课时作业(6) 必修第一册 UNIT 5 LANGUAGES AROUND THE WORLD（Word练习）-【优化指导】2026年高考英语一轮复习高中总复习·第1轮（人教版）

课时作业(六) 必修第一册　UNIT 5　LANGUAGES AROUND THE WORLD (限时30分钟) Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2025·山东高三适应性考试)The HSK is a globally­run standardized test of Chinese language ability for non­native speakers.Whether you seek to ensure qualifications for scholarships or gain an advantage in the job market or a related academic field，an HSK pass will serve you well.But，of course，many learners also find an exam to be an excellent source of motivation! Working with the Chinese Testing Centre，we are delighted to announce that our institute will continue to offer opportunities for interested candidates to sit 2025 HSK Exams which will be in­person exams only.The next offline exam will take place on 19 May. Please visit HSK Exams Official Page to register.A recent passport photo is required when completing the registration form.A standard 2­inch identification photo no larger than 100kb must be sent to info@confuciusinstitute.ac.uk after you register the exam online. Your admission ticket can be printed in the exam registration system after the registration closes.On the exam date，you MUST bring your admission ticket and the identification document，or you will not be able to sit the exam on the day. Examination Fees： Levels HSK1 HSK2 HSK3 Fees ￡10.00 ￡20.00 ￡30.00 Levels HSK4 HSK5 HSK6 Fees ￡40.00 ￡50.00 ￡60.00 Please note that if you want to book more than one exam level，you need to go through the booking process for each item you wish to book and pay correspondingly.For postage and packing，extra ￡3.00 is required for each level. 1．What benefit will an HSK pass bring? A．Qualifying for scholarships. B．Getting a dream job. C．Having academic exchange. D．Improving examination skills. 2．What is a necessity when you register for the HSK? A．A recent passport photo. B．A standard 2­inch ID photo. C．A printed admission ticket. D．An identification document. 3．How much do you pay if you want to book HSK3 and HSK4 with postage and packing? A．￡33.00. B．￡43.00. C．￡70.00. 　 D．￡76.00. 【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了2024年HSK汉语水平考试的报名信息、考试要求及费用等，强调了考试对非母语者的益处与作用。 1．A　[解析]细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Whether you seek to ensure qualifications for scholarships or gain an advantage in the job market or a related academic field，an HSK pass will serve you well.”可知，HSK证书会让你有资格获得奖学金。 2．A　[解析]细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Please visit HSK Exams Official Page to register.A recent passport photo is required when completing the registration form.”可知，报名时需要近期的护照照片。 3．D　[解析]细节理解题。根据费用部分，HSK3的费用是￡30.00，HSK4的费用是￡40.00，以及最后一段中的“For postage and packing，extra ￡3.00 is required for each level.”可知，再加上每级邮寄和包装的额外费用￡3.00(共两次)，所以总费用为：30＋40＋3＋3＝￡76.00。 B (2025·湖南长沙毕业班摸底测试)In many languages，the word for “mother/mom” takes an m­sound.Is there any reason for such near­universality? Linguists(语言学家) generally argue for “the arbitrariness of the sign”：no connection exists between the word dog and the furry quadruped．A rare exception is onomatopoeia，where words representing the bark of a dog (bow­wow) and the buzz made by a bee are more or less similar to the sound.Yet most things are not subject to naming this way. What about mama？It does not sound like a mother，but the fact is that some sounds are more widespread than others around the world.There are many dozens of observed consonants which are rare and hard for non­natives to learn. In contrast，a few—such as b，m，p，t，d and k—show up far more frequently，in nearly every spoken language in the world.That is almost certainly because they are easy to make.A baby vocalising will，at first，make a vowel­like sound，usually something like “ah”，which requires little in the way of control over the mouth.If they briefly close their mouth and continue vocalising，air will come out of their nose，thus making the m­sound that is used in “mother” around the world. Though the “mamas” bear the most obvious similarity，the “papas” have striking commonalities，too.Babies can easily stop their breath when they close their lips (rather than going on breathing through the nose).This produces a b­ or a p­sound.It is surely for this reason that so many names for “father” use these consonants：papa in English，abb in Arabic and baba in Putonghua.T­ and d­sounds are similarly basic，involving a simple tap of the tongue against the teeth：hence daddy，tatay (Tagalog) or tayta (Quechua). Father and mother are，therefore，an oddity.F­ is not especially easy to utter(发音); th­sounds are even harder.English，Greek and Spanish are unusual in having them.Even Anglophone(讲英语的) children may struggle with th­sounds when they are five，or older still in many cases. Anyway，it is hard to find linguistic universals amid the world's dazzling variety. 4．What does the underlined word “quadruped” in Paragraph 2 most probably refer to? A．Pronunciation. B．Sound. C．Bee. D．Animal. 5．“Mamas” and “papas” are used so universally because ________． A．the sounds of the two words sound alike B．air will come out of baby's mouth directly C．the sounds can be easily and naturally uttered D．babies can continue their breath when closing their lips 6．According to the passage，which of the following words might be the most difficult to utter? A．Forthcoming. B．Programme. C．Magnificent. D．Magazine. 7．What is the passage mainly about? A．Inspiration from babies' smile and talks. B．Linguists' efforts to the research of sounds. C．Connection between the words mum and dad. D．Reasons for similar sounds in unrelated languages. 【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨了在不同的语言中，一些相似的发音存在的原因是什么。 4．D　[解析]词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句“no connection exists between the word dog and the furry quadruped”以及句中dog和furry可知，画线词应该是指和狗一样的长毛的动物。 5．C　[解析]推理判断题。根据第四段中的“ a few—such as b，m，p，t，d and k—show up far more frequently，in nearly every spoken language in the world.That is almost certainly because they are easy to make.”可知，Mamas和Papas的使用如此普遍是因为它们的发音很容易、很自然就能发出来。 6．A　[解析]推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“F­ is not especially easy to utter；th­sounds are even harder.”可知，选项A的单词含有“F”和“th”，所以最难清晰地发音。 7．D　[解析]主旨大意题。根据第一段“In many languages，the word for ‘mother/mom’ takes an m­sound.Is there any reason for such near­universality？”并结合全文可知，本文主要讨论了许多相似的发音普遍存在于不同的语言中的原因。 Ⅱ.完形填空 (2025·辽宁大连模拟)One morning，Huang Fulin，a local farmer，rode a motorcycle to the Lixinsha Bridge in Guangzhou.The bridge is the main __1__ connecting the Nansha Economic Development Zone with Sanmin Island. The visibility was __2__ that day.However，when Huang was about 20 meters away from the bridge，he saw a thick fog，and it was very dark around.It __3__ that a container ship hit the pier(桥墩) of the Bridge，causing it to __4__．Huang saw a __5__ coming his way.At that very moment，he __6__ flashed his lights and shouted loudly，“Stop! It's dangerous.” The lorry driver，Wang Guoliang reversed his truck back and __7__ it horizontally at the T­junction to the bridge.“My truck is about 15 meters long.By __8__ the road with the truck at the T­junction，the only route to Sanmin Island，the __9__ wouldn't be able to get onto the bridge，” Wang said. Meanwhile，Huang __10__ the accident to the on­duty officers，who quickly arrived at the scene and __11__ traffic cones(路障) on the road.Before more police were __12__ to the spot，Officer Tang，on the other side of the bridge，stopped vehicles about to cross the bridge.Meanwhile，Tang __13__ a video of the damaged bridge on his phone to __14__ others about the dangerous situation. According to the official website，they have been awarded with the title of individuals who act bravely in a(n) __15__． 1．A．passage B．commute C．routine D．district 2．A．dusty B．delicate C．poor D．clear 3．A．fell down B．dropped in C．popped up D．turned out 4．A．explode B．crack C．destroy D．shake 5．A．pedestrian B．lifeboat C．truck D．policeman 6．A．effortlessly B．continuously C．suddenly D．casually 7．A．drove B．parked C．shaped D．turned 8．A．crossing B．loading C．blocking D．blanketing 9．A．vehicles B．ambulance C．passengers D．passers­by 10．A．uttered B．reported C．phoned D．investigated 11．A．posed B．covered C．made D．placed 12．A．assigned B．delivered C．followed D．forced 13．A．produced B．edited C．saved D．posted 14．A．attract B．terrify C．warn D．expose 15．A．incident B．operation C．friction D．emergency 【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章描述了在广州南沙沥心沙大桥断桥事故中黄福林等人见义勇为的故事。 1．A　[解析]考查名词词义辨析。根据前文的The bridge可知，桥应该是连接两块区域的主要通道。 2．D　[解析]考查形容词词义辨析。根据后文“However，when Huang was about 20 meters away from the bridge，he saw a thick fog，and it was very dark around.”可知，前后是转折关系，后文讲述有雾看不见，所以空处应是能见度很好。 3．D　[解析]考查动词短语辨析。根据后文a container ship hit the pier of the Bridge可知，此处是解释浓雾的原因，所以应是turned out符合语境。 4．B　[解析]考查动词词义辨析。根据前文a container ship hit the pier of the Bridge可知，一艘集装箱船撞上了大桥的桥墩，应是导致桥墩开裂。 5．C　[解析]考查名词词义辨析。根据后文“The lorry driver，Wang Guoliang reversed his truck back”可知，此处指他看到一辆卡车朝自己开过来。 6．B　[解析]考查副词词义辨析。根据后文“Stop! It's dangerous.”可知，他是在阻止卡车过来，所以应是不停地闪灯，提醒司机。 7．B　[解析]考查动词词义辨析。根据后文“By ___8__ the road with the truck at the T­junction，the only route to Sanmin Island，the ___9__ wouldn't be able to get onto the bridge”可知，此处是阻止其他车上桥，所以应是横着停在丁字路口。 8．C　[解析]考查动词词义辨析。根据前文“Wang Guoliang reversed his truck back and __7__ it horizontally at the T­junction to the bridge”可知，把卡车横着停在丁字路口，应是堵住了道路。 9．A　[解析]考查名词词义辨析。根据前文“By ___8__ the road with the truck at the T­junction，the only route to Sanmin Island”可知，堵住路口，应是阻止其他车辆上桥。 10．B　[解析]考查动词词义辨析。根据后文who quickly arrived at the scene可知，民警来了，所以应是黄福林向当班民警报告了这起事故。 11．D　[解析]考查动词词义辨析。根据后文traffic cones on the road并结合选项可知，此处指放置了路障。 12．A　[解析]考查动词词义辨析。根据前文more police以及后文to the spot可知，应是更多民警被派往现场。 13．D　[解析]考查动词词义辨析。根据后文a video of the damaged bridge on his phone可知，在手机上发布了视频。 14．C　[解析]考查动词词义辨析。根据前文a video of the damaged bridge on his phone可知，发布受损桥梁的视频，应是警告其他人注意危险情况。 15．D　[解析]考查名词词义辨析。根据前文内容可知，本文主要讲述了在广州南沙沥心沙大桥断桥事故中黄福林等人的勇敢应对，所以应是在紧急情况下见义勇为的个人称号。 亮点 句式 1．I pressed/put my ear to the door, but heard nothing.我把耳朵贴在门上，但什么也没听到。 2．I strained my ears to catch the conversation in the other room.我竖起耳朵听隔壁房间的对话。 3．She was deep/lost in thought and heard little of what was being said around her.她在沉思，几乎听不见周围的话。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$