04 语法填空(形容词和副词)-2025年高一暑假作业（语法填空）

04语法填空(形容词和副词)——2025年高一暑假作业 一. 形容词 I. 形容词高考语法填空中的常考点。主要从三个方面考查： 1. be动词、连系动词后面用形容词作表语，即：连系动词+形容词。常见的连系动词：be，look（看起来），smell（闻起来），taste（尝起来），sound（听起来），feel（觉得，感受到），remain（保持不变，一直是，仍需去做）；seem（似乎）；get（变得）；become（变成）；grow（渐渐变得）等。 例如：What he said sounded ______（reason）. 2. 形容词在名词前面作定语，修饰名词，即：形容词+名词。 例如：They also shared with us many ______（tradition）stories. 3. 形容词作宾语补足语，即：动词+宾语+宾语补足语（形容词）。 例如：I find the novel______（attract）. II. 形容词、副词比较级和最高级在高考语法填空中频繁出现。 1. 比较级表示“两者之间”进行比较，标志性词是“than”；最高级表示“三者或三者以上”程度最高的比较方式，形容词最高级前用定冠词the，副词最高级前的the可以省略。 2. 形容词比较级和最高级的构成。 (1). 在形容词或副词后加-er或-est变成比较级或最高级 a. 一般在形容词或副词后面加-er变成比较级，加-est变成最高级。如：small—smaller—smallest b. 以不发音字母e结尾，直接加-r或-st。如：nice—nicer—nicest c. 以辅音字母+y结尾，把y变成i，再加-er或-est。如：early—earlier—earliest d. 以重读闭音节结尾的词，双写最后一个辅音字母，再加-er或-est。如：big—bigger—biggest (2). 多音节词或部分双音节词前加more变成比较级，加most变成最高级。如：wonderful—more wonderful—the most wonderful (3). 不规则变化 good/well—better—best；bad/badly—worse—worst；little—less—least；far—farther/further—farthest/furthest；many/much—more—most 3. 比较级的特殊用法： (1)the+比较级，表示“两个当中更......的或较......的”。例如：Who is the younger of the two boys？（这两个男孩中谁年龄小?） (2)the+比较级，the+比较级，表示“越......，越......”。It is believed that the harder you work，the better result you’ll get.（人们相信，你越努力，你就会得到越好的结果。） (3)much/even/a lot/a little/any/still等+比较级，表示“加强语气”。He feels even happier.（他感到更高兴了。） (4)否定词no/not/nothing/nobody等+比较级，表示“最高级”的意思。I couldn't find a better answer.（这个答案是最好的。） (5). 表示一方不及另一方时，用“less +原级+than”的结构表示。 如：This room is less beautiful than that one. (6). 不与其他事物相比，表示本身程度的改变时，用“比较级 + and + 比较级”的结构，意思是“越来越……”。 如：The weather is getting colder and colder. The girl becomes more and more beautiful. (7). 某些以-ior结尾的形容词进行比较时，用to代替than。这些词有inferior（劣等的，次的）、superior（较好的，优于……）、junior（资历较浅的）、senior（资格较老的）、prior（在……之前）等。 He is superior to Mr. Zhang in chemistry. (8). 用介词by表示相差的程度。 He is taller than I by a head.他比我高一头。 (9). more.., than...表示“如其说……不如说……”。 It is more blue than green.如其说是绿的，不如说是蓝的。 二. 副词 副词几乎是每年的热点考点。副词修饰动词、形容词、其他副词、介词短语、整个句子等。考试时通常给你一个形容词，让你根据语境变成副词。形容词+ly后缀变成副词。常见的形容词变副词的规则是： 1. 一般是在形容词后面直接加ly，变成副词。 quiet——quietly（安静地） financial——financially（财政上，金融上） sharp——sharply（严厉地，急剧地，锋利地） particular——particularly（尤其地，特别地） poor——poorly（贫穷地，不充分地） actual——actually（实际上，事实上） recent——recently（最近） fair——fairly（相当地，公平地） official——officially（官方地，正式地） certain——certainly（无疑，确定，当然） 2. 以辅音字母+y结尾的形容词，把y变成i再加ly。 heavy——heavily lucky——luckily（幸运地） easy——easily（容易地） 3. polite——politely（有礼貌地） immediate——immediately（立刻，马上） fierce——fiercely（凶猛的，激烈地） brave——bravely（勇敢地） complete——completely（完全地，彻底地） huge——hugely（极度，巨大地） large——largely（很大程度上，主要地） remote——remotely（稍微，偏远地） fortunate——fortunately（幸运地） extreme——extremely（极度，非常） unfortunate——unfortunately（遗憾地） entire——entirely（完全地，完整地） close——closely（仔细地，严密地） wide——widely（普遍地，广泛地） 4. possible——possibly（可能地） probable——probably（可能地） comfortable——comfortably（舒适地） reasonable——reasonably（合乎情理地） simple——simply（简单地） gentle——gently（温柔地） terrible——terribly（糟糕地，可怕地） flexible——flexibly（灵活地） 5. true——truly（真实地） 6. full——fully（充分地） 7. whole——wholly（完全地，全部地） 温馨提示 1. -ly结尾的形容词： -ly是副词的后缀，但有些形容词以-ly结尾。 friendly友好的； sisterly姐妹般的； lovely可爱的； womanly像女人的； silly傻的； ugly丑陋的； elderly较老的； oily多油的； lonely孤独的。 2. 兼有两种形式的副词 ：不加ly表示具体概念，加ly表示抽象概念。 (1) close/closely close意为“靠近；挨近；接近”。如：He lives close to the school. 他住得靠近学校。 closely意为“紧密地；严密地；紧紧地；仔细地”。如： She is following the matter closely. 她正密切注视这一事件。 (2)deep/ deeply deep多用于具体的、有形的场合。如：They had to dig deep to find water. 他们必须挖得很深才能发现水。注意以下几个搭配：deep into the night到深夜；deep in reading a book专心致志地读书；deep in work (study, thought)埋头工作（学习，沉思） deeply多用于抽象的或比喻的场合，意为“深刻地；强烈地”。如： We love our motherland deeply. 我们深深地热爱我们的祖国。 (3)free /freely free常用在动词后面，意为“免费地；自由地”。如：You can eat free in my restaurant. 你可以免费在我的餐馆里吃饭。 freely意为“随意地；直率地；不受限制地；不受阻碍地”。如：You can speak freely in front of me. 在我面前你可以畅所欲言。 (4) hard/ hardly hard意为“努力地；猛烈地；费力地；用功地；拼命地”。如：It rained hard yesterday. 昨天下了大雨。 hardly意为“几乎不；简直没有”。如：I can hardly recognize him. 我几乎认不出他了。 (5) high/highly high作副词用时，指的是具体的“高”。如：We flew high in the sky. 我们在高空中飞行。 highly作副词用时，表示的是抽象的“高度”，意思相当于very much。如：He is highly paid. 他得到的待遇很高。 (6) late/lately late用作副词时，意为“迟到地；过晚地”。如：We always work late at night. 我们总是工作到深夜。 lately用作副词，意为“最近，不久之前”，相当于recently或not long ago。如： He hasn’t seen Jim lately. 他最近没有见到吉姆。 (7) most/mostly most是much的最高级，也可构成形容词和副词的最高级。如： Which part of the concert did you like most? 你最喜欢这场音乐会的哪一部分？在较正式的文体里，most用于加强语气，前面可以加不定冠词，意为“非常；极其”。 Hangzhou is a most beautiful city. 杭州是一个非常美丽的城市。 mostly意为“主要地；几乎全部；在大多数场合”。如：This drink is mostly sugar and water. 这种饮料的主要成分是糖和水。 (8)wide/widely wide作为副词，意为“广大地；张得很大、宽；充分地；全部地；完全地”，表示状态和结果。如：“Open your mouth wide,” said the doctor. 大夫说：“张大嘴。” widely作为副词，意为“广泛地；大大地；广博地；在许多地方”，表示程度和范围。如： English is widely used all over the world. 英语在全世界被广泛使用。 (9) dead/deadly dead作为副词，意为“突然地；完全地”。如：He was dead tired. 他极为疲倦。 The wind was dead against us. 风向突然对我们不利了。 deadly作为副词，意为“死一般地；极度地；致命地”。如：deadly pale死人似的苍白 deadly serious极端严重 (10) direct/directly direct作为副词，意为“直线地；不绕圈子地”。如：The train goes there direct. 火车直达。 directly作为副词，意为“直接地（反义为间接地）；立刻；马上”。如：She answered me very directly and openly. 她公开而直接地回答了我。I’ll be there directly. 我马上到。 三. 倍数的表达的常用句型 1. A is three / four...times the size / height / length / width...of B. 如： The newly broadened square id four times the size of the previous one. 新扩建的广场是未扩建时的四倍大。 2. A is three / four...times as big / high / long / wide...as B. 如： This tree is three times as tall as that one. 这棵树是那棵树的三倍高。 3. A is three / four...times bigger / higher / longer / wider...than B. 如： The dictionary is exactly five times more expensive than that one. 这本字典比那本恰好贵5倍。 【注意】用times表示倍数时,一般只限于三倍或三倍以上的数,表示两倍常用twice或double。 四. 单句语法填空精讲 1. Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat _____ (slow) during cool nights，thus warming the house. 2. As ________(nature) architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly ________thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days. 3. A few hours ________(early)， I'd been at home in Hong Kong. 4. And the town is fast becoming a popular weekend destination for people in Asia. Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it ________(regular) arranges quick getaways here for people ________(live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong. 5. The river was so polluted that it ____(actual)caught fire and burned. 6. Finally, that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is ____(clean) than ever. 7. While there are ____(amaze) stories of instant transformation, for most of us the ____(change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river. Just be ____(patience). 8. There were many people waiting at the bus stop, ____ some of them looked very anxious and ____(disappoint). 9. Everyone on the bus began talking about what the boy had done, and the crowd of strangers ____(sudden) became friendly to one another. 10.The teacher replied, “You tasted the water. I tasted the gift. The water was simply the container for an act of kindness and love. Nothing could be ______ (sweet).” 11.I left it early because I had an appointment ______ (late) that day. 12.It might have made it a little ______ (hard) for everybody because it meant they had to turn around, but that didn’t stop the kids in the class. 五. 优秀语法填空精选 1 阅读下面材料， 在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 Brighton is the 56 (health)city in Britain with the highest level of personal trainers, yoga clubs and health food stores, according to a survey related on Friday. The survey,   57   looks at 19 statistics covering health,   58   （fit）and environment, says Brighton has the highest number of residents   59    (eat) at least five kinds of fruit and vegetables a day. The survey,   60    (conduct) for the Sky Travel channel, has compared 15 cities across the UK. It says Brighton residents live   61    an average age of 78 years old. They are twice as likely   62    (walk) or cycle to work as the people living in other parts of Britain.  In   63   （compare）with the national average, Brighton has nearly a third more health food stores and personal trainers than   64    in any other city in Britain. It has twice many yoga clubs, and the level of fat residents is below the national average.  Meanwhile,   65   survey also finds that Brighton residents have the best levels of cholesterol (胆固醇) and blood pressure in Britain.  温馨提示： 形容词在语法填空中的考查 1. 形容词原级 A+ is as +形容词原级+as +B./ A+ is not as/so +形容词原级+as +B. 2.形容词比较级 （1）A is +比较级+ than +B. The city is more beautiful than that one. (2)much/even/any/a little/a lot/still等放在比较级前面修饰比较级。He felt even happier. (3) the+比较级，the+比较级，表示“越……越……”。如: The more we do for the people，the happier we'll be. 我们为人民做得越多，就越幸福。 The more，the better. 多多益善。 （4）the+比较级，表示两个当中的“较---，更---”。There are two apples on the table and I want the bigger one.桌子上有两个苹果，我想要更大的那一个。 3.形容词最高级 形容词最高级放在句子当中的时候前面要加定冠词the；a+ most +形容词原级+单数名词 表示“非常---”。如：Shijiazhuang is the most beautiful city of the three.石家庄是这三个城市中最美丽的.。Shijiazhuang is a most beautiful city.石家庄是一个非常美丽的城市。 4.形容词变成副词或名词 （1）He is waiting for his mother____(patient).他正在耐心地等她的妈妈。此处是副词修饰动词故填patiently. （2）The job needs ______(patient).这份工作需要耐心。此处用名词做宾语，故填patience. 5.形容词加否定前缀或后缀变成了相反的意思 （1）He says to others rudely, so I think he is _____(polite).他粗鲁地对别人说话，所以我认为他是不礼貌的。此处仍然用形容词，但意思要相反，故填impolite. （2）He failed in the exam, so he thought he was a___(hope) student.他在考试中失败了，所以他认为他是一个没有希望的学生。此处是形容词修饰名词，但是hope有两个形容词hopeful/hopeless,根据句意可知填hopeless。 2 As an old English saying goes, “honesty is the best policy.” It is more than an old cliché（陈词滥调）, but 56 good way to live your life.  First, honesty is the  57  (easy) choice that we can make. When people get caught in lies, it always costs them something. Many relationships are destroyed by lies. Second, honesty gives us much  58  (free). Many people believe that being honest limits them in life, but that is not true. Sooner or later those dishonest people  59  (pay) a price for their acts; on the contrary, when we are honest, we are  60  (true) free. If there were two people  61  (stand) before you, a person with a record of being honest and a person  62  is known to be dishonest, who would you be more likely 63  (believe) I’m sure most people would side with the honest person. Either we live in the truth 64 we live in lies. Truth sets us free and lies leave us in nothing but more troubles. Honesty is a choice that we make each day. The choice is  65  (you). What will you choose  3 On keeping a Diary in English Keeping a diary in English is one of the __1__ (effect) ways to improve our English writing ability. __2__ (compare) with other forms of writing, it is shorter and takes __3__（little）time. It can help us to develop the habit of thinking in English. __4__ we persist in this practice, __5__（gradual）we’ll learn how to express ourselves in English. In keeping a diary in English, we certainly run up against many difficulties. In the first place, __6__ often happens that we have trouble finding appropriate words and phrases to give expression to our mind. Secondly, there are many idiomatic ways of saying things in Chinese. And it is extremely hard for us to put them into English properly. As far as I am concerned, my __7__ (suggest) is that we should always have a notebook and a Chinese-English dictionary __8__ easy reach. Whenever something beats us, we can first put it down in our notebook and then consult our dictionary. We can also turn to our English teacher for help, if necessary. In short, I believe that it is __9__ great use to keep a diary in English for the ____（develop）of our writing skills. 4 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。  New Year’s Eve is the last day of the year. It is always an exciting time because people look forward to __1__ (welcome) a new year. It is also a good time to think back and say goodbye to the old year. New Year’s Eve is a __2__ (nation) holiday for many people around the world. In a lot of countries , people go back to their hometown for the New Year, so usually the trains and buses __3__ (pack) with people. In England, there is always a New Year’s Eve party, __4__ is usually held at someone’s home and the host invites friends, families and neighbors. The living room becomes a mini disco as everyone dances ___5__ loud music. I have lots of good ___6__ (memory) of New Year’s Eve . I once spent one freezing New Year’s Eve in Trafalgar Square in the center of London. It snowed and was ___7__ (bitter) cold . I also spent many wonderful New Year’s Eves in Japan. There, it is a tradition __8__(visit) a shrine(圣坛)and pray for good things. I think wherever you are, New Year’s Eve is always ___9__ exciting day. Maybe the last way to welcome the New Year ___10__ (be)watching amazing fireworks displays in the world’s cities. 5 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 With the development of modem technology, people can stay ________ (connect) with their families and friends easily, however far apart they are from each other. WeChat is one of the most ________ (frequent) used means of communication in China. It is reported that the number of the WeChat users ________ (reach) over 1.1billion so far. Once joining the WeChat, people can find more and more people start to add them ________ friends. They don't have to consider time ________ (zone) when communicating. Another reason why ifs so popular is that it costs nothing. It's also very convenient for people to immediately update ________ they are doing by WeChat. However, addiction to WeChat will rob people of the time that should otherwise ________ (spend) on something more important. And the many so-called friends on it are not really friends at all, who simply want ________ (put) ads or sell items on Moments. Besides, people on the Wechat are more likely to compare ________ (they) with others, which will make them feel bad when finding some people seem to be ________ (success). 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 04语法填空(形容词和副词)——2025年高一暑假作业 一. 形容词 I. 形容词高考语法填空中的常考点。主要从三个方面考查： 1. be动词、连系动词后面用形容词作表语，即：连系动词+形容词。常见的连系动词：be，look（看起来），smell（闻起来），taste（尝起来），sound（听起来），feel（觉得，感受到），remain（保持不变，一直是，仍需去做）；seem（似乎）；get（变得）；become（变成）；grow（渐渐变得）等。 例如：What he said sounded ______（reason）. 【答案】reasonable 【解析】考查形容词作表语。句意：他的话听起来很有道理。 句中sound是连系动词，意为“听起来”，所以后面用形容词作表语，所给词reason的形容词是reasonable“合情合理的”。故答案为reasonable。 2. 形容词在名词前面作定语，修饰名词，即：形容词+名词。 例如：They also shared with us many ______（tradition）stories. 【答案】traditional 【解析】考查形容词作定语。句意：他们还和我们分享了许多传统的故事。空后stories是名词，由形容词修饰，所给词tradition是名词，其形容词是traditional，在句中作定语修饰stories。故答案为traditional。 3. 形容词作宾语补足语，即：动词+宾语+宾语补足语（形容词）。 例如：I find the novel______（attract）. 【答案】attractive 【解析】考查形容词作宾语补足语。句意：我觉得这本小说很吸引人。固定结构：find+宾语+宾语补足语（形容词）。这里用形容词作宾语补足语，所给词attract是动词，其形容词是attractive“有吸引力的”。故答案为attractive。 II. 形容词、副词比较级和最高级在高考语法填空中频繁出现。 1. 比较级表示“两者之间”进行比较，标志性词是“than”；最高级表示“三者或三者以上”程度最高的比较方式，形容词最高级前用定冠词the，副词最高级前的the可以省略。 2. 形容词比较级和最高级的构成。 (1). 在形容词或副词后加-er或-est变成比较级或最高级 a. 一般在形容词或副词后面加-er变成比较级，加-est变成最高级。如：small—smaller—smallest b. 以不发音字母e结尾，直接加-r或-st。如：nice—nicer—nicest c. 以辅音字母+y结尾，把y变成i，再加-er或-est。如：early—earlier—earliest d. 以重读闭音节结尾的词，双写最后一个辅音字母，再加-er或-est。如：big—bigger—biggest (2). 多音节词或部分双音节词前加more变成比较级，加most变成最高级。如：wonderful—more wonderful—the most wonderful (3). 不规则变化 good/well—better—best；bad/badly—worse—worst；little—less—least；far—farther/further—farthest/furthest；many/much—more—most 3. 比较级的特殊用法： (1)the+比较级，表示“两个当中更......的或较......的”。例如：Who is the younger of the two boys？（这两个男孩中谁年龄小?） (2)the+比较级，the+比较级，表示“越......，越......”。It is believed that the harder you work，the better result you’ll get.（人们相信，你越努力，你就会得到越好的结果。） (3)much/even/a lot/a little/any/still等+比较级，表示“加强语气”。He feels even happier.（他感到更高兴了。） (4)否定词no/not/nothing/nobody等+比较级，表示“最高级”的意思。I couldn't find a better answer.（这个答案是最好的。） (5). 表示一方不及另一方时，用“less +原级+than”的结构表示。 如：This room is less beautiful than that one. (6). 不与其他事物相比，表示本身程度的改变时，用“比较级 + and + 比较级”的结构，意思是“越来越……”。 如：The weather is getting colder and colder. The girl becomes more and more beautiful. (7). 某些以-ior结尾的形容词进行比较时，用to代替than。这些词有inferior（劣等的，次的）、superior（较好的，优于……）、junior（资历较浅的）、senior（资格较老的）、prior（在……之前）等。 He is superior to Mr. Zhang in chemistry. (8). 用介词by表示相差的程度。 He is taller than I by a head.他比我高一头。 (9). more.., than...表示“如其说……不如说……”。 It is more blue than green.如其说是绿的，不如说是蓝的。 二. 副词 副词几乎是每年的热点考点。副词修饰动词、形容词、其他副词、介词短语、整个句子等。考试时通常给你一个形容词，让你根据语境变成副词。形容词+ly后缀变成副词。常见的形容词变副词的规则是： 1. 一般是在形容词后面直接加ly，变成副词。 quiet——quietly（安静地） financial——financially（财政上，金融上） sharp——sharply（严厉地，急剧地，锋利地） particular——particularly（尤其地，特别地） poor——poorly（贫穷地，不充分地） actual——actually（实际上，事实上） recent——recently（最近） fair——fairly（相当地，公平地） official——officially（官方地，正式地） certain——certainly（无疑，确定，当然） 2. 以辅音字母+y结尾的形容词，把y变成i再加ly。 heavy——heavily lucky——luckily（幸运地） easy——easily（容易地） 3. polite——politely（有礼貌地） immediate——immediately（立刻，马上） fierce——fiercely（凶猛的，激烈地） brave——bravely（勇敢地） complete——completely（完全地，彻底地） huge——hugely（极度，巨大地） large——largely（很大程度上，主要地） remote——remotely（稍微，偏远地） fortunate——fortunately（幸运地） extreme——extremely（极度，非常） unfortunate——unfortunately（遗憾地） entire——entirely（完全地，完整地） close——closely（仔细地，严密地） wide——widely（普遍地，广泛地） 4. possible——possibly（可能地） probable——probably（可能地） comfortable——comfortably（舒适地） reasonable——reasonably（合乎情理地） simple——simply（简单地） gentle——gently（温柔地） terrible——terribly（糟糕地，可怕地） flexible——flexibly（灵活地） 5. true——truly（真实地） 6. full——fully（充分地） 7. whole——wholly（完全地，全部地） 温馨提示 1. -ly结尾的形容词： -ly是副词的后缀，但有些形容词以-ly结尾。 friendly友好的； sisterly姐妹般的； lovely可爱的； womanly像女人的； silly傻的； ugly丑陋的； elderly较老的； oily多油的； lonely孤独的。 2. 兼有两种形式的副词 ：不加ly表示具体概念，加ly表示抽象概念。 (1) close/closely close意为“靠近；挨近；接近”。如：He lives close to the school. 他住得靠近学校。 closely意为“紧密地；严密地；紧紧地；仔细地”。如： She is following the matter closely. 她正密切注视这一事件。 (2)deep/ deeply deep多用于具体的、有形的场合。如：They had to dig deep to find water. 他们必须挖得很深才能发现水。注意以下几个搭配：deep into the night到深夜；deep in reading a book专心致志地读书；deep in work (study, thought)埋头工作（学习，沉思） deeply多用于抽象的或比喻的场合，意为“深刻地；强烈地”。如： We love our motherland deeply. 我们深深地热爱我们的祖国。 (3)free /freely free常用在动词后面，意为“免费地；自由地”。如：You can eat free in my restaurant. 你可以免费在我的餐馆里吃饭。 freely意为“随意地；直率地；不受限制地；不受阻碍地”。如：You can speak freely in front of me. 在我面前你可以畅所欲言。 (4) hard/ hardly hard意为“努力地；猛烈地；费力地；用功地；拼命地”。如：It rained hard yesterday. 昨天下了大雨。 hardly意为“几乎不；简直没有”。如：I can hardly recognize him. 我几乎认不出他了。 (5) high/highly high作副词用时，指的是具体的“高”。如：We flew high in the sky. 我们在高空中飞行。 highly作副词用时，表示的是抽象的“高度”，意思相当于very much。如：He is highly paid. 他得到的待遇很高。 (6) late/lately late用作副词时，意为“迟到地；过晚地”。如：We always work late at night. 我们总是工作到深夜。 lately用作副词，意为“最近，不久之前”，相当于recently或not long ago。如： He hasn’t seen Jim lately. 他最近没有见到吉姆。 (7) most/mostly most是much的最高级，也可构成形容词和副词的最高级。如： Which part of the concert did you like most? 你最喜欢这场音乐会的哪一部分？在较正式的文体里，most用于加强语气，前面可以加不定冠词，意为“非常；极其”。 Hangzhou is a most beautiful city. 杭州是一个非常美丽的城市。 mostly意为“主要地；几乎全部；在大多数场合”。如：This drink is mostly sugar and water. 这种饮料的主要成分是糖和水。 (8)wide/widely wide作为副词，意为“广大地；张得很大、宽；充分地；全部地；完全地”，表示状态和结果。如：“Open your mouth wide,” said the doctor. 大夫说：“张大嘴。” widely作为副词，意为“广泛地；大大地；广博地；在许多地方”，表示程度和范围。如： English is widely used all over the world. 英语在全世界被广泛使用。 (9) dead/deadly dead作为副词，意为“突然地；完全地”。如：He was dead tired. 他极为疲倦。 The wind was dead against us. 风向突然对我们不利了。 deadly作为副词，意为“死一般地；极度地；致命地”。如：deadly pale死人似的苍白 deadly serious极端严重 (10) direct/directly direct作为副词，意为“直线地；不绕圈子地”。如：The train goes there direct. 火车直达。 directly作为副词，意为“直接地（反义为间接地）；立刻；马上”。如：She answered me very directly and openly. 她公开而直接地回答了我。I’ll be there directly. 我马上到。 三. 倍数的表达的常用句型 1. A is three / four...times the size / height / length / width...of B. 如： The newly broadened square id four times the size of the previous one. 新扩建的广场是未扩建时的四倍大。 2. A is three / four...times as big / high / long / wide...as B. 如： This tree is three times as tall as that one. 这棵树是那棵树的三倍高。 3. A is three / four...times bigger / higher / longer / wider...than B. 如： The dictionary is exactly five times more expensive than that one. 这本字典比那本恰好贵5倍。 【注意】用times表示倍数时,一般只限于三倍或三倍以上的数,表示两倍常用twice或double。 四. 单句语法填空精讲 1. Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat _____ (slow) during cool nights，thus warming the house. 【解析】考查副词。句意：用土坯砌成的墙壁在炎热的日子里会吸收太阳的热量，在凉爽的夜晚又会缓慢地散发这些热量，从而为房屋供暖。根据空格前面的give out that heat和后面的during cool nights可知，这里使用副词修饰动词短语give out。故填slowly。 2. As ________(nature) architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly ________thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days. 【解析】考查形容词。句意：作为天生的建筑大师，普韦布洛印第安人精确地计算出了黏土砖墙的厚度，以确保这种循环模式在大多数日子里都能正常运行。结合空格后面的architects可知此处要用形容词作定语修饰后面的名词，因此填natural。 【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：作为天生的建筑大师，普韦布洛印第安人精确地计算出了黏土砖墙的厚度，以确保这种循环模式在大多数日子里都能正常运行。根据空格后面的thick是一个形容词，因此用how引导宾语从句，作figured out 的宾语。故填how。 3. A few hours ________(early)， I'd been at home in Hong Kong. 【解析】考查副词的用法。句意：几个小时前，“我”在香港的家里。此处应该用early的比较级。故填earlier。 4. And the town is fast becoming a popular weekend destination for people in Asia. Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it ________(regular) arranges quick getaways here for people ________(live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong. 【解析】考查副词的用法。句意：而且这个小镇正迅速成为亚洲地区颇受欢迎的周末度假胜地。香港的一家旅游公司“阿伯克龙比&肯特”表示，他们经常为居住在上海和香港的游客安排来这里的一日游行程。这里用副词修饰动词。故填regularly。 【解析】考查现在分词作定语。句意：而且这个小镇正迅速成为亚洲地区颇受欢迎的周末度假胜地。香港的一家旅游公司“阿伯克龙比&肯特”表示，他们经常为居住在上海和香港的游客安排来这里的一日游行程。此处people和live之间是主动关系，是现在分词作后置定语。故填living。 5. The river was so polluted that it ____(actual)caught fire and burned. 【解析】考查副词。句意：这条河被污染得如此严重，以至于竟然发生了起火燃烧的状况。这里应该用副词来修饰动词caught。故填actually。 6. Finally, that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is ____(clean) than ever. 【解析】考查比较级。句意：最终，所有的努力都得到了回报，如今河里的水比以往任何时候都要清澈了。根据后面的比较连词than可知这里应该用比较级。故填cleaner。 7. While there are ____(amaze) stories of instant transformation, for most of us the ____(change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river. Just be ____(patience). 【解析】考查形容词。句意：虽然有一些令人惊叹的瞬间转变的故事，但对于大多数人而言，变化是渐进的，需要付出大量的努力和工作，就像清理一条被污染的河流一样。空格处应该用形容词来修饰后面的名词。amazing令人吃惊的；amazed感到吃惊的。设空处后面是名词stories。故填amazing。 【解析】考查名词复数。句意：虽然有一些令人惊叹的瞬间转变的故事，但对于大多数人而言，变化是渐进的，需要付出大量的努力和工作，就像清理一条被污染的河流一样。对于我们大多数人来说，变化是逐渐的，需要很多努力和工作。因为这里缺少的是句子的主语，根据谓语动词are可知主语应该是复数，故用changes。 【解析】考查形容词。句意：耐心点：告诉别人要有耐心，等待事情发展或解决。patience是名词，因为空格前有系动词be，所以这里应该用形容词patient。故填patient。 8. There were many people waiting at the bus stop, ____ some of them looked very anxious and ____(disappoint). 【解析】考查并列连词。句意：有许多人在公交站等候，其中一些人看起来既焦急又失望。根据语境可知上下文之间是并列的递进关系，由并列连词and连接。故填and。 【解析】考查形容词。句意：有许多人在公交站等候，其中一些人看起来既焦急又失望。本句的主语是some of them，所以使用形容词作表语，与形容词anxious并列。故填disappointed。 9. Everyone on the bus began talking about what the boy had done, and the crowd of strangers ____(sudden) became friendly to one another. 【解析】考查副词。句意：公交车上的每个人都开始谈论那个男孩所做的事，原本陌生的乘客们此刻也变得彼此友好起来。此处应该使用副词来修饰句子的谓语动词became，在句中作状语。故填suddenly。 10.The teacher replied, “You tasted the water. I tasted the gift. The water was simply the container for an act of kindness and love. Nothing could be ______ (sweet).” 【解析】考查比较级。句意：什么也不会比这更甜，也就是说，这是世界上最甜的东西。此处是否定词与比较级构成最高级。故填sweeter。 11.I left it early because I had an appointment ______ (late) that day. 【解析】考查比较级。句意：我提前离开了，因为当天晚些时候我还有个约会。根据前面的early可知，此处指那天“晚点时候”，所以late用比较级。故填later。 12.It might have made it a little ______ (hard) for everybody because it meant they had to turn around, but that didn’t stop the kids in the class. 【解析】 考查比较级。句意：这或许让每个人都感到有些不便，因为这意味着他们得转身，但孩子们并没有因此而退缩。句中a little修饰比较级harder，表示“更难一点”作宾补。故填harder。 五. 优秀语法填空精选 1 阅读下面材料， 在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 Brighton is the 56 (health)city in Britain with the highest level of personal trainers, yoga clubs and health food stores, according to a survey related on Friday. The survey,   57   looks at 19 statistics covering health,   58   （fit）and environment, says Brighton has the highest number of residents   59    (eat) at least five kinds of fruit and vegetables a day. The survey,   60    (conduct) for the Sky Travel channel, has compared 15 cities across the UK. It says Brighton residents live   61    an average age of 78 years old. They are twice as likely   62    (walk) or cycle to work as the people living in other parts of Britain.  In   63   （compare）with the national average, Brighton has nearly a third more health food stores and personal trainers than   64    in any other city in Britain. It has twice many yoga clubs, and the level of fat residents is below the national average.  Meanwhile,   65   survey also finds that Brighton residents have the best levels of cholesterol (胆固醇) and blood pressure in Britain.  【解析】 56. 考查最高级。句意：在英国Brighton是最健康的城市。health意为“健康”，是名词，-其形容词是healthy“健康的”，根据句意可知此处用形容词的最高级。故填healthiest。 57. 考查定语从句。句意：这项调查涵盖了健康、健身和环境方面的 19 项数据。结果显示，布赖顿市居民每天至少食用五种水果和蔬菜的人数最多。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，survey作先行词，句子缺少主语。故填which。 58. 考查名词。句意：这项调查涵盖了健康、健身和环境方面的 19 项数据。结果显示，布赖顿市居民每天至少食用五种水果和蔬菜的人数最多。此处是并列的三个名词，fit是形容词，其名词是fitness。故填fitness。 59. 考查现在分词。句意：这项调查涵盖了健康、健身和环境方面的 19 项数据。结果显示，布赖顿市居民每天至少食用五种水果和蔬菜的人数最多。此处 residents和eat之间是主动关系，是现在分词作定语修饰前面的residents。故填eating。 60. 考查过去分词。句意：这项针对“天空旅行”频道开展的调查，对英国的 15 个城市进行了比较。此处考查过去分词作定语，survey和conduct之间是被动关系。故填conducted。 61. 考查介词。句意：上面写道，布赖顿居民的平均寿命为 78 岁。固定搭配：live to活到---，Brighton的居民能平均货到78岁。故填to。 62. 考查动词不定式。句意：他们步行或骑车上班的可能性是英国其他地区居民的两倍。固定结构：be likely to do很可能做某事。故填to walk。 63. 考查名词。句意：与全国平均水平相比，布赖顿的健康食品店数量和私人教练数量均比英国其他任何城市都要多近三分之一。固定词组：in comparison with与---相比较。故填comparison。 64. 考查指代。句意：与全国平均水平相比，布赖顿的健康食品店数量和私人教练数量均比英国其他任何城市都要多近三分之一。health food stores and personal trainers是复数形式，所以用those来替代。故填those。 65. 考查冠词。句意：与此同时，该调查还发现，布赖顿居民的胆固醇和血压水平在英国是最高的。此处特指上面提到的“survey”。故填the。 温馨提示： 形容词在语法填空中的考查 1. 形容词原级 A+ is as +形容词原级+as +B./ A+ is not as/so +形容词原级+as +B. 2.形容词比较级 （1）A is +比较级+ than +B. The city is more beautiful than that one. (2)much/even/any/a little/a lot/still等放在比较级前面修饰比较级。He felt even happier. (3) the+比较级，the+比较级，表示“越……越……”。如: The more we do for the people，the happier we'll be. 我们为人民做得越多，就越幸福。 The more，the better. 多多益善。 （4）the+比较级，表示两个当中的“较---，更---”。There are two apples on the table and I want the bigger one.桌子上有两个苹果，我想要更大的那一个。 3.形容词最高级 形容词最高级放在句子当中的时候前面要加定冠词the；a+ most +形容词原级+单数名词 表示“非常---”。如：Shijiazhuang is the most beautiful city of the three.石家庄是这三个城市中最美丽的.。Shijiazhuang is a most beautiful city.石家庄是一个非常美丽的城市。 4.形容词变成副词或名词 （1）He is waiting for his mother____(patient).他正在耐心地等她的妈妈。此处是副词修饰动词故填patiently. （2）The job needs ______(patient).这份工作需要耐心。此处用名词做宾语，故填patience. 5.形容词加否定前缀或后缀变成了相反的意思 （1）He says to others rudely, so I think he is _____(polite).他粗鲁地对别人说话，所以我认为他是不礼貌的。此处仍然用形容词，但意思要相反，故填impolite. （2）He failed in the exam, so he thought he was a___(hope) student.他在考试中失败了，所以他认为他是一个没有希望的学生。此处是形容词修饰名词，但是hope有两个形容词hopeful/hopeless,根据句意可知填hopeless。 2 As an old English saying goes, “honesty is the best policy.” It is more than an old cliché（陈词滥调）, but 56 good way to live your life.  First, honesty is the  57  (easy) choice that we can make. When people get caught in lies, it always costs them something. Many relationships are destroyed by lies. Second, honesty gives us much  58  (free). Many people believe that being honest limits them in life, but that is not true. Sooner or later those dishonest people  59  (pay) a price for their acts; on the contrary, when we are honest, we are  60  (true) free. If there were two people  61  (stand) before you, a person with a record of being honest and a person  62  is known to be dishonest, who would you be more likely 63  (believe) I’m sure most people would side with the honest person. Either we live in the truth 64 we live in lies. Truth sets us free and lies leave us in nothing but more troubles. Honesty is a choice that we make each day. The choice is  65  (you). What will you choose  【解析】 56. 考查不定冠词。句意：这已不再只是陈词滥调，而是一种值得践行的生活方式。故填a。 57. 考查最高级。句意：诚实是我们能做出的最容易的方法。空格前面有定冠词the，设空处应用最高级。故填easiest。 58. 考查名词。句意：诚实给我们很多自由。much修饰不可数名词，free的名词是freedom。故填freedom。 59. 考查一般将来时态。句意：迟早那些不诚实的人会为他们的行为付出代价。根据Sooner or later可知句子用一般将来时态，故填will pay。 60. 考查副词。句意：相反，当我们坦诚面对时，我们才是真正的自由之人。free意为“自由的”，是形容词，由true的副词truly修饰，副词修饰。故填truly 。 61. 考查现在分词。句意：如果有两个人站在你面前，一个是有着诚实记录的人，另一个则是众所周知的不诚实之人，你会更倾向于相信哪一方呢？我敢肯定，大多数人会选择相信那个诚实的人。此处two people和stand之间是主动关系，是现在分词作定语修饰前面的名词people。故填standing。 62. 考查定语从句。句意：如果有两个人站在你面前，一个是有着诚实记录的人，另一个则是众所周知的不诚实之人，你会更倾向于相信哪一方呢？我敢肯定，大多数人会选择相信那个诚实的人。设空处引导定语从句，根据句意a person 是先行词，指人，从句缺主语。故填who/that。 63. 考查动词不定式。句意：如果有两个人站在你面前，一个是有着诚实记录的人，另一个则是众所周知的不诚实之人，你会更倾向于相信哪一方呢？我敢肯定，大多数人会选择相信那个诚实的人。固定结构：be likely to do sth.很可能做某事。故填to believe。 64. 考查连词。句意：要么我们生活在真相之中，要么我们生活在谎言之中。固定搭配：either---or---,要么---要么---，either位于句子开头，大写，故填or。 65. 考查名词性物主代词。句意：选择是你的。可知此处用名词性物主代词。故填yours。 3 On keeping a Diary in English Keeping a diary in English is one of the __1__ (effect) ways to improve our English writing ability. __2__ (compare) with other forms of writing, it is shorter and takes __3__（little）time. It can help us to develop the habit of thinking in English. __4__ we persist in this practice, __5__（gradual）we’ll learn how to express ourselves in English. In keeping a diary in English, we certainly run up against many difficulties. In the first place, __6__ often happens that we have trouble finding appropriate words and phrases to give expression to our mind. Secondly, there are many idiomatic ways of saying things in Chinese. And it is extremely hard for us to put them into English properly. As far as I am concerned, my __7__ (suggest) is that we should always have a notebook and a Chinese-English dictionary __8__ easy reach. Whenever something beats us, we can first put it down in our notebook and then consult our dictionary. We can also turn to our English teacher for help, if necessary. In short, I believe that it is __9__ great use to keep a diary in English for the ____（develop）of our writing skills. 【答案】1. effective 2. Compared 3. less 4. If 5. gradually 6. it 7. suggestion 8. within 9. of 10. development 【解析】 【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要讲述用英语写日记的好处。 1. 考查形容词。句意：用英语记日记是提高我们写作能力的有效方法之一。此处在句中作定语，修饰中心词ways，因此用形容词。故填effective。 2. 考查非谓语动词。句意：与其他形式的写作相比，日记更短，花费的时间更少。此处在句中作状语，且compare与句子主语it之间是逻辑动宾关系，应使用过去分词，表被动；此处位于句首，因此首字母要大写。故填Compared。 3. 考查形容词比较级。句意：与其他形式的写作相比，日记更短，花费的时间更少。根据句意以及句中shorter and 可知and之后要用形容词的比较级构成并列结构，time是不可数名词，应用形容词little的比较级less修饰。故填less。 4. 考查从属连词。句意：如果我们坚持这种做法，渐渐就学会怎样用英语表达自己。此句用if引导条件状语从句，意为“如果”，而且在句首，首字母应大写。故填If。 5. 考查副词。句意：如果我们坚持这种做法，渐渐就学会怎样用英语表达自己。反身代词指代主语，使施动者把动作在形式上反射到施动者自己。副词修饰主语中的动词learn。故填gradually。 6. 考查形式主语。句意：首先，我们常常很难找到合适的词语来表达我们的思想。此处代替句中的主语从句that we have trouble finding proper words and phrases to give expression to our mind，因此用形式主语it。It happens that...意为“碰巧……”。故填it。 7. 考查名词。句意：就我而言，我的建议是我们应该随时准备一本笔记本和一本汉英词典。空前my是形容词性物主代词，修饰名词，suggest的名词是suggestion，再根据谓语动词is，用单数名词。故填suggestion。 8. 考查介词。句意：就我而言，我的建议是我们应该随时准备一本笔记本和一本汉英词典。固定短语：within easy reach“容易够得着，近在咫尺”。故填within。 9. 考查固定搭配中的介词。句意：总之，我相信用英语写日记对提高我们的写作能力是很有用的。be of +抽象名词，表示人或物的特征；be of great use= be very useful意为“是很有用的”。故填of。 10. 考查词性转换。句意：总之，我相信用英语写日记对提高我们的写作能力是很有用的。分析句子结构the ____（develop）of 可知，此处用develop的名词形式development。故填development。 4 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。  New Year’s Eve is the last day of the year. It is always an exciting time because people look forward to __1__ (welcome) a new year. It is also a good time to think back and say goodbye to the old year. New Year’s Eve is a __2__ (nation) holiday for many people around the world. In a lot of countries , people go back to their hometown for the New Year, so usually the trains and buses __3__ (pack) with people. In England, there is always a New Year’s Eve party, __4__ is usually held at someone’s home and the host invites friends, families and neighbors. The living room becomes a mini disco as everyone dances ___5__ loud music. I have lots of good ___6__ (memory) of New Year’s Eve . I once spent one freezing New Year’s Eve in Trafalgar Square in the center of London. It snowed and was ___7__ (bitter) cold . I also spent many wonderful New Year’s Eves in Japan. There, it is a tradition __8__(visit) a shrine(圣坛)and pray for good things. I think wherever you are, New Year’s Eve is always ___9__ exciting day. Maybe the last way to welcome the New Year ___10__ (be)watching amazing fireworks displays in the world’s cities. 【答案】1. welcoming；2. national；3. are packed；4. which；5. to；6. memories；7. bitterly；8. to visit；9. an；10. is 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章主要讲了对世界各地的许多人来说，除夕是国家的假日。作者回忆了除夕的许多美好记忆。 1. 考查非谓语动词。句意：这总是一个令人兴奋的时刻，因为人们期待着迎接新的一年。固定短语：look forward to“期待”，其中to是介词，后面接v+ing形式。故填welcoming。 2. 考查形容词。句意：对世界各地的许多人来说，除夕是国家的假日。空后holiday是名词，由形容词修饰。故填national。 3. 考查时态和语态。句意：在很多国家，人们会回老家过年，所以通常火车和公共汽车上都挤满了人。此处描述经常或反复发生的动作，用一般现在时，且the trains and buses和pack之间是被动关系，用一般现在时的被动语态，主语是复数。故填are packed。 4. 考查非限制性定语从句。句意：在英国，人们通常在某人家里举行新年晚会，邀请朋友、家人和邻居。分析句子结构a New Year’s Eve party, __4__ is usually held at someone’s home and the host invites friends, families and neighbors可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是a New Year's Eve party，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，that不能引导非限制性定语从句。故填which。 5. 考查固定短语。句意：客厅变成了一个迷你迪斯科舞厅，每个人都随着响亮的音乐跳舞。dance to随着…起舞，该短语是固定短语，所以填to。 6. 考查名词单复数。句意：我对除夕有很多美好的回忆。“美好的回忆“是复数意义，用名词复数，所以填memories。 7. 考查副词。句意：天下着雪，冷得刺骨。修饰形容词cold,用副词，所以填bitterly。 8. 考查不定式。句意：在那里，参拜神社并祈求好运是一种传统。不定式作主语，一般用it作形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置，所以填to visit。 9. 考查冠词。句意：我想无论你在哪里，除夕总是一个令人兴奋的日子。泛指“一个令人兴奋的日子”，exciting的首字母发音是元音，所以填不定冠词an。 10. 考查时态。句意：也许迎接新年的最后一种方式是在世界各地的城市观看令人惊叹的烟花表演。描述经常或反复发生的动作，用一般现在时，主语是单数名词短语，所以填is。 5 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 With the development of modem technology, people can stay ________ (connect) with their families and friends easily, however far apart they are from each other. WeChat is one of the most ________ (frequent) used means of communication in China. It is reported that the number of the WeChat users ________ (reach) over 1.1billion so far. Once joining the WeChat, people can find more and more people start to add them ________ friends. They don't have to consider time ________ (zone) when communicating. Another reason why ifs so popular is that it costs nothing. It's also very convenient for people to immediately update ________ they are doing by WeChat. However, addiction to WeChat will rob people of the time that should otherwise ________ (spend) on something more important. And the many so-called friends on it are not really friends at all, who simply want ________ (put) ads or sell items on Moments. Besides, people on the Wechat are more likely to compare ________ (they) with others, which will make them feel bad when finding some people seem to be ________ (success). 【解析】 1. 考查过去分词。句意：随着现代科技的发展，人们可以很容易地与家人和朋友保持联系，无论他们彼此相距多远。此处stay是连系动词，意为“处于……状态”，相当于be动词，后面用过去分词作表语。故填connected。 2. 考查副词。句意：微信是中国最常用的通讯方式之一。副词修饰过去分词used。故填frequently。 3. 考查现在完成时。句意：据报道，目前微信的用户数量已经超过11亿。根据so far可知，设空处用现在完成时，且the number of the WeChat users“.…..的数量”作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填has reached。 4. 考查介词。句意：一旦加入微信，人们会发现越来越多的人开始加他们为朋友。add……as……意为“把……当作……”。故填as。 5. 考查名词复数。句意：他们在交流时不需要考虑时区。句中zone是可数名词，前面没有限制词，所以用名词复数。故填zones。 6. 考查宾语从句。句意：它也非常方便人们通过微信立即更新他们正在做的事情。动词 update后面是宾语从句，从句缺少引导词，且从句谓语动词没有宾语，所填连接词其双重作用。故填what。 7. 考查含情态动词的被动语态。句意：然而，沉迷于微信会剥夺人们本该花在更重要的事情上的时间。此处the time作先行词，that引导定语从句，在从句中作主语，且the time和从句谓语动词spend之间是被动关系，是含情态动词的被动语态，其中should已经给出。故填be spent。 8. 考查动词不定式。句意：许多所谓的朋友其实根本不是朋友，他们只是想在朋友圈放广告或卖东西。动词want后面用动词不定式作宾语。故填to put。 9. 考查反身代词。句意：此外，在微信的人更有可能拿自己和别人比较，当发现一些人似乎是成功的时候，这将使他们感觉不好。此处指“他们自己与别人比较”，所以用they的反身代词。故填themselves。 10. 考查形容词。句意：此外，在微信的人更有可能拿自己和别人比较，这将使他们感觉不好，当发现一些人似乎是成功的。be动词后面用形容词或形容词比较级。故填(more) successful。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$