必修第2册 UNIT 1 CULTURAL HERITAGE(Word练习)-【精讲精练】2026年高考英语一轮复习（人教版）

[对应学生用书P462]

(限时：30分钟)

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

(2025·八省联考)Jane Jacobs spent her working life advancing a distinct vision of the city—in particular focusing on what makes a successful urban community.At the heart of her vision is the idea that urban life should be an energetic and rich affair，whereby people are able to interact with one another in dense (稠密) and exciting urban environments.She prefers disorder to order，walking to driving，and diversity to uniformity.

For Jacobs，urban communities are organic beings that should be left to grow and change by themselves and not be subject to the grand plans of so­called experts and officials.The best judges of how a city should be—and how it should develop—are the local residents themselves.Jacobs argues that urban communities are best placed to understand how their city functions，because city life is created and sustained through their various interactions.

Jacobs notes that the built form of a city is crucial to the life of an urban community，especially the sidewalks.The streets in which people live should be a tight pattern of crossed sidewalks，which allow people to meet，talk，and get to know one another.Such a complex but ultimately enriching set of encounters helps individuals know their neighbours and neighbourhood better.

Diversity and mixed­use of space are also，for Jacobs，key elements of this urban form.The commercial，business，and residential elements of a city should not be separated out but instead be side by side，to allow for greater integration of people.There should also be a diversity of old and new buildings，and people's interactions should determine how buildings get used and reused.

Finally，urban communities grow better in places where a critical mass of people live，work，and interact.Such high­density spaces are，she feels，engines of creativity and vitality.They are also safe places to be，because the higher density means that there are more “eyes on the street”： shopkeepers and locals who know their area and maintain a close watch over the neighbourhood.

[语篇解读]　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要介绍了Jacobs一生致力于推进一种独特的城市愿景，尤其关注是什么造就了一个成功的城市社区。

1．What does Jacobs find most important for a successful urban community?

A．Efficient public transport.

B．Strong interaction between people.

C．Uniform style of buildings.

D．A comparatively large population.

解析　B　细节理解题。根据文章第一段“At the heart of her vision is the idea that urban life should be an energetic and rich affair，whereby people are able to interact with one another in dense (稠密) and exciting urban environments.(她构想的核心在于，城市生活应当充满活力且丰富多彩，人们能够在密集且令人兴奋的城市环境中相互交流。)”可知，Jacobs认为对于一个成功的城市社区来说，人与人之间的强烈互动是最重要的。故选B。

2．Who does Jacobs think should make decisions on urban development?

A．Local residents.

B．Government officials.

C．City planners.

D．Construction workers.

解析　A　细节理解题。根据文章第二段“For Jacobs (对于Jacobs来说)”以及“The best judges of how a city should be—and how it should develop—are the local residents themselves.(一个城市应该如何发展，最好的评判者是当地居民自己。)”可知，Jacobs认为对城市发展作出决定的应该是当地居民。故选A。

3．How does Jacobs suggest sidewalks be built?

A．Lined with plants.

B．Painted with clear signs.

C．Tightly connected.

D．Convenient for the old.

解析　C　细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The streets in which people live should be a tight pattern of crossed sidewalks，which allow people to meet，talk，and get to know one another.Such a complex but ultimately enriching set of encounters helps individuals know their neighbours and neighbourhood better.(人们居住的街道应当是纵横交错的人行道构成的紧密格局，这样人们才能相遇、交谈并相互了解。这样一系列复杂但最终丰富的相遇，有助于人们更好地了解自己的邻居和社区。)”可知，Jacobs建议修建连接紧密的人行道。故选C。

4．According to Jacobs，the “eyes on the street” bring a sense of　　 ．

A．pride B．comfort

C．security D．urgency

解析　C　推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“They are also safe places to be，because the

higher density means that there are more ‘eyes on the street’： shopkeepers and locals who know their area and maintain a close watch over the neighbourhood.(它们也是安全的地方，因为人口密度高意味着有更多‘街头的眼睛’：店主和当地人熟悉自己的区域，并密切留意着社区的情况。)”可知，Jacobs认为，“街头的眼睛”给人们带来一种安全的感觉。故选C。

B

(2025·安徽合肥测试)A handshake seems to be a normal gesture.In fact，in the 9th century BC，an ancient site during the ruling of Shalmaneser Ⅲ clearly shows two figures holding hands.Centuries later，Shakespeare once wrote of two characters who shook hands and swore to be brothers in the book As You Like It.Shaking hands seems to be an ancient custom whose roots have disappeared in the sands of time.

Historians who have studied ancient etiquette (礼仪) books note that the modern handshake did not appear until the middle of the 19th century，when it was considered a slightly inappropriate gesture that could only be used between friends.But what if Shakespeare had written about handshaking hundreds of years earlier?

According to author Torbjdm Lundmark in his Tales of Hi and Bye：Greeting and Parting Rituals Around the World the problem comes in different definitions of the handshake.The early handshakes mentioned above were part of making deals or peace.Shakespeare was similarly referencing settlement of a conflict.

The modern handshake as a form of greeting is harder to trace.As a Dutch sociologist Herman Roodenburg—the chief authority for the history of handshaking—wrote in a chapter of an anthology called A Cultural History of Gesture，“More than in any other field，that of the study of gesture is one in which the historian has to make the most of only a few clues”．

As the centuries progressed，handshaking was replaced by more hierarchical (等级的) ways of greeting—like bowing.Handshaking survived in a few remote places，like in Dutch towns where some would use the gesture to make peace after disagreements.Around the same time，those who valued equality also made use of handshaking.Then，as the Continent's hierarchy was weakened，handshaking became a common practice among people of the same rank，as it is today.

[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。这篇文章主要介绍了握手这一古老的礼仪习俗的起源和演变。最后，文章指出握手在欧洲逐渐被鞠躬等具有等级意味的问候方式取代，但在一些地方仍然保留下来，并逐渐成为同等地位人们之间的常见问候方式。

5．Why does the author mention Shakespeare in the first two paragraphs?

A．To prove that the history of handshaking is hard to find.

B．To illustrate that handshaking is a very old custom.