课时作业(15) 必修第三册 UNIT 4 SPACE EXPLORATION（Word练习）-【优化指导】2026年高考英语一轮复习高中总复习·第1轮（人教版）

课时作业(十五)　必修第三册　UNIT 4　SPACE EXPLORATION (限时30分钟) Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2025·福建永春一中模拟)During space missions，astronauts can experience a loss of some of the inner structural support in their bones.For trips in space lasting at least six months，that loss is equal to about 20 years of aging.Luckily，a new study finds a year back on Earth rebuilds half of the strength lost in the affected bone. Exercise scientist Leigh Gabel was part of a team that tracked 17 astronauts，each of whom had spent four to seven months in space.The team measured the 3­D structure of bone.They focused on the structure of the tibia(胫骨) and the lower­arm bone.The researchers took images of the bones 3 times—before spaceflight and again six months and one year later when the astronauts returned home from space.From these pictures，Gabel's team calculated an astronaut's bone strength and density(密度) at each of those times. What did they find through comparison of the pictures？Astronauts in space for less than six months regained their preflight bone strength after a year back on Earth.But those who stayed in space longer suffered permanent bone loss in their tibias.That loss was equal to a decade of aging.The lower­arm bones showed almost no loss.That was likely because these aren't weight­bearing bones on Earth，Gabel explains.In fact，those arms can get a bigger workout in space than on Earth as astronauts use them to move around their craft by pushing off handles and doors. “Increasing weight­lifting exercises in space could help alleviate(缓解) bone loss in the legs，” says Steven Boyd，also an exercise scientist. “With longer spaceflight，we can expect bigger bone loss—and probably a bigger problem with recovery，” says physiologist Laurence Vico.“Space agencies should also consider other bone health measures，such as nutrition，to reduce bone loss and increase bone formation.” 1．Why did Gabel's team take pictures at different times? A．To offer evidence for their predictions. B．To show their respect for the astronauts. C．To compare the changes in the astronauts' bones. D．To find out the proper length of staying in space for astronauts. 2．Which of the following may Gabel agree with? A．A spaceflight lasting less than half a year does no harm to astronauts. B．Astronauts coming back from a spaceflight look much older. C．Astronauts can avoid bone loss through doing enough exercise. D．There is almost no difference in the astronauts' lower­arm bones. 3．What can we conclude from this text? A．People on Earth never suffer bone loss. B．The finding of the new study is good news for astronauts. C．The 17 astronauts knew the bone loss before their spaceflights. D．Astronauts can regain their bone strength as soon as they return to Earth. 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章探讨了太空旅行对宇航员骨骼的影响以及相应的缓解措施。 1．C　[解析]细节理解题。根据第二段中的“From these pictures，Gabel's team calculated an astronaut's bone strength and density at each of those times.”和第三段中的“What did they find through comparison of the pictures？”可知，研究团队选取不同时间拍摄照片是为了通过计算骨骼强度和密度来比较宇航员骨骼的变化。 2．D　[解析]细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The lower­arm bones showed almost no loss.That was likely because these aren't weight­bearing bones on Earth，Gabel explains.”可知，Gabel应该同意“宇航员的小臂骨几乎没有什么变化”这一观点。 3．B　[解析]推理判断题。根据首段中的“Luckily，a new study finds a year back on Earth rebuilds half of the strength lost in the affected bone.”可知，一项新的研究发现，宇航员回到地球之后，受影响的骨骼有所恢复，这对宇航员来说是一个好消息。 B (2025·广西河池模拟)Apollo 15 was the first flight to the moon that included a spacewalk.On our return trip to Earth，we needed to recover film canisters(胶卷盒) from the service module.Because it was a new activity，an incredible amount of preparation went into it. I evaluated the entire plan in terms of safety and results.During our pre­flight analysis，we installed a warning tone in the suit in case of low oxygen pressure.Once all this pre­flight work was accomplished，the actual spacewalk was easy and accomplished in a short time.I had the pleasure of being outside the spacecraft for 38 minutes，and here's how we did it. We started suiting up an hour or so before the actual spacewalk.I got a little rush as the Command Module was depressurizing because I was then completely dependent on the pressure in the suit to keep me alive.I had practised this procedure many times on Earth，but this was for REAL and I had to do it just right.Once the cabin pressure went to zero，we opened the hatch(舱口) and went out. What a feeling to be free in deep space! I concentrated on reaching for the handholds as I made my way to the back of the service module so I would not float away.I had a small problem right away.The high­resolution camera was stuck out in its extended position.I reached the canister，put a safety clip(安全扣) on it，attached by a rope to my wrist，and pulled it out of the bay.Turning around again I made my way back to the hatch.So far，a piece of cake.After another two trips，I finished my task. By turning my head just so I could position myself so that both the Earth and the Moon were in field of vision.I realized that no one in all of history had ever seen this sight before.What an honour it was! 4．What is the purpose of installing a warning tone in the suit? A．To help recover film canister. B．To assess the safety of the plan. C．To improve the quality of the suit. D．To inform astronauts of low oxygen pressure. 5．Why was the author feel nervous when faced with his actual spacewalk? A．His task was completely new for him. B．He lacked full preparation in advance. C．He was afraid to make any mistake. D．He suddenly found his suit went wrong. 6．What happened when the author did his task in space? A．He couldn't find the canister. B．He failed to handle the problem himself. C．He experienced a narrow escape initially. D．He met with some challenges when doing his task. 7．What does the author feel about his trip to the moon? A．Tired. B．Confused. C．Proud. D．Safe. 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者有幸经历的一次太空之旅。 4．D　[解析]细节理解题。根据第二段中的“During our pre­flight analysis，we installed a warning tone in the suit in case of low oxygen pressure.”可知，在宇航服里设置警告音的目的是提示低氧压情况的发生。 5．C　[解析]推理判断题。根据第三段中的“I had practised this procedure many times on Earth，but this was for REAL and I had to do it just right.”可知，作者面对实际的太空行走会感到紧张是因为他害怕犯错误。 6．D　[解析]细节理解题。根据第四段中的“I had a small problem right away.The high­resolution camera was stuck out in its extended position.”可知，他在完成任务时遇到了一些挑战。 7．C　[解析]细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“I realized that no one in all of history had ever seen this sight before.What an honour it was！”可知，作者对他的月球之旅感到自豪。 Ⅱ.七选五阅读 (2025·四川成都石室中学模拟)Want to start a habit？Big behavior change can come from setting small goals.1.______ We pressure ourselves to go big or go home.Instead，we should think small.The idea is to make these behavior changes so small that they're easy to do. First，you take any new habit you want，and you scale it back so that it's super­tiny.In the case of wanting to read more，that might mean reading one paragraph.In the case of meditating(冥想)，it might be taking three calming breaths.2.______ So even when you're in a rush or you're sick or you're distracted，it's so tiny that you can still do it. 3．______ Ask yourself，what does this habit come after？For example，reading might come after you sit down on the subway.That might be the perfect time for you to open a book and read a paragraph.Now，you can read more if you want. In addition to making it tiny and then using an existing routine to remind you of it，activate your brain by calling up a positive emotion，by celebrating—whether that's raising your arms，doing a little dance or singing a song in your head.4.______ You make these changes and feel successful.5.______ So you begin to think，“Oh，I'm the kind of person who tidies up”，“I'm the kind of person who meditates” or “I'm the kind of person who reads.” You find other opportunities to tidy up or meditate or read.So the habit naturally spreads to other parts of your life. A．These big expectations are often unrealistic. B．You start thinking of yourself in those ways. C．It helps you feel successful and form the habit. D．The way you think about yourself starts to change. E．Changing our behaviors can feel like a complicated task. F．You make it so simple that you have no excuse not to do it. G．Then you find where it fits naturally in your existing routine. 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何培养一个新的习惯，并将习惯与日常生活完美地契合。 1．E　[解析]空前提到通过设定小目标来养成习惯，空后则提出我们应该从小处着眼，让这些行为改变变得很小，使它们容易做到。E项符合语境，承上启下，故选E。 2．F　[解析]空前提到养成新的习惯首先要将它分解缩小，并列举了读书和冥想的例子。空后与空处构成因果关系，把事情变得简单，就没有理由不去做。因此，即使当你赶时间、生病或者分心时，你仍然可以做到，故选F。 3．G　[解析]后文提到了问自己习惯是怎么来的，G项符合语境且与第二段中的“First，you take any new habit you want，and you scale it back so that it's super­tiny.”构成并列关系，故选G。 4．C　[解析]根据空前“In addition to making it tiny ...singing a song in your head.”可知，C项承接上文，可以通过唤起积极的情绪或者庆祝的方式来激活你的大脑，这有助于你感到成功并养成习惯，C项中的It指代前文提到的activate your brain，故选C。 5．D　[解析]空前提到你作出了改变并感到成功，空后提到你开始认为自己是一个爱整洁的人、会冥想的人或者有阅读习惯的人。D项符合语境，引出后文，故选D。 Ⅲ.语法填空 (2025·安徽示范高中高三联考)The launch of the ShenzhouⅩⅤⅡ manned spaceship was successful.The launch came just a few days after China celebrated the 20th anniversary of its first manned mission.On Oct.15，2003，Yang Liwei，China's space hero，1.__________(realize) the country's dream of accessing outer space. In 2.__________ interview with a major media outlet，Yang，currently deputy chief designer of China's manned space program，said all Chinese taikonauts 3.__________(choose) for the manned missions to the moon must have the experience of traveling to the Tiangong space station.This is an important criterion for the selection of “moon walkers”．The Shenzhou ⅩⅤⅡ mission can therefore be described 4.__________ an important stage of the preparation for China's manned lunar mission. The Shenzhou ⅩⅤⅡ mission and its crew have many firsts.The crew is 5.__________ (young) than that of any other China's manned mission.It is also the first to have a 6.__________ (combine) of second­batch and third­batch taikonauts.Tang Hongbo，a veteran taikonaut 7.__________ completed his first spaceflight in 2021，8.__________(appoint) to be the first space traveler to revisit China's Tiangong space station. The ShenzhouⅩⅤⅡ crew is very young.Taikonauts Jiang Xinlin and Tang Shengjie are two of China's third­generation taikonauts，and were born in 1988 and 1989 9.__________(respective). As they are on their first space mission at such a young age，they will get plenty of opportunities 10.__________(join) more space missions. 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了中国神舟十七号载人飞船成功发射， 为推进中国航天事业的发展作出了巨大的贡献。 1．realized　[解析]考查动词的时态。空处作谓语，根据时间状语“On Oct.15，2003”可知，句子使用一般过去时，因此谓语动词应用过去式。故填realized。 2．an　[解析]考查冠词。interview“采访”为可数名词，此处表泛指，且interview以元音音素开头，因此用不定冠词an。故填an。 3．chosen　[解析]考查非谓语动词。空处为非谓语动词，动词choose与taikonauts构成逻辑上的动宾关系，因此用过去分词作后置定语。故填chosen。 4．as　[解析]考查介词。短语be described as表示“被描述为”，因此空处应用介词as。故填as。 5．younger　[解析]考查形容词的比较等级。根据下文than that of any other China's manned mission可知，空处应使用形容词young的比较级作表语。故填younger。 6．combination　[解析]考查名词。根据上文不定冠词a可知，空处应用单数名词combination，作have的宾语。故填combination。 7．who/that　[解析]考查定语从句的关系词。分析句子结构可知，定语从句修饰先行词taikonaut，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，指人，因此空处应用关系代词who或that。故填who/that。 8．was appointed　[解析]考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。主语Tang Hongbo与谓语动词appoint构成被动关系，结合句意及文章时态可知，空处应用一般过去时的被动语态，且谓语用单数。故填was appointed。 9．respectively　[解析]考查副词。修饰动词短语应用副词respectively，表示“分别地”。故填respectively。 10．to join　[解析]考查非谓语动词。名词opportunity后跟不定式作后置定语。故填to join。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$