课时作业(4) 必修第一册 UNIT 3 SPORTS AND FITNESS（Word练习）-【优化指导】2026年高考英语一轮复习高中总复习·第1轮（人教版）

课时作业(四)　必修第一册　UNIT 3　SPORTS AND FITNESS (限时30分钟) Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2025·安徽示范高中联考)The Dutch Headwind Time Trial Championship is only 8.5 kilometers long，but it is considered one of the hardest cycling challenges in the world. If you've ever ridden a bike against a reasonably strong wind，you know just how difficult dealing with the extra drag can be.However，the Dutch Headwind Time Trial Championship only takes place during storms，when the wind force is expected to be at least 7，on the Oosterscheldekering storm barrier，which faces the North Sea. The Dutch Headwind Time Trial Championship has been held almost every year on the Oosterscheldekering since 2013，gathering hundreds of cycling enthusiasts from all over the Netherlands.Participants are limited to 300，all of whom start in the same place，30 seconds apart from each other.The cyclist who completes the 8.5­kilometer course first is declared the winner. With weather conditions as bad as they are during this unique race，any kind of technical advantage can make a huge difference.Therefore，organizers try to level_the_playing_field by ensuring that all participants use the same equipment—a single­speed aluminum Gazelle city bike with back­pedal brakes.The only things that can provide an advantage are fitness and endurance(忍耐力). You might be wondering why anyone would want to torture their legs by pedaling against winds that could sweep a person off their feet，and that's a valid question，but the point is that many Dutch do.You may get a glimpse of the reason for their enthusiasm from the interview of a professional athlete，Lisa Scheenaard，who has won the last three editions in the women's category.As she put it，“For me，it's not just to win the champion but to push myself physically and mentally.It inspires and changes me as a person.As a cyclist，that's the biggest part.” 1．What makes the Championship so challenging? A．The length. B．The wind. C．The procedure. D．The equipment. 2．What do the underlined words “level_the_playing_field” in Paragraph 4 mean? A．Keep the race fair. B．Grade the race. C．Make the field flat. D．Hold the competition. 3．What can be learned from the text? A．Participants with determination are more likely to win. B．Whoever has an interest in cycling can take part in it. C．The Championship has been organized every other year. D．All participants are required to start in the same place at the same time. 4．Why are so many Dutch enthusiastic about the Championship? A．To compete and win the award. B．To seek their fortune. C．To challenge and improve themselves. D．To keep their figure. 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。荷兰逆风自行车锦标赛被认为是世界上最艰难的自行车比赛之一。文章介绍了比赛的规则、难度以及人们的参与热情。 1．B　[解析]细节理解题。根据第二段中的“However，the Dutch Headwind Time Trial Championship only takes place during storms，when the wind force is expected to be at least 7，on the Oosterscheldekering storm barrier，which faces the North Sea.”可知，锦标赛如此具有挑战性是因为逆风。 2．A　[解析]词义猜测题。根据下文“by ensuring that all participants use the same equipment—a single­speed aluminum Gazelle city bike with back­pedal brakes.The only things that can provide an advantage are fitness and endurance.”可知，组织者这样做的目的就是保证比赛的公平，第四段中画线部分的意思是“保持比赛公平”。 3．A　[解析]推理判断题。根据第四段中的“The only things that can provide an advantage are fitness and endurance.”以及最后一段中的“For me，it's not just to win the champion but to push myself physically and mentally.It inspires and changes me as a person.As a cyclist，that's the biggest part.”可知，过去三届冠军Lisa Scheenaard无论是从身体上还是精神上讲都是意志力很坚强的、很有决心的人，因此，要获胜必须要有体能、耐力和决心。 4．C　[解析]推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“For me，it's not just to win the champion but to push myself physically and mentally.It inspires and changes me as a person.As a cyclist，that's the biggest part.”可知，这么多荷兰人对锦标赛充满热情是为了挑战和提高自己。 B (2025·安徽马鞍山模拟)About one in four Americans are physically inactive，according to data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.But for many of us，physical inactivity is not an intentional choice.It stems_from sitting all day at a desk job and driving to work because there are no suitable walking or cycling routes.But what if the infrastructure(基础设施) around you gave you the opportunity to move your body without taking extra time out of your day? “An active city would offer you loads of ways to get from A to B，” said Anna Boldina，an architectural researcher and designer who studies active cities at the University of Cambridge in the U．K.“Not only would these active cities be full of variety，but the various elements of an active city also have their own specific benefits：for example，stepping stones improve balanced co­activation of a variety of upper and lower body muscles as well as mindfulness and concentration on ‘here and now’， known as a stress relief.” This all sounds great for future city design and planning，but how can we integrate these features into existing city infrastructure？“The best way to transform a place into an active city is through small interventions here and there：an extra stepping stone shortcut across the grass or extra log across the rain garden，” Boldina said.“Sometimes it is not about adding; it is about removing.It is also important that these routes are accessible to people of all ages and abilities.” Of course，if there are always less challenging alternatives available，how can we encourage those who are able to take the more physically active routes？“One of our studies was aimed specifically at encouragement，” Boldina said.The study found that the most effective means of encouragement was providing a shortcut.“Other factors included playfulness，crossing water，using natural materials and adding handrails for confidence，” added Boldina，whose group is currently working with architects in Cambridge to create such active landscapes. 5．Which of the following best explains the underlined words “stems_from” in Paragraph 1? A．Relies on. B．Is caused by. C．Mixes with. D．Is changed into. 6．What can we learn about active cities? A．They contribute to better health. B．They offer personalized activities. C．They rely on governmental support. D．They generally look like each other. 7．What does Boldina think matters when we transform a place into an active city? A．Protecting the local environment. B．Adding a variety of safety equipment. C．Making it easy for people to use. D．Designing as many routes as possible. 8．What does Boldina's study try to find? A．How to motivate citizens to use active routes. B．How to make active routes functional and fun. C．Why citizens have little interest in active routes. D．Why Cambridge can succeed in adopting active routes. 【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了关于如何通过设计城市基础设施来促进人们的身体活动的研究和建议，以及剑桥大学研究人员关于“活力都市”的概念和实践。 5．B　[解析]词义猜测题。根据前文“But for many of us，physical inactivity is not an intentional choice.”可知，此处讲述许多人缺乏运动并不是一个有意识的选择，所以接下来应是讲述为什么，根据画线部分后文sitting all day at a desk job and driving to work because there are no suitable walking or cycling routes可推知，应是表达“它源于整天伏案工作以及开车上班，因为没有合适的步行或骑行路线”，所以stems from应是“源于”之义，和B项意思相近。 6．A　[解析]推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Not only would these active cities be full of variety，but the various elements of an active city also have their own specific benefits：for example，stepping stones improve balanced co­activation of a variety of upper and lower body muscles as well as mindfulness and concentration on ‘here and now’， known as a stress relief.”可知，一个充满活力的城市有助于增进健康。 7．C　[解析]细节理解题。根据第三段中的“It is also important that these routes are accessible to people of all ages and abilities.”可知，Boldina认为重要的是，这些路线应该对所有年龄段和能力的人开放，也就是让人们更容易使用。 8．A　[解析]细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“‘One of our studies was aimed specifically at encouragement，’ Boldina said.The study found that the most effective means of encouragement was providing a shortcut.”可知，Boldina的研究试图找到激励市民使用活力路线的方式。 Ⅱ.完形填空 (2025·河北保定模拟)I often felt there was a lack of ceremony in my life.The ceremony of passage to mark transitions was __1__．Therefore，I was especially __2__ when a friend invited me to go with him for a hike that would mark his __3__ entry into elderhood.We would be __4__ by three other companions.One of them was a wise and gentle elder who would serve as our __5__．But whether it involved a ceremony or not，an opportunity to walk in the backcountry with people who knew where they were going sounded __6__ to me，and yes was what I said. It was a long drive and we started out early，__7__ along mountain roads to a campground at the edge of a wilderness area where we met our guide.We then walked along a gently rising trail.Along the way there was green grass and bursts of colorful __8__，and we soon got down into a sandy creek bed，which we followed for some time.The wonders of the wilderness __9__ before us，and every now and then our guide stopped to call our __10__ to the shift of the environment，instructing us to __11__ the spirit of attentiveness and gratitude. Occasionally，he paused to adjust the leg brace(支架) he was wearing to support his knee，but these were teachable moments too.“Getting __12__ slows us down，” he said，“but when we slow down，we become aware of things.That's one of the __13__ of being an elder.We are allowed to slow down and notice.Life may not have so many ceremonies，so we need to __14__ changes.We should move forward with the right __15__：being humble，appreciative and positive.” 1．A．happening B．missing C．developing D．recovering 2．A．curious B．puzzled C．confident D．excited 3．A．sympathetic B．severe C．symbolic D．sufficient 4．A．visited B．accompanied C．persuaded D．accomplished 5．A．guide B．friend C．teacher D．partner 6．A．unimportant B．ordinary C．wonderful D．unsuitable 7．A．walking B．climbing C．jumping D．winding 8．A．wildflowers B．cultures C．clothes D．houses 9．A．hid B．unfolded C．disappeared D．stopped 10．A．attraction B．association C．attention D．accommodation 11．A．forget B．keep C．break D．change 12．A．lighter B．clever C．healthier D．older 13．A．gifts B．plans C．purposes D．disadvantages 14．A．wait for B．pay for C．object to D．adapt to 15．A．attempt B．influence C．attitude D．function 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。作者感到生活缺少仪式感，欣然接受了朋友的邀请，参加了徒步旅行。旅程中，他们欣赏自然美景，向导教导他们保持专注和感恩，享受变老带来的智慧，即放慢脚步适应变化，以积极的态度面对生活。 1．B　[解析]考查动词词义辨析。句意：标志着过渡的仪式不见了。根据上文“I often felt there was a lack of ceremony in my life.”可知，作者觉得生活缺少仪式感，因此这些仪式不见了。 2．D　[解析]考查形容词词义辨析。句意：因此，当一位朋友邀请我和他一起徒步旅行时，我特别兴奋，这次徒步将标志着他象征性地步入老年。根据上文“I often felt there was a lack of ceremony in my life.”可知，作者觉得自己的生活缺少仪式感，再结合下文“when a friend invited me to go with him for a hike that would mark his __3__ entry into elderhood”可知，作者被邀请参加徒步旅行，庆祝朋友步入老年，这是很有仪式感的活动，因此作者会很兴奋。 3．C　[解析]考查形容词词义辨析。句意见上题解析。根据下文entry into elderhood可推知，这次徒步旅行标志着他象征性地步入老年。 4．B　[解析]考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们将由另外三个同伴陪同。根据下文by three other companions可推知，作者和朋友两人是由另外三个同伴陪同。 5．A　[解析]考查名词词义辨析。句意：其中一位是睿智而温和的长者，他将担任我们的向导。根据下文where we met our guide可知，这位长者将作为他们的向导。 6．C　[解析]考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但不管是否有仪式感，有机会和那些知道自己要去哪里的人一起在荒野中散步对我来说太棒了，于是我答应了。根据下文yes was what I said可知，作者欣然答应参加这次徒步旅行，因此应该是觉得这样的机会很棒。 7．D　[解析]考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是一段漫长的车程，我们很早就出发了，沿着山路蜿蜒而行，来到荒野边缘的一个露营地，在那里我们遇到了我们的向导。根据上文It was a long drive可知，他们是开车前往，再结合下文along mountain roads to a campground at the edge of a wilderness area可推知，车子是沿着山路开到荒野边缘的一个露营地。 8．A　[解析]考查名词词义辨析。句意：一路上有绿色的草地和五颜六色的野花，很快我们就到了一个沙质的河床，我们沿着河床走了一段时间。根据上文Along the way there was green grass and bursts of colorful可推知，一路上是绿色的草地和五颜六色的野花。 9．B　[解析]考查动词词义辨析。句意：荒野的奇观在我们面前展开，我们的向导不时停下来提醒我们注意环境的变化，指示我们保持专注和感恩的精神。根据上文“we soon got down into a sandy creek bed，which we followed for some time”可知，他们进入了沙质的河床进行徒步旅行，因此荒野的奇观在他们面前展开。 10．C　[解析]考查名词词义辨析。句意见上题解析。根据下文to the shift of the environment可推知，环境在变化，向导会提醒大家要注意，固定短语call one's attention to意为“叫某人注意，提醒某人注意”。 11．B　[解析]考查动词词义辨析。句意见第9题解析。根据他们是在进行徒步旅行的情境，以及下文the spirit of attentiveness and gratitude可推知，向导会指示他们在野外保持专注和感恩的精神。 12．D　[解析]考查形容词词义辨析。句意：变老会让我们慢下来，但当我们慢下来的时候，我们也开始意识到事物的存在。根据下文“That's one of the __13__ of being an elder.”可知，慢下来是变老导致的。 13．A　[解析]考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是作为长者的礼物之一。根据上文“but when we slow down，we become aware of things”和下文“We are allowed to slow down and notice.”可知，慢下来让人意识到事物的存在，更有觉察力，因此这是礼物之一。 14．D　[解析]考查动词短语辨析。句意：生活也许没有那么多仪式，所以我们需要适应变化。根据上文Life may not have so many ceremonies可知，生活也许没有那么多仪式，不会很明显地标记不同，再结合下文changes可推知，这就需要自己去主动适应变化。 15．C　[解析]考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们应该以正确的态度前进：谦虚、感恩、积极。根据下文“being humble，appreciative and positive”可推知，向导在告诉大家该以正确的态度前进：谦虚、感恩、积极。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$