第18讲 定语从句满分指南 (复习讲义)(北京专用)2026年高考英语一轮复习讲练测

2025-10-30
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第18讲 定语从句满分指南 目录 01 考情解码·命题预警 3 02 体系构建·思维可视 4 03 核心突破·靶向攻坚 5 考点一 关系代词 6 知识点1 常见关系代词的基本用法 6 知识点2 “介词+关系代词”引导定语从句 10 考向1 关系代词辨析 12 考向2 “介词+关系代词”引导定语从句 12 考点二 关系副词 12 知识点 关系副词基本用法 13 考向 关系副词基本用法 14 考点三 定语从句中其它考点和写作中的应用 15 知识点1 定语从句中其它考点 15 知识点2 定语从句在写作中的应用 21 考向1 定语从句中主谓一致与其他从句的辨析 22 考向2 定语从句在写作中的应用 23 04真题溯源·考向感知 23 01 考情解码·命题预警 考点要求 考察形式 2025年 2024年 2023年 2022年 2021年 关系代词 选择题 非选择题 T.19 which(非限) T.17 who(非限) \ T18.which(限制) T. 12 that 关系副词 选择题 非选择题 \ \ T.18where(非限) \ T.15 where 定语从句其它考点和写作中的应用 选择题 非选择题 广泛存在于阅读理解、完形填空和写作中 考情分析: 1. 命题题型与内容特点 高频考点集中:近五年(2021-2025)北京卷对关系代词的考查占比达80%(尤其which在非限制性从句中的用法连续两年出现),关系副词以where为主(2023年非限制性用法)。 2. 题型分布: 1)关系代词:以语法填空(非选择题)为主。 2)关系副词:仅在非选择题出现(如2023年T18),且多结合抽象地点名词(如situation/case)。 3)其他考点(介词+关系代词、限制性vs非限制性从句)隐性渗透于阅读理解长难句分析和写作应用。 3. 命题思路与趋势 1)重语境应用:淡化机械规则,强调从句在语篇中的逻辑衔接功能(如2025年T19用which指代前文整句概念)。 2)非限制性从句为热点:五年内4次考查(占比67%),突出对逗号隔开结构的敏感度训练。 3)写作融合导向:引导在输出中运用复杂句式(如"介词+which"丰富表达),呼应新课标对语言能力的要求。 预测2026年延续"非限制性从句+关系副词抽象化用法"(如where修饰stage/culture),可能提升"as引导从句"的命题权重。 复习目标: 1.系统复习并掌握关系代词的用法; 2.系统分析并掌握关系副词的用法; 3.系统复习并掌握介词+关系代词的用法; 4.辨析限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句; 5.系统复习并掌握定语从句中的重难易错点。 02 体系构建·思维可视 03 核心突破·靶向攻坚 必备基础知识: 1) 定语从句的概念 在复合句中,修饰限定某一名词(或代词)的句子,叫定语从句。定语从句在复合句中相当于形容词,故又称为形容词性从句。 2) 定语从句的位置 定语从句常置于被修饰词之后;as引导的非限制性定语从句可置于主句前、句中,也可置于主句之后。 3) 定语从句的功能 相当于形容词,修饰名词或代词,在句中作定语。 4) 定语从句的类别 定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两类。 5) 先行词 定语从句修饰的名词和代词叫先行词。 6)关系词的三大作用 1. 替代作用:在定语从句中替代先行词。 2. 成分作用:在定语从句中充当句子成分。 3. 连接作用:连接主句和定语从句。 关系代词/副词 先行词 在从句中的作用 who 人 主语、宾语 whom 人 宾语 which 物 主语、宾语 that 人或物 主语、宾语、表语、状语 whose 人或物 定语 as 人或物 主语、宾语、表语 when 时间名词 时间状语 where 地点名词或抽象名词(situation,point,activity,case,stage等) 地点状语 why the reason 原因状语 考点一 关系代词 知识点1 常见关系代词的基本用法 1. that 可指人或物;在定语从句中作主语,宾语,表语。指人时,相当于who或 whom;指物时,相当于which。不能引导非限制性定语从句;不可置于介词后作宾语。 2. which 指物;在定语从句中作主语,宾语。如: The book which/that was on the desk was bought by my father.(主语) 3. who, whom, whose (1)who: 主格, 在从句中作主语,只可指人 (2)whom: 宾格,在从句中只能作宾语; 只可指人 (3)whose: 表所属关系,在从句中作定语。译为:某人的,某物的 (4)whose + 名词 =the + n. + of which (某物的) = he + n. + of whom (某人的) 注意: ① 关系代词作介词宾语 (在定语从句中,介词提前时,介词后:表人用 whom;表物用 which) ② 关系代词在定语从句中用作介词宾语时, 介词可放于从句之首, 也可放于从句之末. 但以放于句首较为正式.(介词前置,必须注意不影响动词词组的含义。关系代词who 和 that 用作介词宾语时, 介词必须放在句末。) There are 30 students in this class, who are from the north of China. 这个班里有30名学生,他们来自中国北方。 Do you know the boy whose handwriting is very beautiful? 你认识那个书法非常漂亮的男孩吗? I'd like a room whose window looks out over the sea. →I'd like a room, the window of which looks out over the sea. →I'd like a room, of which the window looks out over the sea. 我想要一个窗户朝向大海的房间。 4. as a:as作为关系代词,常常用于固定句型中。 the same...as , as, such....as , so....as They could only read such stories as had been rewritten in simple English.(as作主语) 他们只能读类似这样的一些用简易英语改写的故事。 These houses are sold at such a low price as people expected.(as作宾语) 这些房子以人们期望的低价出售。 This is the same knife as I lost.(as作宾语) 这把小刀和我丢的那把很相似。 b:such ... as ... 与such ... that ... 的区别 such ... as ... 中的as引导的是定语从句,而such ... that ... 中的that引导的是结果状语从句。当as引导定语从句时,as在从句中一般作主语或宾语,而that引导结果状语从句时,that在从句中不作任何成分。 This is such a difficult problem as most of us can't work out. 这是一个我们大多数人都不能解决的难题。 (从句中的work out缺少宾语,前面的as是关系代词,用作work out的宾语。) She is such a kind girl that many students like her. 她是个善良的女孩所以很多学生喜欢她。 (状语从句是完整的句子,前面的that只起引导从句的作用,在从句中不作成分。) 二、that、 which的辨析 1. 只能用that,不能用which的情况 (1)先行词是all,something,everything,anything,nothing,little,much,few等不定代词或先行词被all,any,every,no,little,much,some等词修饰。 ☞All the people that come from the country work much harder. 所有来自农村的人工作都更努力得多。 (2)先行词被序数词、 形容词最高级、 the only, the very, the last等修饰时, 关系代词通常只用that, 不用which.如: ☞The first English novel that I read was Cities. 我读的第一本英文小说是《城市》。 This is one of the most exciting football games that I have ever seen. 这是我见过的最激动人心的足球比赛之一。 This is the only thing that we can do now. 这是我们现在惟一能做的事情。 (3)先行词既有人又有物时, 关系代词只用that, 不用which.如: The scientist and his achievements that you told me about are admired by us all. 我们所有人都钦佩你告诉我的那位科学家和他所取得的成就。 The foreign visitors spoke highly of the pioneers and their performances that they saw at the Children’s Palace. 外国游客高度赞扬了他们在少年宫所看到的少先队员以及他们的表演。 (4) 关系代词在限定性定语从句中作表语并带有类比含义时, 通常只用that, 不用which.如:  He is no longer the star that he was. 他不再是过去的那位明星了。 Our school is no longer the school that it used to be. 我们的学校不再是以前的那所学校了。 (5) 句中其他位置已出现which, 为避免重复, 不用which而用that引导限定性定语从句。如: Which is the car that has overtaken us? 超过我们的是哪辆车? 2. 只用which,不能用that的情况 (1) 在介词提前到关系代词之前形成“介词+关系代词”结构来修饰表事物的先行词时, 关系代词必须用which.如: The house in which we live is very large. 我们住的房子非常大。 This is the reference book of which the teacher is speaking. 这就是老师正在谈及的那本参考书。 【易错提醒】 如果介词不放在修饰事物的限定性定语从句的句首, which就可换为that, 如: This is the question which/that we’ve had so much discussion about. =This is the question about which we’ve had so much discussion. 这就是我们已经多次讨论过的问题。 (2) 先行词为“those+表事物的复数名词”时, 关系代词通常只用which而不用that.例如: Students should keep in mind those regulations which restrict their behavior. 学生应牢记那些规范自己的行为准则。 A bookshop should deal with a variety of those best sellers which are newly published. 书店应该经营新出版的各种畅销书。 (3)当先行词指物,关系词在句中作主语或宾语,引导非限制性定语从句的关系词只能用which,而不用that。 三、 as,which的辨析 一、相同点 两者引导非限制性定语从句时,可指代主句中的部分或整个句子的内容,在从句中作主语、宾语或表语,位于主句之后有时可互换。 The meeting was put off, as /which was exactly what we wanted. 会议被推迟了,这正是我们想要的。 He was a doctor, as/which I knew from his manner. 他是一名医生,我是从他的举止中知道的。 二、不同点 1. as可以放在主句前后,也可插入主句之中;而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能位于主句之后。 As is known to all, fish can’t live without water. 众所周知,鱼离开水无法生存。 Air, as we know, is gas. 正如我们所知,空气是气体。 2. 在非限制性定语从句中,which后的be动词不可省;而as后的be动词可以省略。 She told me she won the match, which was a lie. 她告诉我们她赢得了比赛,这是一个谎言。 The material is elastic, as (was) shown in the figure. 这种材料是有弹性的,正如图中所示。 3. which在非限制性定语从句中作主语时可用各类动词作谓语;而as作主语时,谓语常用系动词,如be,seem,become等,一般不用其他行为动词。 He saw the girl, which delighted him. 他看见了那个女孩,这让他很高兴。 He didn’t say anything at the meeting, as/which seemed very strange. 他在会议上一言未发,这看起来非常奇怪。 4. as常用"正如"含义, 常用的结构有as we know(众所周知);as often happens(正如常发生的那样); as is often the case(情况常常如此);as we all can see(正如我们看到的); be announced / expected / known / imagined / mentioned / said / shown / reported等。 这些结构常放句首,偶尔也可以放句中或句末。 As is known to all, China is a developing country. 众所周知,中国是一个发展中国家。 Kate was late for school, as often happened. 凯特上学迟到了,正如常发生的那样。 5. 在非限制性定语从句中,which可指代主句中的某一个单词,as不可以。 My brother enjoyed playing basketball, which he really plays well. 我哥哥喜欢打篮球,他打得非常好。 Beijing, which he was born in, is our capital. 北京,他出生的地方,是我们的首都。 6. "介词+关系代词(介宾代物)"中关系代词只能用which。 The Travel Agency, with which our company has been dealing for several years, has opened for new branches.那家与我们交易了好几年的旅行社又开了新的分店。 Air is a mixture of gases, of which oxygen forms 21 percent. 空气是一种气体的综合体,其中氧气占了21%。 7. 从句中的谓语动词是否定形式时,常用which。 He can write a letter in English, which I can not. 他可以用英语写信,我不能。 Metal will bear beating with a hammer, which a stone will not. 金属能承受得住用锤子敲打,但是石头则不能。 8. 非限制性定语从句中的关系代词代表前面主句中的宾语从句时,常用which。 He said he had passed the exam, which was untrue. 他说他通过了考试,这是假的。 得分速记 ①只用that不用which引导定语从句的情况 (1)先行词为不定代词anything, nothing, something, everything, all, some, none, little, few, the one等时。 (2)先行词是形容词最高级或序数词,或先行词前有形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。 (3)先行词被the only, the very, the last, the same, any, every, each, few, little, no, some, all等修饰时。 (4)先行词中既有表示人又有表示物的名词时。 ②as和which的区别 (1)which引导的非限制性定语从句只能位于主句之后,as引导的从句可位于主句之前、之中和之后。 (2)as常用的这种类似插入语的句式有:as the saying goes, as is said above, as is mentioned above, as often happens, as is often the case, as is reported in the newspaper等。 ③as引导的定语从句常出现于the same…as…,such…as…,as…as…和so…as…结构中。 当定语从句的先行词被the same,such,as 或so修饰时,关系代词可选as,且不能省略。 知识点2 “介词+关系代词”引导定语从句 1 关系代词的确定 在介词后作宾语的关系代词只有which和whom。如果先行词是物,引导词用which;如果先行词是人,则引导词用whom。 This is the train on which I went to Shanghai. 这就是我去上海所乘坐的那列火车。 This is the student for whom I bought the dictionary. 这就是我为他买词典的那个学生。 【易错提醒】 介词一般放在关系代词which和whom之前,如果介词和句中动词组成固定词组时,这个介词一般不前置。 My youngest brother,whom I have to look after,is demanding. 我得照看我最小的弟弟,他真是让人费神。 2 关系代词前介词的确定 a. 依据定语从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配来确定。 The fellow to whom I spoke made no answer at first. 我与之说话的那个人起初没有回答。(speak to) The West Lake, for which Hangzhou is famous, is a beautiful place. 西湖是一个美丽的地方,杭州因此而闻名。(be famous for) a. 根据先行词来确定。 I'll never forget the time during which I spent my childhood in the country. 我永远不会忘记我在乡村度过的童年时光。(during the time) Air, without which man can't live, is really important. 空气真的很重要,没有它人类就不能生存。(without air) 3 “名词/代词+介词+关系代词”结构 此类结构常见的有“some/many/most/all/none+of+which/whom”等。 Here are the questions, some of which I think are difficult for you. 问题都在这儿,其中一些我认为对你来说很难。 He has three sons, none of whom are doctors. 他有三个儿子,没有一个是当医生的。 4 “复合介词短语+关系代词which” 从句部分常与先行词用逗号隔开,且从句部分常用倒装语序。 He lived in a big house, in front of which stood a big tree. 他住在一所大房子里,房子前面有一棵大树。 5 “介词+which/whom+不定式” The poor man has no house in which to live. →The poor man has no house to live in. →The poor man has no house in which he can live. 那个穷人没房子住。 【知识拓展】 有时为表达清楚,也可以在关系副词where/when前加介词from/to等,平时也应掌握,但非高考重点。 China is the birthplace of kites,from where kite flying spreads to Japan,Thailand,India and so on. 中国是风筝的发源地,从这里,放风筝传到了日本、泰国、印度等国家。 考向1 关系代词辨析 例1 (2025·北京·高考) However, according to a report by the World Wildlife Fund, tourists ____left18____ (leave) over 1.3 billion tons of food waste last year, ____19____ accounted for about 8% of the total global gas release in 2024. 【变式训练1】By comparing the plant with several known Oreocharis species, the researchers have confirmed it is a new species has many unique characteristics. 【变式训练2】 Pablo Picasso is one of the most famous artists in the world, _______full name is really a long one, in fact a mixture of many names. 【变式训练3】The students benefiting most from college are those are totally engaged (参与) in academic life, taking full advantage of the college's chances and resources (资源). 考向2 “介词+关系代词”引导定语从句 例2 The dances, through people can improve coordination and heart health, involve detailed footwork and rhythmic movements. 【变式训练1】Hua Mulan, the story of has been told by generations in China, is a fighter from the Northern Wei Dynasty (386-534). 【传统文化与学科知识结合】 【变式训练2】There are many different types of quyi-performance in China, such as comic dialogues, degu, pingshu and shuanghuang, among the crosstalk is most popular, 考点二 关系副词 知识点 关系副词基本用法 当定语从句中不缺少主语、宾语、定语和表语时,要选用关系副词。其中when, where, why是常见的三个关系副词。 关系副词 先行词 作用 when 时间名词 时间状语 表时间的介词(如:in, on, at, during等)+which; where 地点名词或抽象名词(situation,point,activity,case,stage等) 地点状语 表地点的介词(如:in, at, on, under等)+which; why the reason 原因状语 表原因的介词(如:for)+which。 We will put off the picnic in the park until next week,when the weather may be better. 我们将把在公园里的野餐推迟到下个星期,那时候天气可能会更好。 Do you know the reason why he didn't attend the meeting yesterday? 你知道他昨天为什么没有出席会议的原因吗? 1. when的用法 when修饰时间名词,在从句中作时间状语。其先行词通常为time, day, year, week等。 I'll never forget the day when my son was born. 我永远忘不了我儿子出生的那一天。 易错点:当表示时间的先行词在从句中作主语或宾语时,关系词不用when而用that或which。 The season which/that they were talking about was autumn. 他们正在谈论的季节是秋天。 2. where的用法 b. where用于修饰地点名词如place, park, factory, house等。在从句中作地点状语,相当于介词+which。 Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment where they live. 现在人们更加关心他们居住的环境。 b.当先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词,如:point, situation, case, stage, family等时,如果引导词在从句中作状语,常用关系副词where引导定语从句;如果不作状语,则用关系代词that/which。 Students should involve themselves in community activities where they can gain experience for growth. 学生应该参与社区活动,在那里他们可以获得成长的经验。 Remember that there is still one point that/which we must make clear at the conference tomorrow. 记住在明天的会议上我们还有一点必须弄清楚。 She's in a hopeless situation,where we will keep a very close eye on her. 她处于无望的处境中,在这种情况下我们将密切注意她。 c.先行词occasion当“时刻”讲时,用关系副词when;当“场合”讲时,用关系副词where。 Please describe an occasion where you met real difficulties. 请描述你遇到真正困境的场景。 Occasions are rare when I have the time to spend a day with my kids. 我有时间和孩子们度过一天的时机很少。 3. why的用法 why相当于for which, 在从句中作原因状语,但若关系词在定语从句中作主语或宾语时,定语从句要用that或which引导。 Can you tell me the reason why(=for which) you are late again? 你能告诉我你再次迟到的原因吗? The boss doesn’t want to hear any reason (that/which) you might give. 老板不想听你所提出的任何理由。 得分速记 考向 关系副词基本用法 例1 On the other hand, the Chinese Spring Festival is a festival marking the turn of the calendar year. It’s a time ________ millions of people travel home to be with their families, engaging in traditions such as cleaning houses, cooking special dishes, and setting off fireworks. 【变式训练1】It has become a cultural landmark of the Yellow River Basin visitors can view the river passing through the city and watch exhibitions showing its long history and diverse cultures. 【变式训练2】The girl refused to tell the reason _________she became interested in the film. 考点三 定语从句中其它考点和写作中的应用 知识点1 定语从句中其它考点 一、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别 1. 形式不同 限制性定语从句主句和从句之间不用逗号隔开,口语中使用时也不停顿;而非限制性定语从句与主句之间通常有逗号隔开,口语中使用时有停顿。 2. 功能不同 限制性定语从句用于对先行词的意义进行修饰、限制和识别,如果去掉,就会造成句意不完整或概念不清;而非限制性定语从句用于对先行词起补充说明作用,如果省略,句意仍然清楚、完整。 People who take physical exercise live longer. 进行体育锻炼的人活得长些。(若把从句去掉句子就失去意义) His daughter, who is in Boston now, is coming home next week. 他女儿现在在波士顿,下星期回来。(若把从句去掉,句子意义仍然完整) 3. 翻译不同 在翻译定语从句时,一般把限制性定语从句翻译在它所修饰的先行词之前,而把非限制性定语从句与主句分开。 He is the man whose car was stolen. 他就是汽车被窃的那个人。 I’ve invited Jim, who lives in the next flat. 我邀请了吉姆,他就住在隔壁。 4. 含义不同 比较下面的两个句子: I have a sister who is a doctor. 我有一个医生的姐姐。(姐姐不止一个) I have a sister, who is a doctor. 我有一个姐姐,她是当医生的。(只有一个姐姐) 5. 先行词不同 限制性定语从句的先行词只能是名词或代词,而非限制性定语从句的先行词则可以是名词或代词,也可以是短语或句子;另外,当先行词为专有名词或其他具有独一无二性的普通名词时,通常要用非限制性定语从句,而不用限制性定语从句。 Peter drove too fast, which was dangerous. 彼得开车很快,这是很危险的。(which指drive too fast) He changed his mind, which made me very angry. 他改变了主意,这使我很生气。(which指整个主句) Mr. Smith, who is our boss, will leave for Japan next week. 我们的老板史密斯先生下周要去日本。(先行词为专有名词,要用非限制性定语从句修饰) Her father, who has a lot of money, wishes her to study abroad. 她父亲很有钱,希望她出国学习。(先行词为表独一无二意义的普通名词,要用非限制性定语从句修饰) 6. 关系词不同 关系词that和why可用于限制性定语从句中,通常不用于非限制性定语从句;另外,在限制性定语从句中,关系词有时可以省略,而在非限制性定语从句中关系词一律不能省略。 二、定语从句中的主谓一致 1)在定语从句中,谓语动词的单数,复数依据它所修饰的先行词。 I, who am your teacher, will help you with everything. He who breaks the school rules should be punished. Those who break the school rules should be punished. Anyone who breaks the school rules should be punished. 2). One of +the+复数名词+定语从句,谓语动词用复数,the only one of +the 复数名词+定语从句,谓语动词用单数。 He is one of the teachers in our school who teach well. He is the only one of the teachers in our school who teaches well. 三、the way 后接定语从句的情况 1.在定语从句中,the way在从句中充当方式状语时,其后的关系词可以是in which,that或省略;但是当它在从句中充当主语、宾语等成分时,其后的关系词就用that或which。 2.先行词time作“次数”讲时,应用关系代词that引导定语从句,that可省略;当先行词time作“一段时间,时代”讲且作状语时,应用关系副词when或“介词at/during+which”引导定语从句。 ①What surprised me was not what he said but the wayhe said it. 让我吃惊的不是他说的话,而是他说话的方式。 ②The way he explained to us was quite simple. 他向我们解释的那种方法很简单。 ③It's not the first time (that) you've found yourself in this situation. 你陷入这种状况已经不是第一次了。 ④There was a time when/during which each teacher spent an hour,one day a week,testing pupils in every subject. 曾经,每个老师每周都有一天花上一小时对学生的每门功课进行测试。 四、time后接定语从句的情况 先行词是time时,若time作“次数”讲,应用关系代词that引导定语从句,that可省略;若time作“一段时间,时代”讲,应用关系副词when或“介词at/during+which”引导定语从句。 This is the first time (that) I have talked with a foreigner face to face. 这是我第一次和一个外国人面对面交流。 There was a time when I hated going to school. 曾经有一段时间我讨厌上学。 五、关系代词和关系副词的辨析 用法 依据 根据从句谓语动词 若是及物动词,后面若无宾语,用关系代词;若是不及物动词则用关系副词。 根据关系词在从句中作的成分 把关系词放进定语从句中,若作主语或宾语用关系代词;作状语则用关系副词。 先行词是表示时间或地点等的名词时,如果先行词一样,但是关系词在从句中所作的成分不同,那么所用关系词也不同。具体分为以下几点: 1.先行词是表示时间或地点的名词 若关系词在从句中作时间状语或地点状语,则用when或where;若作主语、宾语等,则用that或which。 The date (that/which) I'll always remember is Oct.28, 1968. 我会一直记得的日子是1968年10月28日。(that/which在从句中作宾语) The date when I was born is Oct.28, 1968. 我出生的日子是1968年10月28日。(when在从句中作时间状语) After about an hour's drive, we reached the small town where I was brought up and which/that is located at the foot of the mountain. 大约一个小时的车程之后,我们抵达这个小镇。我就是在这个小镇长大的,它坐落在山脚下。(where在从句中作地点状语;which/that在从句中作主语) 2.先行词是表示原因的名词reason若关系词在从句中作原因状语,则用why;若作主语、宾语等,则用that或which。 ►The reason (which/that) he told me for his being late is that he got up late.他告诉我他迟到的原因是他起床晚了。(which/that在从句中作宾语) 特别提醒  遇到类似的题目,考生应特别注意从句中动词是及物动词还是不及物动词。及物动词后应接宾语;不及物动词后如有介词,可加宾语,如无介词,则应用关系副词。 ►The reason why he was late is that he got up late.他迟到的原因是他起床晚了。(why在从句中作原因状语) 六、定语从句与其它句型的辨析 1)限制性定语从句与同位语从句的区别 关系副词引导限制性定语从句中的关系词有跟他们含义相应的先行词,而引导同位语从句时则没有与他们含义相应的先行词。 Sorry, I’ve forgot the day when we met for the first time. 抱歉,我记不起我们第一次见面的日子了。(定语从句,先行词the day 与when含义相应) I’ve no idea when we met for the first time. 我不知道我们第一次是什么时候见面的。(同位语从句,idea与when没有任何联系) 2)定语从句与时间状语从句的区别 当定语从句的引导词与时间状语从句的连接词都是when时,定语从句修饰、限制、说明时间名词,只能放在先行词的后面;而时间状语从句说明动作发生的情况,并且可以放在主句的前面。 Do you know the time when the class is over? 你知道下课的时间吗?(定语从句) It was already five o’clock when the class was over. =When the class was over, it was already five o’clock. 当课结束时,已经是五点钟了。(时间状语从句) 3)定语从句与地点状语从句的区别 当定语从句的引导词与地点状语从句的连接词都是where时,定语从句修饰、限制、说明地点名词;而状语从句则说明动作发生的地点,where没有对应的地点名词或代词。 This is the place where we used to live a few years ago. 这就是几年前我们常居住的地方。(定语从句) Let’s go where we can find a better job. 我们到我们能找到更好工作的地方去吧。(地点状语从句) 4)定语从句与强调句型的区别 定语从句对名词或代词的修饰和限制,关系词可能是that, which, as, who, but, 另一方面,句子中的It有所指;而强调句型是对某部分加强语气,强调语气的连接词只能是that, who,并且句子中的It 没有任何意义;一般比较明显,而有时就难以区别,还需要根据上下文的语境来判断。 It is a book that he wants. 它究竟是强调句型还是定语从句,就要从语境上来考察。如果它是用来回答What is this / that? 这样的问题,意思是:它是一本他想要的书。句子显然是定语从句。如果是用来回答What does he want? 这样的问题,那么意思是:他想要的是一本书。显然,句子是强调句型。 5)定语从句与结果状语从句的区别 定语从句中的关系词在从句中还要作某种成分,因而从句成分不完整;而结果状语从句中的连接词不作任何句子成分,因此句子成分完整。 It is such an interesting book as we all like. 它是我们大家都喜欢的如此有趣的书。(定语从句) It is such an interesting book that we all like it. 它是一本如此有趣的书,我么大家都喜欢它。(结果状语从句) 比较:It is such an interesting book that we all like. 强调句型。意思是:我们大家都喜欢的是一本如此有趣的书。 6)定语从句与独立主格结构的区别 定语从句一般有关系词、主谓结构完整;而独立主格结构没有关系词、也没有谓语动词。 The book being very interesting, we all like it. 由于这本书有趣,我们大家都喜欢它。 The book which / that is very interesting was published last year. 这本有趣的书是去年出版的。 七、定语从句考点的解题关键: 1.认识主句结构 主句结构完整,定语从句通常是修饰、说明和限制主句中的主语、宾语或表语。 2.避免成分重复 在定语从句中,不管是关系代词还是关系副词,都已经代替先行词在定语从句中充当了某一成分,关系代词通常充当主语、宾语、表语等;关系副词通常充当状语。因此,定语从句中不能再出现与关系代词或关系副词相重复的成分。 3.确定句子成分 首先要结合选项对题干进行整体感知,确定定语从句的位置及其涉及的内容;其次,根据定语从句中所缺少的成分,分析关系词在定语从句中所作的成分,然后选出正确的选项。 4.弄清逻辑线索 在突破有关“介词+关系代词”类型的定语从句试题时,一方面,分析定语从句中的谓语动词(该动词是不及物动词)习惯上常与什么介词搭配使用。另一方面,要考虑和先行词的搭配习惯。弄清“动词——介词——先行词”的线索对正确地确定介词非常关键。 5.“分隔式”定语从句 先行词和从句部分被谓语或状语等成分分隔时,应先把“分隔”成分分离出来,简化题干结构,再分析解答。 6.留心标点符号 有无逗号把定语从句分为限制性和非限制性两种。充分运用逗号所表达的逻辑结构和意义,对正确掌握定语从句、准确理解语境意义很有帮助。 7.注意三大从句的区别 定语从句前必须有先行词;状语从句修饰谓语动词或整个句子;而名词性从句则是单独充当主语、表语、宾语或同位语。 8.弄清位置和意义 在as或which引导的定语从句中,要注意两者引导的定语从句在整句中的位置;注意两者在翻译时的不同表达。 八、定语从句考点的解题注意事项: 1.确定是定语从句 空处无提示词,且空前的主句完整;空后的句子不完整,且对空前的某一名词或代词起限定作用,就要考虑填定语从句关系词。 2.掌握三步法解题技巧 (1)分清限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句。 ①先行词的后面出现逗号,是非限制性定语从句。 ②that不能引导非限制性定语从句。 ③which引导非限制性定语从句,可以代表主句的全部或部分内容;代表整个主句时,which意为“这一点”。 ④as引导非限制性定语从句,可置于句中或句首,意为“正如”。其后的谓语动词多是be seen, be known, be reported, be mentioned, be said, be often the case等。 (2)寻找先行词,判断属性(指人还是指物,表示时间,地点,还是原因)。 ①先行词指人:that/who/whom/whose; ②先行词指物:that/which/whose; ③表示时间/地点/原因:when/where/why。 (3)判断定语从句所缺成分,确定关系词。 ①缺少主语:that/which/who; ②缺少动词的宾语:that/which/who/whom; ③缺少定语:whose; ④缺少时间、地点或原因状语时分别用when、where、why。 知识点2 定语从句在写作中的应用 定语从句是写作中经常用到的句式,以下是常用句式。 1.as引导的定语从句,“正如,正像”,既可位于句首也可位于句末。 1)As we all know, .... = As is known to us all, ... = What we all know is that...(主从)= It is known to us all that ...(主从) 众所周知…… 2)The main reason why...is that .... ……的主要原因是…… 3)As an old saying goes, ...= As the proverb says, ...正如谚语所说…… 4)As sb. put it, ... 正如某人所说,…… 5)As is often the case, ...通常情况下…… 6)As mentioned above, ...如上所述,…… 7)As is shown in the chart,...“正如图表所显示的那样,……” 2. 关系代词引导的定语从句 ①At weekends,it is available all day for all the students who are interested in sports events. 在周末,它可以为所有对体育赛事感兴趣的学生全天开放。 ②As for me,I usually help to do some housework,which can not only strengthen my family bond,but also relieve the burdens of my parents. 对于我来说,我经常帮助做些家务,这不仅可以加强我的家庭关系,也减轻了父母的负担。 3. 关系副词when/where/why引导的定语从句 ①Our class is planning to cycle the West Lake to watch the dragon boat race on May 30,when the Dragon Boat Festival is celebrated nationwide. 我们班计划5月30号骑自行车去西湖观看龙舟赛,那时全国范围内都在庆祝端午节。 ②The Sports Club is located in our school’s gym,where a variety of activities are held every afternoon after school. 体育俱乐部位于我们学校的体育馆,每天下午放学后在那里举行各种各样的活动。 4. 介词+which/whom 引导的定语从句 both/all/none of whom/which 引导的定语从句 ①Luckily,we’ll have a chance to enjoy the traditional Dragon Boat Race this time,from which you will get a better understanding of Chinese culture. 幸运的是,这次我们将有观赏龙舟赛的机会,从中你会对中国文化有更好的了解。 ②We are going to hold an activity in our school,the topic of which is “Enjoy Chinese Classical Poetry”. 我们将要在学校举办一个活动,主题是“欣赏中国古典诗歌”。 5. 定语从句写作时需避免的几种情况 1.误用关系词 误:I live in Beijing, where is the capital of China. 正:I live in Beijing, which is the capital of China. 误:I have a friend, who’s name is Liu Mei. 正:I have a friend, whose name is Liu Mei. 2.句子成分残缺 误:There were many students took part in the English competition. 正:There were many students who took part in the English competition. 误:Those who in favor of the proposal, please raise your hands. 正:Those who are in favor of the proposal, please raise your hands. 3.有多余的代词或副词 误:The film I saw it last night was really very good. 正:The film I saw last night was really very good. 误:Last week, I returned to the village where I grew up there in my childhood. 正:Last week, I returned to the village where I grew up in my childhood. 4.混淆定语从句与并列句 误:In fact, smoking is a bad habit, it does great harm to people’s health. 正:In fact, smoking is a bad habit, which/and it does great harm to people’s health. 误:His parents told him many times not to play beside the river, it didn’t help. 正:His parents told him many times not to play beside the river, which/but it didn’t help. 考向1 定语从句中主谓一致与其他从句的辨析 例1 【2024北京卷】 When we slow down, we create space to reflect on our thoughts and emotions, which helps us identify important areas of our lives and ___13___ (give) us the opportunity to make right choices. 【变式训练1】The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that __________ (be)previously unprotected....After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. 【变式训练2】However, after 2012 the number of mid-lake islands _________ the gulls made their nests kept decreasing, leading to the number of the baby gulls dropping to 2,000. 考向2 定语从句在写作中的应用 例1 把下面2个简单句合并一个含有定语从句的主从复合句。 1.I’ve always longed for the days. I will be able to be independent then. _______________________________________________________________________________ 2.I have a friend. Her father is an engineer. _______________________________________________________________________________ 3.This is the best method. It can be used against pollution. _______________________________________________________________________________ 4.You know, my uncle Li Ming is going to the city to attend an international meeting. You live there. _______________________________________________________________________________ 5.We all like our English teacher. We have learned a lot from her. _______________________________________________________________________________ 04真题溯源·考向感知 1.(2025·北京·高考) However, according to a report by the World Wildlife Fund, tourists ____left18____ (leave) over 1.3 billion tons of food waste last year, ____19____ accounted for about 8% of the total global gas release in 2024. 2.(2024·北京·高考) Tinniswood, 17 doesn’t smoke and rarely drinks, credited moderation for helping him stay healthy during his long life. “If you eat too much or do too much of anything, you’re going to suffer eventually,” he said. 3.(2023·北京·高考) Nina recently finished her year-long series of runs in Chicago, 18 thousands were attending a water conference. 4.(2022·北京·高考) That includes cups, bottles, and bags, most of 18 are only good for one use. 5.(2021·北京·高考) Dreams might be a side effect of memory making.When you sleep,your brain sorts through everything 12 happened during the day,trying to link new experiences to old memories. 1 / 1 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$ 第18讲 定语从句满分指南 目录 01 考情解码·命题预警 2 02 体系构建·思维可视 3 03 核心突破·靶向攻坚 4 考点一 关系代词 5 知识点1 常见关系代词的基本用法 5 知识点2 “介词+关系代词”引导定语从句 9 考向1 关系代词辨析 11 思维建模 关系代词的区分 11 考向2 “介词+关系代词”引导定语从句 12 思维建模 介词+关系代词解题关键点 13 考点二 关系副词 14 知识点 关系副词基本用法 14 考向 关系副词基本用法 15 考点三 定语从句中其它考点和写作中的应用 17 知识点1 定语从句中其它考点 17 知识点2 定语从句在写作中的应用 23 考向1 定语从句中主谓一致与其他从句的辨析 24 考向2 定语从句在写作中的应用 25 04真题溯源·考向感知 26 01 考情解码·命题预警 考点要求 考察形式 2025年 2024年 2023年 2022年 2021年 关系代词 选择题 非选择题 T.19 which(非限) T.17 who(非限) \ T18.which(限制) T. 12 that 关系副词 选择题 非选择题 \ \ T.18where(非限) \ T.15 where 定语从句其它考点和写作中的应用 选择题 非选择题 广泛存在于阅读理解、完形填空和写作中 考情分析: 1. 命题题型与内容特点 高频考点集中:近五年(2021-2025)北京卷对关系代词的考查占比达80%(尤其which在非限制性从句中的用法连续两年出现),关系副词以where为主(2023年非限制性用法)。 2. 题型分布: 1)关系代词:以语法填空(非选择题)为主。 2)关系副词:仅在非选择题出现(如2023年T18),且多结合抽象地点名词(如situation/case)。 3)其他考点(介词+关系代词、限制性vs非限制性从句)隐性渗透于阅读理解长难句分析和写作应用。 3. 命题思路与趋势 1)重语境应用:淡化机械规则,强调从句在语篇中的逻辑衔接功能(如2025年T19用which指代前文整句概念)。 2)非限制性从句为热点:五年内4次考查(占比67%),突出对逗号隔开结构的敏感度训练。 3)写作融合导向:引导在输出中运用复杂句式(如"介词+which"丰富表达),呼应新课标对语言能力的要求。 预测2026年延续"非限制性从句+关系副词抽象化用法"(如where修饰stage/culture),可能提升"as引导从句"的命题权重。 复习目标: 1.系统复习并掌握关系代词的用法; 2.系统分析并掌握关系副词的用法; 3.系统复习并掌握介词+关系代词的用法; 4.辨析限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句; 5.系统复习并掌握定语从句中的重难易错点。 02 体系构建·思维可视 03 核心突破·靶向攻坚 必备基础知识: 1) 定语从句的概念 在复合句中,修饰限定某一名词(或代词)的句子,叫定语从句。定语从句在复合句中相当于形容词,故又称为形容词性从句。 2) 定语从句的位置 定语从句常置于被修饰词之后;as引导的非限制性定语从句可置于主句前、句中,也可置于主句之后。 3) 定语从句的功能 相当于形容词,修饰名词或代词,在句中作定语。 4) 定语从句的类别 定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两类。 5) 先行词 定语从句修饰的名词和代词叫先行词。 6)关系词的三大作用 1. 替代作用:在定语从句中替代先行词。 2. 成分作用:在定语从句中充当句子成分。 3. 连接作用:连接主句和定语从句。 关系代词/副词 先行词 在从句中的作用 who 人 主语、宾语 whom 人 宾语 which 物 主语、宾语 that 人或物 主语、宾语、表语、状语 whose 人或物 定语 as 人或物 主语、宾语、表语 when 时间名词 时间状语 where 地点名词或抽象名词(situation,point,activity,case,stage等) 地点状语 why the reason 原因状语 考点一 关系代词 知识点1 常见关系代词的基本用法 1. that 可指人或物;在定语从句中作主语,宾语,表语。指人时,相当于who或 whom;指物时,相当于which。不能引导非限制性定语从句;不可置于介词后作宾语。 2. which 指物;在定语从句中作主语,宾语。如: The book which/that was on the desk was bought by my father.(主语) 3. who, whom, whose (1)who: 主格, 在从句中作主语,只可指人 (2)whom: 宾格,在从句中只能作宾语; 只可指人 (3)whose: 表所属关系,在从句中作定语。译为:某人的,某物的 (4)whose + 名词 =the + n. + of which (某物的) = he + n. + of whom (某人的) 注意: ① 关系代词作介词宾语 (在定语从句中,介词提前时,介词后:表人用 whom;表物用 which) ② 关系代词在定语从句中用作介词宾语时, 介词可放于从句之首, 也可放于从句之末. 但以放于句首较为正式.(介词前置,必须注意不影响动词词组的含义。关系代词who 和 that 用作介词宾语时, 介词必须放在句末。) There are 30 students in this class, who are from the north of China. 这个班里有30名学生,他们来自中国北方。 Do you know the boy whose handwriting is very beautiful? 你认识那个书法非常漂亮的男孩吗? I'd like a room whose window looks out over the sea. →I'd like a room, the window of which looks out over the sea. →I'd like a room, of which the window looks out over the sea. 我想要一个窗户朝向大海的房间。 4. as a:as作为关系代词,常常用于固定句型中。 the same...as , as, such....as , so....as They could only read such stories as had been rewritten in simple English.(as作主语) 他们只能读类似这样的一些用简易英语改写的故事。 These houses are sold at such a low price as people expected.(as作宾语) 这些房子以人们期望的低价出售。 This is the same knife as I lost.(as作宾语) 这把小刀和我丢的那把很相似。 b:such ... as ... 与such ... that ... 的区别 such ... as ... 中的as引导的是定语从句,而such ... that ... 中的that引导的是结果状语从句。当as引导定语从句时,as在从句中一般作主语或宾语,而that引导结果状语从句时,that在从句中不作任何成分。 This is such a difficult problem as most of us can't work out. 这是一个我们大多数人都不能解决的难题。 (从句中的work out缺少宾语,前面的as是关系代词,用作work out的宾语。) She is such a kind girl that many students like her. 她是个善良的女孩所以很多学生喜欢她。 (状语从句是完整的句子,前面的that只起引导从句的作用,在从句中不作成分。) 二、that、 which的辨析 1. 只能用that,不能用which的情况 (1)先行词是all,something,everything,anything,nothing,little,much,few等不定代词或先行词被all,any,every,no,little,much,some等词修饰。 ☞All the people that come from the country work much harder. 所有来自农村的人工作都更努力得多。 (2)先行词被序数词、 形容词最高级、 the only, the very, the last等修饰时, 关系代词通常只用that, 不用which.如: ☞The first English novel that I read was Cities. 我读的第一本英文小说是《城市》。 This is one of the most exciting football games that I have ever seen. 这是我见过的最激动人心的足球比赛之一。 This is the only thing that we can do now. 这是我们现在惟一能做的事情。 (3)先行词既有人又有物时, 关系代词只用that, 不用which.如: The scientist and his achievements that you told me about are admired by us all. 我们所有人都钦佩你告诉我的那位科学家和他所取得的成就。 The foreign visitors spoke highly of the pioneers and their performances that they saw at the Children’s Palace. 外国游客高度赞扬了他们在少年宫所看到的少先队员以及他们的表演。 (4) 关系代词在限定性定语从句中作表语并带有类比含义时, 通常只用that, 不用which.如:  He is no longer the star that he was. 他不再是过去的那位明星了。 Our school is no longer the school that it used to be. 我们的学校不再是以前的那所学校了。 (5) 句中其他位置已出现which, 为避免重复, 不用which而用that引导限定性定语从句。如: Which is the car that has overtaken us? 超过我们的是哪辆车? 2. 只用which,不能用that的情况 (1) 在介词提前到关系代词之前形成“介词+关系代词”结构来修饰表事物的先行词时, 关系代词必须用which.如: The house in which we live is very large. 我们住的房子非常大。 This is the reference book of which the teacher is speaking. 这就是老师正在谈及的那本参考书。 【易错提醒】 如果介词不放在修饰事物的限定性定语从句的句首, which就可换为that, 如: This is the question which/that we’ve had so much discussion about. =This is the question about which we’ve had so much discussion. 这就是我们已经多次讨论过的问题。 (2) 先行词为“those+表事物的复数名词”时, 关系代词通常只用which而不用that.例如: Students should keep in mind those regulations which restrict their behavior. 学生应牢记那些规范自己的行为准则。 A bookshop should deal with a variety of those best sellers which are newly published. 书店应该经营新出版的各种畅销书。 (3)当先行词指物,关系词在句中作主语或宾语,引导非限制性定语从句的关系词只能用which,而不用that。 三、 as,which的辨析 一、相同点 两者引导非限制性定语从句时,可指代主句中的部分或整个句子的内容,在从句中作主语、宾语或表语,位于主句之后有时可互换。 The meeting was put off, as /which was exactly what we wanted. 会议被推迟了,这正是我们想要的。 He was a doctor, as/which I knew from his manner. 他是一名医生,我是从他的举止中知道的。 二、不同点 1. as可以放在主句前后,也可插入主句之中;而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能位于主句之后。 As is known to all, fish can’t live without water. 众所周知,鱼离开水无法生存。 Air, as we know, is gas. 正如我们所知,空气是气体。 2. 在非限制性定语从句中,which后的be动词不可省;而as后的be动词可以省略。 She told me she won the match, which was a lie. 她告诉我们她赢得了比赛,这是一个谎言。 The material is elastic, as (was) shown in the figure. 这种材料是有弹性的,正如图中所示。 3. which在非限制性定语从句中作主语时可用各类动词作谓语;而as作主语时,谓语常用系动词,如be,seem,become等,一般不用其他行为动词。 He saw the girl, which delighted him. 他看见了那个女孩,这让他很高兴。 He didn’t say anything at the meeting, as/which seemed very strange. 他在会议上一言未发,这看起来非常奇怪。 4. as常用"正如"含义, 常用的结构有as we know(众所周知);as often happens(正如常发生的那样); as is often the case(情况常常如此);as we all can see(正如我们看到的); be announced / expected / known / imagined / mentioned / said / shown / reported等。 这些结构常放句首,偶尔也可以放句中或句末。 As is known to all, China is a developing country. 众所周知,中国是一个发展中国家。 Kate was late for school, as often happened. 凯特上学迟到了,正如常发生的那样。 5. 在非限制性定语从句中,which可指代主句中的某一个单词,as不可以。 My brother enjoyed playing basketball, which he really plays well. 我哥哥喜欢打篮球,他打得非常好。 Beijing, which he was born in, is our capital. 北京,他出生的地方,是我们的首都。 6. "介词+关系代词(介宾代物)"中关系代词只能用which。 The Travel Agency, with which our company has been dealing for several years, has opened for new branches.那家与我们交易了好几年的旅行社又开了新的分店。 Air is a mixture of gases, of which oxygen forms 21 percent. 空气是一种气体的综合体,其中氧气占了21%。 7. 从句中的谓语动词是否定形式时,常用which。 He can write a letter in English, which I can not. 他可以用英语写信,我不能。 Metal will bear beating with a hammer, which a stone will not. 金属能承受得住用锤子敲打,但是石头则不能。 8. 非限制性定语从句中的关系代词代表前面主句中的宾语从句时,常用which。 He said he had passed the exam, which was untrue. 他说他通过了考试,这是假的。 得分速记 ①只用that不用which引导定语从句的情况 (1)先行词为不定代词anything, nothing, something, everything, all, some, none, little, few, the one等时。 (2)先行词是形容词最高级或序数词,或先行词前有形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。 (3)先行词被the only, the very, the last, the same, any, every, each, few, little, no, some, all等修饰时。 (4)先行词中既有表示人又有表示物的名词时。 ②as和which的区别 (1)which引导的非限制性定语从句只能位于主句之后,as引导的从句可位于主句之前、之中和之后。 (2)as常用的这种类似插入语的句式有:as the saying goes, as is said above, as is mentioned above, as often happens, as is often the case, as is reported in the newspaper等。 ③as引导的定语从句常出现于the same…as…,such…as…,as…as…和so…as…结构中。 当定语从句的先行词被the same,such,as 或so修饰时,关系代词可选as,且不能省略。 知识点2 “介词+关系代词”引导定语从句 1 关系代词的确定 在介词后作宾语的关系代词只有which和whom。如果先行词是物,引导词用which;如果先行词是人,则引导词用whom。 This is the train on which I went to Shanghai. 这就是我去上海所乘坐的那列火车。 This is the student for whom I bought the dictionary. 这就是我为他买词典的那个学生。 【易错提醒】 介词一般放在关系代词which和whom之前,如果介词和句中动词组成固定词组时,这个介词一般不前置。 My youngest brother,whom I have to look after,is demanding. 我得照看我最小的弟弟,他真是让人费神。 2 关系代词前介词的确定 a. 依据定语从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配来确定。 The fellow to whom I spoke made no answer at first. 我与之说话的那个人起初没有回答。(speak to) The West Lake, for which Hangzhou is famous, is a beautiful place. 西湖是一个美丽的地方,杭州因此而闻名。(be famous for) a. 根据先行词来确定。 I'll never forget the time during which I spent my childhood in the country. 我永远不会忘记我在乡村度过的童年时光。(during the time) Air, without which man can't live, is really important. 空气真的很重要,没有它人类就不能生存。(without air) 3 “名词/代词+介词+关系代词”结构 此类结构常见的有“some/many/most/all/none+of+which/whom”等。 Here are the questions, some of which I think are difficult for you. 问题都在这儿,其中一些我认为对你来说很难。 He has three sons, none of whom are doctors. 他有三个儿子,没有一个是当医生的。 4 “复合介词短语+关系代词which” 从句部分常与先行词用逗号隔开,且从句部分常用倒装语序。 He lived in a big house, in front of which stood a big tree. 他住在一所大房子里,房子前面有一棵大树。 5 “介词+which/whom+不定式” The poor man has no house in which to live. →The poor man has no house to live in. →The poor man has no house in which he can live. 那个穷人没房子住。 【知识拓展】 有时为表达清楚,也可以在关系副词where/when前加介词from/to等,平时也应掌握,但非高考重点。 China is the birthplace of kites,from where kite flying spreads to Japan,Thailand,India and so on. 中国是风筝的发源地,从这里,放风筝传到了日本、泰国、印度等国家。 考向1 关系代词辨析 例1 (2025·北京·高考) However, according to a report by the World Wildlife Fund, tourists ____left18____ (leave) over 1.3 billion tons of food waste last year, ____19____ accounted for about 8% of the total global gas release in 2024. 【解析】19.考查定语从句关系代词。句意:然而,根据世界野生动物基金会的一份报告,去年游客留下了超过13亿吨的食物垃圾,约占2024年全球气体排放总量的8%。此句为非限制性定语从句,先行词是“1.3 billion tons of food waste”,指物,关系词在从句中作主语,用which引导。故填which。 思维建模 关系代词的区分 【变式训练1】By comparing the plant with several known Oreocharis species, the researchers have confirmed it is a new species has many unique characteristics. 【答案】that/ which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意:通过与几个已知的马铃苣苔属物种进行比较,研究人员证实了它是一个具有许多独特特征的新物种。此处是定语从句,先行词species指代物,关系词在定语从句中充当主语,所以此处要用 that或 which引导这个定语从句。故填that/ which。 【变式训练2】 Pablo Picasso is one of the most famous artists in the world, _______full name is really a long one, in fact a mixture of many names. 【答案】whose 【解析】查定语从句。句意:巴勃罗·毕加索是世界上最著名的艺术家之一,他的全名其实是一个很长的名字,实际上是许多名字的混合体。分析可知,  2 full name is really a long one在句中为非限制性定语从句,先行词为Pablo Picasso,空处在从句中作定语,指毕加索的全名,所以用关系代词whose,故填whose。 【变式训练3】The students benefiting most from college are those are totally engaged (参与) in academic life, taking full advantage of the college's chances and resources (资源). 【答案】who 【知识点】who、关系代词who引导限制性定语从句 【详解】考查定语从句。句意:从大学中获益最多的是那些完全投入到学术生活中,充分利用大学的机会和资源的学生。分析句子可知,空处引导定语从句,先行词为those,指大学生们,从句缺少主语,为避免重复,通常用who引导定语从句。故填who。 考向2 “介词+关系代词”引导定语从句 例2 The dances, through people can improve coordination and heart health, involve detailed footwork and rhythmic movements. 【答案】which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意:这些舞蹈通过详细的脚步动作和节奏性的运动,有助于提高协调性和心脏健康。空处引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词dances,空处与空前through构成“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句,先行词指物,作介词through的宾语,应用关系代词which。故填which。 思维建模 介词+关系代词解题关键点 【变式训练1】Hua Mulan, the story of has been told by generations in China, is a fighter from the Northern Wei Dynasty (386-534). 【答案】whom 【知识点】whom、“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句 【详解】考查定语从句。句意:花木兰是北魏(386-534)的一位战士,中国历代都有花木兰的故事。分析句子可知,此处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是Hua Mulan,为人,作介词of后宾语,应用关系代词whom引导。故填whom。 【传统文化与学科知识结合】 【变式训练2】There are many different types of quyi-performance in China, such as comic dialogues, degu, pingshu and shuanghuang, among the crosstalk is most popular, 【答案】which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意:在中国有许多不同类型的曲艺表演,如相声、德鼓、评书和双簧,其中最受欢迎的是相声。此处为“介词+关系代词”结构非限制性定语从句修饰先行词types,作介词的宾语,指物,故填which。 考点二 关系副词 知识点 关系副词基本用法 当定语从句中不缺少主语、宾语、定语和表语时,要选用关系副词。其中when, where, why是常见的三个关系副词。 关系副词 先行词 作用 when 时间名词 时间状语 表时间的介词(如:in, on, at, during等)+which; where 地点名词或抽象名词(situation,point,activity,case,stage等) 地点状语 表地点的介词(如:in, at, on, under等)+which; why the reason 原因状语 表原因的介词(如:for)+which。 We will put off the picnic in the park until next week,when the weather may be better. 我们将把在公园里的野餐推迟到下个星期,那时候天气可能会更好。 Do you know the reason why he didn't attend the meeting yesterday? 你知道他昨天为什么没有出席会议的原因吗? 1. when的用法 when修饰时间名词,在从句中作时间状语。其先行词通常为time, day, year, week等。 I'll never forget the day when my son was born. 我永远忘不了我儿子出生的那一天。 易错点:当表示时间的先行词在从句中作主语或宾语时,关系词不用when而用that或which。 The season which/that they were talking about was autumn. 他们正在谈论的季节是秋天。 2. where的用法 b. where用于修饰地点名词如place, park, factory, house等。在从句中作地点状语,相当于介词+which。 Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment where they live. 现在人们更加关心他们居住的环境。 b.当先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词,如:point, situation, case, stage, family等时,如果引导词在从句中作状语,常用关系副词where引导定语从句;如果不作状语,则用关系代词that/which。 Students should involve themselves in community activities where they can gain experience for growth. 学生应该参与社区活动,在那里他们可以获得成长的经验。 Remember that there is still one point that/which we must make clear at the conference tomorrow. 记住在明天的会议上我们还有一点必须弄清楚。 She's in a hopeless situation,where we will keep a very close eye on her. 她处于无望的处境中,在这种情况下我们将密切注意她。 c.先行词occasion当“时刻”讲时,用关系副词when;当“场合”讲时,用关系副词where。 Please describe an occasion where you met real difficulties. 请描述你遇到真正困境的场景。 Occasions are rare when I have the time to spend a day with my kids. 我有时间和孩子们度过一天的时机很少。 3. why的用法 why相当于for which, 在从句中作原因状语,但若关系词在定语从句中作主语或宾语时,定语从句要用that或which引导。 Can you tell me the reason why(=for which) you are late again? 你能告诉我你再次迟到的原因吗? The boss doesn’t want to hear any reason (that/which) you might give. 老板不想听你所提出的任何理由。 得分速记 考向 关系副词基本用法 例1 On the other hand, the Chinese Spring Festival is a festival marking the turn of the calendar year. It’s a time ________ millions of people travel home to be with their families, engaging in traditions such as cleaning houses, cooking special dishes, and setting off fireworks. 【答案】when 【解析】考查定语从句。句意:这是数百万人回家与家人团聚的时候,他们会从事一些传统活动,比如打扫房屋、做特别的菜肴、放烟花。空格处引导的是限制性定语从句,从句中不缺主语或宾语,先行词time是时间,因此空格处用关系副词when引导定语从句,在从句中作时间状语,故填when。 思维建模 解题指导 【变式训练1】It has become a cultural landmark of the Yellow River Basin visitors can view the river passing through the city and watch exhibitions showing its long history and diverse cultures. 【答案】where 【解析】考查定语从句。句意:它已经成为黄河流域的一个文化地标,游客可以在这里看到河流穿过城市,观看展示其悠久历史和多元文化的展览。定语从句修饰先行词landmark,从句缺少地点状语,故用where引导。故填where。 【变式训练2】The girl refused to tell the reason _________she became interested in the film. 【答案】why 【解析】考查定语从句的关系副词。句意:这个女孩拒绝告诉她对这部电影感兴趣的原因。此处reason是先行词,在从句中作原因状语。故填why。 考点三 定语从句中其它考点和写作中的应用 知识点1 定语从句中其它考点 一、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别 1. 形式不同 限制性定语从句主句和从句之间不用逗号隔开,口语中使用时也不停顿;而非限制性定语从句与主句之间通常有逗号隔开,口语中使用时有停顿。 2. 功能不同 限制性定语从句用于对先行词的意义进行修饰、限制和识别,如果去掉,就会造成句意不完整或概念不清;而非限制性定语从句用于对先行词起补充说明作用,如果省略,句意仍然清楚、完整。 People who take physical exercise live longer. 进行体育锻炼的人活得长些。(若把从句去掉句子就失去意义) His daughter, who is in Boston now, is coming home next week. 他女儿现在在波士顿,下星期回来。(若把从句去掉,句子意义仍然完整) 3. 翻译不同 在翻译定语从句时,一般把限制性定语从句翻译在它所修饰的先行词之前,而把非限制性定语从句与主句分开。 He is the man whose car was stolen. 他就是汽车被窃的那个人。 I’ve invited Jim, who lives in the next flat. 我邀请了吉姆,他就住在隔壁。 4. 含义不同 比较下面的两个句子: I have a sister who is a doctor. 我有一个医生的姐姐。(姐姐不止一个) I have a sister, who is a doctor. 我有一个姐姐,她是当医生的。(只有一个姐姐) 5. 先行词不同 限制性定语从句的先行词只能是名词或代词,而非限制性定语从句的先行词则可以是名词或代词,也可以是短语或句子;另外,当先行词为专有名词或其他具有独一无二性的普通名词时,通常要用非限制性定语从句,而不用限制性定语从句。 Peter drove too fast, which was dangerous. 彼得开车很快,这是很危险的。(which指drive too fast) He changed his mind, which made me very angry. 他改变了主意,这使我很生气。(which指整个主句) Mr. Smith, who is our boss, will leave for Japan next week. 我们的老板史密斯先生下周要去日本。(先行词为专有名词,要用非限制性定语从句修饰) Her father, who has a lot of money, wishes her to study abroad. 她父亲很有钱,希望她出国学习。(先行词为表独一无二意义的普通名词,要用非限制性定语从句修饰) 6. 关系词不同 关系词that和why可用于限制性定语从句中,通常不用于非限制性定语从句;另外,在限制性定语从句中,关系词有时可以省略,而在非限制性定语从句中关系词一律不能省略。 二、定语从句中的主谓一致 1)在定语从句中,谓语动词的单数,复数依据它所修饰的先行词。 I, who am your teacher, will help you with everything. He who breaks the school rules should be punished. Those who break the school rules should be punished. Anyone who breaks the school rules should be punished. 2). One of +the+复数名词+定语从句,谓语动词用复数,the only one of +the 复数名词+定语从句,谓语动词用单数。 He is one of the teachers in our school who teach well. He is the only one of the teachers in our school who teaches well. 三、the way 后接定语从句的情况 1.在定语从句中,the way在从句中充当方式状语时,其后的关系词可以是in which,that或省略;但是当它在从句中充当主语、宾语等成分时,其后的关系词就用that或which。 2.先行词time作“次数”讲时,应用关系代词that引导定语从句,that可省略;当先行词time作“一段时间,时代”讲且作状语时,应用关系副词when或“介词at/during+which”引导定语从句。 ①What surprised me was not what he said but the wayhe said it. 让我吃惊的不是他说的话,而是他说话的方式。 ②The way he explained to us was quite simple. 他向我们解释的那种方法很简单。 ③It's not the first time (that) you've found yourself in this situation. 你陷入这种状况已经不是第一次了。 ④There was a time when/during which each teacher spent an hour,one day a week,testing pupils in every subject. 曾经,每个老师每周都有一天花上一小时对学生的每门功课进行测试。 四、time后接定语从句的情况 先行词是time时,若time作“次数”讲,应用关系代词that引导定语从句,that可省略;若time作“一段时间,时代”讲,应用关系副词when或“介词at/during+which”引导定语从句。 This is the first time (that) I have talked with a foreigner face to face. 这是我第一次和一个外国人面对面交流。 There was a time when I hated going to school. 曾经有一段时间我讨厌上学。 五、关系代词和关系副词的辨析 用法 依据 根据从句谓语动词 若是及物动词,后面若无宾语,用关系代词;若是不及物动词则用关系副词。 根据关系词在从句中作的成分 把关系词放进定语从句中,若作主语或宾语用关系代词;作状语则用关系副词。 先行词是表示时间或地点等的名词时,如果先行词一样,但是关系词在从句中所作的成分不同,那么所用关系词也不同。具体分为以下几点: 1.先行词是表示时间或地点的名词 若关系词在从句中作时间状语或地点状语,则用when或where;若作主语、宾语等,则用that或which。 The date (that/which) I'll always remember is Oct.28, 1968. 我会一直记得的日子是1968年10月28日。(that/which在从句中作宾语) The date when I was born is Oct.28, 1968. 我出生的日子是1968年10月28日。(when在从句中作时间状语) After about an hour's drive, we reached the small town where I was brought up and which/that is located at the foot of the mountain. 大约一个小时的车程之后,我们抵达这个小镇。我就是在这个小镇长大的,它坐落在山脚下。(where在从句中作地点状语;which/that在从句中作主语) 2.先行词是表示原因的名词reason若关系词在从句中作原因状语,则用why;若作主语、宾语等,则用that或which。 ►The reason (which/that) he told me for his being late is that he got up late.他告诉我他迟到的原因是他起床晚了。(which/that在从句中作宾语) 特别提醒  遇到类似的题目,考生应特别注意从句中动词是及物动词还是不及物动词。及物动词后应接宾语;不及物动词后如有介词,可加宾语,如无介词,则应用关系副词。 ►The reason why he was late is that he got up late.他迟到的原因是他起床晚了。(why在从句中作原因状语) 六、定语从句与其它句型的辨析 1)限制性定语从句与同位语从句的区别 关系副词引导限制性定语从句中的关系词有跟他们含义相应的先行词,而引导同位语从句时则没有与他们含义相应的先行词。 Sorry, I’ve forgot the day when we met for the first time. 抱歉,我记不起我们第一次见面的日子了。(定语从句,先行词the day 与when含义相应) I’ve no idea when we met for the first time. 我不知道我们第一次是什么时候见面的。(同位语从句,idea与when没有任何联系) 2)定语从句与时间状语从句的区别 当定语从句的引导词与时间状语从句的连接词都是when时,定语从句修饰、限制、说明时间名词,只能放在先行词的后面;而时间状语从句说明动作发生的情况,并且可以放在主句的前面。 Do you know the time when the class is over? 你知道下课的时间吗?(定语从句) It was already five o’clock when the class was over. =When the class was over, it was already five o’clock. 当课结束时,已经是五点钟了。(时间状语从句) 3)定语从句与地点状语从句的区别 当定语从句的引导词与地点状语从句的连接词都是where时,定语从句修饰、限制、说明地点名词;而状语从句则说明动作发生的地点,where没有对应的地点名词或代词。 This is the place where we used to live a few years ago. 这就是几年前我们常居住的地方。(定语从句) Let’s go where we can find a better job. 我们到我们能找到更好工作的地方去吧。(地点状语从句) 4)定语从句与强调句型的区别 定语从句对名词或代词的修饰和限制,关系词可能是that, which, as, who, but, 另一方面,句子中的It有所指;而强调句型是对某部分加强语气,强调语气的连接词只能是that, who,并且句子中的It 没有任何意义;一般比较明显,而有时就难以区别,还需要根据上下文的语境来判断。 It is a book that he wants. 它究竟是强调句型还是定语从句,就要从语境上来考察。如果它是用来回答What is this / that? 这样的问题,意思是:它是一本他想要的书。句子显然是定语从句。如果是用来回答What does he want? 这样的问题,那么意思是:他想要的是一本书。显然,句子是强调句型。 5)定语从句与结果状语从句的区别 定语从句中的关系词在从句中还要作某种成分,因而从句成分不完整;而结果状语从句中的连接词不作任何句子成分,因此句子成分完整。 It is such an interesting book as we all like. 它是我们大家都喜欢的如此有趣的书。(定语从句) It is such an interesting book that we all like it. 它是一本如此有趣的书,我么大家都喜欢它。(结果状语从句) 比较:It is such an interesting book that we all like. 强调句型。意思是:我们大家都喜欢的是一本如此有趣的书。 6)定语从句与独立主格结构的区别 定语从句一般有关系词、主谓结构完整;而独立主格结构没有关系词、也没有谓语动词。 The book being very interesting, we all like it. 由于这本书有趣,我们大家都喜欢它。 The book which / that is very interesting was published last year. 这本有趣的书是去年出版的。 七、定语从句考点的解题关键: 1.认识主句结构 主句结构完整,定语从句通常是修饰、说明和限制主句中的主语、宾语或表语。 2.避免成分重复 在定语从句中,不管是关系代词还是关系副词,都已经代替先行词在定语从句中充当了某一成分,关系代词通常充当主语、宾语、表语等;关系副词通常充当状语。因此,定语从句中不能再出现与关系代词或关系副词相重复的成分。 3.确定句子成分 首先要结合选项对题干进行整体感知,确定定语从句的位置及其涉及的内容;其次,根据定语从句中所缺少的成分,分析关系词在定语从句中所作的成分,然后选出正确的选项。 4.弄清逻辑线索 在突破有关“介词+关系代词”类型的定语从句试题时,一方面,分析定语从句中的谓语动词(该动词是不及物动词)习惯上常与什么介词搭配使用。另一方面,要考虑和先行词的搭配习惯。弄清“动词——介词——先行词”的线索对正确地确定介词非常关键。 5.“分隔式”定语从句 先行词和从句部分被谓语或状语等成分分隔时,应先把“分隔”成分分离出来,简化题干结构,再分析解答。 6.留心标点符号 有无逗号把定语从句分为限制性和非限制性两种。充分运用逗号所表达的逻辑结构和意义,对正确掌握定语从句、准确理解语境意义很有帮助。 7.注意三大从句的区别 定语从句前必须有先行词;状语从句修饰谓语动词或整个句子;而名词性从句则是单独充当主语、表语、宾语或同位语。 8.弄清位置和意义 在as或which引导的定语从句中,要注意两者引导的定语从句在整句中的位置;注意两者在翻译时的不同表达。 八、定语从句考点的解题注意事项: 1.确定是定语从句 空处无提示词,且空前的主句完整;空后的句子不完整,且对空前的某一名词或代词起限定作用,就要考虑填定语从句关系词。 2.掌握三步法解题技巧 (1)分清限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句。 ①先行词的后面出现逗号,是非限制性定语从句。 ②that不能引导非限制性定语从句。 ③which引导非限制性定语从句,可以代表主句的全部或部分内容;代表整个主句时,which意为“这一点”。 ④as引导非限制性定语从句,可置于句中或句首,意为“正如”。其后的谓语动词多是be seen, be known, be reported, be mentioned, be said, be often the case等。 (2)寻找先行词,判断属性(指人还是指物,表示时间,地点,还是原因)。 ①先行词指人:that/who/whom/whose; ②先行词指物:that/which/whose; ③表示时间/地点/原因:when/where/why。 (3)判断定语从句所缺成分,确定关系词。 ①缺少主语:that/which/who; ②缺少动词的宾语:that/which/who/whom; ③缺少定语:whose; ④缺少时间、地点或原因状语时分别用when、where、why。 知识点2 定语从句在写作中的应用 定语从句是写作中经常用到的句式,以下是常用句式。 1.as引导的定语从句,“正如,正像”,既可位于句首也可位于句末。 1)As we all know, .... = As is known to us all, ... = What we all know is that...(主从)= It is known to us all that ...(主从) 众所周知…… 2)The main reason why...is that .... ……的主要原因是…… 3)As an old saying goes, ...= As the proverb says, ...正如谚语所说…… 4)As sb. put it, ... 正如某人所说,…… 5)As is often the case, ...通常情况下…… 6)As mentioned above, ...如上所述,…… 7)As is shown in the chart,...“正如图表所显示的那样,……” 2. 关系代词引导的定语从句 ①At weekends,it is available all day for all the students who are interested in sports events. 在周末,它可以为所有对体育赛事感兴趣的学生全天开放。 ②As for me,I usually help to do some housework,which can not only strengthen my family bond,but also relieve the burdens of my parents. 对于我来说,我经常帮助做些家务,这不仅可以加强我的家庭关系,也减轻了父母的负担。 3. 关系副词when/where/why引导的定语从句 ①Our class is planning to cycle the West Lake to watch the dragon boat race on May 30,when the Dragon Boat Festival is celebrated nationwide. 我们班计划5月30号骑自行车去西湖观看龙舟赛,那时全国范围内都在庆祝端午节。 ②The Sports Club is located in our school’s gym,where a variety of activities are held every afternoon after school. 体育俱乐部位于我们学校的体育馆,每天下午放学后在那里举行各种各样的活动。 4. 介词+which/whom 引导的定语从句 both/all/none of whom/which 引导的定语从句 ①Luckily,we’ll have a chance to enjoy the traditional Dragon Boat Race this time,from which you will get a better understanding of Chinese culture. 幸运的是,这次我们将有观赏龙舟赛的机会,从中你会对中国文化有更好的了解。 ②We are going to hold an activity in our school,the topic of which is “Enjoy Chinese Classical Poetry”. 我们将要在学校举办一个活动,主题是“欣赏中国古典诗歌”。 5. 定语从句写作时需避免的几种情况 1.误用关系词 误:I live in Beijing, where is the capital of China. 正:I live in Beijing, which is the capital of China. 误:I have a friend, who’s name is Liu Mei. 正:I have a friend, whose name is Liu Mei. 2.句子成分残缺 误:There were many students took part in the English competition. 正:There were many students who took part in the English competition. 误:Those who in favor of the proposal, please raise your hands. 正:Those who are in favor of the proposal, please raise your hands. 3.有多余的代词或副词 误:The film I saw it last night was really very good. 正:The film I saw last night was really very good. 误:Last week, I returned to the village where I grew up there in my childhood. 正:Last week, I returned to the village where I grew up in my childhood. 4.混淆定语从句与并列句 误:In fact, smoking is a bad habit, it does great harm to people’s health. 正:In fact, smoking is a bad habit, which/and it does great harm to people’s health. 误:His parents told him many times not to play beside the river, it didn’t help. 正:His parents told him many times not to play beside the river, which/but it didn’t help. 考向1 定语从句中主谓一致与其他从句的辨析 例1 【2024北京卷】 When we slow down, we create space to reflect on our thoughts and emotions, which helps us identify important areas of our lives and ___13___ (give) us the opportunity to make right choices. 【13题详解】 考查时态和主谓一致。句意:当我们放慢脚步时,我们会创造空间来反思我们的想法和情绪,这有助于我们确定生活中的重要领域,并给我们做出正确选择的机会。which引导的非限制性定语从句中,根据helps可知,从句使用一般现在时,which指代前边的整个句子,所以从句谓语应用第三人称单数形式gives,gives与helps并列,作并列谓语。故填gives。 【变式训练1】The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that __________ (be)previously unprotected....After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. 答案:were 解析:考查时态和主谓一致。句意:该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区,将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构,以提高效率,减少管理上的不一致性。设空处在that引导的限制性定语从句中作谓语,先行词为a significant number of areas,先行词在从句中作主语,根据“previously (之前地)”可知从句的时态应为一般过去时,根据主谓一致,从句主语复数,从句谓语复数形式。故填were。 【变式训练2】However, after 2012 the number of mid-lake islands _________ the gulls made their nests kept decreasing, leading to the number of the baby gulls dropping to 2,000. 【答案】where 【解析】考查定语从句。句意:然而,2012年之后,海鸥筑巢的湖中岛屿数量不断减少,导致小海鸥的数量降至2000只。分析句子结构,空处引导定语从句,先行词是mid-lake islands,代替先行词在句中作地点状语,应用关系副词where引导从句,故填where。 考向2 定语从句在写作中的应用 例1 把下面2个简单句合并一个含有定语从句的主从复合句。 1.I’ve always longed for the days. I will be able to be independent then. _______________________________________________________________________________ 2.I have a friend. Her father is an engineer. _______________________________________________________________________________ 3.This is the best method. It can be used against pollution. _______________________________________________________________________________ 4.You know, my uncle Li Ming is going to the city to attend an international meeting. You live there. _______________________________________________________________________________ 5.We all like our English teacher. We have learned a lot from her. _______________________________________________________________________________ 1. 【答案】 2. I’ve_always_longed_for_the_days_when_I_will_be_able_to_be_independent. 3. I_have_a_friend_whose_father_is_an_engineer. 3.This_is_the_best_method_that_can_be_used_against_pollution. 4.You_know,_my_uncle_Li_Ming_is_going_to_the_city_where_you_live_to_attend_an_international_meeting. 5.We_all_like_our_English_teacher_from_whom_we_have_learned_a_lot. 04真题溯源·考向感知 1.(2025·北京·高考) However, according to a report by the World Wildlife Fund, tourists ____left18____ (leave) over 1.3 billion tons of food waste last year, ____19____ accounted for about 8% of the total global gas release in 2024. 【解析】19.考查定语从句关系代词。句意:然而,根据世界野生动物基金会的一份报告,去年游客留下了超过13亿吨的食物垃圾,约占2024年全球气体排放总量的8%。此句为非限制性定语从句,先行词是“1.3 billion tons of food waste”,指物,关系词在从句中作主语,用which引导。故填which。 2.(2024·北京·高考) Tinniswood, 17 doesn’t smoke and rarely drinks, credited moderation for helping him stay healthy during his long life. “If you eat too much or do too much of anything, you’re going to suffer eventually,” he said. 【解析】考查定语从句。句意:Tinniswood不吸烟,也很少喝酒,他认为适量饮酒有助于他在长寿期间保持健康。空处引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词Tinniswood,先行词指人,关系词在从句中作主语,应用关系代词who引导从句。故填who。 3.(2023·北京·高考) Nina recently finished her year-long series of runs in Chicago, 18 thousands were attending a water conference. 【解析】考查定语从句。句意:最近,尼娜在芝加哥结束了长达一年的系列跑步活动,数千人在那里参加了一个水会议。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词Chicago,在从句中作地点状语,故填where。 4.(2022·北京·高考) That includes cups, bottles, and bags, most of 18 are only good for one use. 【解析】考查定语从句。句意:这包括杯子、瓶子和袋子,其中大多数(东西)只有一种用途。分析可知,most of ______are only good for one use在句中为非限制性定语从句;先行词为cups, bottles, and bags,在从句中作介词of的宾语,所以此处用关系代词which。故填which。 5.(2021·北京·高考) Dreams might be a side effect of memory making.When you sleep,your brain sorts through everything 12 happened during the day,trying to link new experiences to old memories. 【解析】考查定语从句。句意:当你睡觉时,你的大脑会整理白天发生的一切,试图将新经历与旧记忆联系起来。分析句子结构可知,空处需用连接词引导定语从句,先行词是不定代词everything,关系词在定语从句中作主语,所以此处需用关系代词that引导定语从句。故填that。 1 / 1 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$

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第18讲 定语从句满分指南 (复习讲义)(北京专用)2026年高考英语一轮复习讲练测
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第18讲 定语从句满分指南 (复习讲义)(北京专用)2026年高考英语一轮复习讲练测
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第18讲 定语从句满分指南 (复习讲义)(北京专用)2026年高考英语一轮复习讲练测
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