Unit 3 My School 单元语法：方位介词及短语 & there be句型（精讲课件）-2025-2026学年七年级英语上册单元知识点精讲精练（人教版2024）

英语语法专项 LESSON OF JUNIOR MIDDLE SCHOOL ENGLISH 初 中 七年级上册 Unit 3 My School CONTENTS 录 目 新教材（单元） 语法点 Unit 1 You and Me *be 动词的用法 * 人称代词 * 物主代词 Unit 2 We’re Family *主谓一致 *‘S型所有格 Unit 3 My School *方位介词及短语 *there be 句型 Unit 4 My Favorite Subject *连词 and, but 和 because 的用法 Unit 5 Fun Clubs *情态动词 can *play+乐器/球类/棋牌 Unit 6 A Day in the Life *时间表达法 * 问时间 *频率副词 Unit 7 Happy Birthday *基数词和序数词 *日期的表达 * 疑问副词 方位介词及短语 CONTENTS there be 句型 方位介词 及短语 4 知识要点 序号 方位介词 序号 方位介词 1 in, on, to 5 between, among 2 in front of ，in the front of 6 through, past 3 in, on 7 near, beside, next to 4 over, under ,on 8 across, across from 介词 用法 例句 图例 in 指的是小范围在一个大范围的里面，表示 “在某范围之内”，强调两者的包含关系。 Beijing is in the north of China.（北京是中国的一个城市，在中国这个大范围内部，所以用 in） on 指的是一个范围紧挨着另一个范围，表示 “两地接壤”，强调两者为相邻关系。 Korea is on the northeast of China（ 朝鲜与中国的东北边境相邻，二者接壤） to 指的是一个范围和另一个范围之间隔段距离，表示 “在某范围之外”，强调两者是远离关系。 Japan is to the east of China.（日本在中国范围之外，与中国之间隔着海洋） 1. in, on, to China Beijing China Korea China Japan 2.in front of, in the front of 介词 用法 例句 图例 in front of 表示在某物体或人的外部前方，强调两者相互独立，一个物体在另一个物体的外部前面。 There’s a big tree in front of the building.( 树是在建筑物外部的前面，两者是独立的个体) in the front of 表示在某物体或空间的内部前侧，即一个物体在另一个物体的内部前端。 The driver sits in the front of the car. (司机是在汽车内部的前部，属于汽车这个空间范围内) 3. in, on, at 介词 用法 例句 图例 in 树外之物，如在树上停留的鸟、小虫子和猴子等，需要用到介词in My cat is in the tree. 我的猫在树上。 on 一般树本身之物，也就是“长”在树上的东西，如果实和花朵等，需要用到介词on The leaves on the tree are turning yellow. 树上的叶子正在变黄。 4. over, under，on 介词 用法 例句 图例 over over：表示 “在……（正）上方”，强调垂直上方，且两个物体之间通常没有接触。 There are several bridges over the river.( 桥在河的正上方，桥与河面没有接触) under 意为 “在……（正）下方”，是 over 的反义词，同样强调垂直关系，物体之间也不接触。 The boat sailed under the bridge. ( 船在桥的正下方行驶，船与桥没有接触) on 表示 “在…… 上面”，指一个物体在另一个物体的表面上，且两者有物理接触。 The boat is on the river.( 船是在河的表面上，与河面有接触) 介词 用法 例句 图例 between 通常用于表示两个具体的事物或人之间的关系或区别 There is a road between the two mountains. 两座山之间有一条路。 among 用于表示三个或三个以上的事物或人之间的关系或区别 The girl is sitting among the children. 这个女孩坐在孩子们中间。 5. between, among 介词 用法 例句 图例 across 从物体的表面穿过，即穿过一个平面，常和位移动词（如 go，walk等）连用。 Go across the bridge，and you will find the park.(强调从桥的表面从一端走到另一端) through 从物体的内部穿过，常用于穿过沙漠、森林、窗户等有一定空间范围的事物。 The river runs through the city.(河流是从城市内部穿过，涉及 “体” 的概念） past 指从某物旁边经过，意思是 “走过某处、经过……”。 Someone has just gone past the window.（强调从窗户旁边经过，不涉及穿过表面或内部） 6. across, through, past past： 7. near, beside, next to 介词 用法 例句 图例 near “在…… 附近”，强调距离上比较近，但不强调具体方位和是否挨着。 There is a park near my house. 我家附近有个公园。 beside “在…… 旁边”，通常强调两者在同一平面上，且位置较为靠近，有 “并排” 或 “紧邻” 的感觉。 The cat is beside the dog. 猫在狗的旁边。 next to “紧挨着……；在…… 旁边”，表示距离最近，强调两者之间直接相邻，中间没有其他事物间隔。 My seat is next to hers in the theater.在剧院里，我的座位紧挨着她的座位。 介词 用法 例句 图例 across 表示跨越、 横跨 She swam across the lake in record time. 她以创纪录的时间游过了湖泊。 across from 在对面 he bank is just across from the post office. You can go to both places in one trip. 银行就在邮局对面，你可以一次把两个地方都去了。 8. across. across from practice A B B A 1．—Can we eat snacks in class? —No, we can’t. We have to eat ________ the dining hall. A．in B．on C．at 2．Yuexiu District lies ________ Baiyun Mountain and the Pearl River. A．on B．between C．behind D．in front of 3．— Xiaoming, where is Fujian? — It’s________ Zhejiang and Guangdong. A．around B．between C．under 4．—Where are we going to have a picnic? —I know there are some beautiful parks ________ the Yangtze River. A．across B．over C．along D．through 5．There is lovely blue sky ________ the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. A．above B．under C．with D．inside C practice 6．Shandong province is ________ the north of China and Japan is ________ the east of China. A．in, on B．to, on C．in, to 7．The library is ________ the school gate, making it easy for students to visit. A．over B．except C．opposite D．against 8．Nanjing is ________ the east of China and China is ________ the west of Japan. A．in; in B．to; to C．in; to D．to; in 9．You must be careful when you walk ________ the street. A．across B．below C．over D．through 10．Look at the picture, the girl is reading ________ the tree. A．in B．on C．below D．under 11．Shanghai is ________ the east of China and is ________ the west of Japan. A．in; in B．in; to C．to; in D．to; to C C C A D B 12．My friend Amy lives on the top floor, and I live two floors _______ her. A．above B．over C．under D．below 13．— Look! A little child is ________ the street. It’s too dangerous.— Let’s help him cross the street. A．in front of B．in the front of C．in the middle D．in the middle of 14．I sit ________ my best friend Millie. She is just on my right. I’m so glad to have her by my side. A．next to B．in front of C．before D．after 15．—Honey, can you tell Mum what you drew? —________ the tree is the moon; below the tree is you! A．Through B．Above C．Over 16．— Excuse me, how can I get to the city library? — Go along this road and ________ the tunnel, and then you can see it on your right. A．through B．across C．past D．between practice D D A B A 17．—The Sahara Desert is one of the largest deserts in the world. —Yes, it covers a large area ________ northern Africa. A．in B．on C．to D．across 18．Beijing is _______ the north of China and Japan is _______ the east of China. A．in; on B．to; on C．in; to D．to; to 19．—Mike, do you know where Taiwan Province is? —It is ______ the southeast of China. A．on B．in C．to 20．Suqian is in the north of Jiangsu and Suzhou is ________ the south of Suqian. A．in B．next C．to D．for practice D C B D there be 句型 18 There be 结构句 There be ...句型表示 “某处有(存在) 某人或某物”，构成形式一般为: there be + 某人/物 + 地点/时间，意为：在某地有某物（或某人）。 肯定句：there be + 其他 否定句：there be + not + 其他 一般疑问句：be + there + 其他 There are two erasers in my pencil box. There isn’t a bank on Bridge Street. Is there a restaurant near here? 特殊疑问句：be + there + 其他 Where is your brother? 肯定回答：Yes, there is/are. 否定回答：No, there isn’t/aren’t. There is a big blackboard at the front of our classroom. On it, there are often some colorful chalk drawings and important notes written by our teachers.​ There are forty desks and chairs in the classroom. Each desk has a small drawer, and there are some textbooks and stationery in most of them.​ There is a teacher’s desk near the blackboard. On the teacher’s desk, there are a few lesson plans, a red pen, and a small potted plant.​ There are four big windows on the walls. Through the windows, we can see the beautiful playground outside. Near the windows, there are some bookshelves, and there are many interesting storybooks and reference books on them.​ There is a clock above the blackboard. It tells us the time for classes and breaks. All in all, our classroom is a warm and tidy place for us to study.​ ​ 我们教室的前面有一块大黑板。黑板上经常有一些色彩鲜艳的粉笔画，还有老师们写的重要笔记。 教室里有四十套桌椅。每张桌子都有一个小抽屉，大多数抽屉里放着一些课本和文具。 黑板旁边有一张讲桌。讲桌上有几份教案、一支红笔和一盆小盆栽。 墙上有四扇大窗户。透过窗户，我们可以看到外面美丽的操场。窗户旁边有一些书架，上面放着许多有趣的故事书和参考书。 黑板上方有一个时钟，它告诉我们上课和休息的时间。 总而言之，我们的教室是一个温暖又整洁的学习场所。 肯定句：there be + 其他 there be 结构的否定句是在be 后加＂not＂或＂no＂,表示“没有”之意。如果句中有some，变否定句时需将some变为any。 否定句：there be + not + 其他 There is not a book on the desk. 桌子上没有书。 There are no pens in the pencil - box. 铅笔盒里没有钢笔。 There isn‘t any water in the bottle. 瓶子里没有水。 There are not any students in the classroom. 教室里没有学生。 There is no milk in the fridge. 冰箱里没有牛奶。 There aren‘t any flowers in the garden. 花园里没有花。 there be 结构的一般疑问句通常是把be提至there前，首字母大写，句末用问号，肯定的回答为＂Yes，there is/are＂,否定回答为＂No，there isn’t/aren’t＂。 一般疑问句：be + there + 其他 —Is there a dog in the garden? 花园里有只狗吗？ —Yes, there is. 是的，有。/ No, there isn’t. 不，没有。 —Are there any students in the library? 图书馆里有学生吗？ —Yes, there are. 是的，有。 / No, there aren’t. 不，没有。 —Is there any water in the glass? 杯子里有水吗？ —Yes, there is. 是的，有。/ No, there isn’t. 不，没有。 对主语提问：当主语是人时，用 “Who + be + 介词短语？”；当主语是物时，用 “What + be + 介词短语？”。无论原句的主语是单数还是复数，对其提问时一般都用 be 的单数形式，回答时根据实际情况来确定。 There is a bird in the tree. 树上有一只鸟。→What‘s in the tree? 树上有什么？ There were some people in the room. 房间里有一些人。 →Who was in the room? 房间里是谁？ 对地点状语提问：用 “Where + be + 主语？” 来提问。 There is a book on the desk. 桌子上有一本书。 →Where is the book? 书在哪里？ 特殊疑问句：be + there + 其他 对数量提问：如果主语是可数名词，用 “How many + 可数名词复数 + are there + 介词短语？”；如果主语是不可数名词，则用 “How much + 不可数名词 + is there + 介词短语？”。 There are five apples on the table.桌子上有五个苹果。 →How many apples are there on the table? 桌子上有多少个苹果？ There is some water in the bottle. 瓶子里有一些水。 →How much water is there in the bottle? 瓶子里有多少水？ 特殊疑问句：be + there + 其他 There be 句型中的主谓一致原则 There be句型中be动词的形式要和其后面的主语在人称和数上保持一致。 (1) 如果句子的主语是单数的可数名词，或是不可数名词，be动词用“is”。 紧挨着邮局有一个投币电话。_____________a pay phone next to the post office. There is (2) 如果句子的主语是复数名词，be动词就用“are”。 在公园里很多树。_____ ___ many trees in the park. There are (3) 如果有两个或两个以上的名词作主语，be动词要和最靠近它的那个 主语在数上保持一致，也就是我们常说的 “就近原则”。 _____ __ an orange and some bananas on the table. _____ ___ some bananas and an orange on the table. There is There are 1．—Is there a bank near here? —Yes, there is. It’s ________ Center Street. A．at B．on C．in D．to 2．The supermarket is ________ the post office and the library. A．between B．in C．on D．across 3．—Which floor does Andy live ________?     —The ninth floor. That’s two floors ________ us. A．on；above B．/；above C．on；over D．/；over 4．Shanghai lies ________ the east of China. A．to B．in C．on D．at 5．There are many stores ________ Green Street. And the bank is ________ the post office and the restaurant. A．on; in B．in; across C．on; between practice B A A B C 6．Doctors suggest that we shouldn’t read ________ the sun because it’s harmful to our eyes. A．in B．to C．on D．at 7．—Xiao Ya, where is Fujian? —It’s _________ Zhejiang and Guangdong. A．around B．under C．between 8．Look at the picture on the right. The football is ________ the chair. A．inside B．between C．under D．behind 9．—What time is it ________ Beijing? —It’s 8 o’ clock. A．in B．on C．at D．to 10．From the top of the building, the cars ________ us look like little ants. A．above B．between C．beside D．belo practice A C C A D 11．There ________ any bottles of juice in the fridge, but there is some tea in the kitchen. A．aren’t B．isn’t C．are D．is 12．There ________ a small bowl of porridge and an egg on the table. A．has B．is C．are 13．There _______ many new books in the library. I want to get some to read. A．are B．is C．be 14．There ________ some beautiful flowers on the teacher’s desk. A．is B．has C．are D．have 15．________ 20 girls in my class, and I ________ two good friends of them. A．There have; are B．There have; have C．There is; are D．There are; have practice A B A C D practice 16．紧挨着黑板有一个智能白板。 a smart whiteboard next to the blackboard. 17．我们学校有许多有趣的课后活动。 18．We have many interesting events on the sports field.（同义句转换） many interesting events on our sports field. 19．桌上有一些牛奶吗？ 20．is/ smart whiteboard/a/ my classroom/ there/in . There is There are many interesting after-school activities in our school. There are Is there any milk on the table? There is a smart whiteboard in my classroom THE END $$