后一段中Alneyadi写的话“Space, this is not a goodbye.I will see you later, whether on a new mission to the ISS or a farther destination.”(太空，这不是告别，我稍后会见到你，无论是在国际空间站的新任务中还是在更远的目的地)可知，Alneyadi未来会继续进行太空探索，故选D。 B (2025·湖北武汉质量调研)You have probably heard of the Fermi Paradox (费米悖论).Given the high probability that alien (外星人) life exists out there in the universe，why has nobody got in touch yet? Answers to the paradox range from the optimistic to the downright frightening.It could be that we simply haven't sent out our own traceable signatures for aliens to find us yet.Or it could be that no aliens will ever make it to the point where they are able to make contact with other species. In Three Body Problem，Cixin Liu's science fiction，he describes the universe as a dark forest，where each alien society is like a fearful，armed hunter cautiously moving forth.If that hunter finds other life，he is left with the safest course of action: to wipe out any other life forms before they can do the same to him. Being fearful contributes to humans'development. Our caution may save our lives when facing a genuine threat.“Take the initiative in the competition, and you may sleep more securely while getting extra resources，” says Seth Shostak，a senior astronomer. Thankfully，the Dark Forest has lots of issues that are difficult to resolve—the most obvious being that it's extremely difficult to hide a technologically advanced world.“We've never given the slightest thought to turning off all the radars (雷达) and going completely silent because it might be dangerous，” says Shostak. The forest theory also falls apart when you consider the true nature of the universe.“The distances between planets are likely to be so vast that the idea that they would feel the need to attack one another seems odd.Even if they fear each other，the expanse means that they wouldn't likely need to compete for the near­limitless resources，” says Shostak. That doesn't necessarily mean that the Dark Forest theory is a nonstarter.Addressing the holes in the theory requires adding up the terror factor.Suppose that a technological civilization is going from star to star destroying any sign of life whenever planets with life or technology are found.We don't see them because they're not there.That's the really scary thing. [语篇解读]　这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了费米悖论的答案差异很大，对于外星人的探索我们的谨慎可能会挽救我们的生命。 5．What do we know about the Fermi Paradox? A．It denies aliens'existence. B．It is studied thoroughly. C．Its answers vary considerably. D．Its answers are similar. 解析　C　细节理解题。根据第二段“Answers to the paradox range from the optimistic to the downright frightening.”可知，费米悖论答案差别很大。故选C。 6．What can be inferred from Shostak's words in paragraph 4? A．Fear is deadly. B．Attacks are risky. C．Fear dominates humans'development. D．Attacks has survival value. 解析　D　推理判断题。根据第四段“Being fearful contributes to humans'development.Our caution may save our lives when facing a genuine threat.‘Take the initiative in the competition，and you may sleep more securely while getting extra resources，’ says Seth Shostak，a senior astronomer.”可推知，肖斯塔克的意思是攻击具有生存价值。故选D。 7．Which factor challenges the Dark Forest theory according to Shostak? A．Aliens may not understand human culture. B．The vastness of space makes conflicts less likely. C．Advanced civilizations tend to compete for survival. D．Competition for resources could become more serious. 解析　B　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“‘The distances between planets are likely to be so vast that the idea that they would feel the need to attack one another seems odd.Even if they fear each other，the expanse means that they wouldn't likely need to compete for the near­limitless resources，’ says Shostak.”可知，肖斯塔克认为浩瀚的太空减少了冲突的可能性，挑战了黑暗森林理论。故选B。 8．Why does the author make the assumption in the last paragraph? A．To prove aliens are scary. B．To find holes in the theory. C．To add to horrible atmosphere. D．To warn us of the potential threat. 解析　D　细节理解题。根据最后一段“这并不一定意味着黑暗森林理论是不可能成功的。要弥补这个理论的漏洞，就需要把恐怖因素加起来。假设一个技术文明从一个恒星到另一个恒星，只要发现有生命或技术的行星，就摧毁任何生命的迹象。我们看不到它们，因为它们不存在。这才是真正可怕的事情”可知，作者在最后一段做出这样的假设是为了警告我们潜在的威胁。故选D。 C (2025·云南昆明模拟)Frying French fries in space may be possible，according to a recent study by Aristotle University of Thessaloniki，Greece. On Earth，we have gravity and buoyancy (浮力).Gravity makes sure that the oil stays in the cooker，and buoyancy allows the bubbles that come out of the fries to travel upward so that the fries are cooked.In space，which is under microgravity，there is no buoyancy.So scientists for long believed that frying wasn't possible. The research team first designed a sealed container that could fry the potato safely in zero gravity and then took the researchers on a ride.The plane climbed up，and then，at a certain point，headed down just like a roller coaster.There were about 20 seconds of microgravity when the plane reached the highest point，during which the team did tests. To their surprise，the fries were cooked，and the bubbles were able to escape.When being fried，the water inside the potato turned into vapor (水蒸气).The vapor created pressure when released from the potato.The pressure inside the potato allowed the bubbles to go out and let the oil come in，according to the research paper.It showed that “frying can occur in space”． This isn't the first attempt for scientists to deep­fry French fries in “space”．Early in 2014，a group of researchers conducted studies under various gravities.The agency's large centrifuge (离心机)can create artificial gravity from 1 to 20g，with “g” referring to the gravitational acceleration at the surface of the Earth.It has four arms and can spin fast.During the spin，things held by the arm are under centrifugal force，which is the source of artificial gravity.The fries were cooked under different gravities from 1 to 9g. They discovered that the French fries had the most crispy (脆的) chips under 3g.It's interesting to mention that Jupiter's gravity is 2.4 times that of Earth's gravity.So，French fries may have the perfect taste if cooked on Jupiter，compared with other planets in the solar system. [语篇解读]　这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了在太空中炸薯条可能成为现实的研究。 9．Why did the plane head down like a roller coaster? A．To make a weightless sense. B．To get appropriate pressure. C．To test the seal of the container. D．To create experiment conditions. 解析　D　推理判断题。根据文章第三段可知，飞机像过山车一样下降是为了创造实验条件。故选D。 10．What may make frying French Fries possible in space? A．The release of bubbles. B．The transformation of gravity. C．The reduction of vapor. D．The accumulation of buoyance. 解析　A　细节理解题。根据文章第四段“The vapor created pressure when released from the potato.The pressure inside the potato allowed the bubbles to go out and let the oil come in，according to the research paper.It showed that “frying can occur in space”．”可知，气泡的释放可能使得在太空中炸薯条成为可能。故选A。 11．What is the purpose of mentioning the studies conducted in 2014? A．To show the function of the centrifuge. B．To find common ground of various experiments. C．To prove the perfect taste of French fries on Jupiter. D．To offer more evidence about cooking French fries in space. 解析　D　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“This isn't the first attempt for scientists to deep­fry French fries in ‘space’．Early in 2014，a group of researchers conducted studies under various gravities.”可知，提到2014年的研究是为了提供更多关于在太空中烹饪薯条的证据。故选D。 12．Where is the text most probably taken from? A．A science magazine. B．A cook book. C．A food advertisement. D．A travel brochure. 解析　A　推理判断题。根据第一段“Frying French fries in space may be possible，according to a recent study by Aristotle University of Thessaloniki，Greece.”可知，文章主要讲述了在太空中炸薯条可能成为现实的研究。所以短文来自科学杂志。故选A。 Ⅱ.七选五 (2025·河南郑州质量预测)We all want to know what happiness means and try to find ways to help make our life better.Happiness—you know it when you see it, but it's hard to define.You might call it a sense of well­being, optimism or meaningfulness in life, although those could also be treated separately. 1 ，we know that we want it, and that is just somehow good. We also know that we don't always have control over our happiness.Research suggests that genetics may play a big role in our level of happiness, so some of us may start out at a disadvantage.On top of that, environmental factors can bring down mood and dry up our thirst for living. 2 ．Many studies have found a connection between psychological and physical well­being. A 2022 review of more than 200 studies found a connection between positive psychological features, such as happiness, optimism and life satisfaction, and a lowered risk of heart disease. 3 ．If you have a good sense of well­being, it's easier to maintain good habits：exercising, eating a balanced diet and getting enough sleep. 4 ， and they do not provide hard evidence of cause and effect.But some researchers believe that positive mental states do have a direct effect on the body, perhaps by reducing damaging physical processes.For instance, they found that optimism is associated with lower levels of inflammation (炎症). If what you mean by happiness is specifically “enjoyment of life”， there's newer evidence to support that, too.A study in the Canadian Medical Association Journal found that people aged 60 and over who said they enjoyed life less were more likely to develop disability over an 8­year period. 5 ．This study does not prove that physical problems are caused by less enjoyment of life, but suggests a relationship. A．But whatever happiness really is B．It might take more work if your mood is low C．For now these studies can only show associations D．That refers to the person, and the situation he or she is in E．Being able to travel around was also related to enjoyment of life F．To manage our emotions is important for both our body and mind G．It's not as simple as “you must be happy to prevent heart attacks”，though [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了对如何追求幸福、保持幸福的研究。 1．解析　A　空前讲幸福是什么很难定义，空后讲我们知道我们想要它。故A项“但不管幸福到底是什么”符合语境。此外，本空处于逗号前面，逗号后面是一个完整的句子，故空处应该是从句。结合选项可知，只有A项是从句。故选A。 2．解析　F　空前讲基因和环境因素都可能会影响我们的幸福指数，空后讲许多研究已经发现了心理健康和身体健康之间的联系，F项“管理我们的情绪对我们的身心都很重要”承上启下，符合语境。故选F。 3．解析　G　上一段讲“积极的心理特征和较低的心脏病得病率之间有联系”，G项“不过，这并不像‘你必须保持快乐来预防心脏病发作’那么简单”与上文形成转折关系，且能引出下文的“如果你有良好的幸福感，你就更容易保持好的习惯”。故选G。 4．解析　C　根据下文中的“they do not provide hard evidence...But some researchers believe”可知，空处讲的应该也是研究，C项中的“these studies”话题匹配，指代上文中的“200 studies”；结合空后的“they do not provide hard evidence of cause and effect(它们没有提供因果关系的确凿证据)”可知，这些研究只能够证明心理健康和身体健康之间的联系。故选C。 5．解析　E　结合本段首句中的“happiness is specifically ‘enjoyment of life’”可知，本段主要讲对幸福的狭义理解，即幸福就是享受生活。空前后讲的都与享受生活有关，E项“能够四处旅行也与享受生活有关”承接上文的“enjoyed life”，引出下文的“enjoyment of life”。故选E。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$