Unit 2 Getting along（知识清单）英语外研版2024八年级上册

Unit 2 Getting along 一、单元词汇 单词 1._____________ /ʃaʊt/ v. 喊叫 2._____________ /ɡeɪt/ n. 大门 3._____________ /sɪns/ prep. 自从...以来 ，自从...以后 4._____________ /nɔː/ conj. 也不 5._____________ /həʊl/ n. 洞 6._____________ /ɡlæd/ adj 高兴的 开心的 7._____________/nɒk/ v .敲门（窗） _________ ___________ 摧毁 ，拆毁 8._____________ /əˈfreɪd/ adj. 害怕的；恐惧的 9._____________ /ˈmesɪdʒ/ n.(电影，书籍，讲话等的）要旨，主题思想，寓意 10._____________ /ˈdʌb(ə)l/ adj 双倍的，两倍的 11._____________ /ˌʌndəˈstændɪŋ/ n.理解 12._____________ /riˈtɜːn/ v. 返回 回来 回去 13._____________ /ˈlaɪvli/ adj.充满活力的 ;生气勃勃的 14._____________ /ðeəz/ pron. 他们的 她们的 15._____________ /ɡreɪd/ n. 年级 16._____________ /ˈɑːtɪk(ə)l/ n. （报刊的）文章 17._____________/ˈpraɪsləs/ adj. 极其贵重的；无价的 18._____________ /ˈɒfə(r)/ v. 提供， 给予 19._____________ /plæn/ v.计划 20._____________ /kwaɪt/ adv 很，较为 21._____________ /strest/ adj 焦虑的，紧张的，无法放松的 22._____________ /ˈriːs(ə)ntli/ adv. 最近 23._____________ /ˌɒnˈlaɪn/ adv. 从网上，在网上 24._____________ /əˈlaʊ/ v. 使有可能，允许 ，容许，准许 25._____________/ˈtɪkɪt/ n.票，入场券 26._____________ /truː/ adj 真正的 27._____________ /rɪˈspekt/ v.尊重，顾及 28._____________/ˈnærəʊ/ adj. 狭窄的 29._____________/leɪn/ n. 巷 30._____________/ˈjuːnɪt/ n. ( 计量用的）单位 31._____________/pəˈhæps/ adv. 大概，可能， 也许 32._____________/ɑːɡjuː/ v. 争论 ，争吵 33._____________/dəˈvaɪd/ v. (把......)分开 34._______ ______ n. 分界线 ；界限 35._____________ /riːtʃ/ v.实现 达成 36._____________ /əˈɡriːmənt/ n.(意见的)一致 ，相合 37._____________/ˈrelətɪv/ n. 家人，亲戚 38._____________/ˈɡʌvənmənt/ n.政府 39._____________/ˈpəʊɪm/ n. 诗 ，韵文 40._____________ /ɪnˈsaɪd/ adv. 在里面 41._____________ /ˈneɪbə/ n. 邻居，邻人 42._____________/ækt/ n.行为， 行动， 动作， 举动 43._____________ /pɑːs/ v. 过去 ；流逝 44._____________ /wɛnˈevə/ conj. 每当 重点短语　 1.         与……相处(融洽) 2.         离开;逃离;躲开 3.         从那时起 4.         一会儿;有一段时间 5.         最终,终于 6.         跳下床 7.         四处飞翔 8.         拆毁,拆除(建筑物或墙) 9.         别怕 10.         导致 11.         赠送 12.         建立社交媒体页面 13.         害怕…… 14.         参加社交活动 15.         人际关系 16.         过山车 17.         发现;查明,弄清(情况) 18.         如果……怎么办 19.         忙于某事 20.         达成协议 21.         就……争论 22.         分界线,界限 23.         放弃 24.         寻求建议 25.         一点儿也不 26.         作为……报酬,作为……回报 27.         把……放在心里,把……记在心上 28.         退一步考虑 ______ ______ _______ 重 点 句 型 1．The Giant ______ ______ _______ for a long time.巨人已经离开了一段时间了。 2．“What are you doing here？”he shouts______ ______ _______ ______ ______ ．“你干什么呢？”他用很生气的声音喊道。 3．Since then, he ______ ______ a child there.自从那时候起，他在那就没有看到过一个孩子了。 4．But in the Giant's garden, it is still winter. ______ ______ no birds ______ flowers. 但是在巨人的花园里，它还是冬天。没有鸟也没有花。 5．Now I know ______ spring ______ ______ here.现在我知道为什么春天不来了。 6．But spring never comes, ______ ______．但是春天永远不来，夏天也不来。 7．And the trees are ______ ______ ______ they ______ ______themselves ______ flowers. 树木也很高兴，它们用鲜花覆盖了自己。 8. It is often difficult for people ______ ______ ______ their______ with others.人们通常很难与他人谈论他们的恐惧。 9. I'm ______ ______my homework but my best friend ______ ______ me!我正忙着写作业，但我最好的朋友一直给我发短信！ 10．______ ______ ______ …？为什么不试试……？ 11．When his reply came, they opened it ______ ______a poem inside. 当他的回信来了，他们打开信，发现里面有一首诗。 12. ______ they walk down the lane, they remember ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ . 每当他们走在小巷里，他们都会想起善良是如何鼓励更多的善良的。 13.没有人是一座孤岛。 14. 草地上到处都是漂亮的花朵,像星星一样散落其中。 15但是春天没有来,夏天也没有。 16秋天给其他每一个花园带来金色的果实。但它没有给巨人的花园任何果实。 17我真是太自私了! 18分享的快乐是双倍的快乐。 19它们通常约两米宽,或者用传统的中国计量单位来说是六尺宽。 20于是,两家之间便形成了一条六尺宽的小巷。 语法 现在完成时态 (2) 语音 1. 辅音 /h/ 二、知识点精讲 知识点1：Remember this and you will go a long way in getting along with people.记住这一点，你就能在与人相处方面走得很远。（教材P19） get along with sb. = get on with sb.与某人相处 ；get along well /badly with 与某人相处的好 / 不好 You may not realize it, but you are doing more than just studying when you are at school. School is also the place where you learn to get along well with people. (2025年黑龙江省绥化市中考英语真题) 你可能没有意识到这一点，但当你在学校的时，你所做的远不止是学习。学校也是你学习如何与他人友好相处的地方。 get along / on with sth.（谈及或问及某人）进展，进步 I’m not getting on very fast with this job.我这个工作进展不太快。 How are you getting along with your English studies?你的英语学习进展如何？ 知识点2： Here and there, over the grass , stand beautiful flowers , like stars .在草地上各处，点缀着美丽的花朵，宛如繁星般闪耀。（教材P 21） here and there 到处 处处 Beautiful flowers stand here and there, over the grass,like stars . stand 矗立 生长 The Giant has been away for a long time. 知识点3：“What are you doing here?” he shouts in a very angry voice.“你们在这儿干什么？”他非常生气地喊道。（教材P21） shout /ʃaʊt/ v.大声说，喊叫，呼喊 shout sth at / to sb - say sth in a loud voice 大声说,斥责 怒骂 Stop shouting and listen . n. 呼喊 喊叫声 a shout of anger 一声怒吼 Give me a shout if you need any help.如果你需要任何帮助，就喊我一声。 in a very angry voice 用生气的声音 voice n. 声音 知识点4：Since then, he hasn’t seen a child there.从那以后，他再也没有在那里见过一个孩子。（教材P21） since /sɪns/ prep. 自从……以来；自从……之后，后接表示过去的时间点，或接一段时间+ ago，句子的谓语动词通常用现在完成时。 She's been off work since Tuesday.星期二以来她一直没上班。she's = she has We've lived here since 1994.自1994年以来我们一直住在这里. He's been working in a bank since leaving school.他中学毕业以后一直在一家银行工作。 since conj引导时间状语从句 ，意为自从(过去某事) 以来，从句谓语动词用一般过去时，主句谓语动词用现在完成时。 Since I was five years old, I have learned embroidery from my mother and sister. 从五岁开始，我就跟妈妈和姐姐学刺绣。 Cath hasn't phoned since she went to Berlin.卡思自从去了柏林以来， 还没有打来过电话。 since then从那以后 Since then, he has read many books about paper-folding and has practiced it in his spare time. 从那以后，他读了很多关于折纸的书籍，并在业余时间练习折纸。(山东枣庄 中考真题） Hundreds of years have passed since then, and the lane is still there.从那时起，几百年过去了，这条小巷依然存在。（教材P29） since +时间点可与for + 时间段进行互换。 I have worked for ten years.= I have worked since ten years ago . conj .意为“因为；既然；由于”, 表示因果关系。引导原因状语从句，常位于句首。语气比because弱,表示人们已知的事实、不需要强调的原因。 Since the weather is nice, we have decided to go for a picnic.因为天气不错，我们决定去野餐。 知识点5：But spring never comes, nor summer.但是春天没有来，夏天也没有。（教材P21） 本句子是省略句，应该是：But spring never comes, nor does summer. 结构：Nor + 助动词 / 情态动词 /系动词 + 主语 。nor也不，常用于列举两个或更多相同性质的否定事物或情况。 She doesn’t like them and nor does Jeff.她不喜欢他们，杰夫也不喜欢。 He wasn't there on Monday. Nor on Tuesday, for that matter.他星期一没在那儿，星期二也一样，也不在。 ---I don’t like math. ---I don’t like math,either . = Nor do I . 我也不喜欢 。 ---I can’t shout . ---Nor can lucy . ---I'm not satisfied with my grade.我对自己的成绩不满意。 ---Nor am I. 短语：neither... nor... / not... nor... 也不 多用来连接两个并列的主语、谓语、宾语、表语等。当连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词要与其邻近的主语在人称和数上保持一致，即“就近原则”。 Neither you nor he is right. 你和他都不对。 We should neither feed the animals nor touch them in the zoo.在动物园里我们既不应该喂动物也不应该触摸它们。 She seemed neither surprised nor worried.她似乎既不惊讶也不担心。 Not a building nor a tree was left standing.没有一栋房屋一棵树仍然站着没倒。 知识点6：And the trees are so glad that they have covered themselves with flowers.树木们开心得浑身都开满了花。（教材P21） (1) so…that…“如此，以至于”。 so + adj./adv.+ that… 如此……以至于…… ; that后的句子表示结果,引导结果状语从句。 He is so young that he can't dress himself. = He is too young to dress himself.他年纪太小了，连自己穿衣服都做不到。 He speaks so fast that I cannot understand him .他说话太快了，我根本听不懂他在说什么。 (2) such…that…如此，以至于 结构:such+a /an+ adj.+可数名词单数+that…或such+adj.+可数名词复数/不可数名词+that … She is such a lovely girl that everyone likes her. = She is so lovely that everyone likes her. They are such interesting books that I want to read them again. It is such fine weather that we decide to go out for a walk. 练习： 1.Eric has practiced kung fu ________ he moved to China three years ago. (盲填) 2.The storybook is so interesting ________ I want to read it again.(盲填) so that以便…… ；为了……引导目的状语从句，只能用于句中。 She speaks very slowly so that everyone can follow her.她说话很慢，以便让每个人都能跟上她的节奏。 so that有两个含义：一是“以便，为了”，其后的句子表示目的；二是“所以”，其后的句子表示结果。 He also told Tom not to eat too many sweet things so that his teeth would be healthy.他还告诉汤姆不要吃太多甜食，这样他的牙齿才会健康。（表示目的） I hurried so that I got there on time.我行动迅速，因此我按时到达了那里。（表示结果） 知识点7：Fear not, little ones. 别害怕，小朋友们/ 孩子们。 倒装句，表达鼓励或者安慰。 正常语序：Do not fear, little ones.这种not 至于动词之后，较正式或书面表达的表达。 知识点8 ：Anger leads to unhappiness.愤怒导致不幸。（教材P22） lead to通向；导致= result in lead -led - led to为介词，后可接名词、代词或动词-ing形式作宾语。 All roads lead to Rome. 条条大路通罗马。 Eating too much sugar can lead to health problems.食用过多的糖会引起健康问题。 知识点9：The children return, and the garden is lively again. 孩子们回来了，花园又活跃起来了。（教材P22） return /rɪˈtɜ:n/ v. 返回，回来，回去= go /come back return to +地点名词 /return+地点副词 意为“返回某地”。 In return, they decided to do the same thing.作为回报，他们决定做同样的事情。（教材P29） When they returned , Uncle Jason told me they saved a family’s pet and put out the fire . (2025 辽宁中考） The 15 wild Asian elephants finally returned to their habitat (栖息地) after touring for 17 months in Yunnan Province. （2024年西藏中考英语真题） 意为“归还”。 return sth. to sb.相当于give sth. back to sb.,意为“把某物还给某人”。 I’m going to return this book to Tom.=I’m going to give this book back to Tom.我要把这本书还给汤姆。 Library fines are carried out when people don’t return books on time. ( 2024内蒙古包头中考） 当人们未能按时归还书籍时，就会产生图书馆罚款. in return作为回报；作为回应 in return for sth 作为（对…的）回报 Can I buy you lunch in return for your help?感谢你帮忙，我请你吃午饭好吗？ 知识点10：Sharing has allowed/shown/taught me...分享允许/展示/教会了我……（教材P24） allow /əˈlaʊ/ v.允许，容许，准许 allow sb to do sth 允许某人做某事 His parents won't allow him to stay out late.他的父母不会允许他在外待得很晚。 be allowed to do 被允许做某事 He is not allowed to stay out late.他不可以在外待到很晚。 allow doing sth允许做某事 We do not allow smoking in the hall.我们不准有人在大厅内吸烟。 知识点11：Examples include a fear of heights and a fear of attending social events.例子包括恐高和害怕参加社交活动。 （教材P25） attend /əˈtend/ v.参加，出席，到场 辨析：attend, take part in, join与join in attend “出席；参加”，为正式用语，指参加会议、婚礼、葬礼、典礼等。 take part in 指参加某个会议或某项群众性的活动等，重在说明参加该项活动并在其中发挥一定的作用。 join 指加入某党派、团体、组织、俱乐部等并成为其中的一员。表示短暂性的动作，不与表示一段时间的状语连用。 join in 一般指参加竞赛、娱乐、游戏等活动，其后一般接名词或动词-ing形式。 知识点12：However, an uncertain tone might show doubt.然而，不确定的语气可能表示怀疑。（教材P26） uncertain adj.不确定的，无把握的 - certain adj.确定的，有把握的 adj在句中常作表语。同义词为unsure。be uncertain about/of...对……没有把握 I was uncertain about/of what to do next.我拿不定主意接下来要做什么。 知识点13：What if they never...again?要是他们再也不……怎么办呢？（教材P27） What if...？要是……会怎么样呢？用于提出假设性问题或表达担忧、建议等。 What if the train is late?火车要是晚点会怎么样呢？ What if we moved the sofa over here? Would that look better?我们把沙发挪到这边怎么样？那样看起来会 好些吗？ 知识点14：Offering comfort给予安慰（教材P27） comfort /ˈkʌmfət/ n.安慰u.- comfortable adj 使人舒服的；舒适的 -comfortably adv舒服地；舒适地；安逸地 give/bring/provide/offer comfort给予安慰 The good news gave him some comfort.这个好消息给了他些许安慰。 u. 舒适；舒服 I dress for comfort, not fashion.我穿衣服只讲舒服，不追求时髦。 vt + n 安慰，抚慰 The letter from home comforted him.收到家书使他感到安慰。 It comforted her to feel his arms around her.感受到他的拥抱使她得到安慰。 知识点15：Whenever they walk down the lane, they remember how kindness encourages more kindness.每当他们走在小巷里，他们都会记得善良是如何鼓励更多的善良的。（教材P29） conj.引导时间状语从句，相当于every time。 Whenever I see the photo, it reminds me of the happy days we spent together.每当我看到这张照片，它就使我 想起我们一起度过的快乐时光。（滨州中考） conj.无论何时 引导让步状语从句，相当于no matter when。 Whenever you need me, I will always be there.无论何时你需要我，我都会一直在那里。 Help whenever and wherever you can.无论何时何地，尽你所能提供帮助。 whatever/wherever/whenever无论什么/无论哪里/无论何时 引导让步状语从句 however（=no matter how）无论何时 whoever（=no matter who）无论谁 whatever（=no matter what）无论什么 wherever（=no matter where）无论在哪里 whichever（=no matter which）无论哪个 知识点16：Two local families, the Zhangs and the Wus, argued over the dividing line between their houses.当 地的两户人家，张家和吴家，因为房子的分界线发生了争吵。（教材P28） argue /ˈɑ:ɡju:/ v.争论，争吵 vi. - argument n. 争吵 c/ u 短语：argue with sb.与某人争论/争吵 argue about/over sth.因某事而争论/争吵 Don’t argue with the driver when taking a bus.乘坐公共汽车时不要和司机争吵。 They were arguing about/over the matter again.他们又在为这件事争吵。 We never had an angry argument with each other.我们之间从未有过激烈的争吵。（枣庄中考改编） divide /dəˈvaɪd/ v.（把……）分开vt & vi divide...into...把……分成…… be divided into...被分成…… The traditional Chinese calendar divides the year into 24 solar terms.中国传统历法将一年分为24个节气。 The book is divided into six sections.本书分为六部分。 Here, the river divides into three channels.从这里开始,这条河分为三条河道。 知识点17：They couldn’t reach an agreement.他们无法达成一致意见。（教材P28） agreement /əˈɡri:mənt/ n.协议；（意见的）一致，相合 u.（意见的）一致，相合 be in agreement（意见或看法）一致 Mr Zhang nodded in agreement.张老师点了点头表示同意。 Are we in agreement about the price?对这个价格我们是否意见一致？ c. 协议，协定reach/come to an agreement达成协议 After a two-hour discussion, they finally came to an agreement.经过两个小时的讨论，他们终于达成了协议。 （福建中考） 短文填空 用 agree 的适当形式填空 Last Saturday, my friends and I wanted to have a trip. "Let’s go to the lake!" I said. Most of them ______ quickly. But Lily had a different idea. She wanted to visit the zoo. We talked for five minutes. Finally, we reached an ______ – we’d go to the lake in the morning and the zoo in the afternoon. Lily ______ with this plan, too. In the end, everyone was happy. This small ______ made our trip great! 知识点18：The people of Tongcheng still keep the poem in mind.桐城人民的心中仍牢记着这首诗。（教材P29） keep...in mind把……放在心里，把……记在心上 = bear...in mind。 keep in mind that...记住…… It’s a good idea — I’ll keep / bear it in mind.这是个好主意——我会放在心上的。 We’re supposed to keep in mind that it is important to tell the truth.我们应该记住说真话是很重要的。（河南中考） 三、语法点清单 1. 现在完成时可以表达某一行为或状态从过去某时间一直持续到现在。 知识点1 for和since在现在完成时中的应用 (1)在表示行为或状态从过去一直持续到现在时,通常要与表示一段时间的时间状语连用,这类状语通常由for或since引导。for后接一段时间,如for five years;而since后多接时间点,如since January 2020。 They have had the cat since they got married. 他们自结婚以来就一直养着这只猫。 They have been married for twenty years. 他们已经结婚二十年了。 　　“since+时间点”和“for+时间段”常作现在完成时的标志。两者之间常可以进行同义转换。 Chen Xiao has dreamed of being a biologist since eight years ago. =Chen Xiao has dreamed of being a biologist for eight years.陈笑八年前就梦想成为一名生物学家。 (2)对现在完成时的时间状语进行提问时,常用how long。 How long have you been like this? 你这个样子有多久了? How long have you played tennis? 你打网球打了多长时间了? 知识点2 ： 非延续性动词与延续性动词之间的转换 (1)在现在完成时的句子中,表示持续的动作或状态时,常用延续性动词与表示时间段的时间状语连用。 It has rained for three hours.雨已经下了三个小时了。 (2)与表示一段时间的时间状语连用时,应将非延续性动词转换为延续性动词或表示状态的短语等。 xxx He has died for two years .XXX =He has been dead for two years . I borrowed this magazine three months ago. 我三个月前借了这本杂志。 →I have kept this magazine for three months.这本杂志我已经借来三个月了。 (3) 常见的非延续性动词转换为延续性动词的情况: ① 用与其意义相对应的“be+形容词/副词/介词/名词等”结构。 非延续性动词 结构 非延续性动词 结构 leave fall ill begin/start marry / get married join get up die go to bed open stop /end /finish close come fall asleep go turn off Turn on I joined the club two years ago. 我两年前加入的这个俱乐部。 →I have been in /a member of the club for two years. 我加入这个俱乐部两年了。 ②用与其意义相对应的延续性动词。 非延续性动词 延续性动词 buy borrow put on catch a cold I bought this pop-up book about the Palace Museum one week ago. 我一周前买了这本关于故宫博物院的立体书。 →I have had this pop-up book about the Palace Museum for one week. 我买来这本关于故宫博物院的立体书已经一周了。 have been to ； have gone to ；have been in have been to 去过某地,现在已经回来。 have gone to 去某地了,现在仍然在某地或在途中。 have been in 表示“在某地待了多长时间”,可以和时间段搭配。 I have been to Nanjing twice.我去过南京两次了。 My father isn’t at home. He has gone to London. 我爸爸不在家。他去伦敦了。 They have been in the village for five days. 他们在那个村庄待了五天了。 【典例】 一、1.—Where is Lucy? I haven’t seen her for many days. —She 　　    Italy. She 　　    Italy for a week. A.has been to; has been in B.has gone to; has been in C.has gone to; has been toD.has been in; has gone to 二、 同义句转换 1．Cathy’s parents got married twenty-five years ago. Cathy’s parents ________ ________ married for twenty-five years. 2.Tom borrowed the book two weeks ago. Tom ________ ________ the book for two weeks. 3.Lily borrowed the book The Adventures of Tom Sawyer two weeks ago. (保持句意不变) Lily has __________ ___________ the book The Adventures of Tom Sawyer _________ two weeks. 4.The movie Sniper （《狙击手》）began ten minutes ago. The movie Sniper （《狙击手》）has ___________ __________ for ten minutes. 5.I joined the club a week ago. I _________ _________ ________ the club ________ a week. 4、 语音清单 辅音： hat how hand has husband heavy huge whole whose who 五、写作清单 1. 话题分析 本单元话题属于“人与社会”范畴下“社会服务与人际沟通”这一主题群，涉及子主题“良好的人际关系与人际交往”。人际沟通，主要有以下命题角度： 1.如何与他人相处 ，针对朋友，家人沟通方面的难题和烦恼提出合理的意见和建议。 2.讲述一个关于人际交往的故事。 2. 写作典例 与人相处是一门艺术。我们在日常与人相处的过程中经常会发生一些问题，造成很多不愉快，请以“Keeping good relationships”为题，写出一篇短文。 写作要点: 1.谈谈与人相处遇到的问题 (至少2点) 2.提出至少三条建议 参考词汇: temper牌气；positive积极的；calm冷静的；disagreement分歧；selfish自私的；communicate沟通；solution解决 要求： 1.词数80-100左右 (短文开头已给出，不计入总词数)； 2.要点齐全，可适当发挥； 3.条理清晰，语句通顺，意义连贯，书写规范； 4.文中不得出现真实的校名和姓名。 Keeping good relationships can sometimes be difficult. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【详解】 题材：本文是一篇材料作文； 时态：时态为“一般现在时”； 提示：写作要点已给出，考生应注意不要遗漏“信息提示”中保持良好关系的介绍要点，适当添加细节，并突出写作重点。 3. 写作思路 既覆盖题目要求的所有要点，又遵循“提出问题 — 解决问题 — 总结升华” 的逻辑，同时预留了适当发挥的空间（如可补充 “自私导致冲突” 等其他问题，或 “换位思考” 等建议）。 4. 写作步骤 1）. 引入: 表明写作意图，借用“简单介绍保持良好关系”来引出重点介绍的内容； 2）. 正文: 具体阐述写作内容，从“与人相处遇到的问题和与人相处的建议”两个方面重点介绍保持良好关系的具体情况； 3）. 结尾: 书写结语，我们在日常生活中要好好与人相处，享受快乐人际关系。 5. 范例作文 Keeping good relationships can sometimes be difficult. Here is some advice about how you can deal with these problems in a positive way. Don’t lose your temper. Disagreements can happen when there are different points of view. When faced with a disagreement, we often find ourselves getting angry and shouting at each other. This is not a good way to deal with the situation. Listen to others. Make sure to listen carefully to the other person and try to understand what he or she is saying. Then, give your own opinion clearly and calmly. Talk to your teachers and friends. They can help you find a solution. We should get along well with others and enjoy happy relationships in daily life. 6. 实战演练 假设你是李华，英语老师布置了一篇作文，主题是“How to Get Along Well with Classmates”。请根据以下要点，写一篇英语短文。 1. 认真倾听同学的想法和意见，不嘲笑他人的观点； 2. 当同学在学习或生活中遇到困难时，主动提供帮助； 3. 学会分享，比如与同学分享自己的快乐、有趣的故事等； 4. 积极参与班级活动，在活动中增强与同学之间的友谊； 5. 遇到麻烦时，保持冷静，通过沟通解决问题。 要求： (1) 词数80-100，已经给出的部分不计入总词数； (2) 短文必须包括所有要点，可以适当发挥，使其连贯、通顺； (3) 文中不得出现真实人名、校名和地名等相关信息。 参考词汇：增强 deepen How to Get Along Well with Classmates Getting along well with classmates is important for a happy school life. Here is some advice. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 2 Getting along 一、单元词汇 单词 1.shout /ʃaʊt/ v. 喊叫 2.gate /ɡeɪt/ n. 大门 3.since /sɪns/ prep. 自从...以来 ，自从...以后 4.nor /nɔː/ conj. 也不 5.hole /həʊl/ n. 洞 6.glad /ɡlæd/ adj 高兴的 开心的 7.knock /nɒk/ v .敲门（窗） knock down 摧毁 ，拆毁 8.afraid /əˈfreɪd/ adj. 害怕的；恐惧的 9.message /ˈmesɪdʒ/ n.(电影，书籍，讲话等的）要旨，主题思想，寓意 10.double /ˈdʌb(ə)l/ adj 双倍的，两倍的 11.understanding /ˌʌndəˈstændɪŋ/ n.理解 12.return /riˈtɜːn/ v. 返回 回来 回去 13.lively /ˈlaɪvli/ adj. 充满活力的 生气勃勃的 14.theirs /ðeəz/ pron. 他们的 她们的 15.grade /ɡreɪd/ n. 年级 16.article /ˈɑːtɪk(ə)l/ n. （报刊的）文章 17.priceless /ˈpraɪsləs/ adj. 极其贵重的；无价的 18.offer /ˈɒfə(r)/ v. 提供， 给予 19.plan /plæn/ v.计划 20.quite /kwaɪt/ adv 很，较为 21.stressed /strest/ adj 焦虑的，紧张的，无法放松的 22.recently /ˈriːs(ə)ntli/ adv. 最近 23.online /ˌɒnˈlaɪn/ adv 从网上，在网上 24.allow /əˈlaʊ/ v. 使有可能，允许 ，容许，准许 25.ticket /ˈtɪkɪt/ n.票，入场券 26.true /truː/ adj 真正的 27.respect /rɪˈspekt/ v.尊重，顾及 28.narrow /ˈnærəʊ/ adj. 狭窄的 29.lane /leɪn/ n. 巷 30.unit /ˈjuːnɪt/ n. ( 计量用的）单位 31.perhaps /pəˈhæps/ adv. 大概，可能， 也许 32.argue /ɑːɡjuː/ v. 争论 ，争吵 33.divide /dəˈvaɪd/ v. (把......)分开 34.dividing line n. 分界线 ；界限 35.reach /riːtʃ/ v.实现 达成 36.agreement /əˈɡriːmənt/ n. （意见的） 一致 ，相合 37.relative /ˈrelətɪv/ n. 家人，亲戚 38.government /ˈɡʌvənmənt/ n.政府 39.poem /ˈpəʊɪm/ n. 诗 ，韵文 40.inside /ɪnˈsaɪd/ adv. 在里面 41.neighbour /ˈneɪbə/ n. 邻居，邻人 42.act /ækt/ n.行为， 行动， 动作， 举动 43.pass /pɑːs/ v. 过去 ；流逝 44.whenever /wɛnˈevə/ conj. 每当 重点短语　 1.与……相处(融洽) get on well with 2.离开;逃离;躲开 here and there 3.从那时起 since then 4.一会儿;有一段时间 for a whike 5.最终,终于 at last 6.跳下床 jump out of bed 7.四处飞翔 fly about 8.拆毁,拆除(建筑物或墙) knock down 9.别怕 fear not 10.导致lead to 11.赠送 give away 12.建立社交媒体页面 set up social media pages 13.害怕…… a fear of…　 14.参加社交活动 attend social events 15.人际关系 personal relationships 16.过山车 roller coaster 17.发现;查明,弄清(情况) find out 18.如果……怎么办 　what if　 19.忙于某事 be busy with sth 20.达成协议 reach an agreement　 21.就……争论 argue over 22.分界线,界限 dividing line　　 23.放弃 give up 24.寻求建议 ask for advice 25.一点儿也不 not… at all　 26.作为……报酬,作为……回报 in return 27.把……放在心里,把……记在心上 keep… in mind 28.退一步考虑 step back 重点句型 1．The Giant has been away for a long time.巨人已经离开了一段时间了。 2．“What are you doing here？”he shouts in a very angry voice ．“你干什么呢？”他用很生气的声音喊道。 3．Since then, he hasn't seen a child there.自从那时候起，他在那就没有看到过一个孩子了。 4．But in the Giant's garden, it is still winter. There are no birds or flowers. 但是在巨人的花园里，它还是冬天。没有鸟也没有花。 5．Now I know why spring wouldn't come here.现在我知道为什么春天不来了。 6．But spring never comes, nor summer ．但是春天永远不来，夏天也不来。 7．And the trees are so glad that they have covered themselves with flowers. 树木也很高兴，它们用鲜花覆盖了自己。 8．It is often difficult for people to talk about their fears with others.人们通常很难与他人谈论他们的恐惧。 9．I'm busy with my homework but my best friend keeps texting me!我正忙着写作业，但我最好的朋友一直给我发短信！ 10．Why not try…？为什么不试试……？ 11．When his reply came, they opened it to find a poem inside. 当他的回信来了，他们打开信，发现里面有一首诗。 12．Whenever they walk down the lane, they remember how kindness encourages more kindness. 每当他们走在小巷里，他们都会想起善良是如何鼓励更多的善良的。 13.没有人是一座孤岛。 No one is an island. 14.草地上到处都是漂亮的花朵,像星星一样散落其中。 Here and there, over the grass, stand beautiful flowers, like stars. 15但是春天没有来,夏天也没有。 But spring never comes, nor summer. 16秋天给其他每一个花园带来金色的果实。但它没有给巨人的花园任何果实。 Autumn gives golden fruit to every other garden. But it gives none to the Giant's garden. 17我真是太自私了! How selfish I've been! 18分享的快乐是双倍的快乐。Shared joy is a double joy. 19它们通常约两米宽,或者用传统的中国计量单位来说是六尺宽。 They are usually about two metres wide, or six chi in traditional Chinese units. 20于是,两家之间便形成了一条六尺宽的小巷。 And so came the six-chi-wide lane between the two houses. 语法 现在完成时态 (2) 语音 1. 辅音 /h/ 二、知识点精讲 知识点1：Remember this and you will go a long way in getting along with people.记住这一点，你就能在与人相处方面走得很远。（教材P19） get along with sb. = get on with sb.与某人相处 ；get along well /badly with 与某人相处的好 / 不好 You may not realize it, but you are doing more than just studying when you are at school. School is also the place where you learn to get along well with people. (2025年黑龙江省绥化市中考英语真题) 你可能没有意识到这一点，但当你在学校的时，你所做的远不止是学习。学校也是你学习如何与他人友好相处的地方。 get along / on with sth.（谈及或问及某人）进展，进步 I’m not getting on very fast with this job.我这个工作进展不太快。 How are you getting along with your English studies?你的英语学习进展如何？ 知识点2： Here and there, over the grass , stand beautiful flowers , like stars .在草地上各处，点缀着美丽的花朵，宛如繁星般闪耀。（教材P 21） here and there 到处 处处 Beautiful flowers stand here and there, over the grass,like stars . stand 矗立 生长 The Giant has been away for a long time. 知识点3：“What are you doing here?” he shouts in a very angry voice.“你们在这儿干什么？”他非常生气地喊道。（教材P21） shout /ʃaʊt/ v.大声说，喊叫，呼喊 shout sth at / to sb - say sth in a loud voice 大声说,斥责 怒骂 Stop shouting and listen . n. 呼喊 喊叫声 a shout of anger 一声怒吼 Give me a shout if you need any help.如果你需要任何帮助，就喊我一声。 in a very angry voice 用生气的声音 voice n. 声音 知识点4：Since then, he hasn’t seen a child there.从那以后，他再也没有在那里见过一个孩子。（教材P21） since /sɪns/ prep. 自从……以来；自从……之后，后接表示过去的时间点，或接一段时间+ ago，句子的谓语动词通常用现在完成时。 She's been off work since Tuesday.星期二以来她一直没上班。she's = she has We've lived here since 1994.自1994年以来我们一直住在这里. He's been working in a bank since leaving school.他中学毕业以后一直在一家银行工作。 since conj引导时间状语从句 ，意为自从(过去某事) 以来，从句谓语动词用一般过去时，主句谓语动词用现在完成时。 Since I was five years old, I have learned embroidery from my mother and sister. 从五岁开始，我就跟妈妈和姐姐学刺绣。 Cath hasn't phoned since she went to Berlin.卡思自从去了柏林以来， 还没有打来过电话。 since then从那以后 Since then, he has read many books about paper-folding and has practiced it in his spare time. 从那以后，他读了很多关于折纸的书籍，并在业余时间练习折纸。(山东枣庄 中考真题） Hundreds of years have passed since then, and the lane is still there.从那时起，几百年过去了，这条小巷依然存在。（教材P29） since +时间点可与for + 时间段进行互换。 I have worked for ten years.= I have worked since ten years ago . conj .意为“因为；既然；由于”, 表示因果关系。引导原因状语从句，常位于句首。语气比because弱,表示人们已知的事实、不需要强调的原因。 Since the weather is nice, we have decided to go for a picnic.因为天气不错，我们决定去野餐。 知识点5：But spring never comes, nor summer.但是春天没有来，夏天也没有。（教材P21） 本句子是省略句，应该是：But spring never comes, nor does summer. 结构：Nor + 助动词 / 情态动词 /系动词 + 主语 。nor也不，常用于列举两个或更多相同性质的否定事物或情况。 She doesn’t like them and nor does Jeff.她不喜欢他们，杰夫也不喜欢。 He wasn't there on Monday. Nor on Tuesday, for that matter.他星期一没在那儿，星期二也一样，也不在。 ---I don’t like math. ---I don’t like math,either . = Nor do I . 我也不喜欢 。 ---I can’t shout . ---Nor can lucy . ---I'm not satisfied with my grade.我对自己的成绩不满意。 ---Nor am I. 短语：neither... nor... / not... nor... 也不 多用来连接两个并列的主语、谓语、宾语、表语等。当连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词要与其邻近的主语在人称和数上保持一致，即“就近原则”。 Neither you nor he is right. 你和他都不对。 We should neither feed the animals nor touch them in the zoo.在动物园里我们既不应该喂动物也不应该触摸它们。 She seemed neither surprised nor worried.她似乎既不惊讶也不担心。 Not a building nor a tree was left standing.没有一栋房屋一棵树仍然站着没倒。 知识点6：And the trees are so glad that they have covered themselves with flowers.树木们开心得浑身都开满了花。（教材P21） (1) so…that…“如此，以至于”。 so + adj./adv.+ that… 如此……以至于…… ; that后的句子表示结果,引导结果状语从句。 He is so young that he can't dress himself. = He is too young to dress himself.他年纪太小了，连自己穿衣服都做不到。 He speaks so fast that I cannot understand him .他说话太快了，我根本听不懂他在说什么。 (2) such…that…如此，以至于 结构:such+a /an+ adj.+可数名词单数+that…或such+adj.+可数名词复数/不可数名词+that … She is such a lovely girl that everyone likes her. = She is so lovely that everyone likes her. They are such interesting books that I want to read them again. It is such fine weather that we decide to go out for a walk. 练习： 1.Eric has practiced kung fu ________ he moved to China three years ago. (盲填) 2.The storybook is so interesting ________ I want to read it again.(盲填) 【答案】1 since 2 that so that以便…… ；为了……引导目的状语从句，只能用于句中。 She speaks very slowly so that everyone can follow her.她说话很慢，以便让每个人都能跟上她的节奏。 so that有两个含义：一是“以便，为了”，其后的句子表示目的；二是“所以”，其后的句子表示结果。 He also told Tom not to eat too many sweet things so that his teeth would be healthy.他还告诉汤姆不要吃太多甜食，这样他的牙齿才会健康。（表示目的） I hurried so that I got there on time.我行动迅速，因此我按时到达了那里。（表示结果） 知识点7：Fear not, little ones. 别害怕，小朋友们/ 孩子们。 倒装句，表达鼓励或者安慰。 正常语序：Do not fear, little ones.这种not 至于动词之后，较正式或书面表达的表达。 知识点8：Anger leads to unhappiness.愤怒导致不幸。（教材P22） lead to通向；导致= result in lead -led - led to为介词，后可接名词、代词或动词-ing形式作宾语。 All roads lead to Rome. 条条大路通罗马。 Eating too much sugar can lead to health problems.食用过多的糖会引起健康问题。 知识点9：The children return, and the garden is lively again. 孩子们回来了，花园又活跃起来了。（教材P22） return /rɪˈtɜ:n/ v. 返回，回来，回去= go /come back return to +地点名词 /return+地点副词 意为“返回某地”。 In return, they decided to do the same thing.作为回报，他们决定做同样的事情。（教材P29） When they returned , Uncle Jason told me they saved a family’s pet and put out the fire . (2025 辽宁中考） The 15 wild Asian elephants finally returned to their habitat (栖息地) after touring for 17 months in Yunnan Province. （2024年西藏中考英语真题） 意为“归还”。 return sth. to sb.相当于give sth. back to sb.,意为“把某物还给某人”。 I’m going to return this book to Tom.=I’m going to give this book back to Tom.我要把这本书还给汤姆。 Library fines are carried out when people don’t return books on time. ( 2024内蒙古包头中考） 当人们未能按时归还书籍时，就会产生图书馆罚款. in return作为回报；作为回应 in return for sth 作为（对…的）回报 Can I buy you lunch in return for your help?感谢你帮忙，我请你吃午饭好吗？ 知识点10：Sharing has allowed/shown/taught me...分享允许/展示/教会了我……（教材P24） allow /əˈlaʊ/ v.允许，容许，准许 allow sb to do sth 允许某人做某事 His parents won't allow him to stay out late.他的父母不会允许他在外待得很晚。 be allowed to do 被允许做某事 He is not allowed to stay out late.他不可以在外待到很晚。 allow doing sth允许做某事 We do not allow smoking in the hall.我们不准有人在大厅内吸烟。 知识点11：Examples include a fear of heights and a fear of attending social events.例子包括恐高和害怕参加社交活动。 （教材P25） attend /əˈtend/ v.参加，出席，到场 辨析：attend, take part in, join与join in attend “出席；参加”，为正式用语，指参加会议、婚礼、葬礼、典礼等。 take part in 指参加某个会议或某项群众性的活动等，重在说明参加该项活动并在其中发挥一定的作用。 join 指加入某党派、团体、组织、俱乐部等并成为其中的一员。表示短暂性的动作，不与表示一段时间的状语连用。 join in 一般指参加竞赛、娱乐、游戏等活动，其后一般接名词或动词-ing形式。 知识点12：However, an uncertain tone might show doubt.然而，不确定的语气可能表示怀疑。（教材P26） uncertain adj.不确定的，无把握的 - certain adj.确定的，有把握的 adj在句中常作表语。同义词为unsure。be uncertain about/of...对……没有把握 I was uncertain about/of what to do next.我拿不定主意接下来要做什么。 知识点13：What if they never...again?要是他们再也不……怎么办呢？（教材P27） What if...？要是……会怎么样呢？用于提出假设性问题或表达担忧、建议等。 What if the train is late?火车要是晚点会怎么样呢？ What if we moved the sofa over here? Would that look better?我们把沙发挪到这边怎么样？那样看起来会 好些吗？ 知识点14：Offering comfort给予安慰（教材P27） comfort /ˈkʌmfət/ n.安慰u.- comfortable adj 使人舒服的；舒适的 -comfortably adv舒服地；舒适地；安逸地 give/bring/provide/offer comfort给予安慰 The good news gave him some comfort.这个好消息给了他些许安慰。 u. 舒适；舒服 I dress for comfort, not fashion.我穿衣服只讲舒服，不追求时髦。 vt + n 安慰，抚慰 The letter from home comforted him.收到家书使他感到安慰。 It comforted her to feel his arms around her.感受到他的拥抱使她得到安慰。 知识点15：Whenever they walk down the lane, they remember how kindness encourages more kindness.每当他们走在小巷里，他们都会记得善良是如何鼓励更多的善良的。（教材P29） conj.引导时间状语从句，相当于every time。 Whenever I see the photo, it reminds me of the happy days we spent together.每当我看到这张照片，它就使我 想起我们一起度过的快乐时光。（滨州中考） conj.无论何时 引导让步状语从句，相当于no matter when。 Whenever you need me, I will always be there.无论何时你需要我我都会一直在那里。 Help whenever and wherever you can.无论何时何地，尽你所能提供帮助。 whatever/wherever/whenever无论什么/无论哪里/无论何时 引导让步状语从句 however（=no matter how）无论何时 whoever（=no matter who）无论谁 whatever（=no matter what）无论什么 wherever（=no matter where）无论在哪里 whichever（=no matter which）无论哪个 知识点16：Two local families, the Zhangs and the Wus, argued over the dividing line between their houses.当 地的两户人家，张家和吴家，因为房子的分界线发生了争吵。（教材P28） argue /ˈɑ:ɡju:/ v.争论，争吵 vi. - argument n. 争吵 c/ u 短语：argue with sb.与某人争论/争吵 argue about/over sth.因某事而争论/争吵 Don’t argue with the driver when taking a bus.乘坐公共汽车时不要和司机争吵。 They were arguing about/over the matter again.他们又在为这件事争吵。 We never had an angry argument with each other.我们之间从未有过激烈的争吵。（枣庄中考改编） divide /dəˈvaɪd/ v.（把……）分开vt & vi divide...into...把……分成…… be divided into...被分成…… The traditional Chinese calendar divides the year into 24 solar terms.中国传统历法将一年分为24个节气。 The book is divided into six sections.本书分为六部分。 Here, the river divides into three channels.从这里开始,这条河分为三条河道。 知识点17：They couldn’t reach an agreement.他们无法达成一致意见。（教材P28） agreement /əˈɡri:mənt/ n.协议；（意见的）一致，相合 u.（意见的）一致，相合 be in agreement（意见或看法）一致 Mr Zhang nodded in agreement.张老师点了点头表示同意。 Are we in agreement about the price?对这个价格我们是否意见一致？ c. 协议，协定reach/come to an agreement达成协议 After a two-hour discussion, they finally came to an agreement.经过两个小时的讨论，他们终于达成了协议。 （福建中考） 短文填空 用 agree 的适当形式填空 Last Saturday, my friends and I wanted to have a trip. "Let’s go to the lake!" I said. Most of them ______ quickly. But Lily had a different idea. She wanted to visit the zoo. We talked for five minutes. Finally, we reached an ______ – we’d go to the lake in the morning and the zoo in the afternoon. Lily ______ with this plan, too. In the end, everyone was happy. This small ______ made our trip great! 【答案】 agreed agreement agreed agreement 【解析】 1agreed。 语境：描述上周六发生的事，用一般过去时，动词 agree 的过去式是 agreed。 句意：“他们大多数人很快就同意了。” 2 agreement。 语法：空前有不定冠词 “an”，需要填名词形式。agree 的名词是 agreement（“同意；共识”）。 固定搭配：“reach an agreement” 表示 “达成共识”，是常用短语。 3 agreed。 语境：依然描述过去的动作，用一般过去时。 固定搭配：“agree with...” 表示 “同意（某人的观点 / 计划）”，符合句意 “莉莉也同意这个计划”。 4 agreement。 语法：空前有形容词 “small”，需要填名词。 句意：“这个小小的约定让我们的旅行很棒”，用 agreement 表示 “约定；共识”，贴合语境。 上周六，我和朋友们想去旅行。“我们去湖边吧！” 我说。他们大多数人很快就同意了。但莉莉有不同的想法，她想去动物园。 我们聊了五分钟，最后达成了一个共识—— 上午去湖边，下午去动物园。莉莉也同意了这个计划。 最后大家都很开心。这个小小的约定让我们的旅行特别棒！ 知识点18：The people of Tongcheng still keep the poem in mind.桐城人民的心中仍牢记着这首诗。（教材P29） keep...in mind把……放在心里，把……记在心上 = bear...in mind。 keep in mind that...记住…… It’s a good idea — I’ll keep / bear it in mind.这是个好主意——我会放在心上的。 We’re supposed to keep in mind that it is important to tell the truth.我们应该记住说真话是很重要的。（河南中考） 三、语法点清单 1. 现在完成时可以表达某一行为或状态从过去某时间一直持续到现在。 知识点1 for和since在现在完成时中的应用 (1)在表示行为或状态从过去一直持续到现在时,通常要与表示一段时间的时间状语连用,这类状语通常由for或since引导。for后接一段时间,如for five years;而since后多接时间点,如since January 2020。 They have had the cat since they got married. 他们自结婚以来就一直养着这只猫。 They have been married for twenty years. 他们已经结婚二十年了。 　　“since+时间点”和“for+时间段”常作现在完成时的标志。两者之间常可以进行同义转换。 Chen Xiao has dreamed of being a biologist since eight years ago. =Chen Xiao has dreamed of being a biologist for eight years.陈笑八年前就梦想成为一名生物学家。 (2)对现在完成时的时间状语进行提问时,常用how long。 How long have you been like this? 你这个样子有多久了? How long have you played tennis? 你打网球打了多长时间了? 知识点2 ： 非延续性动词与延续性动词之间的转换 (1)在现在完成时的句子中,表示持续的动作或状态时,常用延续性动词与表示时间段的时间状语连用。 It has rained for three hours.雨已经下了三个小时了。 (2)与表示一段时间的时间状语连用时,应将非延续性动词转换为延续性动词或表示状态的短语等。 xxx He has died for two years .XXX =He has been dead for two years . I borrowed this magazine three months ago. 我三个月前借了这本杂志。 →I have kept this magazine for three months.这本杂志我已经借来三个月了。 (3) 常见的非延续性动词转换为延续性动词的情况: ① 用与其意义相对应的“be+形容词/副词/介词/名词等”结构。 非延续性动词 结构 非延续性动词 结构 leave be away fall ill be ill begin/start be on marry / get married be married join be in/a member (of) get up be up die be dead go to bed be in bed open be open stop /end /finish Be over close be closed come be here fall asleep be asleep go be there turn off be off Turn on Be on I joined the club two years ago. 我两年前加入的这个俱乐部。 →I have been in /a member of the club for two years. 我加入这个俱乐部两年了。 ②用与其意义相对应的延续性动词。 非延续性动词 延续性动词 buy have borrow keep put on wear catch a cold have a cold I bought this pop-up book about the Palace Museum one week ago. 我一周前买了这本关于故宫博物院的立体书。 →I have had this pop-up book about the Palace Museum for one week. 我买来这本关于故宫博物院的立体书已经一周了。 have been to ； have gone to ；have been in have been to 去过某地,现在已经回来。 have gone to 去某地了,现在仍然在某地或在途中。 have been in 表示“在某地待了多长时间”,可以和时间段搭配。 I have been to Nanjing twice.我去过南京两次了。 My father isn’t at home. He has gone to London. 我爸爸不在家。他去伦敦了。 They have been in the village for five days. 他们在那个村庄待了五天了。 【典例】 一、1.—Where is Lucy? I haven’t seen her for many days. —She 　　    Italy. She 　　    Italy for a week. A.has been to; has been in B.has gone to; has been in C.has gone to; has been toD.has been in; has gone to 【解析】根据题干中的“露西在哪里?我很多天没有见到她了”可推断,答语的含义是“她去意大利了, 她在意大利待了一周了”,表示“去某地,现在仍在某地”要用have gone to,先排除选项A和D;表示“在某地待了多长时间”要用have been in,故答案为B。 二、 同义句转换 1．Cathy’s parents got married twenty-five years ago. Cathy’s parents ________ ________ married for twenty-five years. 2.Tom borrowed the book two weeks ago. Tom ________ ________ the book for two weeks. 3.Lily borrowed the book The Adventures of Tom Sawyer two weeks ago. (保持句意不变) Lily has __________ ___________ the book The Adventures of Tom Sawyer _________ two weeks. 4.The movie Sniper （《狙击手》）began ten minutes ago. The movie Sniper （《狙击手》）has ___________ __________ for ten minutes. 5.I joined the club a week ago. I _________ _________ ________ the club ________ a week. 【答案】1 have been 2 . has kept 3. kept for 4. been on 5.have been in for 4、 语音清单 辅音：hat how hand has husband heavy huge whole whose who 五、写作清单 1. 话题分析 本单元话题属于“人与社会”范畴下“社会服务与人际沟通”这一主题群，涉及子主题“良好的人际关系与人际交往”。人际沟通，主要有以下命题角度： 1.如何与他人相处 ，针对朋友，家人沟通方面的难题和烦恼提出合理的意见和建议。 2.讲述一个关于人际交往的故事。 2. 写作典例 与人相处是一门艺术。我们在日常与人相处的过程中经常会发生一些问题，造成很多不愉快，请以“Keeping good relationships”为题，写出一篇短文。 写作要点: 1.谈谈与人相处遇到的问题 (至少2点) 2.提出至少三条建议 参考词汇: temper牌气；positive积极的；calm冷静的；disagreement分歧；selfish自私的；communicate沟通；solution解决 要求： 1.词数80-100左右 (短文开头已给出，不计入总词数)； 2.要点齐全，可适当发挥； 3.条理清晰，语句通顺，意义连贯，书写规范； 4.文中不得出现真实的校名和姓名。 Keeping good relationships can sometimes be difficult. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【详解】 题材：本文是一篇材料作文； 时态：时态为“一般现在时”； 提示：写作要点已给出，考生应注意不要遗漏“信息提示”中保持良好关系的介绍要点，适当添加细节，并突出写作重点。 3. 写作思路 既覆盖题目要求的所有要点，又遵循“提出问题 — 解决问题 — 总结升华” 的逻辑，同时预留了适当发挥的空间（如可补充 “自私导致冲突” 等其他问题，或 “换位思考” 等建议）。 4. 写作步骤 1）. 引入: 表明写作意图，借用“简单介绍保持良好关系”来引出重点介绍的内容； 2）. 正文: 具体阐述写作内容，从“与人相处遇到的问题和与人相处的建议”两个方面重点介绍保持良好关系的具体情况； 3）. 结尾: 书写结语，我们在日常生活中要好好与人相处，享受快乐人际关系。 5. 范例作文 Keeping good relationships can sometimes be difficult. Here is some advice about how you can deal with these problems in a positive way. Don’t lose your temper. Disagreements can happen when there are different points of view. When faced with a disagreement, we often find ourselves getting angry and shouting at each other. This is not a good way to deal with the situation. Listen to others. Make sure to listen carefully to the other person and try to understand what he or she is saying. Then, give your own opinion clearly and calmly. Talk to your teachers and friends. They can help you find a solution. We should get along well with others and enjoy happy relationships in daily life. 6. 实战演练 假设你是李华，英语老师布置了一篇作文，主题是“How to Get Along Well with Classmates”。请根据以下要点，写一篇英语短文。 1. 认真倾听同学的想法和意见，不嘲笑他人的观点； 2. 当同学在学习或生活中遇到困难时，主动提供帮助； 3. 学会分享，比如与同学分享自己的快乐、有趣的故事等； 4. 积极参与班级活动，在活动中增强与同学之间的友谊； 5. 遇到麻烦时，保持冷静，通过沟通解决问题。 要求： (1) 词数80-100，已经给出的部分不计入总词数； (2) 短文必须包括所有要点，可以适当发挥，使其连贯、通顺； (3) 文中不得出现真实人名、校名和地名等相关信息。 参考词汇：增强 deepen How to Get Along Well with Classmates Getting along well with classmates is important for a happy school life. Here is some advice. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 例文 How to Get Along Well with Classmates Getting along well with classmates is important for a happy school life. Here is some advice. Firstly, always listen carefully to classmates’ ideas and never laugh at their opinions. Respect makes everyone feel valued. Secondly, offer help actively when others face difficulties in study or life. For example, you can explain math problems to those who need it. Thirdly, learn to share happiness and interesting stories with classmates. Sharing creates trust. Besides, joining class activities like sports games is a good way to deepen friendships. Finally, if you have disagreements, stay calm and solve problems through communication instead of arguing. By following these steps, you’ll build strong relationships with classmates. 【详解】[总体分析] ①题材：本文是一篇材料作文； ②时态：一般现在时； ③提示：写作要点已给出，考生注意不要遗漏要点，并适当添加细节，突出重点。 [写作步骤] 第一步，介绍如何与同学相处的具体方法； 第二步，书写结语。 [亮点词汇] ①laugh at嘲笑 ②stay calm保持冷静 ③instead of而不是 [高分句型] ①Secondly, offer help actively when others face difficulties in study or life. (when引导的时间状语从句) ②Finally, if you have disagreements, stay calm and solve problems through communication instead of arguing. (if引导的条件状语从句) 1 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$