课时作业(5) 必修第一册 UNIT 4 NATURAL DISASTERS（Word练习）-【优化指导】2026年高考英语一轮复习高中总复习·第1轮（人教版）

课时作业(五)　必修第一册　UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS (限时30分钟) Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2025·安徽黄山质量检测)July was the hottest month on record globally.High temperatures and serious wildfires have swept across the Northern Hemisphere.Oceanic heat waves are damaging the world's third­largest coral reef off Florida.And as the levels of greenhouse gases continue to increase，it means many even hotter summers lie ahead. The United Nations Secretary­General Antonio Guterres coined a new term.The time of “global warming” has ended，he announced，and the time of “global boiling” has arrived. But critics have strongly disagreed with the phrase.At one level，“global boiling” is clearly an overstatement，but “global warming” is now far too weak a description.Many climate scientists have pushed for the term “global heating” to be used in preference.Similarly，phrases such as “climate crisis” haven't received enough attention.That's because many of us still feel we haven't seen this crisis with our own eyes. But that is changing.In the past few years，extreme weather and relevant events have struck many countries.Australia's Black Summer brought wildfires that burned an area the size of the United Kingdom.Germany suffered serious flooding in 2021.The 2022 flood in Pakistan flooded large parts of the country.China has seen both droughts and floods.Terrible droughts have hit the Horn of Africa for many years.India has stopped rice exports due to damage from heavy rain. Critics of climate action often complain about what they see as the overuse of “crisis talk”．If everything is a crisis，nothing is a crisis. When Guterres uses deeply impactful phrases，he's not inviting us to imagine a Hollywood­style disaster.What he's hoping is to make people listen and act—now we can see what climate change looks like. Are there better phrases to describe this？Possibly.Take the challenge yourself：can you think up a brief，correct phrase to cover worsening local­and­regional­scale droughts，fires，typhoons and floods; damage to crops and food safety; water shortages; existential threats to coral reefs and low­lying communities？You can see how hard it is. 1．What does the underlined word “coined” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．Explained. B．Invented. C．Valued. D．Accepted. 2．What do critics think of the term “global boiling”？ A．It is overused. B．It is exaggerated. C．It is lacking in enough attention. D．It is too weak to describe the problem. 3．What can we infer from Paragraph 4? A．Climate crises are worsening. B．Several crises will be solved. C．People will face food shortages. D．People are taking effective measures. 4．What is Guterres's hope in using deeply impactful phrases? A．To scare people into taking immediate action. B．To entertain readers with Hollywood­style stories. C．To provide a more accurate description of global warming. D．To make people aware of the severity of the climate crisis. 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述随着气候变化，“全球沸腾”的时代到来了。 1．B　[解析]词义猜测题。由画线词所在句后的“The time of ‘global warming’ has ended，he announced，and the time of ‘global boiling’ has arrived.”可知，这里应指Antonio Guterres“创造”出一个新术语。所以猜测coined是“创造”的意思。 2．B　[解析]推理判断题。由第三段中的“But critics have strongly disagreed with the phrase.At one level，‘global boiling’ is clearly an overstatement，but ‘global warming’ is now far too weak a description.”可知，批评者认为用“全球沸腾”一词有些言过其实。 3．A　[解析]推理判断题。由第四段中的“But that is changing.In the past few years，extreme weather and relevant events have struck many countries.”及其后列举的许多国家经历的自然灾害可知，气候危机正在恶化。 4．D　[解析]细节理解题。由第六段内容可知，Guterres希望使用极具影响力的短语，让人们意识到气候危机的严重性。 B (2025·九师联盟仿真模拟)The National Heritage Responders is a volunteer network of around 100 experts in cultural heritage conservation from around Puerto Rico.They assist individuals and institutions in figuring out how to save important objects and buildings after disasters.Their crisis hotline has been busier than ever in recent years because of more frequent and severe weather brought on by climate change.In 2023，there have been around 70 calls so far，up from fewer than 10 in 2008，when the hotline first appeared. Ann Frellsen，the Atlanta­based book and paper conservator，is a longtime heritage responder volunteer with more than three decades of experience in helping out cultural institutions after disasters.She was among those sent to Puerto Rico over several visits starting a couple of months after two hurricanes hit it in 2017. After providing initial support via the phone，Frellsen and her team came in to help La Casa del Libro and other local institutions in crisis with equipment，supplies and advice.In fact，much of the advice the hotline provides is via phone or video­chat; volunteers are sent out into the field in certain cases，on an as­needed basis. “There were no stoplights and signs on the highways because they'd all been blown away，” Frellsen said.She added that figuring out how to reach the more than 20 institutions that needed assistance in Puerto Rico was challenging—not to mention the on­the­job hazards． When she isn't heading into disaster zones to help save artifacts(文物) from fires，hurricanes and floods，Frellsen trains others in the heritage conservation field to do the same.Some of the participants may eventually take the test to become National Heritage Responders.But at this moment，they are deep in a hands­on training exercise，based on an imaginary situation cooked up by Frellsen and her co­trainers. 5．What can we say about Puerto Rico? A．It calls on people to keep in contact. B．Natural disasters are increasing there. C．It works hard to build highways. D．The weather is really nice there. 6．What can be learned about the National Heritage Responders? A．It teaches individuals how to protect themselves. B．New volunteers can join it with no tests required. C．Victims all over the world can contact it by hotline. D．It sends experts to the disaster areas when necessary. 7．What does the underlined word “hazards” in Paragraph 4 mean? A．Dangers. B．Skills. C．Trainings. D．Rights. 8．What are Frellsen and her team busy doing at present? A．Taking various tests. B．Entering a new disaster area. C．Conducting a practical exercise. D．Restoring priceless artifacts. 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了一个援助波多黎各灾后文物保护的志愿者组织Nationl Heritage Responders及其中一名志愿者Ann Frellsen。 5．B　[解析]细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Their crisis hotline has been busier than ever in recent years because of more frequent and severe weather brought on by climate change.”可知，发生于波多黎各的自然灾害正在增加。 6．D　[解析]细节理解题。根据第三段中的“In fact，much of the advice the hotline provides is via phone or video­chat; volunteers are sent out into the field in certain cases，on an as­needed basis.”可知，National Heritage Responders在必要时会派专家去灾区。 7．A　[解析]词义猜测题。根据画线词前的“She added that figuring out how to reach the more than 20 institutions that needed assistance in Puerto Rico was challenging—not to mention the on­the­job”可知，如何到达波多黎各需要援助的20多家机构是一个挑战，更不用说工作上的危险了。由此可知画线词的意思是“危险”。 8．C　[解析]细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“But at this moment，they are deep in a hands­on training exercise，based on an imaginary situation cooked up by Frellsen and her co­trainers.”可知，Frellsen 和她的团队正忙于模拟演习。 Ⅱ.七选五阅读 (2025·河北衡水中学模拟)Many significant international projects have considered how schooling might change to better match the changes that have taken place in the 21st century.1.______ One is a shift in the meaning of knowledge，and the other is the need to build education systems based around what we now know about learning. The term “knowledge age” or “knowledge economy” refers to a reorganization away from an Industrial Age economy，where exploitation(开采) of natural resources，primary production and mass production were the standard models for economic development.2.______ This is achieved through the rapid creation of new knowledge and has become the basis for economic development.It is argued that education for the knowledge age must focus on the development of learners' competences to deal with new situations and environments. 3．______ Nor does it deny the need for obvious goals for students' knowledge development.Rather，the future­focused education literature suggests we need to adopt a much more complex view of knowledge，one that incorporates knowing，doing and being.Alongside this we need to rethink our ideas about how our learning systems are organized，resourced and supported.Research clearly shows that people do not learn well as passive recipients(接受者) of pre­packaged，bite­sized pieces of knowledge.4.______ Although some of these principles are understood by many teachers，our education systems and practices are often set up in ways that do not support these principles to operate in practice.Teachers and school leaders are attempting paradigm(范式) shifts.5.______ A．There needs to be wider public support for them. B．There are two important ideas that support this work. C．This does not mean that knowledge no longer matters. D．Good learning requires active engagement in the “whole game”． E．We are required to prepare young people for the knowledge age. F．This is possible only when active learning approaches are applied. G．In the knowledge age，the ability to generate value is put in the first place. 【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了教育如何进行改变，以更好地适应21世纪发生的变化。 1．B　[解析]根据下文“One is a shift in the meaning of knowledge，and the other is the need to build education systems based around what we now know about learning.”可知，这里提出了两种观念，因而空处应是对下文内容的提示，阐述有两种观点。选项B“There are two important ideas that support this work.”符合语境。 2．G　[解析]上文“ ...an Industrial Age economy，where exploitation of natural resources，primary production and mass production were the standard models for economic development.”提到了工业时代的情况。下文“This is achieved through the rapid creation of new knowledge and has become the basis for economic development.”中的This指代的是知识时代，所以空处应该承上启下，讲述知识时代的情形。选项G“In the knowledge age，the ability to generate value is put in the first place.”符合语境。 3．C　[解析]根据下文“Nor does it deny the need for obvious goals for students' knowledge development.”可知，句子用了否定词置于句首的部分倒装，结合nor一词可知空处也要用否定，选项C“This does not mean that knowledge no longer matters.”与下文在句式和语义上衔接顺畅，符合语境。 4．D　[解析]根据上文“Research clearly shows that people do not learn well as passive recipients of pre­packaged，bite­sized pieces of knowledge.”可知，此处作者提出了他不赞成的“被动灌输”的学习方式，因此，空处应该是作者认可的学习方式。选项D“Good learning requires active engagement in the ‘whole game’．”表明积极参与是有利于学习的，符合语境。 5．A　[解析]根据本段上文“Although some of these principles are understood by many teachers，our education systems and ...Teachers and school leaders are attempting paradigm shifts.”可知，许多教师理解的一些原则在实践中并不被教育系统所支持，这促使教师和学校领导做出转变。作为段落的结尾句，应该提出对于教师和学校领导的转变要予以支持。选项A“There needs to be wider public support for them.”中的them指代上文的teachers and school leaders，符合语境。 Ⅲ.语法填空 (2025·辽宁大连模拟)A first­of­its­kind elevated steel pedestrian walkway system—Fuzhou Forest Walkway—runs through forested areas in China.1.__________(common) known as “Fudao”，it 2.__________(span) over 6.3 kilometers from end to end，covering about 19 kilometers along its winding path.The walkway，3.__________(design) as an urban connector，links two bodies of water，while 4.__________(provide) public access to the hills outside of Fuzhou's city center. The project forms part of a larger redevelopment of the area，which also saw 5.__________(significance) improvements to the region's facilities.An existing bus station has been transformed into a visitor center，while 6.__________ fish pond has been repurposed as a bio­retention(生物滞留) lake. The walkway consists of six basic deck components 7.__________ can be ordered and linked together in various ways.The project is a system capable of crossing over the rolling mountains and protecting the ecology of the site.The use of a porous grating(格栅) for decks allows natural light 8.__________(reach) the ground plants，encouraging low­lying plants to grow. Interestingly，9.__________ enables barrier­free access along the walkway's entire length is its consistent 1∶16 gradient(坡度).This was an important consideration for public access，ensuring that it could be enjoyed by people 10.__________ all ages.Conveniences such as rest areas，viewing decks，observation towers，and teahouses have been included，adding variety and character to the site as an eco­tourism destination. 【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了中国首条钢结构空中森林步道——福州城市森林步道。 1．Commonly　[解析]考查副词。句意：俗称“福道”，福州城市森林步道从起点到终点全长6.3千米，沿着蜿蜒的路径绵延约19千米。副词commonly作状语修饰动词，首字母大写。故填Commonly。 2．spans　[解析]考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意见上题解析。陈述事实，用一般现在时，主语为it，谓语用第三人称单数形式。故填spans。 3．designed　[解析]考查非谓语动词。句意：这条步道被设计成城市连接器，连接两片水域，同时为市民提供进入福州市中心外的山丘公共通道。空处为非谓语动词，The walkway与design为被动关系，用过去分词作定语。故填designed。 4．providing　[解析]考查非谓语动词。句意见上题解析。本句谓语为links，while后非谓语动词作状语，provide与主语The walkway之间为主动关系，用现在分词作状语。故填providing。 5．significant　[解析]考查形容词。句意：该项目是该地区更大规模的再开发的一部分，该地区的设施也得到了显著改善。形容词significant作定语修饰名词。故填significant。 6．a　[解析]考查冠词。句意：一个现有的公交车站被改造成游客中心，而一个鱼塘被改造成生物滞留池。泛指“一个鱼塘”，且fish以辅音音素开头，所以用不定冠词a。故填a。 7．that/which　[解析]考查定语从句的关系词。句意：步道由六个基本的甲板组件组成，这些组件可以以各种方式排列和连接在一起。先行词为six basic deck components，指物，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作主语，应用that或者which。故填that/which。 8．to reach　[解析]考查非谓语动词。句意：露台使用多孔光栅，让自然光照射到地面植物，促进低洼植物生长。allow sb./sth. to do sth.表示“允许某人/某物做某事”。故填to reach。 9．what　[解析]考查主语从句的引导词。句意：有趣的是，使整条步道无障碍的是其始终如一的1∶16坡度。空处为主语从句，缺少主语，指代事物用what。故填what。 10．of　[解析]考查介词。句意：这是大众通行的一个重要考虑因素，确保所有年龄段的人都能享受它。of all ages表示“所有年龄段”，为固定短语。故填of。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$