08 语法填空(连词)-2025年高一暑假作业（语法填空）

08语法填空(连词)——2025年高一暑假作业 一. 定语从句 1. 定语从句含义：在复合句中修饰某名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。 (1) 先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。 (2) 关系词：引导定语从句的连词叫关系词。关系词分关系代词和关系副词。 2. 关系代词引导的定语从句 (1) who，whom，that这些词代替的先行词是表示人的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，其中whom只能作宾语。 (2) which，that所代替的先行词是表示事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。 (3) whose用来指人或物，在定语从句中只作定语。 3. 关系副词引导的定语从句 (1) 关系副词when，where，why的先行词是表示时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。 需要特别注意：a. 当先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词，如：point，situation，case，stage等，如果引导词在从句中作状语，常用关系副词where引导定语从句；如果不作状语，则用关系代词that/which。b. 先行词为occasions，当“时机”讲时，用关系副词when；当“场合”讲时，用关系副词where。 (2) the way后面的定语从句的关系词。 在定语从句中，the way是一个比较特殊的先行词，当它在从句中充当方式状语时，其后的关系词可以是in which，that或省略；但是当它在从句中充当主语、宾语成分时，其后的关系词就用that或which。 4. 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句：限制性定语从句放在先行词后面，起修饰、限制作用，翻译成汉语时，译为一个句子；非限制性定语从句的先行词与定语从句用逗号隔开，起补充、说明作用，翻译成汉语时，译为两个句子。that不能引导非限制性定语从句。 5. “介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 (1) “介词＋关系代词”中的关系代词只有whom(指人)，which(指物) 和whose三个。 (2) “复合介词短语＋关系代词”引导的定语从句常与先行词用逗号分开，定语从句常用倒装语序。 (3) “of＋which/whom”表示所属关系。(表所属关系也可用whose) 6. as引导的定语从句 (1) as引导的限制性定语从句，常用于下列结构：such...as...；so...as...；the same...as...；as...as...。特别注意：the same...as...表示同类，但不同物；the same...that...表示同一个。 (2) as引导的非限制性定语从句，既可在主句前，又可在主句后，有时还可插入主句中，而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能置于主句之后。as引导的非限制性定语从句，常用于下列结构：as we know/as is known to all(总所周知)；as we all can see(正如我们都看到的)；as has been said above(正如上面所说的)；as is often the case(就像平常一样)；as is reported(正如被报道的)；as is said(据说)等。 7. 定语从句中的主谓一致 (1)关系代词作从句的主语时，从句中谓语动词的人称和数要与先行词保持一致，先行词是句子时，从句的谓语动词用单数形式。如：（2022年的新高考卷I语法填空） The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that ___58___ (be) previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority ____59___ (increase) effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management. (2)“one of+复数名词”位于关系代词前作先行词时，关系代词在从句中作主语，从句的动词通常用复数，但当one前有the, the only, the very等修饰时，从句的谓语动词要用单数。 8. 只用that引导定语从句 （1） 先行词是all，something，anything，everything，nothing等不定代词时。例如：Finally，the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.（最后，小偷把他偷的所有东西都交给了警察。） （2） 先行词被all，any，no，every，few，little，many，much等不定代词修饰时。例如：I have finished reading all the books that I borrowed from the library. （我己经看完了所有从图书馆借来的书。） （3） 先行词被序数词修饰或先行词本身是序数词时。例如：The first English book that I read was “The Prince and the Pauper”by Mark Twain.（我读的第一本英文书是马克·吐温的《王子与乞丐》。） （4） 先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。例如：This is the most beautiful park that I have ever visited.（这是我参观过的最美丽的公园。） （5） 先行词中既有人又有物时。例如：He talked about the teachers and school that he visited.（他谈到了他参观过的老师和学校。） （6） the way作先行词，且在定语从句中作状语时，用that/in which或省略关系词。例如：This is the way that my father did this work.（这是我父亲做这件工作的方法。） （7） 先行词被the only，the very，the last修饰时。例如：He is the very man that helped the girl out of the water.（他就是那个把女孩从水里救出来的人。） （8） 关系代词作表语时。例如：He is not the man that he used to be.（他不再是过去的那个人了。） （9） 当主语是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时，为避免重复用that。例如：Who is the person that is standing at the gate?（站在门口的那个人是谁?） 9. 只用which引导定语从句 （1） 先行词指物，定语从句是非限制性定语从句时。例如：The problem，which was discussed yesterday，has been solved.（昨天讨论的那个问题已经解决了。） （2） 关系代词作介词的宾语，且介词在关系代词前面时。例如：She’s got a part-time job for which she earns 2,000 yuan a month.（她找到了一份每月能挣2000元的兼职工作。） （3） 前面整个句子作先行词时，后面的非限制性定语从句由which引导。（which代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念）。例如：The boy lost his new bike，which made him upset.（这个男孩丢了他的新自行车，这使他很心烦。） 【专项训练】 1. Do you know the boy ____ is standing there? 2. Can you tell me the office _____he works? 3. This is the scientist _____ achivements are well-known. 4. The noodles _____ I cooked were delicious. 5. This is Mr. White, _____ I think has something iteresting to tell you. 6. His interest started a few years ago, _____ he has in college and studying wildlife science. 7. As a child, Jack studied in a village school, _____ is named after his grandfather. 8. All the neighbors admired this family, _____ the parents are treating their child like afriend. 二. 名词性从句 名词性从句是高考的热点，对于名词性从句要求掌握主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句的基本用法。 1. 名词性从句的连接词 (1)连接词that，whether和if I. 这三个连词在句中只起连接作用，不作句子成分，that本身无意义，有时可省略，whether和if本身有意义，均不能省略。that和whether可以连接所有的名词性从句，而if引导名词性从句时只能引导宾语从句或不在句首的主语从句。 II. whether与if的用法比较 二者均可作“是否”讲，都可以引导名词性从句，引导宾语从句时可以互换。 在下列情况下，常用whether，不用if：a. whether引导从句可以放于句首。b. whether可引导表语从句和同位语从句，if不可。c. whether可以作介词宾语，if则不可。d. whether后可以加不定式，if不可。e. 可以用whether...or引导让步状语从句，意为“无论，不论”，if则不可。 (2)连接代词 引导名词性从句的连接代词有：who，whom，whose，what，which，whatever，whichever，whoever。连接代词在句中既起连接作用，同时又充当主语、宾语、定语、表语等成分。 (3)连接副词 引导名词性从句的连接副词有：when，where，how，why。连接副词在句中既是连接词，又作状语。 2. 主语从句 (1)主语从句在复合句中充当主语，大多数主语从句都可以用it作形式主语而把主语从句置于句尾。 (2)that引导主语从句时可用it作形式主语，that不可省；what引导的主语从句表示“……的东西”时，一般不用it作形式主语；whatever，whoever，whichever一般也不用it作形式主语。 I. It＋系动词＋形容词(necessary，right，likely，unlikely，wrong，important，certain，clear，obvious，strange，normal等)＋that从句 II. It＋be＋名词(短语)(a pity，a shame，good news，a fact，an honour，a wonder，no wonder等)＋that从句 III. It＋be＋过去分词(said，told，heard，reported，decided，suggested，advised，ordered，remembered，thought，considered，well­known，announced等)＋that从句 IV. It＋特殊动词(seem，appear，happen，matter)＋that从句 注意：a. 在“It is necessary，important，strange，natural＋that从句”结构中，从句常用“(should)＋动词原形”形式。 b. 在“It＋be＋suggested，advised，ordered，requested，insisted，required＋that从句”结构中，that从句应用“(should)＋动词原形”。 3. 宾语从句 在句中起宾语作用的从句称为宾语从句。宾语从句可分为三类：动词的宾语从句、介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。 (1)动词的宾语从句 I. 大多数动词(hope，tell，say，know，think，consider，imagine，hear，expect，suppose，guess等)可以带宾语从句。 注意：在think，believe，suppose，expect等动词引导的宾语从句中，有时谓语尽管是否定意义，却不用否定形式，而将think等动词变为否定形式，这一现象称为否定前移。 II. 动词find，feel，think，consider，make，believe等后有宾语补足语时，则需要it作形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置。 III. 有些动词带宾语从句时习惯上需要在宾语从句前加it。这类动词(词组)有hate，enjoy，like，love，dislike，see to等。 (2)一般情况下介词后只能用wh­类连接词引导宾语从句。 注意：a. where引导的从句有时也可用作介词的宾语。 b. that引导的从句作介词的宾语是很少有的，只有在except，in，but等介词后偶尔可能用到。 (3)sure，certain，glad，pleased，happy，surprised等表示“情感”的形容词后也可带宾语从句。 4. 表语从句 在句中作表语的从句称为表语从句。共分三类： (1)主句的主语是idea，advice，suggestion，order，request，requirement等名词时，表语从句的谓语应用虚拟语气，即“(should)＋动词原形”的形式。 (2)主语为名词reason时，表语从句中的连接词要用that，而不用why或because。 (3)because，as if，as though，as，like等连接词也可引导表语从句。 5. 同位语从句 同位语从句是用以解释说明某一名词内容和实质的从句。 (1)能接同位语从句的名词有：belief，fact，hope，idea，doubt，news，conclusion，suggestion，problem，order，answer，decision，explanation，information，thought等。 (2)同位语从句一般用that引导，但也可以用连接代词(what，which，who)、连接副词(when，where，why，how)或whether引导。 (3)有时同位语从句不紧跟在它所说明的某个名词后，而是被别的词隔开。 6. 名词性从句的几个难点 (1)that通常不可省略的四种情况： I. 引导主语从句，that置于句首时不可省略。 II. 当一个句子有两个或多个并列的宾语从句时，引导第二个和以后几个从句的that不可省略。 III. 在由it作形式宾语，that引导的宾语从句中，that也不可省略。 IV. 引导表语从句和同位语从句时，that也不可省略。 (2)what与that的区别： what在从句中充当一定成分并且具有特定含义“……的人(地方、东西)等”；that只起引导作用，在主语从句中不充当任何成分并且也没有含义。 【专项训练1】 1. 主语从句引导词： It’s strange _____ it hasn’t been noticed before. _____ will win the next game is still unknown. _____ he was describing was not his own experience but another’s. _____ of us gets home first starts cooking. 2. 宾语从句引导词： She reported _____ she had seen to the police. I wonder _____ you could help me. We asked _____ the money was. You can eat _____ you like. 3. 表语从句引导词： It seems _____ there are people from all over the world living here. He is not _____ he was a few years ago. The question is _____ we can do the work better. It sounds _____ if you are from the south of the United States. The question is _____ we should trust. 4. 同位语从句引导词 There was little hope _____ they would survive. I got the impression _____ you are unhappy. 【专项训练2】 1. _____ some people regard as a disadvantage is seen as an advantage by many others. 2. _____ the famous singer didn’t appear at the airport yesterday made his fans very disappointed. 3. It is said _____ there has been an earthquake in Japan. 4. _____ it will do us harm is not clear. 5. Do you know _____ broke the window? 6. When asked _____ they needed most, the kids said they wanted to be loved. 7. You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is _____ I disagree. 8. The news _____ he had landed on the moon spread all over the world. 9. The boy dived into water and after _____ seemed to be a long time, he came up again. 10. What we need _____(be) knowledge. What we need _____(be) many books. 三. 状语从句 在主从复合句中修饰主句中的动词、形容词、副词等的从句叫作状语从句。时间状语从句的主句如果是一般将来时（一般现在时、祈使句、含情态动词），则从句用一般现在时，特别注意主语是单数第三人称的时候；如果主句是一般过去时态，则从句也用相应的过去时态。 状语从句基本考点： 1. 时间状语从句 (1) when 引导时间状语从句，意为“当……时”，表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时或先后发生。常考的句型： ①be about to do…when=be on the point of doing…when… 正要做…这时突然...... 例如：I was about to go out when it began to rain.（我正要出去，这时候天突然开始下雨。） ②be doing…when…正在做…这时突然...... 例如：I was doing my homework when someone knocked at the door.（我正在做作业，这时有人敲门。） ③had just done …when 刚做完…这时突然...... 例如：I had arrived home when the phone rang.（我刚到家，电话就响了。） (2) while引导时间状语从句，意为“与……同时，在……期间”，从句常用延续性动词或状态动词。 (3) as引导时间状语从句，意为“正当；一边……一边……；随着”等意思，表示两个动作同时发生。 (4) as soon as，immediately，directly，instantly，the moment，the minute，the instant，the second，以上这些从属连词引导的时间状语从句都表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即就发生，常译为“一……就……”。 注意：no sooner...than...，hardly/scarcely/barely...when...的时态搭配：no sooner与hardly/scarcely/barely后的句子谓语动词应用过去完成时，而than与when引导的句子谓语动词应用一般过去时。此外，当把no sooner和hardly/scarcely/barely提到句首时，应用倒装语序。 (5)since“自从……以来”，引导时间状语从句。常用句型：It is (has been) /was＋一段时间＋since(从句用一般过去时/过去完成时) (6)before“在……之前；还未……就……；还没来得及……就……”引导时间状语从句。如：He fell off his bike before I got up.(我来不及站起来，他就从他的自行车上摔了下来。) 常用句型：It will be＋一段时间＋before...“多久之后才……”。 (7)until/till 若主句为肯定句，谓语用延续性动词，意为“直到……为止”；若主句为否定句时，谓语用非延续性动词，即not……until/till，意为“直到……才”。 (8) 一些含有time的名词短语，如every time，each time，next time，by the time，the first time，the last time等，也可引导一个时间状语从句。例如： The last time I saw him, he was playing by the river.(我最后一次看见他时，他正在河边玩。) 2. 条件状语从句 (1)通常由if“如果”， unless“如果不；除非”，as (so) long as“只要”，in case (that) “结果，万一”，once“一旦”，when“既然”等连词引导。 (2)由on condition (that)，provided (that)，providing (that) “倘若；假使”， supposing (that)，in case“如果”等引导条件状语从句。 (3)条件状语从句的主句如果是一般将来时（一般现在时、祈使句、含情态动词），则从句用一般现在时，特别注意主语是单数第三人称的时候。例如：Once you see him, you will never forget him.（一旦你见到他，你就永远不会忘记他。） 3. 地点状语从句 (1)通常由连词where和wherever引导，从句可位于主句之前，也可位于主句之后。 (2) where引导的状语从句和定语从句的区别。 where引导地点状语从句直接修饰动词，而在定语从句中where作为关系副词要跟在表示地点的先行词后面。如：状语从句 Put your coat where it was.(把大衣放在以前它在的地方。) ；定语从句 This is the hospital where my father once worked.(这就是我父亲曾经工作过的医院。) 3. 原因状语从句 原因状语从句通常由because，since，as，now that，seeing (that)，considering that等引导。 4. 方式状语从句 方式状语从句用来表示主句谓语动作发生的方式，常由as“像……一样”， as if (though) “似乎，好像”等引导。 5. 目的状语从句 引导目的状语从句的连词主要有in order that，so that，for fear that “害怕，担心发生某事”， in case “以免，以防”等。从句中常用may，might，can，could，should等情态动词。 6. 结果状语从句 引导词：so...that...“如此......以致于......”，其中so修饰形容词或副词；such...that...“如此......以致于......”，其中such修饰的中心词是名词。特别注意：so+表示数量的词（many/much/few/little）+名词，其中little的意思是“少的”。例如：Ann is such a good teacher that everyone admires her.（安是一位好老师，每个人都钦佩她。）；There are so many people in the hall that it's hard for me to find him.（大厅里有那么多人，我很难找到他。） 7. 比较状语从句 引导词：as...as.../not as（so）...as.../than。例如：　The busier he is, the happier he feels.（他越忙越高兴。） 8. 让步状语从句 引导词： (1)though/although/while 例如：Though/Although she is very pretty,she is not clever.（虽然她很漂亮，但是她不聪明。） (2)as 连词as作“尽管”讲时，从句用部分倒装，这时候的as也可以用though来代替。例如：Young as he is，he often helps his mother with housework.（他虽然年轻，却经常帮妈妈做家务。） (3)even if/even though“即使” 例如：Even if he had the money， he wouldn’t buy it.（即使他有钱，他也不会买。） (4)however；wh - ever；no matter who（what，when，...）例如：Whatever ( = No matter what ) you say, I’ll never change my mind.（不管你说什么，我都不会改变主意。） (5)whether...or...“无论......还是......” 例如：Whether he passes or fails, this is his last chance.（不管他通过还是失败，这是他最后的机会。） 【专项训练】 1. ______ you think it over, please let me know what you decide. 2. I met Mary _____ I was walking along the street. 3. Tom was playing computer games _____ his mother found him. 4. We talked ______ we walked along. 四. 并列连词 1. 常用的并列连词有and，but和or，通常连接的是两个完整的句子，解题关键要看两个句子之间的关系。基本考点：（1）顺接关系用and；（2）转折关系用but；（3）选择关系用or。并列连词也可以连接两个或两个以上同类的内容，包括单词、短语等。例如：It is a small but valuable box.（它是一个小但有价值的盒子。）or除了表示选择关系之外，还可以表示“否则”，以及否定句中的“和”。例如：Hurry up, or you will miss the first bus.（快点，否则你将错过第一班公共汽车。） 2. 并列连词的固定搭配：whether...or...“无论……，还是……”；whether...or not“是……或者不是”；not...but...“不是……而是……”；both...and...“两个都……”；not only...but also...“不但……而且”(其中only也可用just/merely替代，also也可以省略)；neither...nor...“既不……也不……”；either...or...“要么……要么……”。 【专项训练】 1. She felt cold, tired _____ thirsty. 2. Tonight they will both sing _____ dance. 3. He hoped that joining the Houston Rockets was a new start _____ a new challenge. 4. Both his mother _____ his father will be there. 5. He lied to the court not just once, _____ on several occasions. 6. They wanted to charge $5000 for the car, ______ we managed to bring the price down. 7. Shall we go out to the cinema _____ stay at home? 8. Well, I think she’s either Russian ______ polish. 9. They worked neither for fame ______ for personal gain. 10. You may go ______ stay , according as you decide. 五. 单句语法填空精讲 1. He was very tired from doing this for a whole day, ______ he felt very happy since the crop did “grow”  higher. 2. So Nick called to his son, “Go to the village and buy some salt, but pay a fair price for it: neither too much ______ too little.” 3. In the days when an ice cream cost much less, Tom, an 8-year-old boy, entered a hotel coffee shop ______ sat at a table. 4. Cursing my misfortune, I was wondering where I was going to spend the night when I realized that the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as to ______ should have the honor of receiving me as a guest in their house. 5. One day, he came up with an idea ______ he would pluck up all of his crop a few inches. 6. The new boy looked at the teacher for a few seconds and all the other students wondered ______ the boy would do. 7. Jane paused in front of a counter ______ some attractive ties were on display. 8. He filled his leather container so that he could bring some back to an elder ______ had been his teacher. 9. Behind him were other people to ______ he was trying to talk, but after some minutes they walked away and sat near me, looking annoyed. 【温馨提示】 如何判断空格处应填连接词？ (1) 并列连词：如果空格在两个或几个单词或短语之间，那么就可能填连词。 (2) 主从复合句的连接词：如果两个句子之间没有连词，也没有分号或句号，那么一定是填引导从句的连接词。 10. As ________(nature) architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly how thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days. 11. I'd skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River ________are pictured by artists in so many Chinese ________(painting). 12. Maybe you have a habit ____ is driving your family crazy. 13. …that our rooms hadn't been reserved for that week, ____ for the week after.　 14. The next day, my brother and I went to the beach ____ we watched some people play volleyball. 15. Nick's guests, _______ had heard their conversation, asked why they should not buy salt more cheaply if they could. 16. Of course whenever they turned to look at him, they had to look at Mary, ____ made her feel like a star. 17. It presents a scene the survivors of the wreck on a raft littered with bodies try to signal to a distant ship. 18. Some people thought the artist meant to criticize the French king, had been involved in appointing the ship's captain. 19. The radio seemed to be the most precious thing he had. 20. They raised her into the helicopter and took her to the school gym, ___ the Red Cross had set up an emergency shelter． 六. 优秀语法填空精选 1 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 One of the bigger misunderstandings about China’s tech market is that China is all about copying and stealing ideas. But if that was ever the case, it___1___(certain) isn’t now. China entrepreneurs (企业家)___2___ (prove) that they can innovate (创新).In fact, they’ve become so good at ___3___ that the West is now copying their ideas. Here are a few examples. Facebook borrowed some ideas___4___WeChat’s messaging app when ___5___U. S. social media giant introduced group chats and private messaging. In bike-sharing, a similar transfer occurred. LmeBike copied China’s two major bike-sharing ___6___(company) , Ofo and Mobike. China gained an advantage by being able to leapfrog (跳过， 避开) some older,___7___(west) technologies and go straight to new tech such as QR codes, to electric vehicles, to high-speed trains, to mobile payments, and superapps that combine all these functions.We are entering a new stage____8____ separate universes are being created. This____9____(cause) by China’s fast rise, and a ___10___ (grow) gap between the U. S. and China on technology innovations that matter for the future. 2 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 I'm a Muslim. Once I was eating at a restaurant, where there was a father ___1___ （seat)next to my desk with his two girls. I ___2___（overhear)their conversation. The girls were ___3___（constant)asking about everything and anything. And I was fascinated by their ___4___（curious). One of the girls looked at me and asked," Daddy, why is she wearing that way?" Her dad responded ___5___ something that made my heart so warm. He said," There are different religions, cultures and languages. We have to respect and learn about them. "He then went on ___6___（share)his personal experience of living abroad and learning to speak Spanish. This reminded me of a Harvard study that I had read about. Children who ___7___（expose)to racism tend to accept and embrace ___8___as young as age 3,and in just a matter of days. Only at that time did I realize the importance of the way we teach children about love, acceptance, understanding and respect. It should start from an early age. The ___9___（early),the better. Kids imitate their parents' views and behaviour. It is you ___10___are their role model. 3 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In August 2014, paleoanthropologist (古人类学家)Yingqi Zhang and his team went down into a sinkhole on the hunt for Gigantopithecus, the largest known primate(灵长类动物)to ever live. They came back out with a mix of bones from the unfortunate ___1___ (creature) that had fallen into the natural "death trap". None of those bones belonged to the extinct ape, but the team was in for a surprise: The mix included a 22,000-year-old lower jaw from ___2___ ancient panda. And within its worn edges, the jaw contained ___3___ is now the world’s oldest sample of panda DNA. Moreover, the genetic evidence ___4___ (show) that the bone comes from a ___5___ (previous) unknown lineage of giant panda. This animal may have been specifically adapted to ___6___ (live) in its subtropical home, suggesting that the black-and-white beasts were once much ___7___ (diverse) than they are today, the authors argue in a paper ___8___ (publish) in the journal Current Biology. While the ___9___ (conclude) about panda diversity is probably not revolutionary, the team's work collecting ancient DNA from the degraded fossils is ___10___ great significance. 4 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 Few words ___1___ (speak) more often every day on the streets of Britain than “I’m sorry”. This phrase has become such a common ____2____ (respond) that it has taken on a lot of meanings. Sorry means to apologize. This is simple and easy to understand. But in Britain, it takes on another meaning. It is a ___3___ (culture) expression. Imagine this: a man walks down the street, ____4____ (look) down at his phone. A woman is walking in the opposite direction, toward the man. She sees him, but she can’t get out of the way in time. The man ___5___ (knock) into the woman. Naturally, the man should say sorry, because it was he who wasn’t looking ___6___ he was going. Yet in Britain, it is common ____7____both to apologize. Other times ___8___ may sound funny to hear “sorry”. Some of my friends say it at restaurants, as they ask the waiter: “sorry, but can I order another drink?” It is not to apologize, ____9____ just to express that we need the waiter. In Britain, sorry doesn’t always mean ___10___ (exact) what you think. 5 Like many young children, Vikas Jyani dreamed of _____1_____ (be) a pilot as a boy. Living in a small village called Sarangpur in Hisar district, he did not let go of that dream and after years of struggle, ____2____ (succeed) in becoming a pilot. It was what he did after achieving his dream ____3____ would make headlines in the news. With his growing up, the elders in the village always encouraged him ____4____ (go) for his dreams. ____5____ turn, he promised that when he did become a pilot, he would take all of them together for a ride in a plane. And that was ____6____ (exact) what Vikas Jyani did when the time came. He arranged for plane ____7____ (ticket) for all the 22 elders over 70 years old in the village. The eldest was 90 years old, and the youngest was 72 years old, most of ___8___ had never been on a plane in their lives and never thought there was a ____9____ (possible) that they would take in the view from above the clouds. All the elders got to travel from New Delhi to Amritsar where they got to see the Golden Temple, Jallianwala Bagh and Wagah Border. Flying in a plane ____10____ (describe) as the best experience of their lives by many of the elders. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 08语法填空(连词)——2025年高一暑假作业 一. 定语从句 1. 定语从句含义：在复合句中修饰某名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。 (1) 先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。 (2) 关系词：引导定语从句的连词叫关系词。关系词分关系代词和关系副词。 2. 关系代词引导的定语从句 (1) who，whom，that这些词代替的先行词是表示人的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，其中whom只能作宾语。 (2) which，that所代替的先行词是表示事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。 (3) whose用来指人或物，在定语从句中只作定语。 3. 关系副词引导的定语从句 (1) 关系副词when，where，why的先行词是表示时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。 需要特别注意：a. 当先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词，如：point，situation，case，stage等，如果引导词在从句中作状语，常用关系副词where引导定语从句；如果不作状语，则用关系代词that/which。b. 先行词为occasions，当“时机”讲时，用关系副词when；当“场合”讲时，用关系副词where。 (2) the way后面的定语从句的关系词。 在定语从句中，the way是一个比较特殊的先行词，当它在从句中充当方式状语时，其后的关系词可以是in which，that或省略；但是当它在从句中充当主语、宾语成分时，其后的关系词就用that或which。 4. 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句：限制性定语从句放在先行词后面，起修饰、限制作用，翻译成汉语时，译为一个句子；非限制性定语从句的先行词与定语从句用逗号隔开，起补充、说明作用，翻译成汉语时，译为两个句子。that不能引导非限制性定语从句。 5. “介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 (1) “介词＋关系代词”中的关系代词只有whom(指人)，which(指物) 和whose三个。 (2) “复合介词短语＋关系代词”引导的定语从句常与先行词用逗号分开，定语从句常用倒装语序。 (3) “of＋which/whom”表示所属关系。(表所属关系也可用whose) 6. as引导的定语从句 (1) as引导的限制性定语从句，常用于下列结构：such...as...；so...as...；the same...as...；as...as...。特别注意：the same...as...表示同类，但不同物；the same...that...表示同一个。 (2) as引导的非限制性定语从句，既可在主句前，又可在主句后，有时还可插入主句中，而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能置于主句之后。as引导的非限制性定语从句，常用于下列结构：as we know/as is known to all(总所周知)；as we all can see(正如我们都看到的)；as has been said above(正如上面所说的)；as is often the case(就像平常一样)；as is reported(正如被报道的)；as is said(据说)等。 7. 定语从句中的主谓一致 (1)关系代词作从句的主语时，从句中谓语动词的人称和数要与先行词保持一致，先行词是句子时，从句的谓语动词用单数形式。如：（2022年的新高考卷I语法填空） The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that ___58___ (be) previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority ____59___ (increase) effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management. 58. 【答案】were 【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：该计划将保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区，将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个主管部门，以提高效率，减少管理上的不一致。该句是that引导的定语从句，areas是先行词，复数形式，在后面的定语从句中作主语，再根据previously“以前地”可知，定语从句用一般过去时，be要与先行词areas保持一致，用复数形式were。故答案为were。 59. 【答案】to increase 【解析】考查不定式作目的状语。句意：该计划将保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区，将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个主管部门，以提高效率，减少管理上的不一致。定语从句中be动词是谓语动词，那么设空处就是非谓语动词，是动词不定式作目的状语。故答案为to increase。 (2)“one of+复数名词”位于关系代词前作先行词时，关系代词在从句中作主语，从句的动词通常用复数，但当one前有the, the only, the very等修饰时，从句的谓语动词要用单数。 8. 只用that引导定语从句 （1） 先行词是all，something，anything，everything，nothing等不定代词时。例如：Finally，the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.（最后，小偷把他偷的所有东西都交给了警察。） （2） 先行词被all，any，no，every，few，little，many，much等不定代词修饰时。例如：I have finished reading all the books that I borrowed from the library. （我己经看完了所有从图书馆借来的书。） （3） 先行词被序数词修饰或先行词本身是序数词时。例如：The first English book that I read was “The Prince and the Pauper”by Mark Twain.（我读的第一本英文书是马克·吐温的《王子与乞丐》。） （4） 先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。例如：This is the most beautiful park that I have ever visited.（这是我参观过的最美丽的公园。） （5） 先行词中既有人又有物时。例如：He talked about the teachers and school that he visited.（他谈到了他参观过的老师和学校。） （6） the way作先行词，且在定语从句中作状语时，用that/in which或省略关系词。例如：This is the way that my father did this work.（这是我父亲做这件工作的方法。） （7） 先行词被the only，the very，the last修饰时。例如：He is the very man that helped the girl out of the water.（他就是那个把女孩从水里救出来的人。） （8） 关系代词作表语时。例如：He is not the man that he used to be.（他不再是过去的那个人了。） （9） 当主语是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时，为避免重复用that。例如：Who is the person that is standing at the gate?（站在门口的那个人是谁?） 9. 只用which引导定语从句 （1） 先行词指物，定语从句是非限制性定语从句时。例如：The problem，which was discussed yesterday，has been solved.（昨天讨论的那个问题已经解决了。） （2） 关系代词作介词的宾语，且介词在关系代词前面时。例如：She’s got a part-time job for which she earns 2,000 yuan a month.（她找到了一份每月能挣2000元的兼职工作。） （3） 前面整个句子作先行词时，后面的非限制性定语从句由which引导。（which代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念）。例如：The boy lost his new bike，which made him upset.（这个男孩丢了他的新自行车，这使他很心烦。） 【专项训练】 1. Do you know the boy ____ is standing there? 【解析】考查定语从句引导词。句意：你认识站在那里的那个男孩吗？此处boy是先行词，指人，在定语从句中作主语，从句由关系代词who/that引导。故填who/that。 2. Can you tell me the office _____he works? 【解析】考查定语从句引导词。句意：你能告诉我他工作的办公室位置吗？此处office作先行词，在定语从句中作地点状语，从句由关系副词where引导。故填where。 3. This is the scientist _____ achivements are well-known. 【解析】考查whose引导的定语从句。句意：这就是那位成就卓著的科学家。此处scientist 是先行词，用其所有格形式作定语，修饰名词achivements，定语从句由关系代词whose引导。故填whose。 4. The noodles _____ I cooked were delicious. 【解析】考查定语从句引导词。句意：我做的面条非常美味。此处 noodles 作先行词，指物，在从句中作谓语动词cooked的宾语，定语从句由关系大词that/which引导。故填that/which。 5. This is Mr. White, _____ I think has something iteresting to tell you. 【解析】考查定语从句引导词。句意：这位是怀特先生，我觉得他有件有趣的事情要告诉你。句中I think是插入语，Mr. White是先行词，指人，在从句中作主语，从句由关系代词who引导。故填who。 6. His interest started a few years ago, _____ he has in college and studying wildlife science. 【解析】考查关系副词引导的定语从句。句意：他的兴趣始于几年前，当时他在大学里学习野生动物科学。a few years ago是先行词，在从句中作时间状语，从句由关系副词when引导。故填when。 7. As a child, Jack studied in a village school, _____ is named after his grandfather. 【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：小时候，杰克在一所乡村学校上学，这所学校是以他祖父的名字命名的。此处 school是先行词，指物，在非限制性定语从句中作主语，that不能引导非限制性定语从句。故填which。 8. All the neighbors admired this family, _____ the parents are treating their child like afriend. 【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：所有的邻居都对这个家庭赞赏有加，因为这对父母对待自己的孩子就像对待朋友一样。此处family是先行词，在非限制性定语从句中作地点状语，从句由关系副词where引导。故填where。 【答案】who/that where whose which/that who when which where 二. 名词性从句 名词性从句是高考的热点，对于名词性从句要求掌握主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句的基本用法。 1. 名词性从句的连接词 (1)连接词that，whether和if I. 这三个连词在句中只起连接作用，不作句子成分，that本身无意义，有时可省略，whether和if本身有意义，均不能省略。that和whether可以连接所有的名词性从句，而if引导名词性从句时只能引导宾语从句或不在句首的主语从句。 II. whether与if的用法比较 二者均可作“是否”讲，都可以引导名词性从句，引导宾语从句时可以互换。 在下列情况下，常用whether，不用if：a. whether引导从句可以放于句首。b. whether可引导表语从句和同位语从句，if不可。c. whether可以作介词宾语，if则不可。d. whether后可以加不定式，if不可。e. 可以用whether...or引导让步状语从句，意为“无论，不论”，if则不可。 (2)连接代词 引导名词性从句的连接代词有：who，whom，whose，what，which，whatever，whichever，whoever。连接代词在句中既起连接作用，同时又充当主语、宾语、定语、表语等成分。 (3)连接副词 引导名词性从句的连接副词有：when，where，how，why。连接副词在句中既是连接词，又作状语。 2. 主语从句 (1)主语从句在复合句中充当主语，大多数主语从句都可以用it作形式主语而把主语从句置于句尾。 (2)that引导主语从句时可用it作形式主语，that不可省；what引导的主语从句表示“……的东西”时，一般不用it作形式主语；whatever，whoever，whichever一般也不用it作形式主语。 I. It＋系动词＋形容词(necessary，right，likely，unlikely，wrong，important，certain，clear，obvious，strange，normal等)＋that从句 II. It＋be＋名词(短语)(a pity，a shame，good news，a fact，an honour，a wonder，no wonder等)＋that从句 III. It＋be＋过去分词(said，told，heard，reported，decided，suggested，advised，ordered，remembered，thought，considered，well­known，announced等)＋that从句 IV. It＋特殊动词(seem，appear，happen，matter)＋that从句 注意：a. 在“It is necessary，important，strange，natural＋that从句”结构中，从句常用“(should)＋动词原形”形式。 b. 在“It＋be＋suggested，advised，ordered，requested，insisted，required＋that从句”结构中，that从句应用“(should)＋动词原形”。 3. 宾语从句 在句中起宾语作用的从句称为宾语从句。宾语从句可分为三类：动词的宾语从句、介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。 (1)动词的宾语从句 I. 大多数动词(hope，tell，say，know，think，consider，imagine，hear，expect，suppose，guess等)可以带宾语从句。 注意：在think，believe，suppose，expect等动词引导的宾语从句中，有时谓语尽管是否定意义，却不用否定形式，而将think等动词变为否定形式，这一现象称为否定前移。 II. 动词find，feel，think，consider，make，believe等后有宾语补足语时，则需要it作形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置。 III. 有些动词带宾语从句时习惯上需要在宾语从句前加it。这类动词(词组)有hate，enjoy，like，love，dislike，see to等。 (2)一般情况下介词后只能用wh­类连接词引导宾语从句。 注意：a. where引导的从句有时也可用作介词的宾语。 b. that引导的从句作介词的宾语是很少有的，只有在except，in，but等介词后偶尔可能用到。 (3)sure，certain，glad，pleased，happy，surprised等表示“情感”的形容词后也可带宾语从句。 4. 表语从句 在句中作表语的从句称为表语从句。共分三类： (1)主句的主语是idea，advice，suggestion，order，request，requirement等名词时，表语从句的谓语应用虚拟语气，即“(should)＋动词原形”的形式。 (2)主语为名词reason时，表语从句中的连接词要用that，而不用why或because。 (3)because，as if，as though，as，like等连接词也可引导表语从句。 5. 同位语从句 同位语从句是用以解释说明某一名词内容和实质的从句。 (1)能接同位语从句的名词有：belief，fact，hope，idea，doubt，news，conclusion，suggestion，problem，order，answer，decision，explanation，information，thought等。 (2)同位语从句一般用that引导，但也可以用连接代词(what，which，who)、连接副词(when，where，why，how)或whether引导。 (3)有时同位语从句不紧跟在它所说明的某个名词后，而是被别的词隔开。 6. 名词性从句的几个难点 (1)that通常不可省略的四种情况： I. 引导主语从句，that置于句首时不可省略。 II. 当一个句子有两个或多个并列的宾语从句时，引导第二个和以后几个从句的that不可省略。 III. 在由it作形式宾语，that引导的宾语从句中，that也不可省略。 IV. 引导表语从句和同位语从句时，that也不可省略。 (2)what与that的区别： what在从句中充当一定成分并且具有特定含义“……的人(地方、东西)等”；that只起引导作用，在主语从句中不充当任何成分并且也没有含义。 【专项训练1】 1. 主语从句引导词： It’s strange _____ it hasn’t been noticed before. 【解析】句意：真奇怪，之前竟然没有人注意到这一点。 _____ will win the next game is still unknown. 【解析】句意：接下来的比赛谁会获胜还不得而知。位于句首，大写开头。 _____ he was describing was not his own experience but another’s. 【解析】句意：他所描述的并非自己的经历，而是别人的经历。位于句首，大写开头。 _____ of us gets home first starts cooking. 【解析】句意：我们当中谁先到家，谁就先开始做饭。位于句首，大写开头。 【答案】that Who What Whichever 2. 宾语从句引导词： She reported _____ she had seen to the police. 【解析】句意：她把所见到的情况向警方作了汇报。 I wonder _____ you could help me. 【解析】句意：不知你能否帮我。 We asked _____ the money was. 【解析】句意：我们询问这笔钱在哪里。 You can eat _____ you like. 【解析】句意：你可以吃任何你想吃的东西。 【答案】what whether/if where whatever 3. 表语从句引导词： It seems _____ there are people from all over the world living here. 【解析】句意：似乎这里有来自世界各地的人们居住。 He is not _____ he was a few years ago. 【解析】句意：他和几年前相比已经大不一样了。 The question is _____ we can do the work better. 【解析】句意：问题在于我们怎样才能把这项工作做得更好。 It sounds _____ if you are from the south of the United States. 【解析】句意：听起来你好像是来自美国南部。 The question is _____ we should trust. 【解析】句意：问题在于我们应该相信谁。 【答案】that what how as who 4. 同位语从句引导词 There was little hope _____ they would survive. 【解析】句意：他们生还的希望十分渺茫。 I got the impression _____ you are unhappy. 【解析】句意：我感觉你似乎不太开心。 【答案】that that 【专项训练2】 1. _____ some people regard as a disadvantage is seen as an advantage by many others. 【解析】考查主语从句。句意：有些人认为是缺点的事情，在另一些人看来却恰恰是优点。设空处引导主语从句，从句没有引导词，且从句谓语动词regard没有宾语，所填词要其双重作用，且位于句首，首字母大写。故填What。 2. _____ the famous singer didn’t appear at the airport yesterday made his fans very disappointed. 【解析】考查主语从句。句意：那位著名歌手昨天没有出现在机场，这让他的粉丝们非常失望。设空处引导主语从句，从句结构完整，不缺成分，所填词只起引导作用，位于句首，大写开头。故填That。 3. It is said _____ there has been an earthquake in Japan. 【解析】考查主语从句。句意：据说日本发生了地震。固定句型：It is said that...，其中it作形式主语，主语从句作真正的主语。故填that。 4. _____ it will do us harm is not clear. 【解析】考查主语从句。句意：它是否会对我们造成危害还不清楚。设空处引导主语从句，从句缺少引导词，不缺成分，但带有疑问语气，whether“是否”符合句意，if尽管有“是否”的意思，但不能引导主语从句。引导词位于句首，首字母大写。故填Whether。 5. Do you know _____ broke the window? 【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：你知道是谁打破了窗户吗？设空处引导宾语从句，从句缺少引导词，缺少主语，引导词指“人”。故填who。 6. When asked _____ they needed most, the kids said they wanted to be loved. 【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：当被问及他们最需要什么时，孩子们回答说他们想要被爱。设空处引导宾语从句，从句缺少引导词，且从句缺宾语，所填词起双重作用。故填what。 7. You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is _____ I disagree. 【解析】考查表语从句。句意：你说每个人都应该平等，但这一点上我们意见不合。设空处在be动词后面，引导表语从句，从句谓语动词disgree是不及物动词，引导词在从句中相当于地点状语“在这一点上”。故填where。 8. The news _____ he had landed on the moon spread all over the world. 【解析】考查同位语从句。句意：他登上月球这一消息传遍了全世界。设空处引导同位语从句，只起引导作用，无词义，从句说明前面名词news的具体内容。故填that。 9. The boy dived into water and after _____ seemed to be a long time, he came up again. 【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：那个男孩跳进了水里，过了好一会儿，他才又浮出水面。设空处引导宾语从句，作介词after的宾语，从句缺少引导词，缺少主语，所填词起双重作用。故填what。 10. What we need _____(be) knowledge. What we need _____(be) many books. 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：我们所需要的是知识。我们所需要的是大量的书籍。“What+主语+need”+be +表语，主句的谓语动词be取决于后面的表语，这两个句子都再说一个客观事实，句子用一般现在时，第一空的表语是不可数名词 knowledge。故填is；第二空的表语是名词复数 books。故填are。 三. 状语从句 在主从复合句中修饰主句中的动词、形容词、副词等的从句叫作状语从句。时间状语从句的主句如果是一般将来时（一般现在时、祈使句、含情态动词），则从句用一般现在时，特别注意主语是单数第三人称的时候；如果主句是一般过去时态，则从句也用相应的过去时态。 状语从句基本考点： 1. 时间状语从句 (1) when 引导时间状语从句，意为“当……时”，表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时或先后发生。常考的句型： ①be about to do…when=be on the point of doing…when… 正要做…这时突然...... 例如：I was about to go out when it began to rain.（我正要出去，这时候天突然开始下雨。） ②be doing…when…正在做…这时突然...... 例如：I was doing my homework when someone knocked at the door.（我正在做作业，这时有人敲门。） ③had just done …when 刚做完…这时突然...... 例如：I had arrived home when the phone rang.（我刚到家，电话就响了。） (2) while引导时间状语从句，意为“与……同时，在……期间”，从句常用延续性动词或状态动词。 (3) as引导时间状语从句，意为“正当；一边……一边……；随着”等意思，表示两个动作同时发生。 (4) as soon as，immediately，directly，instantly，the moment，the minute，the instant，the second，以上这些从属连词引导的时间状语从句都表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即就发生，常译为“一……就……”。 注意：no sooner...than...，hardly/scarcely/barely...when...的时态搭配：no sooner与hardly/scarcely/barely后的句子谓语动词应用过去完成时，而than与when引导的句子谓语动词应用一般过去时。此外，当把no sooner和hardly/scarcely/barely提到句首时，应用倒装语序。 (5)since“自从……以来”，引导时间状语从句。常用句型：It is (has been) /was＋一段时间＋since(从句用一般过去时/过去完成时) (6)before“在……之前；还未……就……；还没来得及……就……”引导时间状语从句。如：He fell off his bike before I got up.(我来不及站起来，他就从他的自行车上摔了下来。) 常用句型：It will be＋一段时间＋before...“多久之后才……”。 (7)until/till 若主句为肯定句，谓语用延续性动词，意为“直到……为止”；若主句为否定句时，谓语用非延续性动词，即not……until/till，意为“直到……才”。 (8) 一些含有time的名词短语，如every time，each time，next time，by the time，the first time，the last time等，也可引导一个时间状语从句。例如： The last time I saw him, he was playing by the river.(我最后一次看见他时，他正在河边玩。) 2. 条件状语从句 (1)通常由if“如果”， unless“如果不；除非”，as (so) long as“只要”，in case (that) “结果，万一”，once“一旦”，when“既然”等连词引导。 (2)由on condition (that)，provided (that)，providing (that) “倘若；假使”， supposing (that)，in case“如果”等引导条件状语从句。 (3)条件状语从句的主句如果是一般将来时（一般现在时、祈使句、含情态动词），则从句用一般现在时，特别注意主语是单数第三人称的时候。例如：Once you see him, you will never forget him.（一旦你见到他，你就永远不会忘记他。） 3. 地点状语从句 (1)通常由连词where和wherever引导，从句可位于主句之前，也可位于主句之后。 (2) where引导的状语从句和定语从句的区别。 where引导地点状语从句直接修饰动词，而在定语从句中where作为关系副词要跟在表示地点的先行词后面。如：状语从句 Put your coat where it was.(把大衣放在以前它在的地方。) ；定语从句 This is the hospital where my father once worked.(这就是我父亲曾经工作过的医院。) 3. 原因状语从句 原因状语从句通常由because，since，as，now that，seeing (that)，considering that等引导。 4. 方式状语从句 方式状语从句用来表示主句谓语动作发生的方式，常由as“像……一样”， as if (though) “似乎，好像”等引导。 5. 目的状语从句 引导目的状语从句的连词主要有in order that，so that，for fear that “害怕，担心发生某事”， in case “以免，以防”等。从句中常用may，might，can，could，should等情态动词。 6. 结果状语从句 引导词：so...that...“如此......以致于......”，其中so修饰形容词或副词；such...that...“如此......以致于......”，其中such修饰的中心词是名词。特别注意：so+表示数量的词（many/much/few/little）+名词，其中little的意思是“少的”。例如：Ann is such a good teacher that everyone admires her.（安是一位好老师，每个人都钦佩她。）；There are so many people in the hall that it's hard for me to find him.（大厅里有那么多人，我很难找到他。） 7. 比较状语从句 引导词：as...as.../not as（so）...as.../than。例如：　The busier he is, the happier he feels.（他越忙越高兴。） 8. 让步状语从句 引导词： (1)though/although/while 例如：Though/Although she is very pretty,she is not clever.（虽然她很漂亮，但是她不聪明。） (2)as 连词as作“尽管”讲时，从句用部分倒装，这时候的as也可以用though来代替。例如：Young as he is，he often helps his mother with housework.（他虽然年轻，却经常帮妈妈做家务。） (3)even if/even though“即使” 例如：Even if he had the money， he wouldn’t buy it.（即使他有钱，他也不会买。） (4)however；wh - ever；no matter who（what，when，...）例如：Whatever ( = No matter what ) you say, I’ll never change my mind.（不管你说什么，我都不会改变主意。） (5)whether...or...“无论......还是......” 例如：Whether he passes or fails, this is his last chance.（不管他通过还是失败，这是他最后的机会。） 【专项训练】 1. ______ you think it over, please let me know what you decide. 【解析】考查时间状语从句。句意：在你仔细考虑之后，请告知我你的决定是什么。此处是after引导的时间状语从句，位于句首大写开头。故填After。 2. I met Mary _____ I was walking along the street. 【解析】考查时间状语从句。句意：我在街上散步时遇见了玛丽。此处是as/when/while引导的时间状语从句。故填as/when/while。 3. Tom was playing computer games _____ his mother found him. 【解析】考查固定句型。句意：汤姆正在玩电脑游戏，这时他妈妈发现了他。固定句型：was/were doing sth. ...when...“正在做某事，这时候……”。故填when。 4. We talked ______ we walked along. 【解析】考查时间状语从句。句意：我们边走边交谈着。此处是as引导的时间状语从句，表示同时进行的动作，意为“随着，一边……一边……”。故填as。 四. 并列连词 1. 常用的并列连词有and，but和or，通常连接的是两个完整的句子，解题关键要看两个句子之间的关系。基本考点：（1）顺接关系用and；（2）转折关系用but；（3）选择关系用or。并列连词也可以连接两个或两个以上同类的内容，包括单词、短语等。例如：It is a small but valuable box.（它是一个小但有价值的盒子。）or除了表示选择关系之外，还可以表示“否则”，以及否定句中的“和”。例如：Hurry up, or you will miss the first bus.（快点，否则你将错过第一班公共汽车。） 2. 并列连词的固定搭配：whether...or...“无论……，还是……”；whether...or not“是……或者不是”；not...but...“不是……而是……”；both...and...“两个都……”；not only...but also...“不但……而且”(其中only也可用just/merely替代，also也可以省略)；neither...nor...“既不……也不……”；either...or...“要么……要么……”。 【专项训练】 1. She felt cold, tired _____ thirsty. 【解析】考查并列连词。句意：她感到寒冷、疲倦和口渴。此处是并列的三个形容词作表语，最后一个和倒数第二个用and连接。故填and。 2. Tonight they will both sing _____ dance. 【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：今晚他们将又唱歌又跳舞。固定搭配：both...and...“两个都……”。故填and。 3. He hoped that joining the Houston Rockets was a new start _____ a new challenge. 【解析】考查并列连词。句意：他希望加盟休斯顿火箭队是一个新的开始，也是一个新的挑战。此处指“新的开始和新的挑战”，是递进的并列关系。故填and。 4. Both his mother _____ his father will be there. 【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：他的母亲和父亲都会到场。固定搭配：both...and...“两个都……”。故填and。 5. He lied to the court not just once, _____ on several occasions. 【解析】考查转折连词。句意：他不止一次，而是多次向法庭撒了谎。前后是一种转折关系，not...but...“不是……，而是……”。故填but。 6. They wanted to charge $5000 for the car, ______ we managed to bring the price down. 【解析】考查转折连词。句意：他们原本想把这辆车的售价定为 5000 美元，但我们最终成功把价格降了下来。前后是一种转折关系。故填but。 7. Shall we go out to the cinema _____ stay at home? 【解析】考查选择连词。句意：我们是去电影院呢，还是待在家里呢？此处是一种选择关系。故填or。 8. Well, I think she’s either Russian ______ polish. 【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：嗯，我觉得她要么是俄罗斯人，要么是波兰人。固定搭配：either...or...“要么……，要么……”。故填or。 9. They worked neither for fame ______ for personal gain. 【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：他们工作既不是为了追求名声，也不是为了个人利益。固定搭配：neither...nor...“既不……也不……”。故填nor。 10. You may go ______ stay , according as you decide. 【解析】考查选择连词。句意：你可以选择离开或者留下，由你自己决定。根据后半句 according as you decide可知，此处表示“选择”关系。故填or。 五. 单句语法填空精讲 1. He was very tired from doing this for a whole day, ______ he felt very happy since the crop did “grow”  higher. 【解析】考查并列连词。句意：他一整天都在忙着这项工作，累得够呛，但看到庄稼长高了，他感到非常高兴。very happy与very tired是转折关系，两句间是逗号且没有连词。故填but。 2. So Nick called to his son, “Go to the village and buy some salt, but pay a fair price for it: neither too much ______ too little.” 【解析】考查并列连词。句意：于是尼克对儿子说道：“你去村子里买些盐，但要以合理的价格购买：不能买太多，也不能买太少。”固定搭配：neither…nor…表示“既不…也不…”。故填nor。 3. In the days when an ice cream cost much less, Tom, an 8-year-old boy, entered a hotel coffee shop ______ sat at a table. 【解析】考查并列连词。句意：在冰激凌价格还比较便宜的那些日子里，一个名叫汤姆的 8 岁小男孩走进了一家酒店的咖啡馆，并在一张桌子旁坐了下来。句中entered a hotel coffee shop和sat at a table是主语发出的两个并列的动作，由并列连词and连接。故填and。 4. Cursing my misfortune, I was wondering where I was going to spend the night when I realized that the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as to ______ should have the honor of receiving me as a guest in their house. 【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：我咒骂着自己的不幸遭遇，正想着自己今晚要在哪里过夜时，却突然发现围在我身边的村民们正在争论究竟该由谁来荣幸地接纳我入住他们的家中。设空处引导as to的宾语从句且在从句中作主语，指人。故填who。 5. One day, he came up with an idea ______ he would pluck up all of his crop a few inches. 【解析】考查同位语从句。句意：有一天，他想出了一个主意：他要把自己所有的作物拔高几英寸。设空处引导同位语从句，说明idea的具体内容，从句意义完整且不缺句子成分。故填that。 6. The new boy looked at the teacher for a few seconds and all the other students wondered ______ the boy would do. 【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：那个新来的男孩与老师对视了几秒钟，其他所有学生都好奇这个男孩接下来会做什么。设空处引导宾语从句并在从句中作do的宾语。故填what。 7. Jane paused in front of a counter ______ some attractive ties were on display. 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：简站在一个柜台前停了下来，那里陈列着一些漂亮的领带。句子+句子，中间必填连接词；后句修饰前句，关系副词where在从句中作地点状语。故填where。 8. He filled his leather container so that he could bring some back to an elder ______ had been his teacher. 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：他把容器装得满满的，以便能带回一些给曾经教导过他的那位长者。设空处引导定语从句， an elder是先行词，指人，在从句中作主语。故填who/that。 9. Behind him were other people to ______ he was trying to talk, but after some minutes they walked away and sat near me, looking annoyed. 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：在他身后还有其他人，他正试图与他们交谈，但过了几分钟，这些人便离开了，然后坐在了我旁边，一脸不悦的神情。设空处引导定语从句，people是先行 词，指人，再根据固定搭配talk to sb.可知，介词后面用whom引导定语从句。故填whom。 【温馨提示】 如何判断空格处应填连接词？ (1) 并列连词：如果空格在两个或几个单词或短语之间，那么就可能填连词。 (2) 主从复合句的连接词：如果两个句子之间没有连词，也没有分号或句号，那么一定是填引导从句的连接词。 10. As ________(nature) architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly how thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days. 【解析】考查形容词。句意：作为天生的建筑大师，普韦布洛印第安人精确地计算出了黏土砖墙的厚度，以确保这种循环模式在大多数日子里都能正常运行。结合空格后面的architects可知此处要用形容词作定语修饰后面的名词，nature的形容词是natural。故填natural。 11. I'd skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River ________are pictured by artists in so many Chinese ________(painting). 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我错过了附近的桂林。那是一个令众多游客向往的地方，那里有着如艺术家笔下般美丽的石灰岩山峰和漓江幽深的水域。设空处引导定语从句，先行词为Li River，指物，在从句中作主语。故填that/which。 【解析】考查名词的复数形式。句意：我错过了附近的桂林。那是一个令众多游客向往的地方，那里有着如艺术家笔下般美丽的石灰岩山峰和漓江幽深的水域。painting为可数名词，根据many可知用复数形式。故填paintings。 12. Maybe you have a habit ____ is driving your family crazy. 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：也许你有一个使你的家人发疯的习惯。设空处引导定语从句，这里habit是先行词，指物，并且在从句中作主语，从句由that/which引导。故填 that/which。 13. …that our rooms hadn't been reserved for that week, ____ for the week after.　 【解析】考查并列连词。句意：……我们预订的房间并不是定在那周，而是定在那周之后。固定搭配：not…but…表示“不是……而是……”。故填but。 14. The next day, my brother and I went to the beach ____ we watched some people play volleyball. 【解析】考查定语从句连接词。句意：第二天，我和哥哥去了海滩，我们在那里看到一些人正在打排球。设空处引导定语从句，the beach是先行词，在定语从句中作地点状语。故填where。 15. Nick's guests, ______ had heard their conversation, asked why they should not buy salt more cheaply if they could. 【解析】考查定语从句连接词。句意：尼克的客人们听到了他们的对话，便问道，既然他们能够以更低的价格买到盐，那为什么还要去别的地方购买呢？设空处引导非限制性定语从句，guests是先行词，指人，在从句中作主语。故填who。 16. Of course whenever they turned to look at him, they had to look at Mary, ____ made her feel like a star. 【解析】考查定语从句连接词。句意：当然，每当他们转头看向他时，他们都会不由自主地看向玛丽，这让她觉得自己仿佛成了众人瞩目的焦点。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，前面整个句子是先行词，关系代词which在从句中作主语，代替前面的整个句子。故填which。 17. It presents a scene the survivors of the wreck on a raft littered with bodies try to signal to a distant ship. 【解析】考查定语从句连接词。句意：它描绘了这样一个场景：在一艘满是尸体的木筏上幸存者们试图向远处的船只发出求救信号。分析结构可知名词后面the survivors of the wreck on a raft littered with bodies try to signal to a distant ship.是定语从句，从句缺少状语，而先行词scene是抽象名词，表地点。故填where。 18. Some people thought the artist meant to criticize the French king, had been involved in appointing the ship's captain. 【解析】考查定语从句连接词。句意：有些人认为这位艺术家意在批评那位法国国王，因为国王曾参与了该船船长的任命事宜。从结构可知此处是非限制性定语从句，从句缺少主语，而先行词是the French king，指人。故填who。 19. The radio seemed to be the most precious thing he had. 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：这台收音机似乎是他所拥有的最珍贵的东西。先行词由最高级修饰，用that引导定语从句，作宾语。故填that。 20. They raised her into the helicopter and took her to the school gym, ___ the Red Cross had set up an emergency shelter． 【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：他们把她抬上了直升机，并把她送到了学校体育馆。在那里，红十字会已经搭建了一个紧急避难所。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，the school gym 是先行词，在从句中作地点状语。故填where。 六. 优秀语法填空精选 1 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 One of the bigger misunderstandings about China’s tech market is that China is all about copying and stealing ideas. But if that was ever the case, it___1___(certain) isn’t now. China entrepreneurs (企业家)___2___ (prove) that they can innovate (创新).In fact, they’ve become so good at ___3___ that the West is now copying their ideas. Here are a few examples. Facebook borrowed some ideas___4___WeChat’s messaging app when ___5___U. S. social media giant introduced group chats and private messaging. In bike-sharing, a similar transfer occurred. LmeBike copied China’s two major bike-sharing ___6___(company) , Ofo and Mobike. China gained an advantage by being able to leapfrog (跳过， 避开) some older,___7___(west) technologies and go straight to new tech such as QR codes, to electric vehicles, to high-speed trains, to mobile payments, and superapps that combine all these functions.We are entering a new stage____8____ separate universes are being created. This____9____(cause) by China’s fast rise, and a ___10___ (grow) gap between the U. S. and China on technology innovations that matter for the future. 【解析】 【导语】本文讲述中国企业家已经证明了他们可以创新。事实上，他们已经变得如此擅长创新，以至于西方现在正在模仿他们的想法。 1. 考查副词。句意为：但如果过去真是这样的话，现在肯定不是了。修饰句子，所以用副词。故填certainly。 2. 考查时态。句意为：中国企业家已经证明了他们可以创新。表示截止到现在的情况，所以用现在完成时态，且主语为复数名词entrepreneurs。故填have proved。 3. 考查人称代词。句意为：事实上，他们已经变得如此擅长创新。设空处指代前面句子提到的事情，用it替代。故填it。 4. 考查介词。句意为：以下是几个例子。当美国社交媒体巨头Facebook引入群聊和私人信息时，Facebook借鉴了微信的一些想法。borrow sth from意为“向…借”。故填from。 5. 考查冠词。句意为：以下是几个例子。当美国社交媒体巨头Facebook引入群聊和私人信息时，Facebook借鉴了微信的一些想法。设空处特指美国社交媒体巨头，所以用定冠词。故填the。 6. 考查名词的数。句意为：LmeBike复制了中国两大自行车共享公司Ofo和Mobike。前面有two，所以用复数名词。故填companies。 7. 考查形容词。句意为：中国之所以获得优势，是因为它能够超越一些较旧的西方技术，直接进入新技术领域，作定语修饰名词，所以用形容词。故填western。 8. 考查定语从句。句意为：我们正在进入一个新的阶段，在这个阶段中，不同的宇宙正在被创造。设空处引导定语从句，先行词为stage，在定语从句中作地点状语。故填where。 9. 考查语态一般现在时态的被动语态和主谓一致。句意为：这是由于中国的快速崛起，以及美国和中国在对未来至关重要的技术创新方面的差距越来越大。这里在描述一个客观事实，且主语和cause之间是被动关系，所以用一般现在时的被动语态，主语为this。故填is caused。 10. 考查现在分词。句意为：这是由于中国的快速崛起，以及美国和中国在对未来至关重要的技术创新方面的差距越来越大。设空处为非谓语动词，grow和它所修饰的词之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词作定语。故填growing。 2 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 I'm a Muslim. Once I was eating at a restaurant, where there was a father ___1___ （seat)next to my desk with his two girls. I ___2___（overhear)their conversation. The girls were ___3___（constant)asking about everything and anything. And I was fascinated by their ___4___（curious). One of the girls looked at me and asked," Daddy, why is she wearing that way?" Her dad responded ___5___ something that made my heart so warm. He said," There are different religions, cultures and languages. We have to respect and learn about them. "He then went on ___6___（share)his personal experience of living abroad and learning to speak Spanish. This reminded me of a Harvard study that I had read about. Children who ___7___（expose)to racism tend to accept and embrace ___8___as young as age 3,and in just a matter of days. Only at that time did I realize the importance of the way we teach children about love, acceptance, understanding and respect. It should start from an early age. The ___9___（early),the better. Kids imitate their parents' views and behaviour. It is you ___10___are their role model. 【解析】 1. 考查过去分词作后置定语。句意：我是穆斯林。有一次我在一家餐馆吃饭，一位父亲和他的两个女儿坐在我的桌子旁边。所给词seat是动词，意为“使坐下，使就座”，和a father之间是被动关系，是过去分词作后置定语。故填seated。 2. 考查一般过去时态。句意：我无意中听到他们的谈话。根据上文的Once“曾经”，说明在描述过去发生的事情，句子用一般过去时。故填overheard。 3. 考查副词。句意：姑娘们什么事都问个不停。asking是动词，由副词修饰。故填constantly。 4. 考查词性转换。句意：我被他们的好奇心所吸引。设空前的their是形容词性物主代词，修饰名词，curious的名词形式是curiosity。故填curiosity。 5. 考查介词。句意：她爸爸的回答让我的心很温暖。固定短语：respond with意为“回应”。故填with。 6. 考查动词不定式。句意：然后他继续分享他在国外生活和学习西班牙语的个人经历。此处表示“继续另一件事”，用go on to do sth.故填to share。 7. 考查一般现在时的被动语态和主谓一致。句意：接触过种族主义的孩子往往会在3岁时接受并拥抱它，而且只需要几天的时间。该句在描述一个客观事实，且Children 和expose之间是被动关系，是一般现在时的被动语态，Children是复数形式。故填are exposed。 8. 考查it的用法。句意：接触过种族主义的孩子往往会在3岁时接受并拥抱它，而且只需要几天的时间。此处用it指代上文提到的racism。故填it。 9. 考查比较级。句意：越早越好。固定结构：The +比较级，the+比较级，表示“越……，越……”。故填earlier。 10. 考查强调句型。句意：你才是他们的榜样。该句是强调句型，强调句子主语you，强调部分是人。故填that/who。 3 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In August 2014, paleoanthropologist (古人类学家)Yingqi Zhang and his team went down into a sinkhole on the hunt for Gigantopithecus, the largest known primate(灵长类动物)to ever live. They came back out with a mix of bones from the unfortunate ___1___ (creature) that had fallen into the natural "death trap". None of those bones belonged to the extinct ape, but the team was in for a surprise: The mix included a 22,000-year-old lower jaw from ___2___ ancient panda. And within its worn edges, the jaw contained ___3___ is now the world’s oldest sample of panda DNA. Moreover, the genetic evidence ___4___ (show) that the bone comes from a ___5___ (previous) unknown lineage of giant panda. This animal may have been specifically adapted to ___6___ (live) in its subtropical home, suggesting that the black-and-white beasts were once much ___7___ (diverse) than they are today, the authors argue in a paper ___8___ (publish) in the journal Current Biology. While the ___9___ (conclude) about panda diversity is probably not revolutionary, the team's work collecting ancient DNA from the degraded fossils is ___10___ great significance. 【解析】 1. 考查名词复数。句意：他们带回了一些不幸的生物的骨头，这些生物落入了自然的“死亡陷阱”。根据上文的a mix of bones可知，后面的名词creature用复数形式。故填creatures。 2. 考查不定冠词。句意：其中包括22000年前一只古代熊猫的下颚。名词panda是可数名词，不是复数形式，结合句意应该是单数，且ancient是以元音音素开头的词。故填an。 3. 考查宾语从句。句意：在其磨损的边缘，颌骨包含了世界上最古老的熊猫DNA样本。动词contained后面是宾语从句，从句缺少引导词，也缺少主语，所填连接词应其双重作用。故填what。 4. 考查一般现在时和主谓一致。句意：此外，遗传证据表明，这块骨头来自一个以前不为人知的大熊猫谱系。这里在描述客观事实，句子用一般现在时，且主语是evidence，单数第三人称。故填shows。 5. 考查副词。句意：此外，遗传证据表明，这块骨头来自一个以前不为人知的大熊猫谱系。空后的unknown事形容词，由副词修饰。故填previously。 6. 考查动名词作宾语。句意：作者在《当代生物学》杂志上发表的一篇论文中指出，这种动物可能特别适应了它在亚热带的生活，这表明这种黑白相间的动物曾经比现在更加多样化。动词短语adapt to“适应”，其中to是介词，后跟动名词作宾语。故填living。 7. 考查形容词比较级。句意：作者在《当代生物学》杂志上发表的一篇论文中指出，这种动物可能特别适应了它在亚热带的生活，这表明这种黑白相间的动物曾经比现在更加多样化。根据后面的连词than可知，设空处用比较级，形容词diverse的比较级是more diverse。故填more diverse。 8. 考查过去分词。句意：作者在《当代生物学》杂志上发表的一篇论文中指出，这种动物可能特别适应了它在亚热带的生活，这表明这种黑白相间的动物曾经比现在更加多样化。结合句意，所给词是非谓语动词，且a paper和publish之间是被动关系，是过去分词作后置定语。故填published。 9. 考查词性转换。句意：虽然关于大熊猫多样性的结论可能不是革命性的，但研究小组从退化的化石中收集古代DNA的工作意义重大。分析句子结构，此处用名词作主语，conclude的名词是conclusion，再根据后面的谓语动词is，名词用单数形式。故填conclusion。 10. 考查介词。句意：虽然关于大熊猫多样性的结论可能不是革命性的，但研究小组从退化的化石中收集古代DNA的工作意义重大。be + of +名词相当于be + 形容词。故填of。 4 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 Few words ___1___ (speak) more often every day on the streets of Britain than “I’m sorry”. This phrase has become such a common ____2____ (respond) that it has taken on a lot of meanings. Sorry means to apologize. This is simple and easy to understand. But in Britain, it takes on another meaning. It is a ___3___ (culture) expression. Imagine this: a man walks down the street, ____4____ (look) down at his phone. A woman is walking in the opposite direction, toward the man. She sees him, but she can’t get out of the way in time. The man ___5___ (knock) into the woman. Naturally, the man should say sorry, because it was he who wasn’t looking ___6___ he was going. Yet in Britain, it is common ____7____both to apologize. Other times ___8___ may sound funny to hear “sorry”. Some of my friends say it at restaurants, as they ask the waiter: “sorry, but can I order another drink?” It is not to apologize, ____9____ just to express that we need the waiter. In Britain, sorry doesn’t always mean ___10___ (exact) what you think. 【解析】 1. 考查被动语态。句意：在英国的大街上，很少有比“对不起”说得更多的话了。分析句子成分可知，动词“speak”在句中作谓语，与主语“Few words”之间是被动关系，应该用被动语态：be+动词过去分词；主语“Few words”是复数，谓语也用复数；根据时间状语“every day”可知，时态为一般现在时，所以此处用一般现在时的被动语态。故填are spoken。 2. 考查名词。句意：这个短语已经成为一种常见的回应，它被赋予了很多含义。such修饰名词。根据空前关键词a common，可知此空填名词，动词respond的名词形式是response。故填response。 3. 考查形容词。句意：它是一种文化表达。空后名词expression由形容词修饰，所给词culture的形容词是cultural。故填cultural。 4. 考查非谓语动词。句意：想象一下：一个男人走在街上，低头看他的手机。动词“look”在句中作非谓语，与逻辑主语“a man”之间是主动关系，应该用动词的现在分词形式。故填looking。 5. 考查动词时态。句意：这个男人撞到了这个女人。谁应该说对不起呢？由语境和上文动词形式“She sees him”可知，时态为一般现在时。故填knocks。 6. 考查宾语从句连接词。句意：自然，是这个男人应该说对不起，因为是他没有看路（他将要去哪里）。分析句子成分可知，“___6___ he was going”在句中作look的宾语，是宾语从句，设空处填where引导宾语从句，where在从句中作地点状语。故填where。 7. 考查固定结构。句意：然而在英国，双方都道歉是很常见的。句型it is +形容词+for sb. to do sth.意为“对某人来说，做某事是······”。此处符合句型结构it is +形容词+for sb. to do sth.。故填for。 8. 考查代词it。句意：其他时候听到“sorry”可能听起来很滑稽。句子真正的主语是“to hear “sorry””，此空作形式主语，应用it代替to do 不定式作形式主语。故填it。 9. 考查连词。句意：它不是道歉，而仅仅是表示我们需要服务生。固定结构not···but···意为“不是······而是······”。故填but。 10. 考查副词。句意：在英国，对不起并不总是和你想的完全一样。副词作状语，通常用来修饰动词、形容词、句子等。此空修饰宾语从句“what you think”，应用副词形式，形容词exact的副词是exactly。故填exactly。 5 Like many young children, Vikas Jyani dreamed of _____1_____ (be) a pilot as a boy. Living in a small village called Sarangpur in Hisar district, he did not let go of that dream and after years of struggle, ____2____ (succeed) in becoming a pilot. It was what he did after achieving his dream ____3____ would make headlines in the news. With his growing up, the elders in the village always encouraged him ____4____ (go) for his dreams. ____5____ turn, he promised that when he did become a pilot, he would take all of them together for a ride in a plane. And that was ____6____ (exact) what Vikas Jyani did when the time came. He arranged for plane ____7____ (ticket) for all the 22 elders over 70 years old in the village. The eldest was 90 years old, and the youngest was 72 years old, most of ___8___ had never been on a plane in their lives and never thought there was a ____9____ (possible) that they would take in the view from above the clouds. All the elders got to travel from New Delhi to Amritsar where they got to see the Golden Temple, Jallianwala Bagh and Wagah Border. Flying in a plane ____10____ (describe) as the best experience of their lives by many of the elders. 【解析】 【导语】 这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是VikasJyani是一个小男孩的时候就想成为一名飞行员，经过多年的努力，最终梦想成真，他兑现了当年对村庄里长辈的承诺，让他们都实现了坐飞机的梦想。 1. 考查动名词作宾语。句意：和许多孩子一样，维卡斯·Jyani从小就梦想成为一名飞行员。固定搭配：dream of doing sth.“梦想做某事”，其中介词of后面用动名词作宾语。故填being。 2. 考查一般过去时态。句意：他住在Hisar区一个叫Sarangpur的小村庄，他没有放弃那个梦想，经过多年的奋斗，成功地成为了一名飞行员。根据and可知此处是并列的表示过去的谓语动词，句子用一般过去时态。故填succeeded。 3. 考查强调句型。句意：就是他在实现梦想后所做的事成了新闻头条。强调句型：Itis/was+强调部分+that+其他。此处强调句子主语“what he did after achieving his dream”。故填that。 4. 考查固定结构。句意：随着他的成长，村里的长辈总是鼓励他去追求自己的梦想。固定结构：encourage sb. to do sth.“鼓励某人做某事”。此处是动词不定式作宾语补足语。故填to go。 5. 考查固定词组。句意：作为回报，他承诺当他成为一名飞行员时，他会带着他们一起乘飞机旅行。固定词组：in turn“反过来，转而”。故填In。 6. 考查副词。句意：时机一到，维卡斯·Jyani就这么做了。此处是副词修饰句子。故填exactly。 7. 考查名词复数。句意：他为村里22位70岁以上的老人安排了机票。ticket为可数名词，根据句中的all the 22 elders可知此处用名词复数。故填tickets。 8. 考查非限制性定语从句。句意：最大的90岁，最小的72岁，他们中的大多数人都从未坐过飞机，也从未想过自己有可能从云层上欣赏美景。此处the 22 elders是先行词，指人，在后面的非限制性定语从句中作介词of的宾语，介词后面的定语从句指人用whom，指物用which。故填whom。 9. 考查名词。句意：最大的90岁，最小的72岁，他们中的大多数人都从未坐过飞机，也从未想过自己有可能从云层上欣赏美景。不定冠词a用在名词前面，且名词后面是that引导的同位语从句。所给词possible是形容词，其名词形式是possibility。故填possibility。 10. 考查一般过去时态的被动语态。句意：许多老人都把坐飞机形容为他们一生中最好的经历。此处句子主语是动名词短语作主语，单数第三人称形式，和谓语动词describe之间是被动关系，且这里在讲述一个过去发生的事情，所以句子用一般过去时态的被动语态。故填was described。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$