2026年高考英语第一次模拟考试（上海卷）-2026年高考英语模拟考试

绝密★考试结束前 2026年高考第一次模拟考试（上海卷） 英语 （考试时间：90分钟 试卷满分：115分） 注意事项： 1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2．回答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在本试卷上无效。 3．回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 4．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 I. Grammar and Vocabulary （每题1分；共20分） Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. The victory of the book The printed book is back. Recent studies have shown that students remember more information when they read a hard-copy book compared to 1 (read) on a digital device. One school near where I live responded to these findings by getting rid of its e-readers. The students found, according to a teacher, the e-readers were costly and 2 “the ease of navigation” was superior when using a traditional book. E-books have its “navigational tools,” but it turns out that the best navigational devices 3 (be) your forefinger and thumb. You can use 4 to turn the pages forward and backward. 5 (think), all this time, those devices have just been sitting there at the end of your arm. Fans of digital books 6 point out that e-readers have a handy “search” tool. Old-fashioned books also have a search function, in which you turn back to the opening chapter to remind yourself of the hero’s surname. They even have a “bookmark system,” 7 uses a device called a “bookmark.” Can a traditional book offer all the features of an e-book? Alas, no. It lacks a “progress bar” indicating what percentage of the book 8 (read). Luckily, a “hack” is available: Turn your book so that it can be viewed 9 the side or top. It will naturally form two halves joined in the middle (“the spine”). 10 the left-hand half is thicker than the right-hand one, you are more than halfway through. 【答案】 1．reading 2．that 3．are 4．them 5．To think 6．may/might 7．which 8．has been read 9．from 10．If 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了纸质书重新受到青睐的现象，通过对比纸质书和电子书的阅读效果、功能等方面，说明了纸质书在记忆信息、导航等方面的优势，同时也以幽默的方式提及了电子书的一些功能在纸质书中也有对应的实现方式。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：最近的研究表明，与在数字设备上阅读相比，学生阅读纸质书时能记住更多的信息。 compared to为介词短语，后面需接动名词形式作宾语。故填reading。 2．考查宾语从句。句意：一位老师说，学生们发现，电子阅读器价格昂贵，而且使用传统书籍时“导航的便利性”更胜一筹。空处引导宾语从句，从句结构完整，不缺成分，需用连接词that引导。故填that。 3．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：电子书有它的“导航工具”，但事实证明，最好的导航设备是你的食指和拇指。此处陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，主语为devices，谓语动词使用复数形式。故填are。 4．考查代词。句意：你可以用它们来前后翻页。此处指代上文的forefinger and thumb，需用代词them作宾语。故填them。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：想想看，一直以来，这些设备就放在你手臂的末端。此处为非谓语动词作状语，此处用不定式作状语，表示惊讶或思考的情绪，需用不定式to think，且置于句首，首字母需大写。故填To think。 6．考查情态动词。句意：电子书的粉丝可能会指出，电子阅读器有一个方便的“搜索”工具。此处表示可能性，需用情态动词may/might。故填may/might。 7．考查定语从句。句意：它们甚至有一个“书签系统”，使用一种叫做“书签”的设备。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词a “bookmark system”，关系词在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词which引导。故填which。 8．考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：它缺少一个显示已读了多少书百分比的“进度条”。此处表示从过去到现在已经完成的动作，对现在造成的影响，使用现在完成时，主语what percentage of the book和read为被动关系，需用被动语态，主语表示单数概念，助动词用has。故填has been read。 9．考查介词。句意：幸运的是，有一个“窍门”：把你的书翻过来，从侧面或顶部看。view sth. from...为固定短语，意为“从……看某物”。故填from。 10．考查条件状语从句。句意：如果左半部分比右半部分厚，那么你已经读了一半以上。空处引导条件状语从句，需用if引导，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填If。 Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．consider  B．fixed-priced  C． higher-end  D．indecision  E. logic  F. minor G. practical  H. purchase  I. revealing  J. sacrifice  K. value The Power of Opportunity Costs While shopping for my first stereo (立体声音响), I spent an hour debating between a $1,000 Pioneer and a $700 Sony. Perhaps fearing that my 11 would cost him a sale, the salesman said, “Well, think of it this way — would you rather have the Pioneer, or the Sony and $300 worth of CDs?” The Sony — and it wasn’t even close. Twenty new CDs were too great a(n) 12 for the slightly more attractive Pioneer. Although I knew the price difference, I hadn’t thought of it in terms of what else the money could buy until the salesman framed it that way. If one assumes, as an economics textbook might, that consumers routinely calculate opportunity costs, this story is 13 . All decisions involve opportunity costs, but how consumers 14 them has received little attention from decision theorists and even less from marketers. Promotional messages often highlight product advantages or price differences, but spelling out what those differences mean in 15 terms may be more persuasive. A $300 difference can seem significant or not, depending on what else it could be spent on. Generally, firms selling cheaper products should highlight the opportunity costs of trading up, while those selling 16 products may want to avoid the topic. But the idea must be used carefully. The same 17 that leads someone to choose silver over gold could also lead them to choose bronze (铜) over silver. It’s also important that the lost opportunities are framed around things buyers actually 18 . One campaign once framed the cost of a large government program in terms of snack cakes per person per day — a(n) comparison so 19 that it weakened the argument. On the other hand, a De Beers ad cleverly showed a pair of diamond earrings with the line “Redo the kitchen next year,” suggesting that buying the earrings would only mean putting off home renovations (装修) for a little while. In reality, the earrings might cost as much as the entire kitchen redo, but the framing made the 20 seem reasonable. 【答案】 11．D 12．J 13．I 14．A 15．G 16．C 17．E 18．K 19．F 20．H 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过购物案例揭示“机会成本”对消费决策的影响，指出营销中通过对比实际替代选项而非抽象价差能更有效说服消费者，同时强调策略需针对目标受众灵活调整。 11．考查名词。句意：销售员可能担心我的犹豫不决会导致他失去这笔交易，便说：“不如这样想——你是想要先锋音响，还是索尼音响外加价值300美元的CD？”空处作主语，被my修饰，结合上文“I spent an hour debating between a $1,000 Pioneer and a $700 Sony”可推知，D项indecision“犹豫不决”符合题意，表示“我的犹豫不决会导致他失去这笔交易”。故选D。 12．考查名词。句意：二十张新CD对于稍微有吸引力的先锋音响来说是太大的牺牲了。空处作表语，空前有冠词，结合下文“in terms of what else the money could buy”可推知，J项sacrifice“牺牲”符合题意，表示“二十张新CD是太大的牺牲”。故选J。 13．考查形容词。句意：如果像经济学教科书假设的那样，消费者会常规性计算机会成本，这个故事就很有启发性。空处作表语，结合上文“I hadn’t thought of it in terms of what else the money could buy until the salesman framed it that way”可推知，I项revealing“有启迪作用的”符合题意，表示“这个故事就很有启发性”。故选I。 14．考查动词。句意：所有决策都涉及机会成本，但消费者如何考虑它们却很少被决策理论家研究，营销人员更鲜少关注。空处作从句的谓语，结合上文“consumers routinely calculate opportunity costs”可推知，A项consider“考虑”符合题意，表示“消费者如何考虑机会成本”。故选A。 15．考查形容词。句意：促销信息常强调产品优势或价差，但用实际的表述说明这些差异可能更有说服力。空处作修饰terms的定语，结合下文“depending on what else it could be spent on”可推知，G项practical“实际的”符合题意，表示“用实际的表述说明这些差异”。故选G。 16．考查形容词。句意：通常，低价产品商家应强调“升级消费”的机会成本，而高端产品商家可能想回避这个话题。空处作修饰products的定语，结合上文“firms selling cheaper products”可推知，C项higher-end“高端的”符合题意，表示“高端产品商家”。故选C。 17．考查名词。句意：同样的逻辑可能让人选择银而非金，也可能转而选择铜而非银。空处作主语，被The same修饰，结合上文“But the idea must be used carefully.”可推知，E项logic“逻辑”符合题意，表示“同样的逻辑”。故选E。 18．考查动词。句意：关键是要围绕消费者真正会重视的东西来表述“失去的机会”。空处作从句的谓语，结合上文叙述的作者因300美元的差价意味着二十张新CD而选择索尼音响，K项value“重视”符合题意，表示“消费者真正会重视的东西”。故选K。 19．考查形容词。句意：某次活动将政府大型项目的成本表述为人均每日零食开销——这种微小的对比反而削弱了论点。此处用so… that…引导结果状语从句，空处应用形容词或副词，结合“it weakened the argument”可推知，F项minor“微小的”符合题意，表示“这种微小的对比”。故选F。 20．考查名词。句意：实际上，耳环的价格可能相当于整个厨房的装修费用，但这种表述让购买看起来很合理。空处作宾语，空前有冠词the，结合上文“buying the earrings would only mean putting off home renovations (装修) for a little while”可推知，H项purchase“购买”符合题意，表示“让购买看起来很合理”。故选H。 II. Reading Comprehension (21 – 35题，每题1分；36 – 50题，每题2分；共45分) Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. One morning during lockdown, I joined a virtual open day for a selective school we were considering for our daughter. I expected the 21 : academic rankings, university offers, perhaps some images of tennis courts and music rooms. But the headmistress said something unexpected. She explained that the school’s mission was not only to support high-achieving students, but also to help them 22 the pressure of perfectionism — and the fear and self-doubt it can bring. My husband nodded quietly. I felt something different: a sudden breath, a moment of clarity. Her words stayed with me long after the call was over. I began to wonder why her message 23 me so strongly. Perhaps it was because, like many students of my generation, I had grown up in a system that praised perfect results, neat handwriting, and error-free essays. Perfectionism had been treated as a 24 . Later, in job interviews, it even became an indirect way to show off — something we presented as a weakness, but secretly hoped would 25 . 26 , psychologists like Thomas Curran argue that perfectionism is more damaging than it seems. He describes it as society’s “favourite fault” in one of his books. His research shows that perfectionism is increasing sharply, especially among young people. A particularly 27 type is “socially prescribed perfectionism” — the belief that one must be perfect to be accepted by others. This version is strongly linked to anxiety, depression, and burnout. It becomes more than a habit; it becomes a quiet 28 . What struck me most was how perfectionism had influenced not just my work or academic life, but my entire sense of self. It 29 in how I arranged my home, how I responded to feedback, and how I judged even small daily choices. I realised I had been living with the quiet belief that nothing I did was ever quite 30 . The headmistress’s words felt like a rare invitation — to let go of 31 standards. Could my daughter grow up without this pressure? Could I? It felt like 32 , not just to do my best, but to allow that best to be imperfect. And that felt strangely powerful. Not everyone sees perfectionism as damaging. Some believe it can be 33 if channelled in the right way. But for many, it becomes a(n) 34 — pushing us to achieve more, while making us feel like we’re always falling short. Maybe accepting ourselves as we are is an idea worth 35 — and maybe, just maybe, the most liberating one of all. 21．A．unexpected B．opposite C．ridiculous D．usual 22．A．recognize B．escape C．enhance D．reflect 23．A．affected B．changed C．defined D．frustrated 24．A．burden B．symptom C．beginning D．virtue 25．A．impress B．last C．disappear D．improve 26．A．Besides B．Instead C．So D．Yet 27．A．obvious B．old-school C．harmful D．rule-breaking 28．A．power B．resistance C．struggle D．request 29．A．took on B．turned down C．made off D．showed up 30．A．timely B．enough C．logical D．sincere 31．A．realistic B．impossible C．impersonal D．basic 32．A．permission B．responsibility C．standard D．review 33．A．abstract B．positive C．unstoppable D．expressive 34．A．trend B．symbol C．trap D．addiction 35．A．holding onto B．shooting down C．weighing up D．laying out 【答案】 21．D 22．B 23．A 24．D 25．A 26．D 27．C 28．C 29．D 30．B 31．B 32．A 33．B 34．C 35．A 【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。讲述了疫情封锁期间，作者参加女儿候选学校的线上开放日，校长关于帮助学生摆脱完美主义压力的话，引发作者对完美主义的反思。 21．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我原本以为会看到一些常见的内容：学术排名、大学录取信息，或许还会有一些网球场和音乐室的图片。A. unexpected意外的；B. opposite相反的；C. ridiculous可笑的；D. usual常见的。根据后文“academic rankings, university offers, perhaps some images of tennis courts and music rooms”主要列举的是一些常见的内容，故选D。 22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她解释说，这所学校的使命不仅是要支持成绩优异的学生，还要帮助他们摆脱完美主义带来的压力，以及这种压力所引发的恐惧和自我怀疑。A. recognize认可；B. escape逃走；C. enhance加强；D. reflect反思。根据上文“the school’s mission was not only to support high-achieving students, but also to help them”可知，学校帮助学生摆脱压力，故选B。 23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我开始思考，为什么她的这则消息会对我产生如此强烈的影响。A. affected影响；B. changed改变；C. defined定义；D. frustrated使沮丧。根据上文“I felt something different: a sudden breath, a moment of clarity. Her words stayed with me long after the call was over.(我却感到了一些不同之处：一瞬间的深呼吸，片刻的清醒。在电话结束之后，她的那些话仍萦绕在我的心头)”可知，对方的消息影响了作者。故选A。 24．考查名词词义辨析。句意：完美主义曾被视为一种美德。A. burden负担；B. symptom症状；C. beginning开始；D. virtue美德。根据上文“Perhaps it was because, like many students of my generation, I had grown up in a system that praised perfect results, neat handwriting, and error-free essays.(或许这是因为，和我这一代的许多学生一样，我是在一个推崇完美成绩、整洁书写和无误作文的教育体系中长大的)”可知，完美主义曾被视为一种美德。故选D。 25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：后来，在求职面试中，它甚至成了一种间接的自我炫耀方式——我们把某些本想掩盖的缺点当作优势来展示，而内心却希望借此给面试官留下深刻印象。A. impress使印象深刻；B. last持续；C. disappear消失；D. improve改善。根据上文“in job interviews”可知，指在面试中希望让面试官印象深刻，得到工作。故选A。 26．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，像托马斯·柯伦这样的心理学家认为，完美主义的危害程度远比其表面看起来要严重得多。A. Besides此外；B. Instead反而；C. So所以；D. Yet然而，但是。上文提到了完美主义被看做优点，后文指出了其危害，为转折关系，用yet。故选D。 27．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一种极具危害性的类型是“社会强加的完美主义”——即认为只有做到完美才能获得他人的认可。A. obvious显然的；B. old-school古旧的；C. harmful有害的；D. rule-breaking打破规则的。根据上文“perfectionism is more damaging”可知，此处指有害的完美主义。故选C。 28．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这不再仅仅是一种习惯，而变成了一种默默的挣扎。A. power力量；B. resistance反对；C. struggle挣扎，努力；D. request要求。根据上文“This version is strongly linked to anxiety, depression, and burnout.(这种状况与焦虑、抑郁以及职业倦怠有着密切的关联)”可知，完美主义成为了挣扎。故选C。 29．考查动词短语辨析。句意：这体现在我布置家居的方式上、我对待反馈的态度上，以及我评判日常小决定的方式上。A. took on承担；B. turned down拒绝；C. made off逃走；D. showed up出现。后文“how I arranged my home, how I responded to feedback, and how I judged even small daily choices”是完美主义在作者的生活中出现的地方。故选D。 30．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我意识到自己一直以来都深信着这样一个观点：无论我做什么，都不够好。A. timely及时的；B. enough足够的；C. logical逻辑的；D. sincere真诚的。与前文“perfectionism”呼应，指作者认为自己做什么都不够好。故选B。 31．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：校长的话就像是一个难得的“放手”的机会，让我能够放弃那些不切实际的标准。A. realistic务实的；B. impossible办不到的，不可能的；C. impersonal非个人的；D. basic基本的。上文提到作者完美主义，要求事事完美，即拥有不切实际的标准。故选B。 32．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这感觉就像是得到了一种许可，不仅允许我全力以赴，还允许我将这份全力以赴表现得不那么完美。A. permission许可；B. responsibility责任；C. standard标准；D. review复习。根据后文“not just to do my best, but to allow that best to be imperfect”可知，校长的话像一种许可，允许不那么完美的表现。故选A。 33．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有些人认为，如果能以正确的方式加以引导，那么它可能会产生积极的影响。A. abstract抽象的；B. positive积极的；C. unstoppable无法阻挡的；D. expressive有表现力的。根据后文“if channelled in the right way”可知，有人认为若引导得当，完美主义可“积极”。“positive”与“damaging”形成对比。故选B。 34．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但对许多人而言，它却变成了一种陷阱——它促使我们不断追求更多，却让我们总觉得自己总是达不到目标。A. trend趋势；B. symbol象征；C. trap陷阱；D. addiction上瘾。根据后文“pushing us to achieve more, while making us feel like we’re always falling short”可知，完美主义让我们追求更多，但总是达不到目标，即成为了一种陷阱。故选C。 35．考查动词短语辨析。句意：或许接受真实的自己是一个值得坚持的理念——而且，也许，仅仅是也许，这可能是所有理念中最为令人感到自由的一种。A. holding onto抓紧；B. shooting down击落；C. weighing up审视；D. laying out布局。根据上文“Maybe accepting ourselves as we are is an idea worth”指接受本真的自己值得“坚持”。故选A。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. A Gabriela worked for a multinational company as a successful project manager in Brazil and was transferred to manage a team in Sweden. She was excited about her new role but soon realised that managing her new team would be a challenge. Despite their friendliness, Gabriela didn’t feel respected as a leader. Her new staff would question her proposals openly in meetings, and when she announced her decisions on the project, they would continue giving their opinions as if it was still up for discussion. What Gabriela was experiencing was a cultural conflict in expectations. She was used to a more hierarchical framework where the team leader and manager took control and gave specific instructions on how things were to be done. This more directive management style worked well for her and her team in Brazil but did not transfer well to her new team in Sweden, who were more used to a flatter hierarchy where decision making was more democratic. Dutch social psychologist Geert Hofstede uses the concept of “power distance” to describe how power is distributed and how hierarchy is perceived in different cultures. In her previous work environment, Gabriela was used to a high power distance culture where power and authority are respected and everyone has their rightful place. In such a culture, leaders make the big decisions and are not often challenged. Her Swedish team, however, were used to working in a low power distance culture where subordinates often work together with their bosses to find solutions and make decisions. Here, leaders act as coaches or mentors who encourage independent thought and expect to be challenged. When Gabriela became aware of the cultural differences between her and her team, she took the initiative to have an open conversation with them about their feelings about her leadership. Pleased to be asked for their thoughts, Gabriela’s team openly expressed that they were not used to being told what to do. They enjoyed having more room for initiative and creative freedom. With a better understanding of the underlying reasons behind each other’s behaviour, Gabriela and her team were able to adapt their way of working. Gabriela was then able to make adjustments to her management style so as to better fit the expectations of her team and more effectively motivate her team to achieve their goals. 36．Gabriela found it a challenge to manage her new team because her Swedish team ____________. A．preferred discussions to giving opinions B．lacked clear communication guidelines C．valued cooperative decision-making D．tended to keep a leader at a distance 37．The word “hierarchical” in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ____________. A．structured B．external C．de-centralised D．short-sighted 38．Which of the following describes behaviors typical in a low power distance culture? ①　The manager acts as a guide but encourages input from the team. ②　Team members do not usually challenge the manager. ③　The manager involves the team in making decisions together. ④　The manager has a lot of control over what happens. ⑤　Team members can take the initiative to do things their way. A．①④⑤ B．②③④ C．①③⑤ D．③④⑤ 39．What’s the main idea of the passage? A．Strict hierarchies ensure successful projects globally. B．Power distance solves cultural conflicts effectively. C．Swedish teams resist leadership due to lower expectation. D．Cultural hierarchy gaps require adapting management styles. 【答案】36．C 37．A 38．C 39．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了Gabriela从巴西调至瑞典管理团队时遭遇文化冲突。她习惯的高权力距离文化下的管理方式，在瑞典低权力距离文化的团队中行不通。后来她意识到文化差异，通过沟通，调整管理风格以适应团队，从而更好地激励团队达成目标。 36．细节理解题。根据第三段“her new team in Sweden, who were more used to a flatter hierarchy where decision making was more democratic(她在瑞典的新团队更习惯扁平化的等级制度，在这种制度下决策更加民主)”以及第四段“Her Swedish team, however, were used to working in a low power distance culture where subordinates often work together with their bosses to find solutions and make decisions.(然而，她的瑞典团队习惯在低权力距离文化中工作，在这种文化中，下属经常与老板一起寻找解决方案并做出决策)” 可知，Gabriela发现管理新团队有挑战是因为瑞典团队重视合作决策。故选C。 37．词义猜测题。根据第三段 “She was used to a more hierarchical framework where the team leader and manager took control and gave specific instructions on how things were to be done.(她习惯了一种更…… 的框架，在这个框架中，团队领导和经理掌控局面，并就如何做事给出具体指示)” 可知，在这个框架中，团队领导和经理掌控局面，并就如何做事给出具体指示，所以“hierarchical”描述的是一种有层级、结构化的框架。故选A。 38．细节理解题。根据第四段 “Her Swedish team, however, were used to working in a low power distance culture where subordinates often work together with their bosses to find solutions and make decisions. Here, leaders act as coaches or mentors who encourage independent thought and expect to be challenged.(然而，她的瑞典团队习惯在低权力距离文化中工作，在这种文化中，下属经常与老板一起寻找解决方案并做出决策。在这里，领导者扮演教练或导师的角色，鼓励独立思考并期待被挑战)” 以及第五段 “They enjoyed having more room for initiative and creative freedom.(他们喜欢有更多的主动性和创作自由空间)” 可知，在低权力距离文化中，经理充当引导者并鼓励团队成员参与决策（①），经理会让团队参与共同做决策（③），团队成员能主动按自己的方式做事（⑤）。选项②“团队成员通常不挑战经理”，这是高权力距离文化的特点；选项④“经理对所发生的事情有很大控制权”，不符合低权力距离文化中团队共同决策的特点。所以①③⑤正确，故选C。 39．主旨大意题。文章讲述了Gabriela从巴西调至瑞典管理团队时遭遇文化冲突。她习惯的高权力距离文化下的管理方式，在瑞典低权力距离文化的团队中行不通。后来她意识到文化差异，通过沟通，调整管理风格以适应团队，从而更好地激励团队达成目标。选项D“文化等级差距需要调整管理风格”符合文章主旨，故选D。 B The Annual Ig Nobel Prizes Honor Special Scientific Achievements On Sept 12, the 2024 Ig Nobel Prizes were awarded in the US. Created in 1991 by Marc Abrahams, a writer in the US, these prizes honor scientific studies that “make people laugh, then think”. Here are some winners from this year. Not as old as you thinkA healthy diet and good genes have contributed to higher life expectancy around the world. But there is also something else, such as mistakes in demographic (人口的) data and possible pension fraud. Saul Justin Newman from the UK found almost 80 percent of the people over 110 years old have no birth certificate. In the US, over 500 people claim to be over 110, but only seven have birth certificates. So the number of very old people might be exaggerated. Some people may even be lying about their birth for more pension. “Side effect” of side effectsMedicine often has side effects that add to patients’ discomfort. So a perfect treatment should have no side effects at all, right? Not necessarily. A team led by Lieven Schenk in Germany did an experiment. They made two fake medicines. Neither could reduce pain, and the second type could cause a burning feeling in the nose. The team then asked 77 healthy volunteers to randomly take one of the medicines, after which they would receive a “dose” of pain. The scientists found that those taking the second type of medicine reported less pain. They had felt the burning and took it as a sign of the medicine “working”. The research showed that in such cases, side effects may not be a bad thing. Plant that can “see” and imitateIn 2013, scientists discovered a strange vine called Boquila trifoliolata (勃奎拉藤). It could change the shape of its leaves to look like other plants nearby. Jacob White in the US and Felipe Yamashita in Germany wanted to know why. They planted the vine under a shelf, and placed a plastic plant above the shelf. As the vine grew taller, only the part of it that reached over the shelf looked like the plastic plant. Therefore, the scientists suggested that some plants could “see” what’s happening around them and imitate the shapes of neighboring plants. 40．Which of the following statements about the Ig Nobel Prizes is TRUE? A．The Ig Nobel Prizes are held every three years. B．The 2024 Ig Nobel Prizes were intended to remember the founder. C．The Ig Nobel Prizes honor amusing but inspiring scientific studies. D．The 2024 Ig Nobel Prizes have three winners covering different fields. 41．Which of the following is a reason for the growing number of very old people worldwide? A．Economic development enables people to live longer. B．People claim to be older in order to get their birth certificate. C．A majority of the supposed old people can’t prove their real age. D．Older people are so forgetful that they don’t remember their birth date. 42．By doing the “side-effect” experiment on volunteers, scientists find that ________. A．side effects of a medicine are annoying and unavoidable B．the second type of medicine is more effective than the first C．the two fake medicines can actually work to relieve the pain D．the side effects can lead people to think that the medicine works 【答案】40．C 41．C 42．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了“搞笑诺贝尔奖”，并且介绍了2024年“搞笑诺贝尔奖”的获奖者。 40．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Created in 1991 by Marc Abrahams, a writer in the US, these prizes honor scientific studies that “make people laugh, then think”.( 该奖项于1991年由美国作家马克·亚伯拉罕（Marc Abrahams）创立，旨在表彰那些“让人发笑，然后思考”的科学研究)”可知，搞笑诺贝尔奖是为了表彰那些“让人先发笑，然后思考”的科学研究，即有趣但又有启发性的科学研究。故选C项。 41．细节理解题。根据Not as old as you think中“Saul Justin Newman from the UK found almost 80 percent of the people over 110 years old have no birth certificate. In the US, over 500 people claim to be over 110, but only seven have birth certificates.( 来自英国的索尔·贾斯汀·纽曼发现，近80%的110岁以上老人没有出生证明。在美国，超过500人声称自己超过110岁，但只有7人有出生证明)”以及“So the number of very old people might be exaggerated. Some people may even be lying about their birth for more pension.( 因此，高龄老人的数量可能被夸大了。有些人甚至可能为了更多的养老金而谎报自己的出生)”可知，世界上声称年龄很大的人中有很大一部分无法证明自己的真实年龄，这可能是导致世界上非常年长的人数增加的一个原因。故选C项。 42．细节理解题。根据“Side effect”of side effects中“The scientists found that those taking the second type of medicine reported less pain. They had felt the burning and took it as a sign of the medicine “working”.( 科学家们发现，服用第二种药物的人报告的疼痛更少。他们感到了灼烧感，并认为这是药物“起作用”的标志)”可知，通过对志愿者进行“副作用”实验，科学家发现药物的副作用会让人们认为药物起作用了。故选D项。 C Beneath its icy surface, the Antarctic Ocean — a vast and remote wilderness — houses a hidden world of microscopic life, including clouds of krill (磷虾). These tiny creatures, just a few inches long, are among the most plentiful and important animals on Earth. Rod Downie, chief polar adviser at WWF-UK, describes Antarctic krill as the “superheroes of the Southern Ocean.” They serve as a critical food source for marine wildlife, including whales, penguins, seals, and seabirds. They feed on microscopic plants in sea ice, which absorb CO2, and are in turn eaten by whales. When whales release waste, it fertilizes marine plants that help cool the planet. However, the unsustainable fishing of krill could disturb this cycle. Downie says, “We urgently need to protect krill habitats within a network of marine protected areas. This project could give us a new tool to help monitor and safeguard this vital species.” But monitoring these organisms presents a grand challenge for scientists. Traditional methods, such as ship-based surveys and sampling, are time-consuming, expensive, and geographically limited. Scientists are using slight differences in seawater colour to count Antarctic krill from space. Dr Cait McCarry, a researcher from the University of Strathclyde, recently returned from Antarctica, where she conducted experiments to measure this effect. She explained, “We start with seawater, then add a krill and measure how much light the water absorbs. Then we add another krill and take another measurement.” This process helps scientists understand how krill concentration affects ocean colour, enabling them to track krill populations from space. The technology isn’t without its limitations. Factors such as cloud cover, sea ice, and variations in water clarity can affect the accuracy of satellite measurements. Furthermore, while satellite data provides information about the overall biomass, it doesn’t provide detailed information on the species composition or the health of individual organisms. And in such cases, field studies, with its unique capacity for on-the-ground investigation, are ready to assume an essential role for a more comprehensive understanding. From the seemingly insignificant variations in seawater color to the complex interplay of life within the Antarctic food web, scientists continue to reveal the complicated workings of this vital ecosystem. Their dedication and the innovative tools they employ offer hope for a future where we can better understand and protect the wonders of our planet. 43．Krill are described as “superheroes of the Southern Ocean” because ______. A．they provide an essential monitoring method B．their vast species dominate the Antarctic Ocean C．they regulate the temperature of Earth in a certain way D．their movements indicate ocean temperatures precisely 44．It can be concluded that ______. A．light absorption changes with krill concentration B．krill’s waste helps plants absorb CO2 more efficiently C．the species of deep-sea plants are enriched due to krill D．krill are mainly threatened by natural hunters like whales 45．What can be inferred from the passage? A．Oceanic research centers around marine life’s complex interactions. B．Though minor now, water color changes promise future discoveries. C．Given overfishing, greater emphasis should be laid on the composition of krill species. D．A full understanding of krill requires integration of satellite monitoring and field studies. 46．What is the passage mainly about? A．The urgency and challenges of studying krill. B．The development of new methods to study krill. C．The role of krill in the ecosystem and efforts to monitor them. D．The impact of human activities on krill and ways to counter it. 【答案】43．C 44．A 45．D 46．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了南极磷虾在南大洋生态系统中扮演着重要角色，是众多海洋生物的关键食物来源，且在调节地球温度方面有重要作用。 43．细节理解题。根据第二段“They serve as a critical food source for marine wildlife, including whales, penguins, seals, and seabirds. They feed on microscopic plants in sea ice, which absorb CO2, and are in turn eaten by whales. When whales release waste, it fertilizes marine plants that help cool the planet.(它们是包括鲸鱼、企鹅、海豹和海鸟等海洋野生动物的重要食物来源。它们以海冰中的微小植物为食，这些植物吸收二氧化碳，而它们又反过来被鲸鱼吃掉。当鲸鱼排出粪便时，它会给海洋植物施肥，帮助地球降温)”可知，磷虾被称为 “南大洋超级英雄” 是因为它们以某种方式调节了地球的温度。故选 C。 44．推理判断题。根据第四段 “She explained, “We start with seawater, then add a krill and measure how much light the water absorbs. Then we add another krill and take another measurement.” This process helps scientists understand how krill concentration affects ocean colour, enabling them to track krill populations from space.(她解释说：“我们从海水开始，然后加入一只磷虾并测量水吸收了多少光。然后我们再加入一只磷虾并进行另一次测量。” 这个过程帮助科学家了解磷虾浓度如何影响海洋颜色，使他们能够从太空追踪磷虾的数量。）可推知，光的吸收随着磷虾浓度的变化而变化。故选 A。 45．推理判断题。根据第四段“Scientists are using slight differences in seawater colour to count Antarctic krill from space.(科学家们正在利用海水颜色的细微差异从太空计算南极磷虾的数量)以及第五段 “Factors such as cloud cover, sea ice, and variations in water clarity can affect the accuracy of satellite measurements. Furthermore, while satellite data provides information about the overall biomass, it doesn’t provide detailed information on the species composition or the health of individual organisms. And in such cases, field studies, with its unique capacity for on-the-ground investigation, are ready to assume an essential role for a more comprehensive understanding.(云层覆盖、海冰和水的清澈度等因素会影响卫星测量的准确性。此外，虽然卫星数据提供了关于总体生物量的信息，但它没有提供关于物种组成或个体生物健康的详细信息。在这种情况下，实地研究凭借其独特的实地调查能力，准备在更全面的了解中发挥重要作用)”可推知，要全面了解磷虾，需要将卫星监测和实地研究相结合。故选 D。 46．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章前两介绍了磷虾在南极海洋生态系统中作为重要食物来源，以及它们在调节地球温度方面的作用；后面几段讲述了科学家面临监测磷虾的挑战，采用了利用海水颜色从太空监测磷虾的新技术，同时也指出了该技术的局限性，以及实地研究的重要性。选项 C“磷虾在生态系统中的作用以及监测它们的努力”能概括文章的大意。故选 C。 Section C Directions: Read the following passages. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. The Rise of Plushie(毛绒玩具)Culture It looked like a typical fish-and-chip shop. Chefs tended to frying baskets and wrapped orders in newspaper. However, this “catch of the day” was entirely inedible. The London pop-up shop by Jellycat, a famous plush toy brand, sold soft fish with plushie lemons instead of real seafood. 47 TikTok videos with the Plushies tag, showing different kinds of stuffed toys like cartoon characters and creative shapes, have been watched almost 8 billion times. Crazy shopping scenes in some pop-up shops are extremely mind-blowing. 48 . According to research firm Circana, soft toys are now the second most popular toys in the UK, with sales jumping 58% since 2021.The global plush toy market was worth $11.7 billion in 2023 and is expected to grow by 8% each year until 2030. The business is so profitable that Warren Buffett bought the company behind Squishmallows in 2022, calling it a money-making “jewel”. Surprisingly, children aren’t driving this demand. 49 . The pandemic strengthened this shift, as isolated individuals sought comfort in nostalgic items. “Plushies bring happiness in a stressful world,” says Lucy Dray, an online retailer. Social media influencers promote “healing your inner child” through collecting. 50 . They claim that the growing obsession with soft toys reflects a reluctance to embrace adult responsibilities and a desire to withdraw into the comfort of childhood. However, this perspective overlooks the deeper emotional and psychological benefits that plushies can provide. In a fast-paced, often overwhelming world, plushies offer a connection to simpler, happier times. Rather than a sign of immaturity, the plushie craze may simply highlight a universal human need for comfort and joy, regardless of age. A．The target instead is “kidults” (aged 12+), accounting for over 25% of toy sales. B．The playful concept mirrored a global trend: the world has gone soft for soft toys. C．That is because more children turned to plush companions for emotional support. D．Critics will argue that the plushie craze is a sign of an “infantilised” generation. E．High prices only enhance their appeal, making them luxury collectibles. F．Even with strict purchase limits, fans still line up for hours to get limited editions. 【答案】47．B 48．F 49．A 50．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了毛绒玩具文化的兴起。毛绒玩具不再只是小孩子的玩具，在这个快节奏、压力巨大的世界里，毛绒玩具让人联想到更简单、更快乐的时代，而不是不成熟的标志，毛绒玩具热潮可能只是突显了人类对舒适和快乐的普遍需求，无论年龄大小。 47．根据上文“It looked like a typical fish-and-chip shop. Chefs tended to frying baskets and wrapped orders in newspaper. However, this “catch of the day” was entirely inedible. The London pop-up shop by Jellycat, a famous plush toy brand, sold soft fish with plushie lemons instead of real seafood.(这家店乍看是一家典型的炸鱼薯条店。系围裙的厨师们忙着照看油炸篮和用报纸包裹的餐点。但这家位于伦敦百货公司塞尔福里奇的店铺有着别样的收获：顾客们争相抢购的是毛茸茸的鱼和柠檬玩具，而非真正的海鲜)”及下文“TikTok videos with the Plushies tag, showing different kinds of stuffed toys like cartoon characters and creative shapes, have been watched almost 8 billion times.(带有Plushies标签的TikTok视频，展示了卡通人物和创意形状等不同种类的填充玩具，已经被浏览了近80亿次)”可知，此处应该解释上文的奇特现象，指出人们对毛绒玩具的追捧痴迷。由此可知，B. The playful concept mirrored a global trend: the world has gone soft for soft toys.(这个好玩的概念反映了一种全球趋势：世界对毛绒玩具的喜爱程度越来越高)符合语境。故选B项。 48．根据上文“Crazy shopping scenes in some pop-up shops are extremely mind-blowing.(一些快闪商店里疯狂的购物场景非常令人兴奋)”可知，人们疯狂购买毛绒玩具。由此可知，F. Even with strict purchase limits, fans still line up for hours to get limited editions.(即使有严格的购买限制，粉丝们仍然要排几个小时的队来买限量版)符合语境。故选F项 49．根据上文“Surprisingly, children aren’t driving this demand.(令人惊讶的是，孩子们并没有推动这种需求)”可知，人们一向认为孩子们喜欢毛绒玩具，而上一句说目前疯狂购买毛绒玩具的却不是孩子。选项说明消费的主体是谁。A. The target instead is “kidults” (aged 12+), accounting for over 25% of toy sales.(目标是“成年孩子”（12岁以上），占玩具销售额的25%以上)符合语境。故选A项。 50．根据下文“They claim that the growing obsession with soft toys reflects a reluctance to embrace adult responsibilities and a desire to withdraw into the comfort of childhood.(他们声称，对毛绒玩具日益增长的痴迷反映出人们不愿承担成人的责任，渴望回到童年的舒适中)”可知，有人认为成年人迷恋毛绒玩具是不愿承担成年人的责任。由此可知，D. Critics will argue that the plushie craze is a sign of an “infantilised” generation.(批评人士会说，对毛绒玩具的狂热是“幼稚化”一代的标志)符合语境，是对这种现象的负面评价，其中Critics呼应下文主语They。故选D项。 III. Summary Writing (10分) 51．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Keeping Kids Interested in Science Is a Matter of Language Parents often delight in their children’s inborn curiosity about the world, from toddlers marveling at rolling balls to older kids questioning why the sky is blue. But as children age, their enthusiasm for science can decrease. Research suggests a surprising cause: the language adults use. Well-intentioned phrases like “Let’s be scientists!” or “You’re a great scientist!” may backfire. Such identity-focused language can faintly signal that science is reserved for “scientist-types” — often labeled as white men. When children don’t see themselves reflected in that image, they may disengage. For example, studies show that young girls persist longer in science tasks when encouraged with action-focused cues like “Let’s do science” rather than identity-based phrases. This shift highlights a key insight: framing science as activities (observing, experimenting, asking questions) rather than a fixed identity keeps curiosity alive. So now parents are perhaps thinking, “Great, I will just focus on doing science and the actions that make up the scientific process!” And certainly that is likely to be effective even as children transition from childhood to adolescence and into early adulthood. But it’s also true that, around adolescence, kids are actively trying on and ultimately forming different identities for themselves. So while identity-focused language about science might be demotivating for young children, identity-focused language may help teens stay interested in science. For example, cueing a future identity (e. g., scientist, doctor) that is based on science motivated middle schoolers to do more homework, and was associated with higher grades. That might be because if teens think of themselves as scientists, then they are willing to do what it takes to be whom they want to become. By balancing these strategies, adults can nurture both short-term curiosity and long-term passion. After all, Science isn’t just for “scientists” — it’s a process anyone can engage in. Adjusting the language could sustain a lifelong love of discovery. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The passage explains how language affects children’s interest in science. For young kids, action-focused phrases (e.g., “Let’s do science”) work better than identity labels (e.g., “You’re a scientist”), which may alienate those who don’t fit stereotypes. However, teens benefit from identity cues (e.g., “future scientist”), as they shape self-concept. Balancing both approaches sustains scientific engagement across ages. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说语言如何影响儿童对科学的兴趣。对于年幼的孩子来说，注重动作的表述方式（例如：“让我们来做科学实验”）比身份标签（例如：“你是个科学家”）更有效，因为后者可能会让不符合这种刻板印象的孩子感到被排斥。然而，青少年则受益于身份提示（例如：“未来的科学家”），因为它们有助于塑造自我认知。两种方法的平衡能够使不同年龄段的人保持对科学的兴趣。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①But as children age, their enthusiasm for science can decrease. Research suggests a surprising cause: the language adults use. ②Well-intentioned phrases like “Let’s be scientists!” or “You’re a great scientist!” may backfire. Such identity-focused language can faintly signal that science is reserved for “scientist-types” — often labeled as white men. For example, studies show that young girls persist longer in science tasks when encouraged with action-focused cues like “Let’s do science” rather than identity-based phrases. This shift highlights a key insight: framing science as activities (observing, experimenting, asking questions) rather than a fixed identity keeps curiosity alive. ③So while identity-focused language about science might be demotivating for young children, identity-focused language may help teens stay interested in science. For example, cueing a future identity (e. g., scientist, doctor) that is based on science motivated middle schoolers to do more homework, and was associated with higher grades. That might be because if teens think of themselves as scientists, then they are willing to do what it takes to be whom they want to become. ④By balancing these strategies, adults can nurture both short-term curiosity and long-term passion. 2.缜密构思 将第1个要点进行综述，将第2、3、4三个要点进行分述。 3.遣词造句 The passage explains how language affects children’s interest in science. For young kids, action-focused phrases (e.g., “Let’s do science”) work better than identity labels (e.g., “You’re a scientist”), which may alienate those who don’t fit stereotypes. However, teens benefit from identity cues (e.g., “future scientist”), as they shape self-concept. Balancing both approaches sustains scientific engagement across ages. 【点睛】[高分句型1] For young kids, action-focused phrases (e.g., “Let’s do science”) work better than identity labels (e.g., “You’re a scientist”), which may alienate those who don’t fit stereotypes.运用which引导非限制性定语从句对原文和第二段进行了概括。 [高分句型2] Balancing both approaches sustains scientific engagement across ages.用动名词作主语对最后一段进行了概括，表达非常高级。 IV. Translation (第1-2句，每句3分；第3句，4分；第4句5分；共15分) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52．需要什么能进入下一轮面试？ （qualify）（汉译英） 【答案】What does it take to qualify for the next round of the interview? 【详解】考查动词和特殊疑问句。根据句意，句子是一个特殊疑问句，且描述的是一般情况，使用一般现在时；表示“需要什么”，“什么”是特殊疑问词what，位于句首，首字母需大写；“需要……做某事”常用固定句式“it takes... to do sth.”，这里是特殊疑问句，所以借助助动词does来构成疑问语序，it作形式主语；表示“进入（获得……资格）”用短语“qualify for”作谓语，助动词does提前变成一般疑问句，所以此处使用动词原形；“下一轮面试”是the next round of the interview，“to qualify for the next round of the interview” 是真正的主语部分。故翻译为What does it take to qualify for the next round of the interview? 53．人与人之间的友好关系是建立在双向奔赴基础上的。(effort) (汉译英) 【答案】The friendly/good/harmonious relations/relationships between two people are built on mutual effort. 【详解】考查时态、名词短语和动词短语。根据句意可知，该句描述一般事实，应用一般现在时。表示“友好的”可用形容词friendly、good或者harmonious。表示“关系”可用名词relation或者relationship；表示“友好关系”可用名词短语the friendly/good/harmonious relation/relationship，名词复数作主语表泛指。表示“人与人之间的”可用介词短语between two people，作定语，修饰relation/relationship；表示“建立在……基础上”可用动词短语be built on；动词build与主语relations/relationships之间存在被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态。表示“双向奔赴”应用mutual effort，作宾语。故翻译为The friendly/good/harmonious relations/relationships between two people are built on mutual effort. 54．自从他的小说在网络上走红之后，他便经历了一场“破天的富贵”，成为了文坛的新星。(since) (汉译英) 【答案】Since his novel went viral online, he has experienced a “sudden surge of fame and fortune”, becoming a new star in the literary world. 【详解】考查时态、时间状语从句、非谓语动词。表示“自从”用since，引导时间状语从句；表示“他的小说”用his novel，作主语；表示“走红”用固定短语go viral，根据语境可知事情发生在过去，故时态用一般过去时，谓语用过去式went，表示“在网络上”用online，表示“自从他的小说在网络上走红之后”用时间状语从句Since his novel went viral online。在主句中：表示“他”用he，作主语；表示“经历”用experience，根据句意和句中Since可知，experience这一动作开始于过去，持续到现在，句子应用现在完成时，又因主语是第三人称单数代词，所以助动词用has；表示“破天的富贵”用sudden surge of fame and fortune，其前用冠词a表示“一场”。表示“成为”用become，与he为主动关系，用现在分词作状语；表示“文坛的新星”用a new star in the literary world，作表语。故翻译为Since his novel went viral online, he has experienced a “sudden surge of fame and fortune”, becoming a new star in the literary world. 55．旅行的意义不在于朋友圈 (Moments) 有多少点赞，而在于从每日常规中挣脱出来，重新掌控自己生活的节奏。(not...but...) (汉译英) 【答案】The significance of travel lies not in how many likes on Moments, but in breaking away from daily routine and regaining control over the rhythm of one’s life. 【详解】考查固定短语，时态，主谓一致和动名词。“旅行的意义”是the significance of travel，“在于”是固定短语lie in，句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，主语significance是不可数名词，因此lie用第三人称单数，“不是……而是……”是固定搭配not...but...，“朋友圈 (Moments) 有多少点赞”是how many likes on Moments，“从……中挣脱出来”是break away from，用动名词breaking作宾语，“每日常规”是daily routine，“重新掌控”是regain control over，用动名词regaining作宾语，“自己生活的节奏”是the rhythm of one’s life，用and连接两个动作。故答案为The significance of travel lies not in how many likes on Moments, but in breaking away from daily routine and regaining control over the rhythm of one’s life. V. Guided Writing （25分） 56. 假设你是明启中学的高三学生王磊，你在社区公告栏看到一则消息，社区正在征集关于“如何丰富老年人退休生活”的意见。请你给社区负责人写一封信，内容包括： (1) 对社区如何丰富老年人退休生活提出建议； (2) 提出这些建议的理由。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Dear Community Manager, My name is Wang Lei, a senior student from Mingqi High School. After reading the notice about improving retirees’ lives, I’d like to share some suggestions. Firstly, organizing hobby classes (e.g., painting, gardening) could help seniors learn new skills, which keeps their minds active and fosters social connections. Secondly, regular health workshops or exercise sessions like Tai Chi would enhance physical well-being and prevent diseases. Additionally, creating volunteer opportunities, such as mentoring children, allows retirees to share their experience, boosting their sense of purpose. These activities address both mental and physical needs while combating loneliness. Seniors deserve fulfilling lives, and community support plays a vital role. Thank you for considering my ideas. Yours sincerely, Wang Lei 【导语】本篇是应用文写作。你在社区公告栏看到一则消息，社区正在征集关于“如何丰富老年人退休生活”的意见，要求考生给社区负责人写一封信提出建议并给出理由。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 建议：suggestion→advice 首先：firstly→to begin with 保持：keep→stay 提高：enhance→promote 2. 句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Secondly, regular health workshops or exercise sessions like Tai Chi would enhance physical well-being and prevent diseases. 拓展句：Secondly, if we were to organize regular health workshops or exercise sessions like Tai Chi, it would enhance seniors' physical well-being and help prevent diseases. 【点睛】[高分句型1]Firstly, organizing hobby classes (e.g., painting, gardening) could help seniors learn new skills, which keeps their minds active and fosters social connections.(which引导的非限制性定语从句) [高分句型2]Additionally, creating volunteer opportunities, such as mentoring children, allows retirees to share their experience, boosting their sense of purpose.(动名词作主语) 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 绝密★考试结束前 2026年高考第一次模拟考试（上海卷） 英语 （考试时间：90分钟 试卷满分：115分） 注意事项： 1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2．回答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在本试卷上无效。 3．回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 4．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 I. Grammar and Vocabulary （每题1分；共20分） Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. The victory of the book The printed book is back. Recent studies have shown that students remember more information when they read a hard-copy book compared to 1 (read) on a digital device. One school near where I live responded to these findings by getting rid of its e-readers. The students found, according to a teacher, the e-readers were costly and 2 “the ease of navigation” was superior when using a traditional book. E-books have its “navigational tools,” but it turns out that the best navigational devices 3 (be) your forefinger and thumb. You can use 4 to turn the pages forward and backward. 5 (think), all this time, those devices have just been sitting there at the end of your arm. Fans of digital books 6 point out that e-readers have a handy “search” tool. Old-fashioned books also have a search function, in which you turn back to the opening chapter to remind yourself of the hero’s surname. They even have a “bookmark system,” 7 uses a device called a “bookmark.” Can a traditional book offer all the features of an e-book? Alas, no. It lacks a “progress bar” indicating what percentage of the book 8 (read). Luckily, a “hack” is available: Turn your book so that it can be viewed 9 the side or top. It will naturally form two halves joined in the middle (“the spine”). 10 the left-hand half is thicker than the right-hand one, you are more than halfway through. Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．consider  B．fixed-priced  C． higher-end  D．indecision  E. logic  F. minor G. practical  H. purchase  I. revealing  J. sacrifice  K. value The Power of Opportunity Costs While shopping for my first stereo (立体声音响), I spent an hour debating between a $1,000 Pioneer and a $700 Sony. Perhaps fearing that my 11 would cost him a sale, the salesman said, “Well, think of it this way — would you rather have the Pioneer, or the Sony and $300 worth of CDs?” The Sony — and it wasn’t even close. Twenty new CDs were too great a(n) 12 for the slightly more attractive Pioneer. Although I knew the price difference, I hadn’t thought of it in terms of what else the money could buy until the salesman framed it that way. If one assumes, as an economics textbook might, that consumers routinely calculate opportunity costs, this story is 13 . All decisions involve opportunity costs, but how consumers 14 them has received little attention from decision theorists and even less from marketers. Promotional messages often highlight product advantages or price differences, but spelling out what those differences mean in 15 terms may be more persuasive. A $300 difference can seem significant or not, depending on what else it could be spent on. Generally, firms selling cheaper products should highlight the opportunity costs of trading up, while those selling 16 products may want to avoid the topic. But the idea must be used carefully. The same 17 that leads someone to choose silver over gold could also lead them to choose bronze (铜) over silver. It’s also important that the lost opportunities are framed around things buyers actually 18 . One campaign once framed the cost of a large government program in terms of snack cakes per person per day — a(n) comparison so 19 that it weakened the argument. On the other hand, a De Beers ad cleverly showed a pair of diamond earrings with the line “Redo the kitchen next year,” suggesting that buying the earrings would only mean putting off home renovations (装修) for a little while. In reality, the earrings might cost as much as the entire kitchen redo, but the framing made the 20 seem reasonable. II. Reading Comprehension (21 – 35题，每题1分；36 – 50题，每题2分；共45分) Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. One morning during lockdown, I joined a virtual open day for a selective school we were considering for our daughter. I expected the 21 : academic rankings, university offers, perhaps some images of tennis courts and music rooms. But the headmistress said something unexpected. She explained that the school’s mission was not only to support high-achieving students, but also to help them 22 the pressure of perfectionism — and the fear and self-doubt it can bring. My husband nodded quietly. I felt something different: a sudden breath, a moment of clarity. Her words stayed with me long after the call was over. I began to wonder why her message 23 me so strongly. Perhaps it was because, like many students of my generation, I had grown up in a system that praised perfect results, neat handwriting, and error-free essays. Perfectionism had been treated as a 24 . Later, in job interviews, it even became an indirect way to show off — something we presented as a weakness, but secretly hoped would 25 . 26 , psychologists like Thomas Curran argue that perfectionism is more damaging than it seems. He describes it as society’s “favourite fault” in one of his books. His research shows that perfectionism is increasing sharply, especially among young people. A particularly 27 type is “socially prescribed perfectionism” — the belief that one must be perfect to be accepted by others. This version is strongly linked to anxiety, depression, and burnout. It becomes more than a habit; it becomes a quiet 28 . What struck me most was how perfectionism had influenced not just my work or academic life, but my entire sense of self. It 29 in how I arranged my home, how I responded to feedback, and how I judged even small daily choices. I realised I had been living with the quiet belief that nothing I did was ever quite 30 . The headmistress’s words felt like a rare invitation — to let go of 31 standards. Could my daughter grow up without this pressure? Could I? It felt like 32 , not just to do my best, but to allow that best to be imperfect. And that felt strangely powerful. Not everyone sees perfectionism as damaging. Some believe it can be 33 if channelled in the right way. But for many, it becomes a(n) 34 — pushing us to achieve more, while making us feel like we’re always falling short. Maybe accepting ourselves as we are is an idea worth 35 — and maybe, just maybe, the most liberating one of all. 21．A．unexpected B．opposite C．ridiculous D．usual 22．A．recognize B．escape C．enhance D．reflect 23．A．affected B．changed C．defined D．frustrated 24．A．burden B．symptom C．beginning D．virtue 25．A．impress B．last C．disappear D．improve 26．A．Besides B．Instead C．So D．Yet 27．A．obvious B．old-school C．harmful D．rule-breaking 28．A．power B．resistance C．struggle D．request 29．A．took on B．turned down C．made off D．showed up 30．A．timely B．enough C．logical D．sincere 31．A．realistic B．impossible C．impersonal D．basic 32．A．permission B．responsibility C．standard D．review 33．A．abstract B．positive C．unstoppable D．expressive 34．A．trend B．symbol C．trap D．addiction 35．A．holding onto B．shooting down C．weighing up D．laying out Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. A Gabriela worked for a multinational company as a successful project manager in Brazil and was transferred to manage a team in Sweden. She was excited about her new role but soon realised that managing her new team would be a challenge. Despite their friendliness, Gabriela didn’t feel respected as a leader. Her new staff would question her proposals openly in meetings, and when she announced her decisions on the project, they would continue giving their opinions as if it was still up for discussion. What Gabriela was experiencing was a cultural conflict in expectations. She was used to a more hierarchical framework where the team leader and manager took control and gave specific instructions on how things were to be done. This more directive management style worked well for her and her team in Brazil but did not transfer well to her new team in Sweden, who were more used to a flatter hierarchy where decision making was more democratic. Dutch social psychologist Geert Hofstede uses the concept of “power distance” to describe how power is distributed and how hierarchy is perceived in different cultures. In her previous work environment, Gabriela was used to a high power distance culture where power and authority are respected and everyone has their rightful place. In such a culture, leaders make the big decisions and are not often challenged. Her Swedish team, however, were used to working in a low power distance culture where subordinates often work together with their bosses to find solutions and make decisions. Here, leaders act as coaches or mentors who encourage independent thought and expect to be challenged. When Gabriela became aware of the cultural differences between her and her team, she took the initiative to have an open conversation with them about their feelings about her leadership. Pleased to be asked for their thoughts, Gabriela’s team openly expressed that they were not used to being told what to do. They enjoyed having more room for initiative and creative freedom. With a better understanding of the underlying reasons behind each other’s behaviour, Gabriela and her team were able to adapt their way of working. Gabriela was then able to make adjustments to her management style so as to better fit the expectations of her team and more effectively motivate her team to achieve their goals. 36．Gabriela found it a challenge to manage her new team because her Swedish team ____________. A．preferred discussions to giving opinions B．lacked clear communication guidelines C．valued cooperative decision-making D．tended to keep a leader at a distance 37．The word “hierarchical” in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ____________. A．structured B．external C．de-centralised D．short-sighted 38．Which of the following describes behaviors typical in a low power distance culture? ①　The manager acts as a guide but encourages input from the team. ②　Team members do not usually challenge the manager. ③　The manager involves the team in making decisions together. ④　The manager has a lot of control over what happens. ⑤　Team members can take the initiative to do things their way. A．①④⑤ B．②③④ C．①③⑤ D．③④⑤ 39．What’s the main idea of the passage? A．Strict hierarchies ensure successful projects globally. B．Power distance solves cultural conflicts effectively. C．Swedish teams resist leadership due to lower expectation. D．Cultural hierarchy gaps require adapting management styles. B The Annual Ig Nobel Prizes Honor Special Scientific Achievements On Sept 12, the 2024 Ig Nobel Prizes were awarded in the US. Created in 1991 by Marc Abrahams, a writer in the US, these prizes honor scientific studies that “make people laugh, then think”. Here are some winners from this year. Not as old as you thinkA healthy diet and good genes have contributed to higher life expectancy around the world. But there is also something else, such as mistakes in demographic (人口的) data and possible pension fraud. Saul Justin Newman from the UK found almost 80 percent of the people over 110 years old have no birth certificate. In the US, over 500 people claim to be over 110, but only seven have birth certificates. So the number of very old people might be exaggerated. Some people may even be lying about their birth for more pension. “Side effect” of side effectsMedicine often has side effects that add to patients’ discomfort. So a perfect treatment should have no side effects at all, right? Not necessarily. A team led by Lieven Schenk in Germany did an experiment. They made two fake medicines. Neither could reduce pain, and the second type could cause a burning feeling in the nose. The team then asked 77 healthy volunteers to randomly take one of the medicines, after which they would receive a “dose” of pain. The scientists found that those taking the second type of medicine reported less pain. They had felt the burning and took it as a sign of the medicine “working”. The research showed that in such cases, side effects may not be a bad thing. Plant that can “see” and imitateIn 2013, scientists discovered a strange vine called Boquila trifoliolata (勃奎拉藤). It could change the shape of its leaves to look like other plants nearby. Jacob White in the US and Felipe Yamashita in Germany wanted to know why. They planted the vine under a shelf, and placed a plastic plant above the shelf. As the vine grew taller, only the part of it that reached over the shelf looked like the plastic plant. Therefore, the scientists suggested that some plants could “see” what’s happening around them and imitate the shapes of neighboring plants. 40．Which of the following statements about the Ig Nobel Prizes is TRUE? A．The Ig Nobel Prizes are held every three years. B．The 2024 Ig Nobel Prizes were intended to remember the founder. C．The Ig Nobel Prizes honor amusing but inspiring scientific studies. D．The 2024 Ig Nobel Prizes have three winners covering different fields. 41．Which of the following is a reason for the growing number of very old people worldwide? A．Economic development enables people to live longer. B．People claim to be older in order to get their birth certificate. C．A majority of the supposed old people can’t prove their real age. D．Older people are so forgetful that they don’t remember their birth date. 42．By doing the “side-effect” experiment on volunteers, scientists find that ________. A．side effects of a medicine are annoying and unavoidable B．the second type of medicine is more effective than the first C．the two fake medicines can actually work to relieve the pain D．the side effects can lead people to think that the medicine works C Beneath its icy surface, the Antarctic Ocean — a vast and remote wilderness — houses a hidden world of microscopic life, including clouds of krill (磷虾). These tiny creatures, just a few inches long, are among the most plentiful and important animals on Earth. Rod Downie, chief polar adviser at WWF-UK, describes Antarctic krill as the “superheroes of the Southern Ocean.” They serve as a critical food source for marine wildlife, including whales, penguins, seals, and seabirds. They feed on microscopic plants in sea ice, which absorb CO2, and are in turn eaten by whales. When whales release waste, it fertilizes marine plants that help cool the planet. However, the unsustainable fishing of krill could disturb this cycle. Downie says, “We urgently need to protect krill habitats within a network of marine protected areas. This project could give us a new tool to help monitor and safeguard this vital species.” But monitoring these organisms presents a grand challenge for scientists. Traditional methods, such as ship-based surveys and sampling, are time-consuming, expensive, and geographically limited. Scientists are using slight differences in seawater colour to count Antarctic krill from space. Dr Cait McCarry, a researcher from the University of Strathclyde, recently returned from Antarctica, where she conducted experiments to measure this effect. She explained, “We start with seawater, then add a krill and measure how much light the water absorbs. Then we add another krill and take another measurement.” This process helps scientists understand how krill concentration affects ocean colour, enabling them to track krill populations from space. The technology isn’t without its limitations. Factors such as cloud cover, sea ice, and variations in water clarity can affect the accuracy of satellite measurements. Furthermore, while satellite data provides information about the overall biomass, it doesn’t provide detailed information on the species composition or the health of individual organisms. And in such cases, field studies, with its unique capacity for on-the-ground investigation, are ready to assume an essential role for a more comprehensive understanding. From the seemingly insignificant variations in seawater color to the complex interplay of life within the Antarctic food web, scientists continue to reveal the complicated workings of this vital ecosystem. Their dedication and the innovative tools they employ offer hope for a future where we can better understand and protect the wonders of our planet. 43．Krill are described as “superheroes of the Southern Ocean” because ______. A．they provide an essential monitoring method B．their vast species dominate the Antarctic Ocean C．they regulate the temperature of Earth in a certain way D．their movements indicate ocean temperatures precisely 44．It can be concluded that ______. A．light absorption changes with krill concentration B．krill’s waste helps plants absorb CO2 more efficiently C．the species of deep-sea plants are enriched due to krill D．krill are mainly threatened by natural hunters like whales 45．What can be inferred from the passage? A．Oceanic research centers around marine life’s complex interactions. B．Though minor now, water color changes promise future discoveries. C．Given overfishing, greater emphasis should be laid on the composition of krill species. D．A full understanding of krill requires integration of satellite monitoring and field studies. 46．What is the passage mainly about? A．The urgency and challenges of studying krill. B．The development of new methods to study krill. C．The role of krill in the ecosystem and efforts to monitor them. D．The impact of human activities on krill and ways to counter it. Section C Directions: Read the following passages. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. The Rise of Plushie(毛绒玩具)Culture It looked like a typical fish-and-chip shop. Chefs tended to frying baskets and wrapped orders in newspaper. However, this “catch of the day” was entirely inedible. The London pop-up shop by Jellycat, a famous plush toy brand, sold soft fish with plushie lemons instead of real seafood. 47 TikTok videos with the Plushies tag, showing different kinds of stuffed toys like cartoon characters and creative shapes, have been watched almost 8 billion times. Crazy shopping scenes in some pop-up shops are extremely mind-blowing. 48 . According to research firm Circana, soft toys are now the second most popular toys in the UK, with sales jumping 58% since 2021.The global plush toy market was worth $11.7 billion in 2023 and is expected to grow by 8% each year until 2030. The business is so profitable that Warren Buffett bought the company behind Squishmallows in 2022, calling it a money-making “jewel”. Surprisingly, children aren’t driving this demand. 49 . The pandemic strengthened this shift, as isolated individuals sought comfort in nostalgic items. “Plushies bring happiness in a stressful world,” says Lucy Dray, an online retailer. Social media influencers promote “healing your inner child” through collecting. 50 . They claim that the growing obsession with soft toys reflects a reluctance to embrace adult responsibilities and a desire to withdraw into the comfort of childhood. However, this perspective overlooks the deeper emotional and psychological benefits that plushies can provide. In a fast-paced, often overwhelming world, plushies offer a connection to simpler, happier times. Rather than a sign of immaturity, the plushie craze may simply highlight a universal human need for comfort and joy, regardless of age. A．The target instead is “kidults” (aged 12+), accounting for over 25% of toy sales. B．The playful concept mirrored a global trend: the world has gone soft for soft toys. C．That is because more children turned to plush companions for emotional support. D．Critics will argue that the plushie craze is a sign of an “infantilised” generation. E．High prices only enhance their appeal, making them luxury collectibles. F．Even with strict purchase limits, fans still line up for hours to get limited editions. III. Summary Writing (10分) 51．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Keeping Kids Interested in Science Is a Matter of Language Parents often delight in their children’s inborn curiosity about the world, from toddlers marveling at rolling balls to older kids questioning why the sky is blue. But as children age, their enthusiasm for science can decrease. Research suggests a surprising cause: the language adults use. Well-intentioned phrases like “Let’s be scientists!” or “You’re a great scientist!” may backfire. Such identity-focused language can faintly signal that science is reserved for “scientist-types” — often labeled as white men. When children don’t see themselves reflected in that image, they may disengage. For example, studies show that young girls persist longer in science tasks when encouraged with action-focused cues like “Let’s do science” rather than identity-based phrases. This shift highlights a key insight: framing science as activities (observing, experimenting, asking questions) rather than a fixed identity keeps curiosity alive. So now parents are perhaps thinking, “Great, I will just focus on doing science and the actions that make up the scientific process!” And certainly that is likely to be effective even as children transition from childhood to adolescence and into early adulthood. But it’s also true that, around adolescence, kids are actively trying on and ultimately forming different identities for themselves. So while identity-focused language about science might be demotivating for young children, identity-focused language may help teens stay interested in science. For example, cueing a future identity (e. g., scientist, doctor) that is based on science motivated middle schoolers to do more homework, and was associated with higher grades. That might be because if teens think of themselves as scientists, then they are willing to do what it takes to be whom they want to become. By balancing these strategies, adults can nurture both short-term curiosity and long-term passion. After all, Science isn’t just for “scientists” — it’s a process anyone can engage in. Adjusting the language could sustain a lifelong love of discovery. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ IV. Translation (第1-2句，每句3分；第3句，4分；第4句5分；共15分) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52．需要什么能进入下一轮面试？ （qualify）（汉译英） 53．人与人之间的友好关系是建立在双向奔赴基础上的。(effort) (汉译英) 54．自从他的小说在网络上走红之后，他便经历了一场“破天的富贵”，成为了文坛的新星。(since) (汉译英) 55．旅行的意义不在于朋友圈 (Moments) 有多少点赞，而在于从每日常规中挣脱出来，重新掌控自己生活的节奏。(not...but...) (汉译英) V. Guided Writing （25分） 56. 假设你是明启中学的高三学生王磊，你在社区公告栏看到一则消息，社区正在征集关于“如何丰富老年人退休生活”的意见。请你给社区负责人写一封信，内容包括： (1) 对社区如何丰富老年人退休生活提出建议； (2) 提出这些建议的理由。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$