2025-2026学年初高衔接英语教程（五）——三大从句 导学案

初高衔接英语教程（五） 陈述句，疑问句 1. 助动词概念： 助动词总结： 2. 陈述句 肯定句（陈述语序）：否定句： 3. 疑问句（疑问语序）一般疑问句：特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词： 4. 祈使句 5. 感叹句 并列句，复合句 一. 并列句 二. 复合句 当句子的意义进一步负责化，需要用句子充当某些句子的成分，复合句就产生了。包括定语从句，宾语从句，状语从句。复合句的本质就是按照一定规则，把两个句子合并成了一个大句子。原来的两个句子一个变成了主句，一个变成了从句。 定语从句 一．区分主从句 找出同类项。 先用汉语举例子： 1. 这是一只猫。 2. 我昨天买了这只猫。请合并这两句话。答案大家都知道： 这是我昨天买的那只猫。 从我们合并的结果可以看出： 1. 这是一只猫。 将在合并后的句子里做主句。 2. 我昨天买了这只猫。 将在合并后的句子里做从句——定语从句，修饰名词猫。 然后寻找两个句子的同类项。所谓同类项指的是两个句子中相同的那个词。那么这两个句子的同类项就是“猫”。 变成英语。1. This is a cat. (主句） 2. I bought this cat yesterday.（从句） a cat / this cat 就是同类项。 二．用关系代词来替代从句中的同类项, 并且提前到从句最前面。 一般来说初中用到的关系代词很少，三个就够：which / that / who 从句中的同类项是物的时候，用 which 或者 that 来代替。例如例句中：I bought this cat yesterday. this cat 这只猫 就不是人，所以我们用 which 或者 that 来替代，句子将变为 I bought which / that yesterday. 然后再把关系代词提前到句子最前面。Which / that I bought yesterday. 当从句中的同类项是人的时候，用 who 或者 that 来替代。你没有看错，that 几乎是万能的。 三．将变化好的从句写到主句同类项的后面。 主句 This is a cat. 变化好的从句 Which / that I bought yesterday. This is the cat which / that I bought yesterday. 再举一例： 1. 那个人是一个医生。（主句） 2. Tom 昨天拜访了那个人。（从句） Tom 昨天拜访的那个人是医生。 1. That man is a doctor. 2. Tom visited that man yesterday. That man who Tom visited yesterday is a doctor. 一. 请分析一下定语从句：( 请划出定语从句，并标出先行词) 1. Check the ways you study for an English test. 2. You couldn’t understand people who talked fast. 3. They said something you didn’t like. 4. Can you think of any problems you have had recently? 5. My friends and I talked about the rules that we have in school. 6. What are some of the rules that a teenager should obey? 二、请把下面的句子连成一个定语从句 1. The boy is my younger brother. He was here a minute ago. 2. The old man is a professor. He teaches chemistry in a college. 3. Beijing Hotel is near Tian An Men Square. The foreign visitors live there. 4. The woman is here now. You were talking about her. 5. This is the hall. We listened to the report in it the other day. 6. The car was going 90 miles an hour. The car just passed us. 7. The man waved to us. The man was my uncle. 8. I enjoyed reading the book. You gave me a book last week. 9. I prefer the subject. The subject is science. 10. I spoke to the man. The man is a professor. 三、用关系代词填空：that 、which 、who、 whom 、whose 1. This is the man ________ wants to see you. 2. The student ___________ answered the question is Zhang Hua. 3. The man __________ you went to see has come. 4. The man ___________I met yesterday lent me some money. 5. The woman _______________ you saw is our geography teacher. 6. The runner ________________ you are asking about is over there. 7. The person ______________ you should write to is Mr. Ball. 8. The man ___________was passing by saw what happened. 9. Here is the pen _________ you lost the day before yesterday. 10. These books _____________ you lent me were very useful. 11. The storybook ____________ I have just read cannot be easily forgotten. 12. A clock is a machine ______ tells people the time. 13. This is shirt _______________I bought yesterday. 14. A dictionary is a book _____________ gives the meaning to the word. 15. The book ____________ is on the table is mine. 16. The film ____________ they are talking about is very interesting. 17. I will never forget the people and the places _____ I have ever visited. 18. Is there anyone ____________ family is in Beijing? 19. Show me the boy ______________ mother is a well-known singer. 20. The boy______ father is a teacher is good at English. 二. 用定语从句翻译下列句子。 1） 这就是我最喜欢的那本杂志。 2） 这是我曾经住过的村庄。 3） 正在唱歌的女孩是我的同学。 4） 全心全意为人民的人应当受到尊重。 5） 应当做的事情都已经做了。 6） 他失败的原因是他粗心大意。 7） 他用来写字的钢笔丢了。 8） 你去过毛泽东出生的那间小屋吗？ 9）今天下午我们要去看你们参观过的照片展。 10）老师把老外介绍给我，他就是闻名的教授。 宾语从句 一. 宾语从句原理以及陈述语序 陈述语序。一言以蔽之，陈述语序就是主语在句子的最前面。下面举例： 1. I like basketball. 陈述语序 2. Do you like basketball? 疑问语序，因为这个句子开头是助动词 “do”. 3. I wonder what you like. 陈述语序。 特别说明：在宾语从句中特殊疑问词对语序没有影响，所以我们先去掉 what, 然后看下一个词，下一个词是“you”, 这是主语，所以句子“ what you like ”就是陈述语序。 4. What do you like? 疑问语序。因为去掉“ what ”接下来的词是“do”,助动词，所以这个句子就是疑问语序。看一个例题： — Excuse me. Could you tell me _______ ? — It will leave at 4:00 p.m. A. how will you go Shanghai B. how you will go to Shanghai C. when will the bus leave for Shanghai D. When the bus will leave for Shanghai 二．陈述句变宾语从句 三．一般疑问句变陈述语序 四．特殊疑问句变陈述语序 1. — Excuse me. Could you tell me ________________________ ? — It will leave at 4:00 p.m. A. how will you go Shanghai B. how you will go to Shanghai C. when will the bus leave for Shanghai 2. —Could you tell me _________? — You can take No. 16 bus. D. When the bus will leave for Shanghai A. how can we get to the Olympic Park B. how we can get to the Olympic Park C. how did we get to the Olympic Park D. how we got to the Olympic Park 3. Most children are interested in amazing things, and they wonder ______ . A. when can they see UFOs B. how can elephants walk on tiptoe C. why do fish sleep with their eyes open D. why there is no plant life without lighting 4. Do you know ___________? A. when will he be back B. when he will be back C. where did he go D. where will he go 5. — May I come in? I'm sorry I am late. — Come in, please. But could you please tell me ? A. how do you come to school B. what were you doing then C. who you talked with D. why you are late again 6. Please tell me________. I have some gifts for him. A. how has Robert come B. where Robert is C. when will Robert leave D. what does Robert like 7. – Do you know _____ this time yesterday? -- Sorry, I don’t know. A. what she is doing B. what was she doing B. what she was doing D. what is she doing 8. This morning my mother asked me__. A. why he is not here B. where Julia went last weekend C. what time is it D. how did my brother do it 状语从句 1. 时间状语从句 由 when(当…时候), while(当…时候), as(随着), the moment(一…就…), the minute(一…就…), whenever(无论何时), before(在…之前), after(在…之后), till(until) (到…为止), since(自从), as soon as(一….就…)等连词引导,如: You must look left and right when you cross the crossing . 当你过十字路口时,一定要左右看. Ask him to give me a call as soon as he comes back . 他一回来就让他给我打电话. 2. 条件状语从句 由 if(如果), unless(除非), as long as(只要), in case(万一) , if only(要是…多好), provided that(假 如)等引导,如; I’ll show you around the city if I am free tomorrow . 如果明天我有空的话就带你到处看看. 3. 原因状语从句 由 because(因为), as(因为), since(既然), for(因为)等引导,如: He was absent yesterday because he was ill. 因为他病了,所以昨天缺席了. As it was already dark, they decided to stay in the town for the night . 因为天已经黑了,所以他们决定今晚待在城里. 4. 目的状语从句 由 so that(目的是,以便于),in order that(目的是,以便于), in case(万一)等引导,如: He got up early so that he could catch the early train. 他起得早目的是赶早车. He studied hard in order that he might succeed . 他努力学习为了取得成功. 5. 结果状语从句 由 so…that(如此…以至于…),such…that(如此…以至于…)等引导,如: The film is so interesting that everyone likes to see it again . 这个电影如此有趣,以至于每个人都想再看一遍. 6. 比较状语从句 由 than(比….), as…as(和…一样), not as(so)…as(和….不一样), the（＋比较级）…the（＋比较级）(越…..越….)等引导,如: Today is not as warm as yesterday. 今天不像昨天一样暖和. 7. 地点状语从句 由 where(在哪) 和 wherever(无论在哪)等引导,如: He follows her wherever she goes . 无论她去哪儿他都跟着去. 8. 方式状语从句由 as(按照),as if(好像) 等引导, As if 引导的从句的时态要用过去时（虚拟语气）。如: Please do as I do . 请按照我做的做. He tells me the whole thing as if he knew everything . 他告诉我全部好像他知道一切. 9. 让步状语从句 由 though(尽管), although(尽管), even if(即使), even though(即使), however(无论怎样), whatever(无论什么), no matter who(无论谁)等引导,如: Although he has failed many times, he doesn’t give up trying . 尽管他失败很多次,他还是没有放弃尝试. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$