选择性必修第一册 UNIT 1 RELATIONSHIPS 限时规范练（Word练习）-【优化指导】2026年高考英语一轮复习高中总复习·第1轮（北师大版）

UNIT 1　限时规范练(A) (限时30分钟) Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2025·山东省实验中学高三模拟) Give a Little Sunshine! The Council on Aging (COA) runs a telephone friendship project called the Sunshine Call Program，matching over­60s with a friendly volunteer for a daily chat over the phone.The aim is simple—to help ease the loneliness and repair social networks. Sheila，77，a retired teacher，lived alone.She has been receiving calls from Rianne，a volunteer，for over two months. “Talking to Rianne is something I really look forward to—a breath of fresh air.We talk about everything—theatre，her work，books we've read ... Listening to somebody's life enriches you and gives you something positive to focus on.” “At the beginning，I had no expectation of how the phone calls would go，but it's wonderful that it's led to a genuine friendship.Rianne helps me a lot ...” Are you ready to add a little sunshine to a senior's life? The Sunshine Call Program initially links a volunteer with an isolated(独居的) senior for a daily call.When comfortable，the volunteer introduces a second senior to the call.Then another，until there are four seniors to one volunteer on what is essentially a conference call.Without having to leave the house，you will help the seniors meet and make new friends.They will then exchange phone numbers to chat on their own and reduce their isolation. What are the volunteer qualifications? Volunteers must have access to the Internet and be willing to be trained on the use of a chat app.COA will provide all supplies required to make the calls.Besides，volunteers must agree to participate in monthly meetings with other volunteers and guest speakers.All volunteers must be willing to provide a recent Criminal Record Check，the cost of which will be borne by COA.And the most important volunteer qualification is a sense of caring and a desire to help seniors in the community! If you wish to volunteer with our Sunshine Call Program，never hesitate! Just CLICK HERE to fill out the application form. 1．Why does the passage mention Sheila's experience? A．To show her loneliness. B．To share a sweet memory. C．To stress the value of COA. D．To praise Rianne's kindness. 2．Which of the following is one of the responsibilities of volunteers? A．Making weekly calls to seniors. B．Visiting seniors during holidays. C．Introducing new friends to seniors. D．Teaching seniors to use smartphones. 3．If you want to be a volunteer，what are you required to do? A．Learn the use of a chat app. B．Prepare a computer by yourself. C．Offer a letter of recommendation. D．Have relevant working experience. 【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了COA建立的一个名为“阳光电话项目”的活动，机构的志愿者与60岁以上的老年人电话连线，为他们减轻孤独感，并宣传招募志愿者。 1．C　[解析]推理判断题。根据表格中第三段内容可知，文章提到Sheila的经历是为了说明COA的志愿者帮助了她很多，故其目的在于强调COA的价值，故选C。 2．C　[解析]细节理解题。根据“Are you ready to add a little sunshine to a senior's life？”部分中的“Without having to leave the house，you will help the seniors meet and make new friends.They will then exchange phone numbers to chat on their own and reduce their isolation.”可知，志愿者的职责之一就是给老年人介绍新的朋友，从而减轻他们的孤独感，故选C。 3．A　[解析]细节理解题。根据“What are the volunteer qualifications？”部分中的“Volunteers must have access to the Internet and be willing to be trained on the use of a chat app.”可知，如果你想要当志愿者，你需要学会使用聊天软件，故选A。 B A relationship between the amount of adult speech children are exposed to and the concentration of myelin，a substance in the brain，has been found，researchers say. “I think the take­home_message is，absolutely talking to your kids.It's literally shaping the structure of the brain，” says the lead author，Prof.John P.Spencer of the University of East Anglia. The team find，for the 30­month­olds，larger amounts of adult speech are associated with higher quantities of myelin in language­related pathways in the brain; however，for the 6­month­olds，it goes the opposite way. While the latter(后者) is unexpected，Spencer points out one possible factor: the brain's stage of development. “When babies are six months old，they experience massive growth of new nerve cells，” he says.“So the input comes in and may help extend the period of brain growth.” “While at 30 months，the brain starts to cut back some of the cell growth，and form specific connections.That's where myelin comes in.So now the input starts to help structure the myelin，” he adds. The researchers conclude adult speech is significant for both age groups and that the more adult speech children go through，the more sensitive they will be to language.The next step for them is to figure out whether the 6­month­old babies showing that negative connection will surely turn into 30­month­old kids who show positive relationship. Dr.Saloni Krishnan，Reader in cognitive neuroscience(认知神经科学) at Royal Holloway，University of London，who is not involved in the work，however，notes individual differences in language ability are linked to genetics.“Children who are exposed to more language at home and have higher myelination will also have inherited genes(经遗传获得的基因) from parents who are more excellent in languages，” she said.“No final conclusion could be made before this potential genetic effect is tested.And yet there being currently no standard around the amount of input children should receive，caregivers should not necessarily feel pressure to talk more to their children.” 4．Which can replace the underlined words “take­home_message” in Paragraph 2? A．Process. B．Reason. C．Point. D．Consequence. 5．What surprises the team? A．The finding for the 30­month­olds. B．The finding for the 6­month­olds. C．How the input helps nerve cells grow. D．How the input helps structure the myelin. 6．What do the researchers think of adult speech? A．It is positively related to myelin. B．It cuts back some of the cell growth. C．Its effect varies with the size of brains. D．It is helpful for both groups' language ability. 7．What might Dr.Saloni Krishnan approve of? A．The team should do more research. B．Inherited genes decide language ability. C．Parents must talk more to their kids. D．The concentration of myelin makes no sense. 【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了一个研究团队的发现(多跟孩子交流有助于孩子的大脑发育，尤其是语言方面)和其他专家就该研究发现发表的言论。 4．C　[解析]词义猜测题。根据画线词后文“absolutely talking to your kids.It's literally shaping the structure of the brain”可知，Prof.John P．Spencer认为重点是跟孩子交流；这确实能够影响孩子大脑结构的发育，故画线词的意思是“重点”，故选C。 5．B　[解析]细节理解题。根据第三段以及第四段可知，使这个研究团队吃惊的是第三段中提到的对六个月大的婴儿的研究发现，故选B。 6．D　[解析]细节理解题。根据第六段第一句可知，研究人员得出结论：父母的言语对六个月大和三十个月大的孩子都很重要；并且孩子所接收的父母的言语越多，孩子们日后对语言就会越敏感，故选D。 7．A　[解析]推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，Dr.Saloni Krishnan认为在潜在的基因方面的影响被测定之前，不能断言“父母多跟孩子交流会提高孩子的语言能力”，即这个研究团队需要做进一步的研究，故选A。 Ⅱ.完形填空 (2025·湖北高中名校联盟高三联合测评)The 8­year­old boy across the street stormed in and out of his own house very often.A neighbor，William Dunn，__1__ what was going on in his life.So Dunn asked him. “He told me that he didn't have a __2__，” says Dunn，now 58，“and I realized there was __3__ I could do for him.” That something was __4__，a passion Dunn's father had shared with him. Dunn has taken groups of kids out almost every __5__ to fish.Most didn't have father figures in their lives and had never fished.“They'd been through a lot，and their lives were __6__，” Dunn says.“But when they were fishing，all of that __7__．Out on the boat，they'd be smiling，and even __8__．” Jayden，now 13，has become a devoted fisherman and __9__ Dunn with helping him mature.“I hope he knows I mean it when I say thank you，” he says. Just as __10__ as the fishing are the __11__ Dunn forms with the kids.“When Jayden was going through a __12__ period recently in study—I let Dunn know that his grades were suffering and he had a little talk with Jayden，”Jayden's mother says.To her delight，Jayden's grades __13__ improved in the next exam. “There is nothing like seeing a __14__ light up with a smile，” Dunn says.“I feel lucky to __15__ that every weekend.” 1．A.revealed B．explained C．doubted D．wondered 2．A.mother B．father C．brother D．sister 3．A.something B．nothing C．anything D．everything 4．A.camping B．boating C．fishing D．running 5．A.day B．month C．year D．weekend 6．A.different B．difficult C．disciplined D．dynamic 7．A.went away B．broke out C．came about D．took over 8．A.studying B．sailing C．singing D．speaking 9．A.charges B．entertains C．rewards D．credits 10．A.important B．promising C．interesting D．complex 11．A.circles B．habits C．impressions D．relationships 12．A.rough B．long C．meaningful D．productive 13．A.hardly B．nearly C．genuinely D．accidentally 14．A.fisherman B．kid C．parent D．neighbor 15．A.dream B．expect C．witness D．receive 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了善良的William Dunn几乎每个周末都带着一群孩子出去钓鱼，他们大多数人在生活中没有父亲这一形象，也从来没有钓过鱼。在钓鱼的过程中，孩子们很开心，同时Dunn也给了这些孩子一些建议和鼓励，使他们取得了进步。 1．D　[解析]根据下文“So Dunn asked him.”可知，邻居Dunn想知道这个8岁男孩的生活发生了什么。故选D。 2．B　[解析]根据下文“Most didn't have father figures in their lives and had never fished.”可知，这个男孩没有父亲。故选B。 3．A　[解析]根据下文“That something was __4__，a passion Dunn's father had shared with him.”可知，Dunn想为他做点什么，something属于原词复现。故选A。 4．C　[解析]根据下文“Dunn has taken groups of kids out almost every __5__ to fish.”可知，此处指钓鱼。故选C。 5．D　[解析]根据下文“I feel lucky to __15__ that every weekend.”可知，此处指几乎每个周末，Dunn都带着一群孩子出去钓鱼。故选D。 6．B　[解析]根据上文“Most didn't have father figures in their lives and had never fished.”及常识可知，这些孩子中大多数没有父亲，生活很艰难。故选B。 7．A　[解析]根据下文“Out on the boat，they'd be smiling，and even __8__．”可知，当他们钓鱼时，这些孩子很开心，那些生活的艰难都消失了。故选A。 8．C　[解析]根据上文“Out on the boat，they'd be smiling”可知，当他们钓鱼时，这些孩子很开心，singing符合此处语境。故选C。 9．D　[解析]句意：今年13岁的Jayden已经成为一名忠实的渔夫，他认为Dunn帮助他成熟起来。固定搭配credit sb.with sth.表示“把某事归功于某人”。故选D。 10．A　[解析]根据语境可知，此处指和钓鱼一样重要的是Dunn和孩子们之间的关系。故选A。 11．D　[解析]根据下文Dunn forms with the kids可知，此处指Dunn和孩子们之间的关系。故选D。 12．A　[解析]根据下文I let Dunn know that his grades were suffering and he had a little talk with Jayden可知，此处指Jayden最近在学习上遇到了困难。故选A。 13．C　[解析]根据上文To her delight可知，Jayden的成绩在下次考试中真正提高了。故选C。 14．B　[解析]根据上文“Dunn has taken groups of kids out almost every __5__ to fish.”可知，此处指看到孩子面带微笑。故选B。 15．C　[解析]根据上文“‘There is nothing like seeing a __14__ light up with a smile，’Dunn says.”可知，每个周末都能见证一个孩子面带微笑，Dunn感到很幸运。故选C。 UNIT 1　限时规范练(B) (限时30分钟) Ⅰ.阅读理解 A In this digital age，people measure their popularity by the number of “likes” and followers they get on social media.But as it turns out，people are happier when their friends are of high quality rather than huge quantity. Scientists from the University of Leeds in the UK studied data from two online surveys of nearly 1，500 people.Those who took the survey gave details about their ages，social interactions，and how satisfied they were with their social lives.The researchers found that those who had a small number of close friends generally tended to be happier than those who had a large number of superficial(关系浅表的) friends. “Loneliness has less to do with the number of friends you have，and more to do with how you feel about your friends，” said Bruine de Bruin，one of the researchers. He found that older people tended to have smaller social circles than young people，but the people in these circles tended to be closer to them.He also found that younger people tended to have larger social circles that were made up of “peripheral(次要的) others”—people who are not their true friends，but just the ones they know.These people had no influence on their happiness. The results of the study show that the opinion society has about old people being sad and lonely might not be accurate. “The research shows that older adults' smaller networks don't decrease their social satisfaction and happiness.In fact，older adults tend to report a better sense of well­being than younger adults，” said Bruine de Bruin. 1．According to the study，people tend to be happier when they ________． A．have friends of huge quantity B．have a small circle of close friends C．have a lot of followers on social media D．make friends with older people 2．What do we know from Paragraph 4? A．Older people's friends seem to be of higher quality. B.Younger people don't need to make peripheral friends. C．Older people's happiness has nothing to do with their friends. D．Both older and younger people find it hard to make close friends. 3．Which word might Bruine de Bruin use to describe older adults? A．Sad. B．Happy. C．Lonely. D．Concerned. 4．What is the focus of this article? A．Different types of friends in one's life. B．Changes in people's happiness levels. C.Interactions between older and younger people. D．The relationship between happiness and the quality and quantity of friends. 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。研究发现有着少数亲密朋友的人通常比那些有着大量关系浅薄的朋友的人更快乐，而且孤独与朋友数量关系不大，与和朋友相处的感觉关系较大。但对于老年人来说，他们的幸福感和对孤独的看法却不太受社交圈大小的影响。 1．B　[解析]细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The researchers found that those who had a small number of close friends generally tended to be happier than those who had a large number of superficial friends.”可知，那些有少数亲密朋友的人通常比那些有许多关系浅薄的朋友的人更快乐。故选B。 2．A　[解析]推理判断题。根据第四段可知，研究发现，尽管较年长的人的社交圈比年轻人小，但圈子里的人往往和他们之间的关系更亲密。由此可知，较年长的人的朋友质量更高。故选A。 3．B　[解析]细节理解题。根据最后一段Bruine de Bruin的话中的“In fact，older adults tend to report a better sense of well­being than younger adults”可知，他认为较年长的人往往比年轻人的幸福感更强。故选B。 4．D　[解析]主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“But as it turns out，people are happier when their friends are of high quality rather than huge quantity.”可知，文章主要介绍了一项关于人的幸福感与其朋友数量和质量的关系的研究。研究发现，影响一个人幸福感的并非其拥有朋友的数量，而是其朋友的质量。故选D。 B Teens who have good，supportive relationships with their teachers enjoy better health as adults，according to research published by an American research center. “This research suggests that improving students' relationships with teachers could have positive and long­lasting effects beyond just academic success，” said Jinho Kim，a professor at Korea University and author of the study.“It could also bring about health implications in the long run.” Previous research has suggested that teens' social relationships might be linked to health outcomes in adulthood.However，it is not clear whether the link between teen relationships and lifetime health is causal(因果的)—it could be that other factors，such as different family backgrounds，might contribute to both relationship problems in adolescence and to poor health in adulthood.Also，most research has focused on teens' relationships with their peers(同龄人)，rather than on their relationships with teachers. To explore those questions further，Kim analyzed data on nearly 20，000 participants from the Add Health study，a national study in the U.S.that followed participants from seventh grade into early adulthood.The participant pool included more than 3，400 pairs of siblings(兄弟姐妹).As teens，participants answered questions，like “How often have you had trouble getting along with other students and your teachers？” As adults，participants were asked about their physical and mental health. Kim found that participants who had reported better relationships with both their peers and teachers in middle and high school also reported better physical and mental health in their mid­20s.However，when he controlled for family background by looking at pairs of siblings together，only the link between good teacher relationships and adult health remained significant. The results suggest teacher relationships are more important than previously realized and that schools should invest in training teachers on how to build warm and supportive relationships with their students.“This is not something that most teachers receive much training in，” Kim said，“but it should be.” 5．What does the underlined word “implications” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．Recipes. B．Habits. C．Risks. D．Benefits. 6．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A．Poor health in adolescence. B．Teens' relationships with their peers. C．Limitations of the previous research. D．Factors affecting health in adulthood. 7．What does Kim's research show? A．Positive student­teacher relationship helps students' adult health. B．Good family background promises long­term adult health. C．Healthy peer relationships lead to students' academic success. D．Good adult health depends on teens' good teachers. 8．Where does this text probably come from? A．A medical report. B．A health magazine. C．A term paper. D．A family survey. 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了改善学生与教师之间的关系能带来持久积极的益处，呼吁学校注重培养学生与教师之间良好的关系。 5．D　[解析]词义猜测题。根据第二段画线词上文This research suggests that improving students' relationships with teachers could have positive and long­lasting effects beyond just academic success和bring about health可推知，此处指改善师生关系是有积极正面影响的，对学生健康有益。画线词implications意为“可能的影响”，从而推知，此处指对学生健康有益。D项Benefits意为“益处”，符合题意。故选D。 6．C　[解析]主旨大意题。根据第二段中的“However，it is not clear whether the link between teen relationships and lifetime health is causal ...in adolescence and to poor health in adulthood.”可推测，前面的研究具有局限性。故选C。 7．A　[解析]细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第一句“Kim found that participants who had reported better relationships with both their peers and teachers in middle and high school also reported better physical and mental health in their mid­20s.”可知，积极的师生关系有助于学生的成年健康。故选A。 8．B　[解析]推理判断题。根据第一段并结合全文可知，文章讲述了改善学生与教师之间的关系能带来持久积极的益处，呼吁学校注重培养学生与教师之间良好的关系。由此可推测此文最可能来自一本健康杂志。故选B。 Ⅱ.七选五阅读 (2025•湖北黄冈模拟)Good gift giving is an art.The perfect present can lift a mood or improve a relationship.1.______ So are there any rules to follow? Read on for 4 essential tips. ·Don't add a small gift to a big gift. Want to add a tie to an expensive shirt? Some flowers to go with a bottle of grand wine? Don't.When we receive several gifts together，we tend to average out their value.2.______ ·Gift experiences rather than things. A new smartphone becomes old fast.3.______ Experiences often have more thought gone into them，and they create more vivid memories.That is why you should consider an experience over a physical object while gifting. ·Gift cards are not bad. Gift giving can be wasteful.We only spend $10 on ourselves if we find something that we expect is worth more than $10 to us.But gift is different，because we're not buying for ourselves.So we can spend $10 on something that's worth less than $10 to the receiver.4.______ Gift cards have become much more popular over time.And they're also very popular with receivers—a better option than a rushed or poorly chosen gift that goes straight to the garbage can. 5．______ Let's put it very simply：buy things that your receiver would buy for themselves.That might seem obvious，but it happens far less than we'd like.People tend to use gifts to signal something about themselves rather than providing utility(实用) or happiness to the receiver.The best way to get it right is to simply ask the question—“What would you like？” A．Think like the receiver. B．It could even be worth nothing to them. C．Use gifts to signal something about yourself. D.But having the same experience strengthens bonds. E.Therefore，a small gift added to a big one will hurt the big one's impact. F.Whatever the occasion，gift giving requires careful thought and consideration. G．But a dream vacation or seeing your favorite artist will give you memories that last forever. 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了送礼物要遵循的一些规则。 1．F　[解析]下文“So are there any rules to follow? Read on for 4 essential tips.”说明送礼物不能随便送，要遵循一些规则，故F项“无论在什么场合，送礼都需要深思熟虑”承接下文，符合语境。故选F。 2．E　[解析]本段小标题“Don't add a small gift to a big gift.”指出不要在大礼物上附上小礼物，故E项“因此，一个小礼物加在一个大礼物上会损害大礼物的影响力”总结本段内容，说明不能附加小礼物的原因，符合语境。故选E。 3．G　[解析]本段小标题“Gift experiences rather than things.”指出送礼物时，要送体验式的礼物，而不要送实物，上文“A new smartphone becomes old fast.”说明东西很快就会变旧，G项“一次梦寐以求的度假或者见到喜欢的艺术家的体验会给你留下永恒的回忆”与上文形成对照，呼应本段标题，符合语境。故选G。 4．B　[解析]上文“So we can spend $10 on something that's worth less than $10 to the receiver.”提到我们花10美元买的东西对接受者来说可能价值还不到10美元，故B项“甚至对他们来说毫无价值”承接上文，表示程度更进一步，符合语境。故选B。 5．A　[解析]本段第一句“Let's put it very simply：buy things that your receiver would buy for themselves.”是本段的主题句，说明送礼物要站在收礼物的人的角度去考虑，故A项“像收礼物者那样去思考”符合语境。故选A。 Ⅲ.语法填空 The Silk Road was an ancient system of trade routes that linked the East to the West.For several centuries，it was an outstanding network 1.__________(include) routes both on the land and oceans.It stretched from East Asia，Southeast Asia，East Africa，West Africa，and Southern Europe. The Silk Road was not given its name for nothing.During its time of use，silk was a highly profitable product along its routes.Silk，you can say，weaved together these many regions in terms of business and even 2.__________(culture) exchange.However，the name 3.__________(it) was not coined until the 19th century by Ferdinand von Richthofen.He made the term during his several 4.__________(journey) to China from 1868 to 1872.Despite this，the term was not made known 5.__________ the academic world until the 20th century，6.__________ geographer Sven Hedin wrote a book 7.__________(title) “The Silk Road” in 1938.And 8.__________(final)，after the fall of the Soviet Union，academics in that region became increasingly involved in the study of the trade routes of Central Asia. 9．__________ history of the Silk Road is of global significance.In modern times，the old Silk Road routes are still used，but now they 10.__________(cross) by trains instead of camels and horses. 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了丝绸之路的历史。 1．including　[解析]考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，此处是分词短语作后置定语，主语network与include之间为主动关系，故用include的现在分词形式。故填including。 2．cultural　[解析]考查形容词。此处修饰名词exchange，须用形容词形式。故填cultural。 3．itself　[解析]考查代词。此处指代主语the name，须用反身代词。故填itself。 4．journeys　[解析]考查名词的数。空前的several表示“几个；一些”，后跟可数名词复数，故此处应用journey的复数形式。故填journeys。 5．to　[解析]考查介词。固定搭配be known to 意为“为……所熟知”，故此处应用介词to。故填to。 6．when　[解析]考查定语从句的关系词。分析句子可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，关系词代替先行词the 20th century在从句中作时间状语，因此用关系副词when引导。故填when。 7．titled　[解析]考查非谓语动词。title作动词，意为“给……加标题”，分析句子可知，逻辑主语book与title之间是动宾关系，故此处用title的过去分词形式作后置定语。故填titled。 8．finally　[解析]考查副词。此处作时间状语，须用副词形式。故填finally。 9．The　[解析]考查冠词。此处是特指丝绸之路的历史，须用定冠词。句首单词首字母大写。故填The。 10．are crossed　[解析]考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。由the old Silk Road routes are still used可知，本句应用一般现在时；they与cross之间为被动关系，所以用一般现在时的被动语态；主语they是复数，be动词用are。故填are crossed。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$