【爱疯大课堂】2025年全国一卷长难句梳理及精析

2025年新课标I卷长难句梳理 1. Moving goods and people around the world is responsible for a large part of global CO₂ emissions(排放).（17词，四选一阅读A篇） 2. As the world races to decarbonize everything, it faces particular problems with transportation—which accounts for about a quarter of our energy-related greenhouse gas emissions.（26词，四选一阅读A篇） 3. The fuels for transport need to be not just green, cheap and powerful, but also lightweight and safe enough to be carried around. （23词，四选一阅读A篇） 4. This energy transition(变革) is global, and the amount of renewable energy the world will need is “a little bit mind-blowing,” says mechanical engineer Keith Wipke at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory.（31词，四选一阅读A篇） 5. In my ninth-grade writing class last year, I met a cowboy who saved his town, a strict father who demanded his son earn straight A’s, and a modern-day Juliet who died of heartbreak after her parents rejected the love of her young life.（43词，四选一阅读B篇） 6. Most of the essays filled less than one page, and few contained a sentence that could be interpreted as a thesis(论点) statement.（22词，四选一阅读B篇） 7. They could have written pages on the necessity of computers, but writing, in and of itself, simply didn’t strike them as important.（22词，四选一阅读B篇） 8. As a new unit started, I asked everyone to write a persuasive piece on a health-related topic of their choice.（21词，四选一阅读B篇） 9. For the next two assignments, a personal-narrative unit followed by a creative-writing workshop, I only required that the piece meet the specifications of its genre(体裁) and that it contain a thesis.（31词，四选一阅读B篇） 10. The students took on diverse topics and turned in stories, 10 to 20 pages each, with characters that broadened my view and touched my heart.（25词，四选一阅读B篇） 11. When the final bell rang in June, I walked away with a yearbook full of messages about writing’s most powerful significance—the ability to connect people, to put us in another’s skin, to teach us what it means to be human.（41词，四选一阅读B篇） 12. While safety improvements might have been made to our streets in recent years, transport studies also show declines in pedestrian(行人) mobility, especially among young children.（25词，四选一阅读C篇） 13. Many parents say there’s too much traffic on the roads for their children to walk safely to school, so they pack them into the car instead.（26词，四选一阅读C篇） 14. Most famously, a Canadian journalist who had moved her family to Manhattan in the early 1950s led a campaign to stop the destruction of her local park.（27词，四选一阅读C篇） 15. Describing her alarm at its proposed replacement with an expressway, Jane Jacobs called on her mayor(市长) to champion “New York as a decent place to live, and not just rush through.”（31词，四选一阅读C篇） 16. Although these campaigns were widespread, the reality is that the majority of the western cities were completely redesigned around the needs of the motor car. （25词，四选一阅读C篇） 17. In Australia we now have over twenty million cars for just over twenty-six million people, among the highest rate of car ownership in the world.（25词，四选一阅读C篇） 18. Do we really recognise what it costs us as a society when children can’t move safely around our communities?（19词，四选一阅读C篇） 19. Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth—they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas, stuck inside volcanic rocks, filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow.（39词，四选一阅读D篇） 20. Now, new research suggests that a simple, cheap measure may significantly reduce the level of microplastics in water from your tap(水龙头): boiling and filtering(过滤) it.（25词，四选一阅读D篇） 21. In a study published Wednesday in Environmental Science & Technology Letters, researchers from China found that boiling tap water for just five minutes—then filtering it after it cools—could remove at least 80 percent of its microplastics.（37词，四选一阅读D篇） 22. In the study, boiling hard water containing 300 milligrams of calcium carbonate led to an almost 90 percent drop in plastics.（21词，四选一阅读D篇） 23. But in samples with less than 60 milligrams of calcium carbonate, boiling reduced the level of plastics by just 25 percent.（21词，四选一阅读D篇） 24. The team focused only on three common types—polystyrene, polyethylene and polypropylene—and they didn’t study other chemicals previously found in water such as vinyl chloride.（26词，四选一阅读D篇） 25. Still, the findings show a potential path forward for reducing microplastic exposure—a task that’s becoming increasingly difficult.（16词，四选一阅读D篇） 26. Even bottled water, scientists found earlier this year, contains 10 to 1,000 times more microplastics than originally thought.（18词，四选一阅读D篇） 27. Scientists are still trying to determine how harmful microplastics are—but what they do know has raised concerns.（16词，四选一阅读D篇） 28. “The way they demonstrated how microplastics were trapped through the boiling process was nice,” Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay, an environmental engineer at the University of Glasgow in Scotland who was not involved in the research, tells New Scientist.（36词，四选一阅读D篇） 29. Catherine Murphy, a cafe worker in a green shirt and black hat, makes sure that each customer gets exactly what they order.（22词，七选五阅读） 30. Even when the line is getting longer, she doesn’t let it get in the way of her genuine conversations.（19词，七选五阅读） 31. One thing Murphy may not know is that her smile is contagious(有感染力) and can be the difference in a student having a much better day than they were having before seeing her.（32词，七选五阅读） 32. Joanna Wright, a senior political science major, loves coffee and goes to the cafe at least six days a week.（20词，七选五阅读） 33. “Catherine always has a huge smile on her face, which always puts me in a cheerful mood,” Wright said.（19词，七选五阅读） 34. One August afternoon, I sat in my kitchen staring at a glass vase that hadn’t seen daylight since my wedding.（19词，完形填空） 35. My husband and I had just sold our house and we were busy emptying out the beloved home our family had spent 23 years filling up.（26词，完形填空） 36. We had decided on key items for the apartment we were moving to in town, donated what we could, and rented a place to sell our supposedly important objects.（29词，完形填空） 37. That left a house still covered with things that, while not particularly valuable, didn’t belong in a landfill.(垃圾填埋场)（18词，完形填空） 38. A couple of messages came in, one wanting additional photos, another asking for a price cut.（16词，完形填空） 39. Each exchange provided a chance to remove the landfill and to please another person I might not otherwise have recognized.（20词，完形填空） 40. I take joy in knowing that, somewhere nearby, someone is delivering something that couldn’t come with us.（17词，完形填空） 41. An exhibition at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwork inspired by Go, or weiqi in Chinese, which originated in China more than 4,000 years ago.（28词，语法填空） 42. The movements of the black and white pieces reflect the basic ideas of Eastern philosophy, according to Tu Ningning, who is in charge of the exhibition.（26词，语法填空） 43. We hope to present the rather abstract Go game and AI in a visual context, and initiate dialogues with minimalist art, conceptual art and expressionism.（25词，语法填空） 44. “You try to lead the opponent into your trap and force them to follow your ‘guidance’ till they lose,” explains Wang Wei, a Go player among the visitors to the exhibition.（31词，语法填空） 45. A decent winner always tries to beat the opponent by no more than one or two points as a gesture(姿态) of respect for the other side.（26词，语法填空） 46. Tu says that the balance between the black and white pieces, the beauty in the strategic/strategical placement of the pieces, and the energy flow following each move inspired artists to create oil paintings, sculptures, digitally generated pictures and silk-screen prints for the exhibition.（43词，语法填空） 47. My wife and I wanted to share our new home with family and friends by hosting a small gathering in the early summer.（23词，读后续写材料原文） 48. There was just one thing I hadn’t counted on: My brother chose to bring his dog Toby, a 50-pound ball of fire.（22词，读后续写材料原文） 49. Toby was using up his energy by running back and forth in the backyard and giving the kids plenty of room.（21词，读后续写材料原文） 50. I didn’t want Toby to be running around in the house, and my brother wasn’t happy with driving home with a wet dog.（23词，读后续写材料原文） 51. He was facing health issues and his wife of thirty-five years had passed away a few months earlier.（18词，读后续写材料原文） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2025年新课标I卷长难句精析 四选一阅读A篇 · Moving goods and people around the world is responsible for a large part of global CO₂ emissions(排放). （17词，四选一阅读A篇） 结构精析 本句为主系表结构的简单句，主干为“Moving goods and people around the world is responsible for...”，其中“Moving goods and people around the world”为动名词短语作主语；“for a large part of global CO₂ emissions”为介词短语，用来说明“responsible”的范围或对象。 参考译文 在全球范围内运输货物和人员，是全球二氧化碳排放的重要来源之一。 语言积累 emission n. 排放（多用于废气、污染物） move goods and people 运输货物和人员 be responsible for 对……负责，是……的原因 a large part of … ……的重要组成部分/大部分 CO₂ emissions 二氧化碳排放 · As the world races to decarbonize everything, it faces particular problems with transportation—which accounts for about a quarter of our energy-related greenhouse gas emissions.（26词，四选一阅读A篇） 结构精析 本句为主从复合句，主句主干为“it faces particular problems with transportation”；句首“As the world races to decarbonize everything”为as引导的时间状语从句；破折号后“which accounts for about a quarter of our energy-related greenhouse gas emissions”为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词transportation。 参考译文 当全世界正加速推进全面去碳化时，交通运输面临着特别的挑战——它约占与能源相关的温室气体排放的四分之一。 语言积累 decarbonize v. 实现去碳化 transportation n. 交通运输 energy-related adj. 与能源相关的 face problems with sth. 面临……的问题 account for 占（比例） greenhouse gas emissions 温室气体排放 · The fuels for transport need to be not just green, cheap and powerful, but also lightweight and safe enough to be carried around. （23词，四选一阅读A篇） 结构精析 该句为简单句，主干为“The fuels need to be...”结构，其中“for transport”为介词短语作后置定语修饰fuels；“to be not just...but also...”为并列结构作表语，说明运输燃料所需具备的特征，not just与but also连接两个并列的形容词组“green, cheap and powerful”与“lightweight and safe enough to be carried around”，其中“to be carried around”为不定式短语作目的状语。 参考译文 运输燃料不仅要环保、便宜且高效，还要足够轻便和安全，便于携带。 语言积累 fuel n. 燃料 transport n. 运输 green adj. 环保的 powerful adj. 有力的，高效的 lightweight adj. 轻便的 carry around 携带，随身携带 · This energy transition(变革) is global, and the amount of renewable energy the world will need is “a little bit mind-blowing,” says mechanical engineer Keith Wipke at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory.（31词，四选一阅读A篇） 结构精析 本句为and连接的并列句。第一个句子“This energy transition is global”为主系表结构；第二句主干为“the amount of renewable energy ... is mind-blowing”，其中“the world will need”为关系词省略that的定语从句，修饰“renewable energy”；“a little bit”是程度副词短语，修饰形容词“mind-blowing”；“says mechanical engineer Keith Wipke at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory”为插入语，说明引语的来源及说话人身份。 参考译文 机械工程师基思·威普克在国家可再生能源实验室表示，这场能源转型是全球性的，世界将需要的可再生能源数量之大“令人震惊”。 语言积累 transition n. 转变，变革 global adj. 全球的 amount n. 数量 renewable adj. 可再生的 mind-blowing adj. 令人震惊的，令人难以置信的 mechanical adj. 机械的 engineer n. 工程师 laboratory n. 实验室 a little bit 稍微，有点 renewable energy 可再生能源 四选一阅读B篇 · In my ninth-grade writing class last year, I met a cowboy who saved his town, a strict father who demanded his son earn straight A’s, and a modern-day Juliet who died of heartbreak after her parents rejected the love of her young life.（43词，四选一阅读B篇） 结构精析 本句为主从复合句，主句主干是主谓宾结构“I met...”，其宾语为三个并列的名词短语：“a cowboy...”，“a strict father...”和“a modern-day Juliet...”；每个名词短语后均有由关系代词who引导的限制性定语从句，分别说明三个人物的特征或经历；第三个从句中，“after her parents rejected...”为时间状语从句，修饰主句谓语“died”。 参考译文 在我去年九年级的写作课上，我遇见了三位虚构人物：一位拯救了家乡的牛仔，一位要求儿子全优的严父，以及一位因父母反对而心碎而亡的现代版朱丽叶。 语言积累 ninth-grade adj. 九年级的 cowboy n. 牛仔 strict adj. 严厉的 demand v. 要求 earn v. 获得（成绩、报酬等） modern-day adj. 现代的 heartbreak n. 心碎 reject v. 拒绝 straight A’s 全优成绩 save one’s town 拯救某人的小镇 die of heartbreak 因心碎而死 the love of one’s life 一生的挚爱 · Most of the essays filled less than one page, and few contained a sentence that could be interpreted as a thesis(论点) statement.（22词，四选一阅读B篇） 结构精析 本句由and连接的两个主谓宾结构的并列句构成，其中第二个并列句含有一个由that引导的限制性定语从句“that could be interpreted as a thesis statement”，修饰先行词a sentence，从句中“could be interpreted as...”为被动语态的情态结构。 参考译文 大多数作文不足一页，而且很少有句子能被理解为一个明确的中心论点。 语言积累 essay n. 文章，作文 fill v. 占据，填满 contain v. 包含 sentence n. 句子 interpret v. 理解，解释 thesis n. 论点，论题 statement n. 陈述 be interpreted as... 被解释为…… thesis statement 中心论点句 · They could have written pages on the necessity of computers, but writing, in and of itself, simply didn’t strike them as important.（22词，四选一阅读B篇） 结构精析 本句为but连接的并列句。第一分句“They could have written pages on the necessity of computers”含有“情态动词+完成时态”结构，表示过去本可以做却未做的事情，“on the necessity of computers”为介词短语作write的宾语补足说明；第二分句“writing...didn’t strike them as important”为主谓宾补结构，“in and of itself”为插入性的强调结构，表示“本身”，动名词“writing”作主语，“strike...as...”为固定结构，意为“给……的印象是……”。 参考译文 他们本可以写好几页关于电脑必要性的内容，但写作这件事本身在他们看来根本不重要。 语言积累 necessity n. 必要性 strike v. 使产生印象 could have done （对过去的虚拟）本可以做某事 on the necessity of... 关于……的必要性 in and of itself 本身，从其本质上看 strike sb. as sth. 给某人……的印象 · As a new unit started, I asked everyone to write a persuasive piece on a health-related topic of their choice.（21词，四选一阅读B篇） 结构精析 本句为主从复合句，主句主干为“I asked everyone to ...”，其中“to write...”为不定式短语作ask的宾语补足语；“on a health-related topic...”为介词短语作write的宾语补足说明；“of their choice”为介词短语作后置定语，修饰topic；句首“As a new unit started”为as引导的时间状语从句。 参考译文 随着一个新单元的开始，我让每个人就自己选择的健康相关话题写一篇有说服力的文章。 语言积累 persuasive adj. 有说服力的 piece n. 文章，作品 choice n. 选择 as...started 随着……开始（表时间） ask sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事 health-related adj. 与健康相关的 of one’s choice 某人自己选择的 · For the next two assignments, a personal-narrative unit followed by a creative-writing workshop, I only required that the piece meet the specifications of its genre(体裁) and that it contain a thesis.（31词，四选一阅读B篇） 结构精析 本句为主从复合句，主句主干为主谓宾结构，“I only required that... and that...”为宾语从句的并列结构，动词require后接that引导的两个宾语从句——“that the piece meet the specifications of its genre”为第一个从句，其中meet为虚拟语气（省略了should）；“that it contain a thesis”为第二个宾从，同样使用虚拟语气；句首“For the next two assignments”为介词短语作对象状语，“a personal-narrative unit followed by a creative-writing workshop”为插入语，其中“followed by...”为过去分词短语作补充说明，修饰unit。 参考译文 接下来的两个写作任务中，一个是个人叙事单元，另一个是创意写作工作坊，我只要求作品符合其文体规范，并包含一个中心论点。 语言积累 assignment n. 作业，任务 narrative adj. 叙述的 creative adj. 创造性的 workshop n. 工作坊，写作班 require v. 要求 piece n. 作品 meet v. 符合，满足 specification n. 规范，要求 genre n. 文体，体裁 contain v. 包含 thesis n. 论点 be followed by... 紧接着是…… require that... 要求……（后接虚拟语气） meet the specifications 符合规范 contain a thesis 包含一个中心论点 · The students took on diverse topics and turned in stories, 10 to 20 pages each, with characters that broadened my view and touched my heart.（25词，四选一阅读B篇） 结构精析 本句为简单句，主干为“The students took on... and turned in...”，其中含and并列的两个谓语结构——“took on diverse topics”为第一个谓语结构，“turned in stories...”为第二个谓语结构，且“10 to 20 pages each”为插入语，修饰stories；“with characters that broadened my view and touched my heart”为介词短语作方式状语，“that broadened... and touched...”为关系代词that引导的限制性定语从句，修饰先行词characters，动词broadened和touched并列。 参考译文 学生们选择了各种各样的话题，提交了每篇10到20页的故事，故事中的人物拓宽了我的视野，也打动了我的内心。 语言积累 diverse adj. 多种多样的 character n. 人物 view n. 视野，观点 take on 承担，选择 turn in 提交，上交 broaden one’s view 拓宽某人的视野 touch one’s heart 打动某人的心 · When the final bell rang in June, I walked away with a yearbook full of messages about writing’s most powerful significance—the ability to connect people, to put us in another’s skin, to teach us what it means to be human.（41词，四选一阅读B篇） 结构精析 本句为主从复合句，主句主干“I walked away with a yearbook...”为主谓状结构；“full of messages about writing’s most powerful significance”为形容词短语作后置定语修饰yearbook；破折号后内容是对“significance”的进一步解释说明，即“the ability to...”结构中的三个并列不定式短语——“to connect people”、“to put us in another’s skin”、“to teach us what it means to be human”，其中“what it means to be human”为宾语从句，作teach的宾语；“When the final bell rang in June”为时间状语从句，修饰主句谓语“walked away”。 参考译文 当六月的下课铃响起时，我带着一本留言簿离开了教室，里面满是关于写作最强大意义的信息——连接人心，让我们设身处地，教会我们何为人类。 语言积累 yearbook n. 年鉴，毕业纪念册 significance n. 意义 connect v. 连接 walk away with 带着……离开 be full of 充满…… put sb. in another’s skin 设身处地，感同身受 what it means to be human 做人的意义 四选一阅读C篇 · While safety improvements might have been made to our streets in recent years, transport studies also show declines in pedestrian(行人) mobility, especially among young children.（25词，四选一阅读C篇） 结构精析 本句为主从复合句，主句主干“transport studies also show declines in pedestrian mobility”为主谓宾结构；“While safety improvements might have been made...”为while引导的让步状语从句，介词短语“to our streets”作made的宾语补足说明；“especially among young children”为副词短语作范围状语，补充说明并突出 pedestrian mobility 的下降趋势在“年幼儿童”中尤为明显。 参考译文 尽管近年来对街道的安全性可能有所改善，交通研究仍显示行人出行能力正在下降，尤其是在年幼儿童中。 语言积累 while conj. 虽然 improvement n. 改进 transport n. 交通 decline n. 下降 pedestrian adj. 行人的 mobility n. 移动性，行动能力 might have been done 可能已经被……（情态动词+完成时被动语态） in recent years 近年来 show declines in... 显示……的下降 · Many parents say there’s too much traffic on the roads for their children to walk safely to school, so they pack them into the car instead.（26词，四选一阅读C篇） 结构精析 本句为so连接的并列复合句，主干结构为“Many parents say..., so they pack them...”。第一个分句为主从复合句，“there’s too much traffic on the roads for their children to walk safely to school”为宾语从句作say的宾语，且该从句为there be存在句型，说明道路上交通过于繁忙，句中不定式结构“to walk...”作结果状语，表示交通多到“孩子们无法安全步行上学”；“so they pack them into the car instead”是第二个并列分句，由并列连词so引导，表示因果关系，即因交通问题家长只得用车接送孩子。 参考译文 许多家长表示，路上的交通太多，孩子无法安全步行上学，因此他们只好把孩子塞进车里送去学校。 语言积累 parent n. 家长 pack v. 装入，塞入 there be 存在句型结构 pack sb. into sth. 把某人塞进…… · Describing her alarm at its proposed replacement with an expressway, Jane Jacobs called on her mayor(市长) to champion “New York as a decent place to live, and not just rush through.”（31词，四选一阅读C篇） 结构精析 本句为简单句，主干“Jane Jacobs called on her mayor to champion...”为主谓宾补结构；不定式结构“to champion...”为动词call on的宾语补足语，说明她号召市长去倡导的具体内容，引号内为champion的宾语内容，由“to live”和“not just rush through”两个并列成分构成，其中后者为省略结构（完整形式为not just a place to rush through），表达了Jane Jacobs所倡导的具体理念，强调她希望城市是宜居之地，而不仅仅是交通通道；“Describing her alarm...”为现在分词短语作伴随状语，说明Jane Jacobs做这件事时的心理状态，“at its proposed replacement with an expressway”为介词短语作describe的宾语补足成分，具体说明她的担忧来源。 参考译文 在描述自己对用一条高速公路取而代之的提议所感到的震惊时，简·雅各布斯呼吁市长倡导将纽约作为一个宜居之地，而不仅仅是供人匆匆穿行的城市。 语言积累 describe v. 描述 alarm n. 惊恐，忧虑 propose v. 提议 replacement n. 替代，取代 expressway n. 高速公路 mayor n. 市长 champion v. 倡导，支持 decent adj. 体面宜人的 rush v. 匆匆忙忙地走 describing one’s alarm 描述某人的忧虑 call on sb. to do sth. 呼吁某人做某事 a decent place to live 宜居之地 rush through 匆匆穿行 · Although these campaigns were widespread, the reality is that the majority of the western cities were completely redesigned around the needs of the motor car. （25词，四选一阅读C篇） 结构精析 本句为主从复合句，主句主干“The reality is that...”为主系表结构；“that...”为表语从句，从句主干为“the majority of the western cities were completely redesigned...”，介词短语“around the needs of the motor car”作方式状语，，说明城市重建是围绕汽车的需求而进行的；“Although these campaigns were widespread”为让步状语从句。 参考译文 尽管这些运动很广泛，但现实是，大多数西方城市都完全围绕汽车的需求进行了重新设计。 语言积累 although conj. 虽然 campaign n. 运动，宣传活动 widespread adj. 广泛的 reality n. 现实 majority n. 大多数 completely adv. 完全地 redesign v. 重新设计 need n. 需求 motor car 汽车（尤指旧式说法） the majority of... 大多数…… be redesigned around... 围绕……被重新设 around the needs of... 围绕……的需求 · In Australia we now have over twenty million cars for just over twenty-six million people, among the highest rate of car ownership in the world.（25词，四选一阅读C篇） 结构精析 本句为简单句，主干“we now have over twenty million cars”为主谓宾结构；句首介词短语“In Australia”作地点状语；“for just over twenty-six million people”为介词短语作对象状语，用以说明车辆拥有量对应的人口数量，暗含对比关系；句末介词短语“among the highest rate of car ownership in the world”为独立介词结构，作附加说明，表明这种人车比例在全球范围内处于领先水平，其中 “among”表示在某一类范围中的比较位置。 参考译文 在澳大利亚，我们目前拥有超过两千万辆汽车，相比仅有两千六百多万人口，这一数字是全球汽车拥有率最高的国家之一。 语言积累 rate n. 比率 ownership n. 所有权 among the highest rate of... 属于……中最高的之一 car ownership 汽车拥有率 · Do we really recognise what it costs us as a society when children can’t move safely around our communities?（19词，四选一阅读C篇） 结构精析 本句为复杂句，主句主干“Do we really recognise...?”为一般疑问句，recognise后接宾语从句“what it costs us as a society”，从句中what作costs的宾语，介词短语“as a society”作方式状语，用于限定 us，强调这种代价是以整个社会的身份承担的；“when children can’t move safely around our communities”为时间状语从句，说明这种代价是在儿童无法安全活动时产生的。 参考译文 当孩子们无法在社区中安全行走时，作为一个社会的我们是否真的意识到这会让我们付出怎样的代价？ 语言积累 recognise v. 意识到，认识到 cost v. 使付出（代价） society n. 社会 community n. 社区 what it costs us 它让我们付出什么（代价） 四选一阅读D篇 · Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth—they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas, stuck inside volcanic rocks, filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow.（39词，四选一阅读D篇） 结构精析 本句为破折号连接的并列复合句，前一分句主干“Microplastics have become a common source ...”为主谓宾结构，其中介词短语“of pollution”为作后置定语修饰source、“across the Earth”作地点状语；后一分句由多个现在完成时的并列谓语动词构成，分别是“have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas”、“(have) filled the stomachs of seabirds”，以及“(have) fallen in fresh Antarctic snow”；其中“stuck inside volcanic rocks”为过去分词短语作伴随状语，表示微塑料的状态，另外“even fallen...”用以强调其影响范围的广泛性。 参考译文 微塑料已经成为全球范围内一种常见的污染源——它们已经沉积在深海和喜马拉雅山脉，被卡在火山岩中，填满了海鸟的胃，甚至落入了南极洲新降的雪中。 语言积累 microplastic n. 微塑料 common adj. 常见的 source n. 来源 pollution n. 污染 settle v. 沉积，沉降 Himalayas n. 喜马拉雅山脉 stick v. 卡住，黏附（stick-stuck-stuck） volcanic adj. 火山的 stomach n. 胃 seabird n. 海鸟 fresh adj. 最近的，新鲜的 Antarctic adj. 南极的 a common source of pollution 常见的污染源 across the Earth 遍布全球 settle in 沉积于…… stuck inside... 被卡在……里面 fill the stomachs of... 填满……的胃 fall in snow 落入雪中 fresh Antarctic snow 南极新雪 · Now, new research suggests that a simple, cheap measure may significantly reduce the level of microplastics in water from your tap(水龙头): boiling and filtering(过滤) it.（25词，四选一阅读D篇） 结构精析 本句为主从复合句，主句主干“new research suggests that...”为主谓宾结构；suggests后接由连接代词that引导的宾语从句，从句主干为“a measure may reduce the level of microplastics”，“significantly”为程度副词修饰reduce；“in water from your tap”为介词短语作后置定语修饰“microplastics”，说明微塑料的来源；冒号后的“boiling and filtering it”为并列的动名词结构，作同位语，具体说明前文提到的“measure”所指的措施内容。 参考译文 如今，一项新研究表明，一种简单而廉价的做法或许能显著减少自来水中的微塑料含量：煮沸并过滤水。 语言积累 research n. 研究 suggest v. 表明，建议 measure n. 措施 significantly adv. 显著地 reduce v. 减少 level n. 水平，含量 microplastic n. 微塑料 tap n. 水龙头 boil v. 煮沸 filter v. 过滤 a new research suggests that... 一项新研究表明…… a simple, cheap measure 一种简单廉价的措施 reduce the level of... 降低……的水平/含量 · In a study published Wednesday in Environmental Science & Technology Letters, researchers from China found that boiling tap water for just five minutes—then filtering it after it cools—could remove at least 80 percent of its microplastics.（37词，四选一阅读D篇） 结构精析 本句为复杂句，主句主干“researchers found that...”为主谓宾结构，“from China”为介词短语作后置定语修饰“researchers”，found后接由连接代词that引导的宾语从句“that boiling tap water... could remove...”；从句中“boiling tap water for just five minutes”为动名词短语作主语，“then filtering it after it cools”为并列动名词短语，“after it cools”为时间状语从句，说明过滤操作的时间条件。从句整体结构为“boiling...—then filtering...—could remove...”，第一破折号引入补充步骤，突出操作的完整性，第二破折号标志插入部分结束，恢复主句结构；“In a study published Wednesday in Environmental Science & Technology Letters”为介词短语作地点与时间状语，其中“published Wednesday...”为过去分词短语作后置定语修饰“study”。 参考译文 在中国研究人员本周三发表在《环境科学与技术快报》上的一项研究中发现，只需将自来水煮沸五分钟，然后在冷却后进行过滤，就能去除其中至少80%的微塑料。 语言积累 publish v. 发表 researcher n. 研究人员 boil v. 煮沸 filter v. 过滤 cool v. 冷却 remove v. 移除，去除 microplastic n. 微塑料 published Wednesday 周三发表的 tap water 自来水 · In the study, boiling hard water containing 300 milligrams of calcium carbonate led to an almost 90 percent drop in plastics.（21词，四选一阅读D篇） 结构精析 本句为简单句，主干“boiling hard water... led to...”为主谓宾结构；“boiling hard water”为动名词短语作主语，“containing...”为现在分词作后置定语修饰“hard water”；谓语部分为 “led to”，其宾语为 “an almost 90 percent drop in plastics”，注意“drop”作名词表示“下降”，“in plastics”为介词短语作后置定语修饰“drop”，说明下降发生在微塑料含量上；句首“In the study”为介词短语作地点状语，限定该实验结论产生的语境。 参考译文 在该研究中，对含有300毫克碳酸钙的硬水进行煮沸，导致塑料含量几乎减少了90%。 语言积累 hard adj. 硬的 contain v. 含有 milligram n. 毫克 calcium n. 钙 carbonate n. 碳酸盐 percent n. 百分比 drop n. 下降 plastic n. 塑料 hard water 硬水 lead to 导致 an almost 90 percent drop 几乎90%的下降 · But in samples with less than 60 milligrams of calcium carbonate, boiling reduced the level of plastics by just 25 percent.（21词，四选一阅读D篇） 结构精析 本句为简单句，主干“boiling reduced the level of plastics”为主谓宾结构，动名词“boiling”作主语，“by just 25 percent”为介词短语作程度状语，，修饰动词“reduced”，表示塑料含量下降的幅度；句首连接词“But”表示语义上的转折和对比；“in samples with less than 60 milligrams of calcium carbonate”为介词短语作地点状语，说明实验条件，其中“with less than...”为介词短语作后置定语修饰samples。 参考译文 但在那些碳酸钙含量低于60毫克的样本中，煮沸仅使塑料含量减少了25%。 语言积累 sample n. 样本 milligram n. 毫克 calcium n. 钙 carbonate n. 碳酸盐 plastic n. 塑料 percent n. 百分比 in samples 在样本中 with less than... 含量低于…… · The team focused only on three common types—polystyrene, polyethylene and polypropylene—and they didn’t study other chemicals previously found in water such as vinyl chloride.（26词，四选一阅读D篇） 结构精析 本句为and连接的并列句，由两个独立的主谓宾结构句子组成。第一个分句主干为“The team focused only on three common types”，“polystyrene, polyethylene and polypropylene”为破折号引出的同位语结构，具体说明 “three common types”所指的内容；第一个破折号引入同位语，第二个破折号标志说明结束，句子结构回归主干。第二个分句主干为“they didn’t study other chemicals ...”，“previously found in water”为过去分词短语作后置定语修饰“other chemicals”；“such as vinyl chloride”为介词短语同位语性状语，用来举例说明“other chemicals”。 参考译文 研究团队仅关注三种常见类型——聚苯乙烯、聚乙烯和聚丙烯——并未研究其他此前在水中发现的化学物质，如氯乙烯。 语言积累 focus v. 关注，集中于 chemical n. 化学物质 previously adv. 先前，以前 polystyrene n. 聚苯乙烯 polyethylene n. 聚乙烯 polypropylene n. 聚丙烯 vinyl chloride 氯乙烯 focus on... 关注…… · Still, the findings show a potential path forward for reducing microplastic exposure—a task that’s becoming increasingly difficult.（16词，四选一阅读D篇） 结构精析 本句为简单句，主干“the findings show a potential path forward ...”为主谓宾结构；“for reducing microplastic exposure”为介词短语作后置修饰“path”，说明该路径的用途或目标。破折号引出同位语结构，对“reducing microplastic exposure”作进一步解释说明，“that’s becoming increasingly difficult”为关系代词that引导的限制性定语从句，修饰先行词“task”，其中“is becoming”是be动词+现在分词结构，“increasingly”为程度副词修饰“difficult”；句首“Still”为副词作让步状语，表示“尽管如此”，起到语篇衔接与语气转折的作用。 参考译文 尽管如此，研究结果仍指出了减少微塑料暴露的潜在路径——而这一任务正变得日益困难。 语言积累 still adv. 尽管如此 finding n. 研究结果 potential adj. 潜在的 forward adv. 向前地 microplastic n. 微塑料 exposure n. 暴露 increasingly adv. 日益地 a potential path forward 向前推进的潜在路径 · Even bottled water, scientists found earlier this year, contains 10 to 1,000 times more microplastics than originally thought.（18词，四选一阅读D篇） 结构精析 本句为简单句，主干“Even bottled water contains 10 to 1,000 times more microplastics....”为主谓宾结构，其中副词“Even”用于强调意外性，“than originally thought”为省略结构的比较状语从句，其中than是连词，完整形式应为“… than (it was) originally thought (to contain)”，表示与先前估计相比含量更高。scientists found earlier this year”为插入性主谓结构，位于主语和谓语之间，说明这一发现是由科学家在今年早些时候提出的；语义上起补充说明作用，语法上仍归属主句之中。 参考译文 就连瓶装水，科学家们在今年早些时候发现，其所含的微塑料也比原先认为的多出10到1000倍。 语言积累 bottle v. 把……装入瓶中 contain v. 含有 time n. 倍数 microplastic n. 微塑料 original adj. 原先的 bottled water 瓶装水 · Scientists are still trying to determine how harmful microplastics are—but what they do know has raised concerns.（16词，四选一阅读D篇） 结构精析 本句为由并列连词but连接的并列复合句。第一个分句“Scientists are still trying to determine ...”为主谓宾结构，句中嵌了一个宾语从句“how harmful microplastics are”，其中“how harmful”作从句中的表语，说明 microplastics的危害程度。第二个分句“what they do know has raised concerns”同为主谓宾结构，“what they do know”是由连接代词what引导的主语从句且连接词在从句中作宾语成分。 参考译文 科学家们仍在努力确定微塑料究竟有多大危害——而他们确实掌握的部分信息，已引发了担忧。 语言积累 still adv. 仍然 determine v. 判定 harmful adj. 有害的 microplastic n. 微塑料 raise v. 引发 concern n. 担忧 be trying to do sth. 正在努力做某事 raise concerns 引发担忧 · “The way they demonstrated how microplastics were trapped through the boiling process was nice,” Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay, an environmental engineer at the University of Glasgow in Scotland who was not involved in the research, tells New Scientist.（36词，四选一阅读D篇） 结构精析 本句为复杂句，主句主干“Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay... tells New Scientist”为主谓双宾结构；主语后“an environmental engineer at the University of Glasgow in Scotland who was not involved in the research”为插入语结构，包含一个介词短语“at the University of Glasgow in Scotland”作后置定语以及一个由关系代词who引导的限制性定语从句“who was not involved...”，均是修饰engineer，共同构成身份说明。直接引语部分“they demonstrated how microplastics were trapped through the boiling process ”为tells的直接宾语，该部分主干“The way was nice”为主系表结构；其中the way后为省略了关系代词that的限制性定语从句，该定语从句中又嵌套了一个宾语从句“how microplastics were trapped...”；“through the boiling process”为介词短语作方式状语，修饰动词were trapped。 参考译文 “他们展示微塑料是如何通过煮沸过程被捕获的方式很不错，”卡罗琳·高肖特-林赛说道，她是苏格兰格拉斯哥大学的一名环境工程师，并未参与该项研究。她是在接受《新科学家》采访时表示的。 语言积累 demonstrate v. 展示，演示 microplastic n. 微塑料 trap v. 捕获，困住 process n. 过程 environmental adj. 环境的 engineer n. 工程师 research n. 研究 the way (that)... ……的方式 be trapped through... 通过……被困住 the boiling process 煮沸过程 be involved in 参与…… environmental engineer 环境工程师 七选五阅读 · Catherine Murphy, a cafe worker in a green shirt and black hat, makes sure that each customer gets exactly what they order.（22词，七选五阅读） 结构精析 本句为复杂句，主句主干“Catherine Murphy makes sure that...”为主谓宾结构，主语后接同位语“a cafe worker ...”，说明其身份及穿着；“in a green shirt and black hat”为介词短语作后置定语修饰“worker”，表示穿着。“that each customer gets exactly what they order”为从属连词that引导的宾语从句，其中该从句中还嵌套了一个由连接代词what引导的宾语从句，且连接词在从句中作order的宾语。 参考译文 凯瑟琳·墨菲是一位身穿绿色衬衫、戴黑色帽子的咖啡馆服务员，她会确保每位顾客都能准确收到所点的餐品。 语言积累 customer n. 顾客 exactly adv. 准确地 order v. 点（餐），订购 a cafe worker 咖啡馆服务员 make sure that... 确保…… in+颜色+服装 （描述所穿衣物）身穿何种颜色何种衣服 · Even when the line is getting longer, she doesn’t let it get in the way of her genuine conversations.（19词，七选五阅读） 结构精析 本句为主从复合句，主句主干“she doesn’t let it get in the way of her genuine conversations”为主谓宾补结构，“Even when the line is getting longer”为让步状语从句。 参考译文 即使排队的人越来越多，她也不会让这影响到自己真诚的交流。 语言积累 line n. 队伍 genuine adj. 真诚的 conversation n. 谈话 let sb. do sth. 让某人做某事 get in the way of... 妨碍…… · One thing Murphy may not know is that her smile is contagious(有感染力) and can be the difference in a student having a much better day than they were having before seeing her.（32词，七选五阅读） 结构精析 该句为，主句主干“One thing is that...”为主系表结构，主语后接了一个省略了关系词的限制性定语从句“Murphy may not know”且关系词在从句中作宾语；从属连词that引导表语从句“her smile is contagious and can be the difference in a student having a much better day than they were having before seeing her”，其中“is contagious”和“can be the difference in...”为and连接的并列谓语，“having a much better day”为现在分词短语作后置定语修饰student，“than they were having before seeing her”为连词than引导的比较状语从句。 参考译文 墨菲可能并不知道的一件事是：她的微笑具有感染力，而且可能让某位学生的这一天变得比见她之前好得多。 语言积累 contagious adj. 有感染力的 difference n. 区别，影响 can be the difference in... 对……产生决定性影响 · Joanna Wright, a senior political science major, loves coffee and goes to the cafe at least six days a week.（20词，七选五阅读） 结构精析 本句是一个简单句，句子主干“Joanna Wright loves coffee and goes to the cafe”为主谓宾结构，且含and并列的两个谓语结构“loves coffee”和“goes to the cafe”，“a senior political science major”为名词短语作同位语，解释说明她的身份；“at least six days a week”为介词短语作时间状语。 参考译文 乔安娜·赖特是一名高年级政治学专业学生，她喜欢咖啡，每周至少去六天咖啡馆。 语言积累 senior adj. 高年级的 political adj. 政治的 go to the cafe 去咖啡馆 at least 至少 · “Catherine always has a huge smile on her face, which always puts me in a cheerful mood,” Wright said.（19词，七选五阅读） 结构精析 本句为主从复合句，主句主干“直接引语, Wright said”为主谓宾结构。直接引语部分中的主干“Catherine has a huge smile”为主谓宾结构，“on her face”为介词短语作地点状语，“which always puts me in a cheerful mood”为关系代词which引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面整个句子内容（即Catherine面带微笑），从句说明这个微笑所产生的影响。 参考译文 “凯瑟琳总是面带灿烂的笑容，这总能让我心情愉快。”赖特说道。 语言积累 cheerful adj. 快乐的 mood n. 心情 have a huge smile on one’s face 面带灿烂的笑容 put sb. in a cheerful mood 让某人心情愉快 · One August afternoon, I sat in my kitchen staring at a glass vase that hadn’t seen daylight since my wedding.（19词，七选五阅读） 结构精析 本句为含有多个修饰成分的简单句，主干“I sat in my kitchen”为主谓状结构，句首“One August afternoon”为介词短语作时间状语，“staring at a glass vase”为现在分词短语作伴随状语，“that hadn’t seen daylight since my wedding”为关系代词that引导的限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 a glass vase，其中“hadn’t seen daylight”是拟人化表达；“since my wedding”为介词短语作时间状语。 参考译文 一个八月的午后，我坐在厨房里，凝视着一个自我婚礼以来就未见天日的玻璃花瓶。 语言积累 stare v. 凝视 daylight n. 日光 wedding n. 婚礼 stare at 凝视 a glass vase 玻璃花瓶 完形填空 · My husband and I had just sold our house and we were busy emptying out the beloved home our family had spent 23 years filling up.（26词，完形填空） 结构精析 本句为并列复合句，第一个分句主干“My husband and I had just sold our house”为主谓宾结构。第二个分句主干“we were busy emptying out the beloved home”为主系表结构，其中嵌套一个省略了关系代词that/which的定语从句“our family had spent 23 years filling up”，修饰先行词“the beloved home”。 参考译文 我丈夫和我刚刚卖掉了我们的房子，我们正忙着清空这个我们一家人用二十三年时间填满的心爱家园。 语言积累 empty v. 清空 beloved adj. 心爱的 be busy doing sth. 忙于做某事 empty out 清空 the beloved home 心爱的家 · We had decided on key items for the apartment we were moving to in town, donated what we could, and rented a place to sell our supposedly important objects.（29词，完形填空） 结构精析 本句为简单句，主干“We had decided on key items ..., donated ..., and rented a place”为主谓宾结构，谓语由三个并列动词短语构成；“for the apartment”为介词短语作后置定语修饰items，“we were moving to in town”为省略了关系词的限制性定语从句，修饰先行词apartment；“what we could”为连接代词what引导的宾语从句；“to sell...”为不定式短语作目的状语。 参考译文 我们已经选定了搬进城里新公寓所需的重要物品，捐出了力所能及的东西，还租了个地方出售那些所谓重要的物品。 语言积累 item n. 项目，物品 apartment n. 公寓 donate v. 捐赠 supposedly adv. 据说是，号称是 decide on 选定；决定 key items 重要物品 · That left a house still covered with things that, while not particularly valuable, didn’t belong in a landfill(垃圾填埋场).（18词，完形填空） 结构精析 本句为简单句，主干“That left a house...”为主谓宾结构，“still covered with things”为过去分词短语作宾语补足语，说明房子被留下时所处的状态；“that, ..., didn’t belong in a landfill”为限制性定语从句，修饰先行词“things”，其中，“while not particularly valuable”为插入的让步状语从句，表明这些东西虽然价值不高，但不适宜丢入垃圾填埋场；（从句省略主语和系动词，完整句子为while they were not particularly valuable）。 参考译文 这样一来，房子里还堆满了那些虽然不太值钱，但也不该扔进垃圾填埋场的东西。 语言积累 cover v. 覆盖 particularly adv. 特别地 valuable adj. 有价值的 belong v. 属于 landfill n. 垃圾填埋场 leave a house 留下房子 be covered with 被……覆盖 belong in a landfill 应被丢入垃圾填埋场 · A couple of messages came in, one wanting additional photos, another asking for a price cut.（16词，完形填空） 结构精析 本句为简单句，主干“A couple of messages came in”为主谓结构，“one wanting additional photos”和“another asking for a price cut”为两个并列的现在分词短语作同位语补充说明，用来解释“a couple of messages”指的是什么信息；这两个分词短语省略了主语“message”，语义上与前文的messages呼应。 参考译文 几条消息发了过来，一条想要更多照片，另一条则要求降价。 语言积累 additional adj. 额外的 a couple of 几个 come in （信息等）传来，进来 ask for a price cut 要求降价 · Each exchange provided a chance to remove the landfill and to please another person I might not otherwise have recognized.（20词，完形填空） 结构精析 本句为简单句，主干“Each exchange provided a chance”为主谓宾结构，“to remove the landfill and to please another person”为and并列的两个不定式短语作宾语chance的同位语，具体说明a chance的内容，“I might not otherwise have recognized”为省略了关系代词that/who的限制性定语从句，修饰先行词another person；“might not otherwise have recognized”含有虚拟语气，表示对过去事实的假设。 参考译文 每一次交换都带来了一个机会，不仅可以减少垃圾，还能取悦一个我原本可能不会认识的人。 语言积累 exchange n. 交换 provide v. 提供 remove v. 移除 landfill n. 垃圾填埋物 please v. 使高兴，使满意 recognize v. 认出 each exchange 每一次交换 provide a chance 提供一个机会 remove the landfill 移除垃圾 please another person 取悦另一个人 · I take joy in knowing that, somewhere nearby, someone is delivering something that couldn’t come with us.（17词，完形填空） 结构精析 本句为复杂句，主句主干“I take joy in knowing that...”为主谓宾结构，“in knowing...”为介词短语作方式状语，说明“以知晓某事”为乐；“that, somewhere nearby, someone is delivering something that couldn’t come with us”为宾语从句，主干“someone is delivering something”为主谓宾结构；其中该句中嵌套一个插入语结构“somewhere nearby”修饰整个delivering的动作以及一个由关系代词that引导的限制性定语从句“that couldn’t come with us”修饰先行词something。 参考译文 我很高兴知道，在附近的某个地方，有人正在送出那些无法随我们一同搬走的物品。 语言积累 somewhere adv. 某处 nearby adv. 在附近 deliver v. 递送 take joy in (doing) sth. 从（做）……中获得喜悦 in knowing that... 因知道…… 语法填空 · An exhibition at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwork inspired by Go, or weiqi in Chinese, which originated in China more than 4,000 years ago.（28词，语法填空） 结构精析 本句为主从复合句，主句主干“An exhibition is featuring artwork”为主谓宾结构，“at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai”为介词短语作地点状语，两个介词短语连用，表示展览所在地；“inspired by Go”为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰 artwork，表示“受围棋启发”；“or weiqi in Chinese”为插入语，对 Go 进行解释说明；“which originated in China more than 4,000 years ago”为关系代词which引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词weiqi，说明其起源。 参考译文 上海久事美术馆的一场展览正在展出受围棋启发的艺术作品。围棋在中文中称为“围棋”，起源于四千多年前的中国。 语言积累 exhibition n. 展览 museum n. 博物馆 feature v. 以……为特色；展出 artwork n. 艺术作品 inspire v. 启发 Go n. 围棋 originate v. 起源 originate in 起源于 · The movements of the black and white pieces reflect the basic ideas of Eastern philosophy, according to Tu Ningning, who is in charge of the exhibition.（26词，语法填空） 结构精析 本句为复合句，主句主干“The movements reflect the basic ideas”为主谓宾结构，“of the black and white pieces”为介词短语作后置定语，修饰 movements；“of Eastern philosophy”为介词短语作后置定语，修饰 ideas；“according to Tu Ningning”为介词短语作方式状语，表示信息来源；“who is in charge of the exhibition”为关系代词who引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Tu Ningning，说明其身份。 参考译文 据负责此次展览的涂宁宁介绍，黑白棋子的走法体现了东方哲学的基本思想。 语言积累 movement n. 动作，移动 reflect v. 反映，体现 philosophy n. 哲学 charge n. 负责，管理 exhibition n. 展览 the movements of the black and white pieces 黑白棋子的走法 reflect the basic ideas 体现基本理念 the basic ideas of Eastern philosophy 东方哲学的基本思想 according to prep. 根据 be in charge of 负责…… · We hope to present the rather abstract Go game and AI in a visual context, and initiate dialogues with minimalist art, conceptual art and expressionism.（25词，语法填空） 结构精析 本句为简单句，主干“We hope to present... and initiate...”为主谓宾结构，其中“to present...”和“initiate...”为并列不定式，作动词 hope 的宾语。“the rather abstract Go game and AI”为名词短语作to present的宾语，“in a visual context”为介词短语方式状语；“with minimalist art, conceptual art and expressionism”为介词短语作initiate的方式状语，表示“与之发起对话的对象”。 参考译文 我们希望将相对抽象的围棋和人工智能以视觉形式呈现，并与极简主义艺术、观念艺术和表现主义发起对话。 语言积累 present v. 展现，呈现 abstract adj. 抽象的 context n. 语境，背景 initiate v. 发起 dialogue n. 对话 expressionism n. 表现主义 in a visual context 在视觉语境中 initiate dialogues with... 与……展开对话 minimalist art 极简主义艺术 conceptual art 观念艺术 · “You try to lead the opponent into your trap and force them to follow your ‘guidance’ till they lose,” explains Wang Wei, a Go player among the visitors to the exhibition.（31词，语法填空） 结构精析 本句为复杂句，主句使用了倒装结构（为强调引语内容，使用谓语+主语的倒装结构），主语后“a Go player among the visitors to the exhibition”为名词短语作同位语，说明 Wang Wei 的身份。直接引语内容作explains的宾语，该句为主从复合句，主句主干“You try to lead the opponent into your trap and force them to follow your ‘guidance’”为主谓宾补结构，and并列两个不定式结构“to lead”和“to follow”；“till they lose”为时间状语从句，表示结果。 参考译文 “你会试图把对手引入陷阱，并迫使他们遵循你的‘引导’，直到输掉比赛。”参观展览的围棋选手王炜这样解释道。 语言积累 opponent n. 对手 trap n. 陷阱 force v. 强迫 guidance n. 引导 explain v. 解释 exhibition n. 展览 lead sb. into a trap 引某人入陷阱 force sb. to do sth. 强迫某人做某事 follow one’s guidance 遵从某人的引导 a Go player 一名围棋选手 · A decent winner always tries to beat the opponent by no more than one or two points as a gesture(姿态) of respect for the other side.（26词，语法填空） 结构精析 本句是一个简单句，主干“A decent winner tries to beat the opponent”为主谓宾结构，“by no more than one or two points”、“as a gesture of respect”以及“for the other side”都是介词短语作状语，分别是表示方式（说明取胜的程度）、目的（说明此举是出于尊重）以及对象（说明这一姿态的指向对象）。 参考译文 一个有修养的胜者总是尽量只以一两分的优势取胜，以此表达对对手的尊重。 语言积累 decent adj. 得体的，正派的 beat v. 击败 opponent n. 对手 gesture n. 姿态，表示 respect n. 尊重 side n. 一方，对方 a decent winner 一个有修养的胜者 try to do sth. 尝试做某事 beat the opponent 击败对手 by no more than... 以不超过……的（数量） as a gesture of respect 作为一种尊重的表示 · Tu says that the balance between the black and white pieces, the beauty in the strategic/strategical placement of the pieces, and the energy flow following each move inspired artists to create oil paintings, sculptures, digitally generated pictures and silk-screen prints for the exhibition.（43词，语法填空） 结构精析 本句为复杂句，主句主干“Tu says that...”为主谓宾结构，that引导宾语从句。宾语从句中主干“[A], [B], and [C] inspired artists to create...”为主谓宾补结构，主语为and并列的三个名词短语“the balance between the black and white pieces”、“the beauty in the strategic/strategical placement of the pieces”以及“the energy flow following each move”，“to create oil paintings, sculptures, digitally generated pictures and silk-screen prints”为不定式结构作宾补；“for the exhibition”为介词短语作目的状语。 参考译文 涂宁宁表示，黑白棋子之间的平衡、棋子布局中的策略之美，以及每一步带来的能量流动，激发了艺术家创作油画、雕塑、数字图像和丝网印刷作品，用于此次展览。 语言积累 balance n. 平衡piece n. 棋子；作品beauty n. 美 strategic / strategical adj. 战略的，策略性的 placement n. 布局，放置energy n. 能量flow n. 流动 inspire v. 激发sculpture n. 雕塑generate v. 生成exhibition n. 展览 the black and white pieces 黑白棋子 the energy flow 能量流动 inspire sb. to do sth. 激发某人做某事 digitally generated pictures 数字生成图像 silk-screen prints 丝网印刷画 写作 · My wife and I wanted to share our new home with family and friends by hosting a small gathering in the early summer.（23词，读后续写材料原文） 结构精析 本句为一个简单句，主句主干“My wife and I wanted to share our new home with...”为主谓双宾结构，“by hosting a small gathering in the early summer”为介词短语作方式状语。 参考译文 我和妻子希望通过在初夏举办一场小型聚会，与亲朋好友分享我们的新家。 语言积累 gathering n. 聚会 host a small gathering 举办一个小型聚会 in the early summer 在初夏 · There was just one thing I hadn’t counted on: My brother chose to bring his dog Toby, a 50-pound ball of fire.（22词，读后续写材料原文） 结构精析 本句为主从复合句（这是一个由存在句+冒号引导的同位语结构构成的复合句，不是典型的主从复合句，即不包含从属连词引导的从句结构）。主句主干“There was just one thing”为there be存在句型，“I hadn’t counted on”为省略了关系词的限制性定语从句，修饰先行词“thing”；冒号后的句子“My brother chose to bring his dog Toby...”为同位语从句，对前文提到的“one thing”作具体解释说明；“a 50-pound ball of fire”为“Toby”的进一步同位语，用以形象刻画狗的性格特点（活力十足）。 参考译文 只有一件事是我没预料到的：我哥哥决定带上他的狗托比——一只重达五十磅、精力十足的小家伙。 语言积累 fire n. 火，热情 count on sth. 预料到某事 a 50-pound ball of fire 活力十足的小家伙（比喻用法） · Toby was using up his energy by running back and forth in the backyard and giving the kids plenty of room.（21词，读后续写材料原文） 结构精析 本句为简单句，主干“Toby was using up his energy”为主谓宾结构，“by running ...”为介词短语作方式状语，其中含and并列的两个动名词短语“running back and forth in the backyard”和“giving the kids plenty of room”， 共同解释Toby如何消耗体力。 参考译文 托比正在后院来回奔跑，并给孩子们留出充足的空间，以此来消耗他的精力。 语言积累 energy n. 精力 backyard n. 后院 use up 耗尽，用光 run back and forth 来回奔跑 in the backyard 在后院 give sb. room 给某人留出空间 plenty of 许多的，充足的 · I didn’t want Toby to be running around in the house, and my brother wasn’t happy with driving home with a wet dog.（23词，读后续写材料原文） 结构精析 本句为并列句，由 连词and 连接两个分句。第一个分句主干“I didn’t want Toby to be running around...”为主谓宾补结构，“in the house”为介词短语作地点状语。第二个分句主干“my brother wasn’t happy...”为主系表结构，“with driving home with a wet dog”为介词短语作表语补足语，说明“不开心”的具体内容，表达他不愿意带着一只湿狗回家的情绪。 参考译文 我不希望托比在屋里乱跑，而我哥哥也不愿意开车带着一只湿漉漉的狗回家。 语言积累 wet adj. 湿的 be running around 四处乱跑 · He was facing health issues and his wife of thirty-five years had passed away a few months earlier.（18词，读后续写材料原文） 结构精析 本句为并列句，由连词 and 连接两个分句。第一个分句主干“He was facing health issues”为主谓宾结构。第二个分句主干“his wife of thirty-five years had passed away”为主谓结构，“a few months earlier”为名词短语作时间状语。 参考译文 他当时正面临健康问题，而他结婚三十五年的妻子几个月前刚刚去世。 语言积累 issue n. 问题 be facing sth. 面临某事 health issues 健康问题 pass away 去世 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$