Unit 5 Period1Topic Talk&Lesson1 Enlightening a Mind （分层作业）英语北师大版2019选择性必修第二册

Unit 5 Topic Talk&Lesson1Enlightening a Mind分层练习 基础达标 01 能力提升 02 拓展培优 03 一、将下列短语翻译为英文。 1．生动的 adj. 2．极其重要的，必不可少的 adj. 3．羞愧的；内疚的 adj. 4．困惑的 adj. 5．失望的，沮丧的 adj. 6．幽默的；诙谐的 adj. 7．痛苦的 adj. 8．有利的，有帮助的 adj. 9．检查 v. 10．促进，增进 v. 11．在……方面流利 12．与……合作 13．开阔眼界 14．考虑到 15．拒绝接受某人的建议 【答案】 1．vivid 2．crucial 3．guilty 4．confused 5．disappointed 6．humorous 7．painful 8．helpful 9．examine 10．promote 11．be fluent in 12．cooperate with 13．broaden one’s mind 14．given that 15.reject one’s suggestion 二、根据句意及汉语提示写出单词。 1．These disasters made people (沮丧的), but the desire to explore the universe never died. 【答案】disappointed 【详解】考查形容词。句意：这些灾难让人们感到沮丧，但探索宇宙的欲望从未消失。根据句意和汉语提示可知，空处应填形容词disappointed“沮丧的”，作宾语补足语，表示人的感受。故填disappointed。 2．During the fast-paced lecture, it was challenging to (掌握) all the main ideas, so I focused on taking clear notes to review later. 【答案】grasp 【详解】考查动词。句意：在节奏很快的讲座中，要掌握所有的主要观点很有挑战性，所以我集中精力做好清晰的笔记以便之后复习。根据汉语提示“掌握”，此处应用动词grasp，且“it is +形容词+ to do sth.”为固定句型，其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式，所以这里用动词原形grasp。故填grasp。 3．His paintings are (抽象的). 【答案】abstract 【详解】考查形容词。句意：他的画是抽象的。此处为形容词作表语，根据汉语提示可知，应用形容词abstract表示“抽象的”。故填abstract。 4．The children feel as if they were transported to the Amazon Rainforest thanks to the writer’s (生动的) description. 【答案】vivid 【详解】考查形容词。句意：由于作者生动的描述，孩子们感觉自己仿佛被送到了亚马逊雨林。根据汉语提示可知，空处应填形容词vivid“生动的”，作定语修饰名词description。故填vivid。 5．Scientists have made a (突破) in their treatment of the lung cancer. 【答案】breakthrough 【详解】考查名词。句意：科学家们已经在治疗肺癌方面取得了突破。空处作宾语，结合汉语提示可知，名词breakthrough符合题意，冠词a提示用其单数形式。故填breakthrough。 6．So (宝贵的) is time that we can’t afford to waste it. 【答案】precious 【详解】考查形容词。句意：时间如此宝贵，我们不能浪费它。根据汉语提示“宝贵的”可知，此处用形容词precious，作表语。故填precious。 7．The (复杂的) structure of the novel reflects the chaotic emotions of its protagonist. 【答案】complex 【详解】考查形容词。句意：小说的复杂结构反映了主人公混乱的情绪。根据所给汉语提示“复杂的”可知，此处应用形容词complex在句中作定语，修饰名词structure，故填complex。 8．Teachers should be (严厉的) in class to maintain good discipline. 【答案】strict/severe 【详解】考查形容词。句意：老师在课堂上应该严厉以维持良好的纪律。根据句子结构和汉语提示“严厉的”可知，空处应填形容词strict或severe，作表语。故填strict/severe。 三、单句语法填空。 1．The storms may not be as serious as they were (initial) predicted. 【答案】initially 【详解】考查副词。句意：风暴可能不会像最初预测的那样严重。修饰谓语were predicted应用提示词的副词形式initially，意为“最初”。故填initially。 2．Although the result of the research made scientists (disappoint), they didn’t give up. 【答案】disappointed 【详解】考查形容词。句意：尽管研究结果让科学家们感到失望，但他们没有放弃。空处作宾语补足语，表示“感到失望的”，修饰人，应用形容词disappointed。故填disappointed。 3．You may find it easy (expand) your knowledge beyond textbooks through online learning apps. 【答案】to expand 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：你可能会发现通过在线学习应用程序扩展课本之外的知识很容易。此处为“find/make/consider +it+形容词/名词 + to do sth.”结构，其中it为形式宾语，真正的宾语为不定式形式，所以此处应用动词不定式to expand作真正的宾语。故填to expand。 4．The learning process proved (pain) , but I went at it anyway. 【答案】painful 【详解】考查形容词。句意：这个学习过程确实很艰难，但我还是坚持了下来。根据句意和空格前的系动词proved可知，空格处应该用形容词painful作表语。故填painful。 5．The passionate boy is (enthusiasm) in sports and especially has enthusiasm for ball games. 【答案】enthusiastic 【详解】考查形容词。句意：这个充满激情的男孩对运动很热情，尤其对球类运动怀有热情。设空处位于系动词is后作表语，需用形容词形式enthusiasm，构成固定搭配“be enthusiastic in”，意为“对……热情”。故填enthusiastic。 6．As far as I am concerned, Bill plays the piano (exceptional) well. 【答案】exceptionally 【详解】考查副词。句意：就我而言，比尔钢琴弹得非常好。此处修饰副词well，修饰副词要用副词形式。exceptional是形容词，其副词形式是 exceptionally，故填exceptionally。 7．The pain in her knee became (bear) after hours of hiking, forcing her to stop and seek medical help. 【答案】unbearable 【详解】考查形容词。句意：数小时的徒步旅行后，她膝盖上的疼痛变得难以忍受，迫使她停下来寻求医疗帮助。此处为形容词作表语，根据句意，此处为bear对应的形容词bearable的反义词unbearable意为“难以忍受的；承受不住的”符合句意。故填unbearable。 8．The situation is becoming (severe) than before. 【答案】more severe 【详解】考查形容词。句意：情况变得比以前更加严重。作表语，应用形容词，根据“than”可知，应用比较级，severe为多音节形容词，要在其前面加上more构成比较级。故填more severe。 四、根据汉语意思完成句子 1．当她打开盒子时，她的手激动得发抖。 Her hands as she opened the box. 【答案】 were trembling/shaking with excitement 【详解】考查时态和介词。“发抖”为“tremble 或 shake”，此处表示过去动作正在进行，用过去进行时，结构为 “was/were + 现在分词”，主语 “hands”是复数，用 were；“激动地为“with excitement”，作状语修饰动词。故填 were；trembling/shaking；with；excitement。 2．这篇散文是一般中学生不能理解的。 This essay is an average high school student. 【答案】beyond the grasp/reach of 【详解】考查介词短语。对比中英文可知，空处表示“不能理解的”，可用介词短语beyond the grasp of表示“超出某人的理解能力”，或beyond the reach of表示“超出某人的能力范围”，作表语。故填beyond the grasp/reach of。 3．大学生在毕业后想找一个好工作时，不应该追求超出他们能力以外的目标。 College students shouldn’t try to pursue what is when they choose to find a job after graduation. 【答案】beyond their grasp 【详解】考查介词短语。根据句意以及句子结构可知，此处为介词短语beyond one’s grasp“超出某人的能力范围”，满足句意要求。故分别填beyond；their；grasp。 4．当你对某物充满热情时，为了得到它无论什么事，你可能都会去做。 When something, you're to do you can to get it. 【答案】enthusiastic about likely whatever 【详解】考查固定短语。表示“对……充满热情”短语为enthusiastic about，此处为状语从句的省略；表示“可能”应用形容词likely，作表语；第四空引导宾语从句，表示“无论什么”应用whatever。故填①enthusiastic；②about；③likely；④whatever。 5．这些照片唤起了我的情感，我对它们所呈现的高中经历记忆犹新。 These photos have appealed to my emotions, and the experiences of my senior high school they present are still . 【答案】vivid in my memory 【详解】考查形容词短语。“记忆犹新”vivid in one’s memory，由句意可知，形容词性物主代词应用my。故填vivid in my memory。 6．她已经开始将时间投入到教学而不是表演中。(devote...to) She had started to rather than performing. 【答案】devote her time to teaching 【详解】考查名词，代词，动词和短语。表示“时间”应用名词time，前面可以用her修饰，表示限定；表示“教学”应用动词teach；表示“将……投入到……”应用动词短语devote...to，to是介词，后面的宾语“教学”对应动词要用动名词形式；分析句子结构和意思可知，空格前面是动词不定式符号to，后面用动词原形。故填devote her time to teaching。 7．没有字典我什么也做不了。 I can do . 【答案】nothing without a dictionary 【详解】考查介词和名词。根据句意和分析句子结构可知用nothing做do的宾语。没有字典的含义是“没有一本字典”，故介词without后接宾语a dictionary。故填nothing；without；a；dictionary。 8．那家公司急欲开辟新的市场。 The company into new markets. 【答案】is eager to expand 【详解】考查固定短语，时态和主谓一致。对比中英文句子可知，空格处意为“急欲开辟”，“急欲做某事”是固定短语be eager to do，“开辟”是expand，句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，主语company是单数，因此空格处是is eager to expand，故填is，eager，to，expand。 五、语法填空 We’ve all heard that laughter is the best medicine, and it’s true. Laughter makes you feel better and it’s also good for your relationships. Laughter brings people closer, and is a 1 (power) tool for making you relax when feelings are running high. Whether with your friends and family, or co-workers, you can learn to use humor 2 (solve) disagreements, lower everyone’s stress levels, and communicate in a way that deepens the 3 (relationship). Humor plays an important role 4 all kinds of relationships. In new relationships, humor can be a useful tool not just for 5 (attract) the other person but also for getting over any awkwardness (尴尬)arising when we get to know each other. In old relationships, humor can keep things more exciting and fresher. Sharing the pleasure of humor 6 (create) a sense of closeness and connection between two people — qualities 7 are signs of strong and successful relationships. When you laugh with one another, you create 8 positive relationship between you, which acts as a strong buffer (缓冲剂) against stress, disagreements and disappointments in your relationship. And laughter is spreading — just 9 (hear) someone laugh often makes you smile 10 (happy) and join in the fun. 【答案】 1．powerful 2．to solve 3．relationships 4．in 5．attracting 6．creates 7．that/which 8．a 9．hearing 10．happily 【导语】这是一篇说明文。我们都听说笑是最好的药，这是真的。笑会让你感觉更好，对你的人际关系也有好处。笑能拉近人与人之间的距离，当你情绪高涨时，笑是一种让你放松的强大工具。 1．考查形容词。句意：笑能拉近人与人之间的距离，当你情绪高涨时，笑是一种让你放松的强大工具。修饰名词tool应用形容词powerful，作定语。故填powerful。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：无论是和你的朋友、家人还是同事，你都可以学会用幽默来解决分歧，降低每个人的压力水平，并以一种加深关系的方式进行沟通。短语use sth. to do sth.表示“利用某物做某事”，不定式作目的状语。故填to solve。 3．考查名词。句意：无论是和你的朋友、家人还是同事，你都可以学会用幽默来解决分歧，降低每个人的压力水平，并以一种加深关系的方式进行沟通。根据上文your friends and family, or co-workers可知，数量大于一用名词复数形式作宾语。故填relationships。 4．考查介词。句意：幽默在各种关系中都扮演着重要的角色。短语play an important role in表示“在……扮演重要角色”。故填in。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：在新的关系中，幽默是一个有用的工具，不仅可以吸引对方，还可以克服我们相互了解时产生的任何尴尬。作介词for的宾语用动名词形式。故填attracting。 6．考查主谓一致。句意：分享幽默的乐趣会在两个人之间建立一种亲密感和联系——这些都是牢固而成功的关系的标志。陈述客观事实用一般现在时，主语为动名词短语，谓语用三单形式。故填creates。 7．考查定语从句。句意：分享幽默的乐趣会在两个人之间建立一种亲密感和联系——这些都是牢固而成功的关系的标志。限制性定语从句修饰先行词qualities，在从句作主语，指物。故填that/which。 8．考查冠词。句意：当你们一起笑的时候，你们之间就建立了一种积极的关系，这是一种强有力的缓冲，可以缓解你们关系中的压力、分歧和失望。此处relationship为泛指，且positive是发音以辅音音素开头的单词。故填a。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：笑声是会传播的——只要听到别人的笑声，你就会开心地笑起来，加入其中。作句子的主语用动名词形式。故填hearing。 10．考查副词。句意：笑声是会传播的——只要听到别人的笑声，你就会开心地笑起来，加入其中。修饰动词smile应用副词happily“开心地”，作状语。故填happily。 六、阅读理解 Remote work has become increasingly common, but does it truly improve employees’ well-being? According to a recent Gallup report based on a global survey, fully remote workers may be more engaged in their tasks, yet they often experience stronger negative emotions. Researchers divided workers into four categories: those who always work remotely; those with hybrid (混合的) arrangements (splitting time between home and office); those based in an office but free to work remotely; and those who must remain in an office at all times. The study found that 31% of fully remote employees reported feeling engaged — meaning they were interested in and focused on their work — whereas only 19% of office-only workers felt similarly, which was the lowest among all categories. Despite higher engagement, fully remote workers reported more frequent stress: 45%said they often felt tense, compared to a lower proportion among office-based staff. Hybrid workers showed similar stress levels (46%). Moreover, at least one-quarter of remote workers admitted to feelings of anger, loneliness, or sadness — emotions less commonly reported by those working entirely on-site. Researcher Ryan Pendell suggests two main reasons for these findings. First, remote workers miss the informal interactions — chatting by the coffee machine or eating lunch together — that foster a sense of connection and reduce stress. Second, working from home demands self-management of time and tasks; constant online meetings and messaging can intensify pressure and blur work-life boundaries. Pendell emphasizes that companies must address the emotional needs of all employees, whether they work from home or in an office. While remote work can boost focus and flexibility, organizations should offer social support, clear guidelines for time management, and opportunities for in-person collaboration (合作). Only by balancing productivity with well-being can businesses ensure long-term success and a truly satisfied workforce. For example, companies might organize regular virtual coffee breaks, schedule occasional in-person gatherings. Encouraging employees to set clear work hours and take regular breaks also helps reduce burnout. By combining structured support programs with flexible policies, businesses can create a work environment that fosters engagement, protects mental health, and sustains productivity. 1．What did the research find about the employees working entirely from home? A．They focus more on tasks but feel worse emotionally. B．They have lower stress than office staff. C．They feel much more stressed than hybrid workers. D．They value flexibility more than teamwork. 2．Which employee group is reported the least work engagement? A．Those dividing time between home and workplace. B．Those allowed flexibility to work off-site. C．Those required to work at an office only. D．Those managing tasks remotely. 3．What does the underlined word “blur” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Clarify. B．Confuse. C．Separate. D．Define. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．How to Manage a Remote Team B．The Rise of Digital Communication C．The Emotional Impact of Working from Home D．Office vs. Home: a Productivity Comparison 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了远程工作日益普遍，研究发现全远程工作者工作投入度更高，但负面情绪更强，还分析了原因并给出企业应对建议。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“According to a recent Gallup report based on a global survey, fully remote workers may be more engaged in their tasks, yet they often experience stronger negative emotions. (根据盖洛普最近一项基于全球调查的报告，全远程工作者可能对任务更投入，但他们经常会经历更强烈的负面情绪)”可知，全远程工作者更专注于任务，但情绪方面感觉更糟。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The study found that 31% of fully remote employees reported feeling engaged — meaning they were interested in and focused on their work — whereas only 19% of office only workers felt similarly, which was the lowest among all categories. (研究发现，31%的全远程员工表示有工作投入感，即他们对工作感兴趣并专注于工作，而仅在办公室工作的员工中只有19%有类似感受，这是所有类别中比例最低的)”可知，只被要求在办公室工作的员工工作投入度最低。故选C项。 3．词句猜测题。根据第四段中“Second, working from home demands self management of time and tasks; constant online meetings and messaging can intensify pressure and blur work-life boundaries. (其次，在家工作需要自我管理时间和任务；持续的在线会议和信息传递会加剧压力，并……工作与生活的界限)”和常识可知，在家工作时，持续的线上工作会让工作和生活的界限变得不清晰，混淆它们之间的界限。所以划线词blur与B项“Confuse”意思相近，表示“混淆”。故选B项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段“Remote work has become increasingly common, but does it truly improve employees’ well-being? According to a recent Gallup report based on a global survey, fully remote workers may be more engaged in their tasks, yet they often experience stronger negative emotions. (远程工作变得越来越普遍，但它真的能提高员工的幸福感吗?根据盖洛普最近一项基于全球调查的报告，全远程工作者可能对任务更投入，但他们经常会经历更强烈的负面情绪)”可知，本文主要介绍了一项关于远程工作对员工情绪的影响的研究。故C项“The Emotional Impact of Working from Home (在家工作对情绪影响)”能概括文章内容，最适合做文章标题。故选C项。 七、七选五 Mind-wandering can help boost our mood Prior research suggests a wandering mind is an unhappy mind: We tend to be less happy when we’re not focused on what we’re doing. That’s likely true. 1 For example, as one 2013 study showed, when people found their wandering thoughts more interesting, their moods actually improved while mind-wandering. Similarly, other studies have found that thinking about people you love or thinking more about your potential future than about what happened in the past produces positive results. How you use mind-wandering may also be important. 2 It has been mostly unexplored in previous research, but likely has distinct effects. As one 2017 study found, people who use daydreaming for self-reflection typically have more pleasant thoughts than people who simply think about unpleasant experiences. There is even some evidence that mind-wandering may be more of an antidote (缓解方法) to depression than a cause. People who are depressed may simply replay events from their past to better understand what happened to cause their dark mood and avoid future problems. Also, when researchers studied whether a negative mood preceded or allowed a mind-wandering episode, they found poor moods led to more mind-wandering but not vice versa. 3 Now, findings from a 2021 study suggest that mind-wandering that is more freely moving can actually improve your mood. In this study, participants were prompted randomly via cell phone over three days to report how they were feeling and how much their thoughts were freely moving and related to what they were doing. After analyzing the data, the researchers found that when people’s thoughts were of-task, they generally felt more negative — similar to what earlier findings showed. 4 “Our findings suggest there might be positive aspects of mind-wandering,” the researchers conclude. 5 If I simply put myself in a space that lets my mind move freely, I don’t get depressed. On the contrary, I’m happier because of it. A．Mind-wandering is part of our human inheritance. B．In some cases, people intentionally mind-wander. C．Again, I find that science supports my own experience. D．There may be a right and a wrong way to mind-wander. E．In fact, the content of wandering thoughts makes a big difference. F．But if their thoughts were free -moving, it had the opposite effect. G．It suggests that mind-wandering may be helping people feel better. 【答案】1．E 2．B 3．G 4．F 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了走神（mind-wandering）并非总是带来负面情绪，在某些情况下反而有助于提升情绪，文章通过多项研究结果分析了走神内容、方式等对情绪的影响。 1．根据上文“Prior research suggests a wandering mind is an unhappy mind: We tend to be less happy when we’re not focused on what we’re doing. That’s likely true. (先前的研究表明，思绪飘忽意味着心情不愉快：当我们没有专注于手头的事情时，往往会不太开心。这很可能是真的。)”以及下文“For example, as one 2013 study showed, when people found their wandering thoughts more interesting, their moods actually improved while mind-wandering. (例如，正如2013年的一项研究所显示的，当人们发现自己走神时的内容有趣时，他们在走神时的情绪实际上有所改善。)”可知，上文说先前研究认为走神会导致不快乐，下文则给出了走神改善情绪的例子，说明走神的内容对情绪有影响，E项“In fact, the content of wandering thoughts makes a big difference. (事实上，走神的内容起着很大的作用。)”承上启下，说明了走神内容的重要性，符合语境。故选E项。 2．根据上文“How you use mind-wandering may also be important. (你如何利用走神也可能很重要。)”以及下文“It has been mostly unexplored in previous research, but likely has distinct effects. (这在先前的研究中大多未被探索过，但可能具有不同的影响。)”可知，上文提到走神的使用方式，下文则进一步说明某种特定的走神方式未被充分研究，但可能有独特效果，B项“In some cases, people intentionally mind-wander. (在某些情况下，人们会有意地走神。)”，与上文“如何利用走神”相呼应，且“有意地走神”正是下文提到的“未被充分探索的内容”。故选B。 3．根据上文“Also, when researchers studied whether a negative mood preceded or allowed a mind-wandering episode, they found poor moods led to more mind-wandering but not vice versa. (此外，当研究人员研究负面情绪是先于还是会引发走神时，他们发现情绪不佳会导致更多的走神，但反之则不然。)”可知，负面情绪会导致更多走神，G项“It suggests that mind-wandering may be helping people feel better. (这表明走神可能有助于人们感觉更好。)”进一步解释了这种关系，即走神可能是身体试图通过分散注意力来改善情绪的一种方式。故选G项。 4．根据上文“After analyzing the data, the researchers found that when people’s thoughts were of-task, they generally felt more negative — similar to what earlier findings showed. (在分析了数据后，研究人员发现，当人们的思绪不在任务上时，他们通常会感到更消极——这与早期的研究结果相似。)”以及下文““Our findings suggest there might be positive aspects of mind-wandering,” the researchers conclude. (研究人员总结道：‘我们的发现表明，走神可能有积极的方面。’)”可知，上文指出走神时思绪游离任务会让人感觉更消极，下文说走神也有积极方面，F项“But if their thoughts were free -moving, it had the opposite effect. (但如果他们的思绪是自由流动的，则会产生相反的效果。)”，与上文内容形成对比，说明思绪自由流动时会产生积极效果，且呼应下文的总结。故选F项。 5．根据下文“If I simply put myself in a space that lets my mind move freely, I don’t get depressed. On the contrary, I’m happier because of it. (如果我简单地把自己放在一个让我的思想自由流动的空间里，我不会感到沮丧。相反，我因此更快乐。)”可知，作者通过自身经历支持了前文关于走神可能有积极方面的观点，C项“Again, I find that science supports my own experience. (再次，我发现科学支持我的个人经历。)”，引出了下文作者的个人经历，逻辑连贯。故选C项。 八、完形填空 Sophia Webster was a financial writer and educator from New York. When she first heard that her friend Eva passed a financial counseling exam, her heart 1 . She’d failed the same test weeks earlier, and she 2 the certificate to advance her career. But then, instead of being 3 , she called Eva. “I told her I failed and 4 I was envious (嫉妒的),” she said. Webster knew that being honest would reduce her 5 and she was surprised that when she shifted her 6 , she could share her friend’s happiness and experience her own, in turn. “I congratulated her and told her she 7 me,” she said. Eva was impressed by Webster’s honesty and 8 that Webster could share her joy. Eva expressed her gratitude and shared with Webster her 9 in preparing for the exam and offered some practical methods. “You can 10 me whenever in need. And I am 11 sure that you can do it next time,” Eva told Webster. Although the two were in different states talking on the phone, they felt they had never been so 12 . Finding pleasure in another person’s good 13 will make the relationship more close and enjoyable. 14 in someone else’s joy can also develop resilience (适应力), improve life 15 and help people cooperate during a conflict. 1．A．sank B．grew C．rose D．swam 2．A．divided B．bought C．needed D．tore 3．A．scared B．upset C．worried D．cruel 4．A．submitted B．committed C．admitted D．permitted 5．A．effort B．energy C．expectation D．envy 6．A．attitude B．direction C．aim D．fantasy 7．A．persuaded B．hurt C．handled D．inspired 8．A．doubted B．appreciated C．advised D．warned 9．A．concern B．fear C．experience D．journey 10．A．turn to B．respond to C．agree with D．compete with 11．A．hardly B．definitely C．eventually D．merely 12．A．secure B．kind C．gentle D．close 13．A．income B．purpose C．fortune D．impression 14．A．Taking B．Cutting C．Dealing D．Sharing 15．A．satisfaction B．application C．tradition D．profession 【答案】 1．A 2．C 3．B 4．C 5．D 6．A 7．D 8．B 9．C 10．A 11．B 12．D 13．C 14．D 15．A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Sophia Webster没能通过财务咨询考试，而朋友Eva通过了，但她未陷入不开心，而是打电话坦诚说出自己的嫉妒，减轻自己的压力，转而能够分享对方的快乐，并祝贺对方，Eva分享备考经验并鼓励她，两人关系更亲密。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当她第一次听说她的朋友Eva通过了财务咨询考试时，她的心一沉。A. sank下沉；B. grew生长；C. rose升起；D. swam游泳。根据下文“She’d failed the same test weeks earlier”可知，Webster没能通过同样的考试，因此听到朋友Eva通过了这个考试时，她的心一沉。故选A。 2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：几周前，她没能通过同样的考试，她需要这个证书来推进自己的事业。A. divided分割；B. bought购买；C. needed需要；D. tore撕裂。根据下文“the certificate to advance her career”可推知，Eva需要通过考试得到这个证书，来推进自己的事业。故选C。 3．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但后来，她没有不开心，而是打电话给Eva。A. scared害怕的；B. upset不开心的；C. worried担忧的；D. cruel残忍的。根据上文“She’d failed the same test weeks earlier”可知，Webster没能通过同样的考试，因此她原本的情绪应该是不开心。故选B。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我告诉她我失败了，并承认我很嫉妒，”她说。A. submitted提交；B. committed犯罪；C. admitted承认；D. permitted允许。根据下文“Eva was impressed by Webster’s honesty”可知，Webster的诚实给Eva留下了深刻的印象，因此Webster是承认了自己很嫉妒。故选C。 5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Webster知道，诚实会减少她的嫉妒，她感到惊讶的是，当她改变态度时，她可以分享她的朋友的幸福，反过来体验自己的幸福。A. effort努力；B. energy精力；C. expectation期望；D. envy嫉妒。根据上文“I was envious (嫉妒的)”可知，Webster知道，诚实会减少她的嫉妒。故选D。 6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Webster知道，诚实会减少她的嫉妒，她感到惊讶的是，当她改变态度时，她可以分享她的朋友的幸福，反过来体验自己的幸福。A. attitude态度；B. direction方向；C. aim目标；D. fantasy幻想。根据上文“But then, instead of being ____3____, she called Eva. “I told her I failed and ____4____ I was envious (嫉妒的),” she said.”可知，Webster没有表现出原本的情绪，而是告知Eva真实的情况和自己的感受，因此是指改变态度。故选A。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我向她表示祝贺，并告诉她，她激励了我，”她说。A. persuaded说服；B. hurt伤害；C. handled处理；D. inspired激励。根据上文“she could share her friend’s happiness”可知，Webster说完真实情况后，能够分享她的朋友的快乐，因此是告知Eva自己被她激励了。故选D。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Webster的诚实给Eva留下了深刻的印象，她很感激Webster能分享她的快乐。A. doubted怀疑；B. appreciated感激；C. advised建议；D. warned警告。根据下文“Eva expressed her gratitude”可知，Eva很感激Webster能分享她的快乐。故选B。 9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Eva表达了她的感激之情，并与Webster分享了她准备考试的经验，并提供了一些实用的方法。A. concern关心；B. fear恐惧；C. experience经验；D. journey旅程。根据下文“in preparing for the exam and offered some practical methods”可推知，Eva是与Webster分享了她准备考试的经验，并提供了一些实用的方法。故选C。 10．考查动词短语辨析。句意：“有需要的时候你可以向我求助。我确信你下次一定能做到，”Eva告诉Webster。A. turn to求助于；B. respond to回应；C. agree with同意；D. compete with与……竞争。根据下文“whenever in need”可推知，Eva是告诉Webster有需要的时候可以向自己求助。故选A。 11．考查副词词义辨析。句意：“有需要的时候你可以向我求助。我确信你下次一定能做到，”Eva告诉Webster。A. hardly几乎不；B. definitely确定地；C. eventually最终；D. merely仅仅。根据下文“sure that you can do it next time”可推知，Eva是鼓励Webster，确信Webster下次一定能通过考试。故选B。 12．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然两人在不同的州通过电话交谈，但她们感到从未如此亲密过。A. secure安全的；B. kind善良的；C. gentle温和的；D. close亲密的。根据下文“Finding pleasure in another person’s good ____13____ will make the relationship more close and enjoyable.”可知，Webster分享Eva的快乐这一行为让两人的关系更加亲密。故选D。 13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：从另一个人的好运中寻找快乐会使你们的关系更加亲密和愉快。A. income收入；B. purpose目的；C. fortune好运；D. impression印象。根据上文“When she first heard that her friend Eva passed a financial counseling exam”可知，Eva通过了财务咨询考试，这是件幸运的事，因此指从另一个人的好运中寻找快乐。故选C。 14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：分享别人的快乐也可以培养韧性，提高生活满意度，帮助人们在冲突中合作。A. Taking拿；B. Cutting切割；C. Dealing处理；D. Sharing分享。根据上文“she could share her friend’s happiness”可知，Webster说完真实情况后，能够分享她的朋友的快乐，因此是指分享别人的快乐。故选D。 15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：分享别人的快乐也可以培养韧性，提高生活满意度，帮助人们在冲突中合作。A. satisfaction满意；B. application申请；C. tradition传统；D. profession职业。根据上文“she could share her friend’s happiness and experience her own, in turn”可知，Webster说完真实情况后，能够分享她的朋友的快乐，并反过来体验自己的快乐，因此是指提高生活满意度。故选A。 ( 12 / 12 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 5 Topic Talk&Lesson1Enlightening a Mind分层练习 基础达标 01 能力提升 02 拓展培优 03 一、将下列短语翻译为英文。 1．生动的 adj. 2．极其重要的，必不可少的 adj. 3．羞愧的；内疚的 adj. 4．困惑的 adj. 5．失望的，沮丧的 adj. 6．幽默的；诙谐的 adj. 7．痛苦的 adj. 8．有利的，有帮助的 adj. 9．检查 v. 10．促进，增进 v. 11．在……方面流利 12．与……合作 13．开阔眼界 14．考虑到 15．拒绝接受某人的建议 二、根据句意及汉语提示写出单词。 1．These disasters made people (沮丧的), but the desire to explore the universe never died. 2．During the fast-paced lecture, it was challenging to (掌握) all the main ideas, so I focused on taking clear notes to review later. 3．His paintings are (抽象的). 4．The children feel as if they were transported to the Amazon Rainforest thanks to the writer’s (生动的) description. 5．Scientists have made a (突破) in their treatment of the lung cancer. 6．So (宝贵的) is time that we can’t afford to waste it. 7．The (复杂的) structure of the novel reflects the chaotic emotions of its protagonist. 8．Teachers should be (严厉的) in class to maintain good discipline. 三、单句语法填空。 1．The storms may not be as serious as they were (initial) predicted. 2．Although the result of the research made scientists (disappoint), they didn’t give up. 3．You may find it easy (expand) your knowledge beyond textbooks through online learning apps. 4．The learning process proved (pain) , but I went at it anyway. 5．The passionate boy is (enthusiasm) in sports and especially has enthusiasm for ball games. 6．As far as I am concerned, Bill plays the piano (exceptional) well. 7．The pain in her knee became (bear) after hours of hiking, forcing her to stop and seek medical help. 8．The situation is becoming (severe) than before. 四、根据汉语意思完成句子 1．当她打开盒子时，她的手激动得发抖。 Her hands as she opened the box. 2．这篇散文是一般中学生不能理解的。 This essay is an average high school student. 3．大学生在毕业后想找一个好工作时，不应该追求超出他们能力以外的目标。 College students shouldn’t try to pursue what is when they choose to find a job after graduation. 4．当你对某物充满热情时，为了得到它无论什么事，你可能都会去做。 When something, you're to do you can to get it. 5．这些照片唤起了我的情感，我对它们所呈现的高中经历记忆犹新。 These photos have appealed to my emotions, and the experiences of my senior high school they present are still . 6．她已经开始将时间投入到教学而不是表演中。(devote...to) She had started to rather than performing. 7．没有字典我什么也做不了。 I can do . 8．那家公司急欲开辟新的市场。 The company into new markets. 五、语法填空 We’ve all heard that laughter is the best medicine, and it’s true. Laughter makes you feel better and it’s also good for your relationships. Laughter brings people closer, and is a 1 (power) tool for making you relax when feelings are running high. Whether with your friends and family, or co-workers, you can learn to use humor 2 (solve) disagreements, lower everyone’s stress levels, and communicate in a way that deepens the 3 (relationship). Humor plays an important role 4 all kinds of relationships. In new relationships, humor can be a useful tool not just for 5 (attract) the other person but also for getting over any awkwardness (尴尬)arising when we get to know each other. In old relationships, humor can keep things more exciting and fresher. Sharing the pleasure of humor 6 (create) a sense of closeness and connection between two people — qualities 7 are signs of strong and successful relationships. When you laugh with one another, you create 8 positive relationship between you, which acts as a strong buffer (缓冲剂) against stress, disagreements and disappointments in your relationship. And laughter is spreading — just 9 (hear) someone laugh often makes you smile 10 (happy) and join in the fun. 六、阅读理解 Remote work has become increasingly common, but does it truly improve employees’ well-being? According to a recent Gallup report based on a global survey, fully remote workers may be more engaged in their tasks, yet they often experience stronger negative emotions. Researchers divided workers into four categories: those who always work remotely; those with hybrid (混合的) arrangements (splitting time between home and office); those based in an office but free to work remotely; and those who must remain in an office at all times. The study found that 31% of fully remote employees reported feeling engaged — meaning they were interested in and focused on their work — whereas only 19% of office-only workers felt similarly, which was the lowest among all categories. Despite higher engagement, fully remote workers reported more frequent stress: 45%said they often felt tense, compared to a lower proportion among office-based staff. Hybrid workers showed similar stress levels (46%). Moreover, at least one-quarter of remote workers admitted to feelings of anger, loneliness, or sadness — emotions less commonly reported by those working entirely on-site. Researcher Ryan Pendell suggests two main reasons for these findings. First, remote workers miss the informal interactions — chatting by the coffee machine or eating lunch together — that foster a sense of connection and reduce stress. Second, working from home demands self-management of time and tasks; constant online meetings and messaging can intensify pressure and blur work-life boundaries. Pendell emphasizes that companies must address the emotional needs of all employees, whether they work from home or in an office. While remote work can boost focus and flexibility, organizations should offer social support, clear guidelines for time management, and opportunities for in-person collaboration (合作). Only by balancing productivity with well-being can businesses ensure long-term success and a truly satisfied workforce. For example, companies might organize regular virtual coffee breaks, schedule occasional in-person gatherings. Encouraging employees to set clear work hours and take regular breaks also helps reduce burnout. By combining structured support programs with flexible policies, businesses can create a work environment that fosters engagement, protects mental health, and sustains productivity. 1．What did the research find about the employees working entirely from home? A．They focus more on tasks but feel worse emotionally. B．They have lower stress than office staff. C．They feel much more stressed than hybrid workers. D．They value flexibility more than teamwork. 2．Which employee group is reported the least work engagement? A．Those dividing time between home and workplace. B．Those allowed flexibility to work off-site. C．Those required to work at an office only. D．Those managing tasks remotely. 3．What does the underlined word “blur” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Clarify. B．Confuse. C．Separate. D．Define. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．How to Manage a Remote Team B．The Rise of Digital Communication C．The Emotional Impact of Working from Home D．Office vs. Home: a Productivity Comparison 七、七选五 Mind-wandering can help boost our mood Prior research suggests a wandering mind is an unhappy mind: We tend to be less happy when we’re not focused on what we’re doing. That’s likely true. 1 For example, as one 2013 study showed, when people found their wandering thoughts more interesting, their moods actually improved while mind-wandering. Similarly, other studies have found that thinking about people you love or thinking more about your potential future than about what happened in the past produces positive results. How you use mind-wandering may also be important. 2 It has been mostly unexplored in previous research, but likely has distinct effects. As one 2017 study found, people who use daydreaming for self-reflection typically have more pleasant thoughts than people who simply think about unpleasant experiences. There is even some evidence that mind-wandering may be more of an antidote (缓解方法) to depression than a cause. People who are depressed may simply replay events from their past to better understand what happened to cause their dark mood and avoid future problems. Also, when researchers studied whether a negative mood preceded or allowed a mind-wandering episode, they found poor moods led to more mind-wandering but not vice versa. 3 Now, findings from a 2021 study suggest that mind-wandering that is more freely moving can actually improve your mood. In this study, participants were prompted randomly via cell phone over three days to report how they were feeling and how much their thoughts were freely moving and related to what they were doing. After analyzing the data, the researchers found that when people’s thoughts were of-task, they generally felt more negative — similar to what earlier findings showed. 4 “Our findings suggest there might be positive aspects of mind-wandering,” the researchers conclude. 5 If I simply put myself in a space that lets my mind move freely, I don’t get depressed. On the contrary, I’m happier because of it. A．Mind-wandering is part of our human inheritance. B．In some cases, people intentionally mind-wander. C．Again, I find that science supports my own experience. D．There may be a right and a wrong way to mind-wander. E．In fact, the content of wandering thoughts makes a big difference. F．But if their thoughts were free -moving, it had the opposite effect. G．It suggests that mind-wandering may be helping people feel better. 八、完形填空 Sophia Webster was a financial writer and educator from New York. When she first heard that her friend Eva passed a financial counseling exam, her heart 1 . She’d failed the same test weeks earlier, and she 2 the certificate to advance her career. But then, instead of being 3 , she called Eva. “I told her I failed and 4 I was envious (嫉妒的),” she said. Webster knew that being honest would reduce her 5 and she was surprised that when she shifted her 6 , she could share her friend’s happiness and experience her own, in turn. “I congratulated her and told her she 7 me,” she said. Eva was impressed by Webster’s honesty and 8 that Webster could share her joy. Eva expressed her gratitude and shared with Webster her 9 in preparing for the exam and offered some practical methods. “You can 10 me whenever in need. And I am 11 sure that you can do it next time,” Eva told Webster. Although the two were in different states talking on the phone, they felt they had never been so 12 . Finding pleasure in another person’s good 13 will make the relationship more close and enjoyable. 14 in someone else’s joy can also develop resilience (适应力), improve life 15 and help people cooperate during a conflict. 1．A．sank B．grew C．rose D．swam 2．A．divided B．bought C．needed D．tore 3．A．scared B．upset C．worried D．cruel 4．A．submitted B．committed C．admitted D．permitted 5．A．effort B．energy C．expectation D．envy 6．A．attitude B．direction C．aim D．fantasy 7．A．persuaded B．hurt C．handled D．inspired 8．A．doubted B．appreciated C．advised D．warned 9．A．concern B．fear C．experience D．journey 10．A．turn to B．respond to C．agree with D．compete with 11．A．hardly B．definitely C．eventually D．merely 12．A．secure B．kind C．gentle D．close 13．A．income B．purpose C．fortune D．impression 14．A．Taking B．Cutting C．Dealing D．Sharing 15．A．satisfaction B．application C．tradition D．profession ( 5 / 6 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$