Unit 1 People of Achievement 单元测试-2025-2026学年高二英语选择性必修第一册单元重难点易错题精练（人教版2019）

Unit 1 People of Achievement 单元测试 （考试时间：120分钟 试卷满分：150分） 注意事项： 1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2．回答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在本试卷上无效。 3．回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 4．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分 听力（共30分，略） 第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Below is a brief description of the process involved in selecting the Nobel Prize laureates (获奖者) in physics. September-Nomination (提名) forms are sent out. The Nobel Committee sends out confidential forms to around 3,000 people-selected professors at universities around the world, Nobel Prize laureates in physics and chemistry, and members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, among others. February-Deadline for submission. The completed nomination forms must reach the Nobel Committee no later than 31st January of the following year. The Committee screens the nominations and selects the preliminary candidates. About 250-350 names are nominated as several nominators often submit the same name. March-May-Consultation with experts. The Nobel Committee sends the names of the preliminary (初步的) candidates to specially appointed experts for their assessment of the candidates’ work. Jun-August-Writing of the report. The Nobel Committee puts together the report with recommendations to be submitted to the Academy. The report is signed by all members of the Committee. September-Committee submits recommendations. The Nobel Committee submits its report with recommendations on the final candidates to the members of the Academy. The report is discussed at two meetings of the Physics Class of the Academy. October-Nobel Prize laureates are chosen. In early October, the Academy selects the Nobel Prize laureates in physics through a majority vote. The decision is final and without appeal. The names of the Nobel Laureates are then announced. December-Nobel Prize laureates receive their prize. The Nobel Prize award ceremony takes place on 10 December in Stockholm, where the Nobel Prize laureates receive their Nobel Prize, which consists of a Nobel Prize medal and diploma (证书), and a document confirming the prize amount. 1．When should nomination forms be sent back to the Nobel Committee in the following year? A．Later than March. B．Later than April. C．Earlier than February. D．Later than August. 2．Where does the Nobel Prize laureates receive their Nobel Prize? A．In Stockholm. B．In New York. C．In Canberra. D．In London. 3．The Nobel Prize is NOT made up of_________. A．A medal. B．A diploma. C．A document. D．A souvenir. B A famous American poet Robert Frost once said, “Poetry is what gets lost in translation. ”But XuYuanchong, well-known Chinese translator, had tried to convey the beauty of ancient Chinese poetry throughout his life. His teacher Qian Zhongshu commented on his poetry translation, “You are dancing while chained by rhyme and rhythm, but the dance shows amazing freedom and beauty, which is quite impressive.” Since 1978, Xu had published more than 100 translated works in Chinese, English and French, reaching millions of readers at home and abroad. Most notably, he translated Chinese poems into rhymed verses in both English and French. He was also the first Asian winner of the Aurora Borealis Prize for Outstanding Translation of Fiction Literature. Xu was known to be very fastidious in his work. For him, English is a “ scientific” language that needs exactness while Chinese is an “artistic” language that includes a wider range of content. Following this principle, Xu kept not only faithfulness in the sense but beauty in sensibility in his translation. Through Xu’s translations, time-honored Chinese wisdom has made an impact on Western societies and the world. For example, when former US president Barack Obama tried to begin a healthcare project during his presidency, some senators disagreed at first. But after reading the poem titled Fishing in Snow translated by Xu, one senator was so impressed with the fisherman’s independent thinking that he chose to part with the party line to support Obama. Having made such great achievements, Xu maintained a routine. Every day he translated about1, 000 words, working till 3 to 4 a. m., sleeping for about 3 hours and getting up at 6 a. m. to continue.“ Translation is a means of communicating with the writer’s soul. A sudden flicker of a good word or a good line thrills every pore (毛孔) and every inch of my skin,” Xu said. 4．What does the text tell us about Xu Yuanchong? A．He mastered at least three foreign languages. B．He translated about 100 Chinese works into English. C．He was the first winner of the Aurora Borcalis Prize. D．He was widely known for his translated rhymed verses. 5．What does the underlined word “fastidious” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Particular. B．Satisfied. C．Inventive. D．Productive. 6．Why does the author give the example in Paragraph 4? A．To recommend Xu’s translation works. B．To stress the charm of Chinese poetry. C．To show Xu’s great translation skills. D．To prove the wisdom of the ancient Chinese. 7．Which of the following words can best describe Xu? A．Thoughtful and modest. B．Generous and objective C．Creative and open-minded. D．Devoted and hard-working. C On October 18, 2019, NASA astronaut Jessica Meir and her partner Christina Koch replaced a failed power controller outside the international space station (ISS). It means two women astronauts have made history with the first all-woman spacewalk. It’s not surprising that after having dived (潜水) deep under the Antarctic ice and climbed to some of the highest mountains in the world, Jessica Meir has set out to reach the outer space. Meir’s parents moved to Caribou, Maine and Meir grew up there. The family didn’t know anybody who worked for NASA or for the space program in any way. She thought her dream of joining in space exploration came true because of the love of nature she learned from her mother, and her father’s preference for adventure. When being asked whether she worries about the risks of space travel, Meir says, “I don’t worry about it. We do such a good job here at training. The people at the NASA centers work so hard to get us ready. They attach great importance to making sure that we are fully supported. Training and safety agreements are always the most important things. Emergent situations are stressed and practiced so many times that responses become natural. You can rely on that training. Yeah, you’re doing things you’ve never done before, but they know how to give that to you in a professional way.” “The happiest and most exciting thing I’ve ever experienced is that I have the spiritual and physical challenges at the same time. I’ve always been this way. I’m sure my mother would agree as she’s watched me do extreme sports throughout my life. I don’t think of them as risky, though. It is more about controlled risk. Being well trained and following safety measures is part of the fun. I do truly live by the principle that without risk there is no reward.” 8．Why did Jessica Meir and Christina Koch make history? A．They did a spacewalk without men. B．They are the youngest women astronauts. C．They are the first women to do a spacewalk. D．They replaced a failed power controller successfully. 9．What kind of character does Jessica Meir have according to her personal experiences? A．Smart. B．Considerate. C．Hard-working. D．Adventurous. 10．Why doesn’t Jessica Meir worry about the risks of space travel? A．She is an experienced astronaut. B．She thinks doing a space travel is easy. C．She trusts her co-workers and their work. D．She believes there is no emergent situation. 11．What does Jessica Meir say in the last paragraph? A．Practice makes perfect. B．The controlled risk is worthwhile. C．There is no risk in becoming an astronaut. D．She gets the spirit of adventure from her mom. D Cimabue, the greatest painter of a Middle Ages in Italy, was surprised one day after his lunch break to discover that a fly had seated itself under the nose of a character that he had been working on. He swatted (重拍) at the fly, but it did not move. He reached out to touch the insect, only to find it was only wet paint. Turning around, he saw that his apprentice (学徒), Giotto, was laughing. Giotto had painted the fly when Cimabue was away, and it looked so real that Cimabue had been completely fooled. Giotto di Bondone was born into a poor family in a village. Legend has it that one day, when Cimabue was wandering around the countryside, he spotted a young shepherd boy drawing pictures of his sheep, which were so vivid that Cimabue immediately asked him to come to Florence and learn how to paint. That was how Giotto’s story began in Florence, where the young student flourished under Cimabue s instruction and soon surpassed his master in skill. At that time, people in paintings didn’t look real, and the symbolism of art was difficult for viewers to connect with it. Innovation (创新) was not stressed, so art had remained the same for hundreds of years. However, Giotto thought art should be something more connected with people in a more realistic way. His masterpieces included the forty major frescoes (壁画) for the Arena Chapel. Adopting many techniques that were uncommon then, he painted people the way he saw them, instead of the overly tall and boxy people that other artists painted. He created three-dimensional space by using perspective, something that had not been done since Roman times. In addition to painting, Giotto wrote poetry and drew architectural plans. When Giotto was in his sixties, he painted the Ognissanti Madomma, another famous work of art. He continued working until the age of seventy. The ideas Giotto brought to painting throughout his life revolutionized the art world and made him one of the greatest painters ever. 12．What does the anecdote in paragraph 1 tell us about Giotto? A．His humor B．His talent C．His courage D．His determination 13．How did Cimabue feel about Giotto’s painting when they first met? A．Impressed B．Stressed C．Doubtful D．Concerned 14．What made Giotto’s works distinguished at that time? A．Vivid colors B．Classic skills C．Original composition D．Lifelike quality 15．Which of the following best summarizes Giott’s story? A．Great minds think alike B．Innovation is the vitality of art C．Constant dripping wears away a stone D．A slow sparrow should make an early start 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项 Albert Einstein held a small, round instrument with a glass cover and a shaking needle in his palm. 16 Albert’s father called it a compass Albert called it a mystery. No matter how he moved the compass, the needle always pointed to the north. Something was in the room with him, Albert realized — something he couldn’t see or feel, but that acted on the compass just the same. Puzzled and attracted, Albert listened to his father explain magnetism, the strange force that made the compass needle point north. 17 To many children the compass would have been just another toy. To Albert the compass was a miracle he would never forget. 18 Born on March 14, 1879, Albert hadn’t looked like other babies. As she cradled her new-son in her arms, Pauline Einstein thought the back of his head looked strange. Was something wrong with Albert? Although the doctor told Pauline everything was fine, several weeks passed before the shape of Albert’s head began to look right to her. When Albert was one, his family moved to Munich, where his sister, Maja, was born a year later. 19 Where were the baby’s wheels? The disappointed two-year-old wanted to know. Albert had expected a baby sister to be something like a toy, and most of his toys had wheels. At an age when many children have lots to say, Albert seemed strangely backward. The nine-year-old still had trouble putting his thoughts into words. But Albert was a good listener and a good thinker. When he went hiking with his parents and Maja, he thought about his father’s compass and what it had revealed to him. The clear, open grasslands were filled with more than the wind or the pleasant smell of flowers. 20 The very thought of it quickened his pulse. A．They were also filled with magnetism. B．Albert had always been different from other children. C．The five-year-old stared at his hand as if it held magic. D．The invisible force makes the compass more than a toy to all. E．Looking down at the tiny sleeping parcel, Albert was puzzled. F．Somewhere, the wind, soft and magic, clicked through tree branches. G．But nothing he said made the invisible power less mysterious or wonderful. 第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项 Praise for Pioneers in Science In memory of Marie Curie on her birthday on Saturday, the official website of the Nobel Prize posted a photograph of her notebook saying. “Marie Curie died of aplastic anaemia (再生障碍性贫血) on 4 July 1934, a result of years of exposure to radiation through her work. Even today her laboratory notebook from 1899-1902, is 21 and will be for 1.500 years.” The tales of Marie and other scientists of her time are in some sense very 22 . Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen discovered X-ray in 1895. A year later, Antoine Henri Becquerel found that some natural substances 23 rays, too. Later, Marie and her physicist husband, Pierre Curie, gave it a(n) 24 , radioactivity. However, the 25 effects of radioactivity were not discovered until decades later. Marie and her 26 scientists dealt with radioactive substances for decades using little or no protection. Marie’s death is a reminder about the risks pioneers in science 27 . It was only after people handling radioactive substances began to get similar 28 that medical experts asked people to use protection. Today, medical health workers and patients wear heavy protective 29 during X-rays. It is almost 30 that those exploring new frontiers for science are exposing themselves to unknown dangers. There is a(n) 31 for better protection for the pioneers, but that is not possible until the dangers are fully known. For example, the space suits astronauts wear 32 them against radiation. However, only 33 will tell if there are some other unknown dangers. The contributions and sacrifices by such pioneers to the field of science are 34 and deserving of our respect. Because the pioneers not only 35 new frontiers, but also help us better protect ourselves from unknown surroundings. 21．A．extraordinary B．radioactive C．protective D．creative 22．A．tragic B．inspirational C．romantic D．meaningful 23．A．blocked B．absorbed C．reflected D．emitted 24．A．privilege B．name C．notice D．identity 25．A．scientific B．novel C．sensitive D．harmful 26．A．contemporary B．conservative C．curious D．cautious 27．A．deliver B．relieve C．undertake D．generate 28．A．rewards B．warnings C．diseases D．titles 29．A．glasses B．gloves C．shoes D．covers 30．A．odd B．inevitable C．critical D．intimidating 31．A．focus B．evolution C．demand D．breakthrough 32．A．protect B．fight C．warn D．forbid 33．A．space B．time C．technology D．history 34．A．unmatched B．uplifting C．glorious D．concrete 35．A．extend B．proceed C．mount D．explore 第二节（共10小题；每小题1. 5分, 满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Tu Youyou, as a famous female scientist of great 36 (achieve), was born 37 Ningbo, Zhejiang Province on 30 December 1930．And she 38 (graduate) from Peking University Medical School in 1955. In 1967, she was chosen into a research team 39 was formed by the government in order to discover a new treatment for malaria (疟疾). Tu Youyou first tried the medicine on herself, because she wanted 40 (make) sure that it was safe. Besides, she and her teammates examined over 2,000 old medical 41 (text), evaluated 280,000 plants for their medical properties (性质), and tested 380 distinct ancient Chinese medical treatments. As a committed and 42 (patience) scientist, she never acknowledged (承认) defeat whatever difficulty she met. After 43 (fail) to draw out useful extract by boiling the sweet wormwood, she began even more careful thinking and research work. We can learn a lot from Tu Youyou — We should do something useful for people. If we want to be 44 (success), we should keep on 45 (work) hard with our group and never give up. 第四部分 写作（共两节, 满分40分） 第一节（满分15分） 46．请根据以下材料，写一篇介绍中国明代医药学家李时珍的文章。 姓名：李时珍 出生年代：1518 著作：《本草纲目》（Compendium of Materia Medica） 内容：中草药（Chinese herbs）总集，包含近2000种中草药，数百万字 写作经历：访民间，走群山，尝百草，亲身做实验 成书时间：1578年，历时27年 评价：对中国医药学发展做出了重大贡献注意：词数80左右。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第二节（满分25分） 47． 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 “Mary, I hate to call Rob in the mornings. He’s growing so fast and he needs his sleep. If you could see how sound he sleeps when I go to wake him up! I wish I could manage alone. ” “Well, you can’t, Adam.” His mother’s voice was quick and light. “Besides, he isn’t a child any more. It’s time he took his turn. ” “Yes, ” his father said slowly, “But I sure do hate to wake him. ” A few days before Christmas that year when he was fifteen, Rob heard these words and something in him spoke: his father loved him! He had never thought of that before, for neither his father nor his mother talked about loving their children -- they had no time for such things. There was always so much to do on the farm. They were poor, and most of the excitement for Christmas was in the turkey and the pies his mother made. His sisters sewed presents and his mother and father always bought him something he needed, not only a warm jacket, maybe, but something more, such as a book. And he saved and bought them each something, too. He had gone to the ten-cent store and bought a tie as usual. It had seemed nice enough until he lay thinking the night before Christmas. He wished that he had a better present for his father. A thought struck him like a silver lightning. Why should he not give his father a special gift in the barn(牛棚)? He could get up early, earlier than four o’clock and he could move quietly and slowly into the barn and get all the milking done. He’d do it alone, milk and clean up, and then when his father went in to start the milking, he’d see it all done. He laughed to himself as he gazed at the stars, it was what he would do, and he mustn’t sleep too sound. 注意∶ 1. 所续写短文的词数应为 150左右; 2. 续写部分分为两段, 每段的开头语已为你写好。 At a quarter to three, he got up and put on his clothes. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Back in his room, he had only a minute to pull off his clothes in the darkness and jumped into bed, for he heard his father up. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 1 People of Achievement 单元测试 （考试时间：120分钟 试卷满分：150分） 注意事项： 1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2．回答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在本试卷上无效。 3．回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 4．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分 听力（共30分，略） 第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Below is a brief description of the process involved in selecting the Nobel Prize laureates (获奖者) in physics. September-Nomination (提名) forms are sent out. The Nobel Committee sends out confidential forms to around 3,000 people-selected professors at universities around the world, Nobel Prize laureates in physics and chemistry, and members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, among others. February-Deadline for submission. The completed nomination forms must reach the Nobel Committee no later than 31st January of the following year. The Committee screens the nominations and selects the preliminary candidates. About 250-350 names are nominated as several nominators often submit the same name. March-May-Consultation with experts. The Nobel Committee sends the names of the preliminary (初步的) candidates to specially appointed experts for their assessment of the candidates’ work. Jun-August-Writing of the report. The Nobel Committee puts together the report with recommendations to be submitted to the Academy. The report is signed by all members of the Committee. September-Committee submits recommendations. The Nobel Committee submits its report with recommendations on the final candidates to the members of the Academy. The report is discussed at two meetings of the Physics Class of the Academy. October-Nobel Prize laureates are chosen. In early October, the Academy selects the Nobel Prize laureates in physics through a majority vote. The decision is final and without appeal. The names of the Nobel Laureates are then announced. December-Nobel Prize laureates receive their prize. The Nobel Prize award ceremony takes place on 10 December in Stockholm, where the Nobel Prize laureates receive their Nobel Prize, which consists of a Nobel Prize medal and diploma (证书), and a document confirming the prize amount. 1．When should nomination forms be sent back to the Nobel Committee in the following year? A．Later than March. B．Later than April. C．Earlier than February. D．Later than August. 2．Where does the Nobel Prize laureates receive their Nobel Prize? A．In Stockholm. B．In New York. C．In Canberra. D．In London. 3．The Nobel Prize is NOT made up of_________. A．A medal. B．A diploma. C．A document. D．A souvenir. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 【导语】本文是应用文。文章主要介绍对诺贝尔物理学奖获得者评选过程的简要描述。 1．细节理解题。根据February-Deadline for submission.部分“The completed nomination forms must reach the Nobel Committee no later than 31st January of the following year. (填写好的提名表格必须在次年1月31日之前送达诺贝尔委员会。)”可知，填写好的提名表格必须在次年1月31日之前送达诺贝尔委员会，即早于二月送达诺贝尔委员会。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据December-Nobel Prize laureates receive their prize.部分“The Nobel Prize award ceremony takes place on 10 December in Stockholm, where the Nobel Prize laureates receive their Nobel Prize (诺贝尔奖颁奖典礼将于12月10日在斯德哥尔摩举行，诺贝尔奖获得者将在那里领取诺贝尔奖)”可知，诺贝尔奖获得者在斯德哥尔摩领取诺贝尔奖。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据December-Nobel Prize laureates receive their prize.部分“the Nobel Prize laureates receive their Nobel Prize, which consists of a Nobel Prize medal and diploma(证书), and a document confirming the prize amount. (诺贝尔奖获得者将获得他们的诺贝尔奖，其中包括一枚诺贝尔奖奖章和证书，以及一份确认奖金金额的文件。)”可知，诺贝尔奖包括一枚诺贝尔奖奖章和证书，以及一份确认奖金金额的文件，没有纪念品。故选D。 B A famous American poet Robert Frost once said, “Poetry is what gets lost in translation. ”But XuYuanchong, well-known Chinese translator, had tried to convey the beauty of ancient Chinese poetry throughout his life. His teacher Qian Zhongshu commented on his poetry translation, “You are dancing while chained by rhyme and rhythm, but the dance shows amazing freedom and beauty, which is quite impressive.” Since 1978, Xu had published more than 100 translated works in Chinese, English and French, reaching millions of readers at home and abroad. Most notably, he translated Chinese poems into rhymed verses in both English and French. He was also the first Asian winner of the Aurora Borealis Prize for Outstanding Translation of Fiction Literature. Xu was known to be very fastidious in his work. For him, English is a “ scientific” language that needs exactness while Chinese is an “artistic” language that includes a wider range of content. Following this principle, Xu kept not only faithfulness in the sense but beauty in sensibility in his translation. Through Xu’s translations, time-honored Chinese wisdom has made an impact on Western societies and the world. For example, when former US president Barack Obama tried to begin a healthcare project during his presidency, some senators disagreed at first. But after reading the poem titled Fishing in Snow translated by Xu, one senator was so impressed with the fisherman’s independent thinking that he chose to part with the party line to support Obama. Having made such great achievements, Xu maintained a routine. Every day he translated about1, 000 words, working till 3 to 4 a. m., sleeping for about 3 hours and getting up at 6 a. m. to continue.“ Translation is a means of communicating with the writer’s soul. A sudden flicker of a good word or a good line thrills every pore (毛孔) and every inch of my skin,” Xu said. 4．What does the text tell us about Xu Yuanchong? A．He mastered at least three foreign languages. B．He translated about 100 Chinese works into English. C．He was the first winner of the Aurora Borcalis Prize. D．He was widely known for his translated rhymed verses. 5．What does the underlined word “fastidious” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Particular. B．Satisfied. C．Inventive. D．Productive. 6．Why does the author give the example in Paragraph 4? A．To recommend Xu’s translation works. B．To stress the charm of Chinese poetry. C．To show Xu’s great translation skills. D．To prove the wisdom of the ancient Chinese. 7．Which of the following words can best describe Xu? A．Thoughtful and modest. B．Generous and objective C．Creative and open-minded. D．Devoted and hard-working. 【答案】4．D 5．A 6．C 7．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国著名翻译家许渊冲对于翻译的贡献。 4．细节理解题。根据第二段“Since 1978, Xu had published more than 100 translated works in Chinese, English and French, reaching millions of readers at home and abroad. Most notably, he translated Chinese poems into rhymed verses in both English and French.(自1978年以来，许出版了100多部中、英、法翻译作品，在国内外拥有数百万读者。最值得注意的是，他将中国诗歌翻译成英语和法语的押韵诗)”可知，他以翻译押韵诗而广为人知。故选D。 5．词句猜测题。根据画线词后的“For him, English is a “ scientific” language that needs exactness while Chinese is an “artistic” language that includes a wider range of content. Following this principle, Xu kept not only faithfulness in the sense but beauty in sensibility in his translation.(对他来说，英语是一种“科学”语言，需要精确，而汉语是一种“艺术”语言，包含更广泛的内容。遵循这一原则，他在翻译中既保持了意义上的忠实，又保持了情感上的美)”可知，本段主要讲述了许渊冲先生在他的翻译中不仅追求“直”也追求“美”，由此可推知，他在翻译时是极其严谨和注重细节的。fastidious意为“讲究的，挑剔的”。故选A。 6．推理判断题。根据第四段“For example, when former US president Barack Obama tried to begin a healthcare project during his presidency, some senators disagreed at first. But after reading the poem titled Fishing in Snow translated by Xu, one senator was so impressed with the fisherman’s independent thinking that he chose to part with the party line to support Obama.(例如，当美国前总统Barack Obama在其任期内试图启动一项医疗保健项目时，一些参议员起初表示反对。但在阅读了许翻译的《江雪》这首诗后，一位参议员被这位渔夫的独立思考所打动，选择放弃党派路线，转而支持奥巴马)”可推知，本段是为了说明许渊冲的翻译技巧之高。故选C。 7．推理判断题。根据第二段“Since 1978, Xu had published more than 100 translated works in Chinese, English and French, reaching millions of readers at home and abroad.(自1978年以来，许出版了100多部中、英、法翻译作品，在国内外拥有数百万读者)”以及最后一段“Having made such great achievements, Xu maintained a routine. Every day he translated about1, 000 words, working till 3 to 4 a. m., sleeping for about 3 hours and getting up at 6 a. m. to continue. ‘Translation is a means of communicating with the writer’s soul. A sudden flicker of a good word or a good line thrills every pore (毛孔) and every inch of my skin,’ Xu said.(取得如此大的成就后，许保持着常规。他每天翻译大约1000个单词，工作到凌晨3、4点，睡3个小时左右，早上6点起床继续工作。‘翻译是与作者心灵交流的一种方式。突然闪现的一个好词或一条好线让我的每一个毛孔和每一寸皮肤都兴奋不已。’许说)”可推知，许渊冲热衷于翻译事业且非常努力。故选D。 C On October 18, 2019, NASA astronaut Jessica Meir and her partner Christina Koch replaced a failed power controller outside the international space station (ISS). It means two women astronauts have made history with the first all-woman spacewalk. It’s not surprising that after having dived (潜水) deep under the Antarctic ice and climbed to some of the highest mountains in the world, Jessica Meir has set out to reach the outer space. Meir’s parents moved to Caribou, Maine and Meir grew up there. The family didn’t know anybody who worked for NASA or for the space program in any way. She thought her dream of joining in space exploration came true because of the love of nature she learned from her mother, and her father’s preference for adventure. When being asked whether she worries about the risks of space travel, Meir says, “I don’t worry about it. We do such a good job here at training. The people at the NASA centers work so hard to get us ready. They attach great importance to making sure that we are fully supported. Training and safety agreements are always the most important things. Emergent situations are stressed and practiced so many times that responses become natural. You can rely on that training. Yeah, you’re doing things you’ve never done before, but they know how to give that to you in a professional way.” “The happiest and most exciting thing I’ve ever experienced is that I have the spiritual and physical challenges at the same time. I’ve always been this way. I’m sure my mother would agree as she’s watched me do extreme sports throughout my life. I don’t think of them as risky, though. It is more about controlled risk. Being well trained and following safety measures is part of the fun. I do truly live by the principle that without risk there is no reward.” 8．Why did Jessica Meir and Christina Koch make history? A．They did a spacewalk without men. B．They are the youngest women astronauts. C．They are the first women to do a spacewalk. D．They replaced a failed power controller successfully. 9．What kind of character does Jessica Meir have according to her personal experiences? A．Smart. B．Considerate. C．Hard-working. D．Adventurous. 10．Why doesn’t Jessica Meir worry about the risks of space travel? A．She is an experienced astronaut. B．She thinks doing a space travel is easy. C．She trusts her co-workers and their work. D．She believes there is no emergent situation. 11．What does Jessica Meir say in the last paragraph? A．Practice makes perfect. B．The controlled risk is worthwhile. C．There is no risk in becoming an astronaut. D．She gets the spirit of adventure from her mom. 【答案】8．A 9．D 10．C 11．B 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。本文主要介绍了NASA女宇航员Meir一步步成为宇航员的过程，以及她对太空旅行的一些感受。 8．细节理解题。根据第一段“It means two women astronauts have made history with the first all-woman spacewalk.(这意味着两名女宇航员进行了首次全女性太空行走，创造了历史)”可知，她们在没有男性的情况下进行了太空行走，故选A。 9．推理判断题。根据第三段“She thought her dream of joining in space exploration came true because of the love of nature she learned from her mother, and her father’s preference for adventure.(她认为她加入太空探索的梦想之所以能够实现，是因为她从母亲那里学到了对大自然的热爱，以及她父亲对冒险的偏爱)”以及最后一段““The happiest and most exciting thing I’ve ever experienced is that I have the spiritual and physical challenges at the same time. I’ve always been this way. I’m sure my mother would agree as she’s watched me do extreme sports throughout my life. I don’t think of them as risky, though. It is more about controlled risk. Being well trained and following safety measures is part of the fun. I do truly live by the principle that without risk there is no reward.”(“我经历过的最快乐和最激动人心的事情是我同时面临着精神和身体上的挑战。我一直都是这样。我相信我的母亲也会这么认为，因为她一直看着我做极限运动。不过我不认为它们有风险。它更多的是关于控制风险。训练有素并遵守安全措施是乐趣的一部分。我真正遵循的原则是，不冒险就没有回报。”)”可知，Meir一直在做极限运动，并且认为没有风险就没有回报，可知Jessica Meir具有冒险精神，故选D。 10．细节理解题。根据第四段“I don’t worry about it. We do such a good job here at training. The people at the NASA centers work so hard to get us ready. They attach great importance to making sure that we are fully supported. Training and safety agreements are always the most important things. Emergent situations are stressed and practiced so many times that responses become natural. You can rely on that training. Yeah, you’re doing things you’ve never done before, but they know how to give that to you in a professional way.(我不担心。我们这里的训练做得很好。NASA中心的工作人员非常努力地让我们做好准备。他们非常重视确保我们得到充分支持。培训和安全协议永远是最重要的事情。紧急情况下的压力和实践这么多次，反应成为自然。你可以依靠这种训练。是的，你在做你以前从未做过的事，但他们知道如何以专业的方式给你这种感觉)”可知Meir不会担心空间旅行的危险是因为她信任她的同事和他们的工作。故选C。 11．推理判断题。根据最后一段““The happiest and most exciting thing I’ve ever experienced is that I have the spiritual and physical challenges at the same time. I’ve always been this way. I’m sure my mother would agree as she’s watched me do extreme sports throughout my life. I don’t think of them as risky, though. It is more about controlled risk. Being well trained and following safety measures is part of the fun. I do truly live by the principle that without risk there is no reward.”(“我经历过的最快乐和最激动人心的事情是我同时面临着精神和身体上的挑战。我一直都是这样。我相信我的母亲也会这么认为，因为她一直看着我做极限运动。不过我不认为它们有风险。它更多的是关于控制风险。训练有素并遵守安全措施是乐趣的一部分。我真正遵循的原则是，不冒险就没有回报。”)”可推知Meir一直在做极限运动，她不认为有什么风险，但是控制风险是值得的，故选B。 D Cimabue, the greatest painter of a Middle Ages in Italy, was surprised one day after his lunch break to discover that a fly had seated itself under the nose of a character that he had been working on. He swatted (重拍) at the fly, but it did not move. He reached out to touch the insect, only to find it was only wet paint. Turning around, he saw that his apprentice (学徒), Giotto, was laughing. Giotto had painted the fly when Cimabue was away, and it looked so real that Cimabue had been completely fooled. Giotto di Bondone was born into a poor family in a village. Legend has it that one day, when Cimabue was wandering around the countryside, he spotted a young shepherd boy drawing pictures of his sheep, which were so vivid that Cimabue immediately asked him to come to Florence and learn how to paint. That was how Giotto’s story began in Florence, where the young student flourished under Cimabue s instruction and soon surpassed his master in skill. At that time, people in paintings didn’t look real, and the symbolism of art was difficult for viewers to connect with it. Innovation (创新) was not stressed, so art had remained the same for hundreds of years. However, Giotto thought art should be something more connected with people in a more realistic way. His masterpieces included the forty major frescoes (壁画) for the Arena Chapel. Adopting many techniques that were uncommon then, he painted people the way he saw them, instead of the overly tall and boxy people that other artists painted. He created three-dimensional space by using perspective, something that had not been done since Roman times. In addition to painting, Giotto wrote poetry and drew architectural plans. When Giotto was in his sixties, he painted the Ognissanti Madomma, another famous work of art. He continued working until the age of seventy. The ideas Giotto brought to painting throughout his life revolutionized the art world and made him one of the greatest painters ever. 12．What does the anecdote in paragraph 1 tell us about Giotto? A．His humor B．His talent C．His courage D．His determination 13．How did Cimabue feel about Giotto’s painting when they first met? A．Impressed B．Stressed C．Doubtful D．Concerned 14．What made Giotto’s works distinguished at that time? A．Vivid colors B．Classic skills C．Original composition D．Lifelike quality 15．Which of the following best summarizes Giott’s story? A．Great minds think alike B．Innovation is the vitality of art C．Constant dripping wears away a stone D．A slow sparrow should make an early start 【答案】12．B 13．A 14．D 15．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了意大利的画家Giotto di Bondone在绘画方面的思想，改变了艺术界，使他成为有史以来最伟大的画家之一。 12．推理判断题。根据第一段“He swatted (重拍) at the fly, but it did not move. He reached out to touch the insect, only to find it was only wet paint. Giotto had painted the fly when Cimabue was away, and it looked so real that Cimabue had been completely fooled. (他拍苍蝇，但它不动。他伸手去摸那只昆虫，却发现那只是未干的油漆。Giotto是在Cimabue不在的时候画的这只苍蝇，它看起来如此真实，Cimabue完全被骗了。)”可知，Giotto趁Cimabue不在时画得苍蝇，让他信以为真，这表明了Giotto的才能。故选B项。 13．推理判断题。根据第二段“Legend has it that one day, when Cimabue was wandering around the countryside, he spotted a young shepherd boy drawing pictures of his sheep, which were so vivid that Cimabue immediately asked him to come to Florence and learn how to paint.(传说有一天，Cimabue在乡下闲逛时，发现一个年轻的牧童正在画他的羊，画得非常生动，Cimabue立即邀请他来佛罗伦萨学习画画。)”可知，第一次见Giotto时，Cimabue认为他的画让人印象深刻。故选A项。 14．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“However, Giotto thought art should be something more connected with people in a more realistic way. (然而，Giotto认为艺术应该以一种更现实的方式与人们联系在一起。)”以及“he painted people the way he saw them, instead of the overly tall and boxy people that other artists painted. (他以自己所看到的方式来描绘人物，而不是像其他艺术家画的那样过分高大、四四方方的人。)”可知，Giotto的画因其栩栩如生的特点而与众不同。故选D项。 15．主旨大意题。根据文章第三段“Innovation (创新) was not stressed, so art had remained the same for hundreds of years. (创新没有被强调，所以艺术几百年来一直保持不变。)”、第四段“Adopting many techniques that were uncommon then, he painted people the way he saw them (他采用了许多当时并不常见的技巧，以他所看到的方式来描绘人物)”和最后一段“The ideas Giotto brought to painting throughout his life revolutionized the art world and made him one of the greatest painters ever. (Giotto一生带给绘画的理念彻底改变了艺术界，使他成为有史以来最伟大的画家之一。)”可知，文章主要叙述了Giotto对艺术创新的故事，即“创新是艺术的生命力”。故选B项。 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项 Albert Einstein held a small, round instrument with a glass cover and a shaking needle in his palm. 16 Albert’s father called it a compass Albert called it a mystery. No matter how he moved the compass, the needle always pointed to the north. Something was in the room with him, Albert realized — something he couldn’t see or feel, but that acted on the compass just the same. Puzzled and attracted, Albert listened to his father explain magnetism, the strange force that made the compass needle point north. 17 To many children the compass would have been just another toy. To Albert the compass was a miracle he would never forget. 18 Born on March 14, 1879, Albert hadn’t looked like other babies. As she cradled her new-son in her arms, Pauline Einstein thought the back of his head looked strange. Was something wrong with Albert? Although the doctor told Pauline everything was fine, several weeks passed before the shape of Albert’s head began to look right to her. When Albert was one, his family moved to Munich, where his sister, Maja, was born a year later. 19 Where were the baby’s wheels? The disappointed two-year-old wanted to know. Albert had expected a baby sister to be something like a toy, and most of his toys had wheels. At an age when many children have lots to say, Albert seemed strangely backward. The nine-year-old still had trouble putting his thoughts into words. But Albert was a good listener and a good thinker. When he went hiking with his parents and Maja, he thought about his father’s compass and what it had revealed to him. The clear, open grasslands were filled with more than the wind or the pleasant smell of flowers. 20 The very thought of it quickened his pulse. A．They were also filled with magnetism. B．Albert had always been different from other children. C．The five-year-old stared at his hand as if it held magic. D．The invisible force makes the compass more than a toy to all. E．Looking down at the tiny sleeping parcel, Albert was puzzled. F．Somewhere, the wind, soft and magic, clicked through tree branches. G．But nothing he said made the invisible power less mysterious or wonderful. 【答案】16．C 17．G 18．B 19．E 20．A 【导语】这是一篇人物传记。主要讲述了在阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦一开始就与众不同。 16．根据上文“Albert Einstein held a small, round instrument with a glass cover and a shaking needle in his palm.(阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦手里拿着一个小而圆的仪器，有一个玻璃罩，手掌上握着一根摇晃的针)”以及后文“Albert’s father called it a compass Albert called it a mystery. No matter how he moved the compass, the needle always pointed to the north.(阿尔伯特的父亲称它为指南针，阿尔伯特称它为一个谜。无论他怎样移动罗盘，指针总是指向北方)”可知，本句应当是在说明阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦对手里这个东西的看法：好像手上有魔法。故C选项“这个五岁的孩子盯着他的手，好像手上有魔法”符合语境，故选C。 17．根据上文“Puzzled and attracted, Albert listened to his father explain magnetism, the strange force that made the compass needle point north.(阿尔伯特既迷惑又被吸引，他听父亲解释磁力——使指南针指针指向北方的奇特力量)”后文“To many children the compass would have been just another toy. To Albert the compass was a miracle he would never forget.(对许多孩子来说，指南针只是另一个玩具。对阿尔伯特来说，指南针是他永远不会忘记的奇迹)”可知，本句与上文构成转折，指出虽然父亲解释了其中的原理，但阿尔伯特仍然觉得很神奇。故G选项“但是他所说的一切都没有减少这种无形的力量的神秘和奇妙”符合语境，故选G。 18．根据后文“Born on March 14, 1879, Albert hadn’t looked like other babies. As she cradled her new-son in her arms, Pauline Einstein thought the back of his head looked strange.(阿尔伯特出生于1879年3月14日，他和其他婴儿不一样。当波琳·爱因斯坦把她刚出生的儿子抱在怀里时，她觉得他的后脑勺看起来很奇怪)”可知，本句旨在说明阿尔伯特和别的孩子不一样，B选项Albert had always been different from other children对应后文Albert hadn’t looked like other babies，故B选项“阿尔伯特一直和别的孩子不一样”符合语境，故选B。 19．根据上文“When Albert was one, his family moved to Munich, where his sister, Maja, was born a year later.(阿尔伯特一岁的时候。他的家人搬到了慕尼黑，一年后他的妹妹Maja在那儿出生)”以及后文“Where were the baby’s wheels?(婴儿的轮子在哪里？)”可知，本句是在说明阿尔伯特对婴儿的迷惑，故E选项“阿尔伯特低头看着襁褓中熟睡的小婴儿，感到迷惑不解”符合语境，故选E。 20．根据上文“When he went hiking with his parents and Maja, he thought about his father’s compass and what it had revealed to him. The clear, open grasslands were filled with more than the wind or the pleasant smell of flowers.(当他与父母和Maja一起去徒步旅行时，他想到了父亲的指南针，以及它给他揭示的东西。清新开阔的草原上，充满了风和花香)”可知，本句承接上文说明上文提到的这些事物对阿尔伯特的影响，A选项中they指代上文grasslands和the wind or the pleasant smell of flowers。故A选项“它们也充满了吸引力”符合语境，故选A。 第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项 Praise for Pioneers in Science In memory of Marie Curie on her birthday on Saturday, the official website of the Nobel Prize posted a photograph of her notebook saying. “Marie Curie died of aplastic anaemia (再生障碍性贫血) on 4 July 1934, a result of years of exposure to radiation through her work. Even today her laboratory notebook from 1899-1902, is 21 and will be for 1.500 years.” The tales of Marie and other scientists of her time are in some sense very 22 . Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen discovered X-ray in 1895. A year later, Antoine Henri Becquerel found that some natural substances 23 rays, too. Later, Marie and her physicist husband, Pierre Curie, gave it a(n) 24 , radioactivity. However, the 25 effects of radioactivity were not discovered until decades later. Marie and her 26 scientists dealt with radioactive substances for decades using little or no protection. Marie’s death is a reminder about the risks pioneers in science 27 . It was only after people handling radioactive substances began to get similar 28 that medical experts asked people to use protection. Today, medical health workers and patients wear heavy protective 29 during X-rays. It is almost 30 that those exploring new frontiers for science are exposing themselves to unknown dangers. There is a(n) 31 for better protection for the pioneers, but that is not possible until the dangers are fully known. For example, the space suits astronauts wear 32 them against radiation. However, only 33 will tell if there are some other unknown dangers. The contributions and sacrifices by such pioneers to the field of science are 34 and deserving of our respect. Because the pioneers not only 35 new frontiers, but also help us better protect ourselves from unknown surroundings. 21．A．extraordinary B．radioactive C．protective D．creative 22．A．tragic B．inspirational C．romantic D．meaningful 23．A．blocked B．absorbed C．reflected D．emitted 24．A．privilege B．name C．notice D．identity 25．A．scientific B．novel C．sensitive D．harmful 26．A．contemporary B．conservative C．curious D．cautious 27．A．deliver B．relieve C．undertake D．generate 28．A．rewards B．warnings C．diseases D．titles 29．A．glasses B．gloves C．shoes D．covers 30．A．odd B．inevitable C．critical D．intimidating 31．A．focus B．evolution C．demand D．breakthrough 32．A．protect B．fight C．warn D．forbid 33．A．space B．time C．technology D．history 34．A．unmatched B．uplifting C．glorious D．concrete 35．A．extend B．proceed C．mount D．explore 【答案】 21．B 22．A 23．D 24．B 25．D 26．A 27．C 28．C 29．D 30．B 31．C 32．A 33．B 34．A 35．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了著名科学家玛丽·居里夫人及其他科学先驱者对科学领域的贡献和牺牲。 21．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：即使在今天，她1899年至1902年的实验室笔记本仍具有放射性，将持续1500年。A. extraordinary非凡的；B. radioactive放射性的；C. protective保护性的；D. creative有创意的。根据上文“Marie Curie died of aplastic anaemia (再生障碍性贫血) on 4 July 1934, a result of years of exposure to radiation through her work.”可知，即使在今天，她的实验室笔记本仍具有放射性。故选B。 22．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：从某种意义上说，玛丽和她同时代的其他科学家的故事是非常悲惨的。A. tragic悲惨的；B. inspirational鼓舞人心的；C. romantic浪漫的；D. meaningful有意义的。根据上文“Marie Curie died of aplastic anaemia (再生障碍性贫血) on 4 July 1934, a result of years of exposure to radiation through her work.”可知，玛丽和她同时代的其他科学家虽然为科学作出了巨大贡献，但是结局却很悲惨。故选A。 23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一年后，安托万·亨利·贝克勒尔发现，一些天然物质也会发出射线。A. blocked阻塞；B. absorbed吸收；C. reflected反映；D. emitted发出。根据空后“rays”可知，此处指发出射线。故选D。 24．考查名词词义辨析。句意：后来，玛丽和她的物理学家丈夫皮埃尔·居里给它起了个名字——放射性。A. privilege特权；B. name名字；C. notice注意；D. identity身份。根据空后“radioactivity”可知，此处指起了一个名字。故选B。 25．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，放射性的有害影响直到几十年后才被发现。A. scientific科学的；B. novel新奇的；C. sensitive敏感的；D. harmful有害的。根据上文“Marie Curie died of aplastic anaemia (再生障碍性贫血) on 4 July 1934, a result of years of exposure to radiation through her work.”可知，放射性会产生有害的影响。故选D。 26．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：几十年来，玛丽和她同时代的科学家在处理放射性物质时几乎没有防护措施。A. contemporary同时代的；B. conservative保守的；C. curious好奇的；D. cautious谨慎的。根据语境可知，此处指和玛丽同时代的科学家们。故选A。 27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：玛丽的死提醒人们科学先驱所承担的风险。A. deliver交付；B. relieve缓解；C. undertake承担；D. generate生成。根据上文“the risks pioneers in science”可知，此处指科学先驱所承担的风险。故选C。 28．考查名词词义辨析。句意：只有在接触放射性物质的人开始患上类似疾病后，医学专家才要求人们采取防护措施。A. rewards奖励；B. warnings警告；C. diseases疾病；D. titles标题。根据空前“get similar”及空后“that medical experts asked people to use protection.”可知，接触放射性物质的人开始患上类似居里夫人的疾病。故选C。 29．考查名词词义辨析。句意：今天，医护人员和病人在做X光检查时都要戴上厚厚的防护罩。A. glasses眼镜；B. gloves手套；C. shoes鞋子；D. covers防护罩。根据常识可知，医护人员和病人在做X光检查时都要戴上厚厚的防护罩。故选D。 30．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：几乎不可避免的是，那些探索科学新领域的人将自己暴露在未知的危险中。A. odd奇怪的；B. inevitable不可避免的；C. critical关键的；D. intimidating令人生畏的。根据下文“There is a(n)　　11　　 for better protection for the pioneers, but that is not possible until the dangers are fully known.”及常识可知，探索新领域时，将自己暴露在未知的危险中是几乎不可避免的。故选B。 31．考查名词词义辨析。句意：有人要求对先驱者进行更好的保护，但在完全了解危险之前，这是不可能的。A. focus焦点；B. evolution进化；C. demand要求；D. breakthrough突破。根据空后“for better protection for the pioneers”可知，有人要求对先驱者进行更好的保护。故选C。 32．考查动词词义辨析。句意：例如，宇航员穿的宇航服可以保护他们免受辐射。A. protect保护；B. fight战斗；C. warn警告；D. forbid禁止。根据空后“against radiation”可知，此处指保护宇航员免受辐射。故选A。 33．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，只有时间才能证明是否还有其他未知的危险。A. space太空；B. time时间；C. technology技术；D. history历史。根据上文“However, the 　　5　　 effects of radioactivity were not discovered until decades later.”可知，只有时间才能证明是否还有其他未知的危险。故选B。 34．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这些先驱者对科学领域的贡献和牺牲是无与伦比的，值得我们尊敬。A. unmatched无与伦比的；B. uplifting人振奋的；C. glorious光荣的；D. concrete具体的。根据上文“It is almost 　　10　　 that those exploring new frontiers for science are exposing themselves to unknown dangers.”可知，这些先驱者对科学领域的贡献和牺牲是无与伦比的。故选A。 35．考查动词词义辨析。句意：因为先驱者不仅探索了新的领域，而且还帮助我们更好地保护自己不受未知环境的影响。A. extend扩展；B. proceed进行；C. mount开展；D. explore探索。根据上文“It is almost 　　10　　 that those exploring new frontiers for science are exposing themselves to unknown dangers.”及空后“new frontiers”可知，此处指探索新的领域。故选D。 第二节（共10小题；每小题1. 5分, 满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Tu Youyou, as a famous female scientist of great 36 (achieve), was born 37 Ningbo, Zhejiang Province on 30 December 1930．And she 38 (graduate) from Peking University Medical School in 1955. In 1967, she was chosen into a research team 39 was formed by the government in order to discover a new treatment for malaria (疟疾). Tu Youyou first tried the medicine on herself, because she wanted 40 (make) sure that it was safe. Besides, she and her teammates examined over 2,000 old medical 41 (text), evaluated 280,000 plants for their medical properties (性质), and tested 380 distinct ancient Chinese medical treatments. As a committed and 42 (patience) scientist, she never acknowledged (承认) defeat whatever difficulty she met. After 43 (fail) to draw out useful extract by boiling the sweet wormwood, she began even more careful thinking and research work. We can learn a lot from Tu Youyou — We should do something useful for people. If we want to be 44 (success), we should keep on 45 (work) hard with our group and never give up. 【答案】 36．achievements 37．in 38．graduated 39．which/that 40．to make 41．texts 42．patient 43．failing 44．successful 45．working 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了著名女科学家屠呦呦的生平和成就，以及她对研究抗疟疾药物的执着和贡献。 36．考查名词。句意：成就卓越的著名女科学家屠呦呦，1930年12月30日出生于浙江省宁波市。空格处需填名词作介词of的宾语。achievement是可数名词，可数名词复数表泛指多种成就。故填achievements。 37．考查介词。句意：成就卓越的著名女科学家屠呦呦，1930年12月30日出生于浙江省宁波市。在相对较大的地理区域或城市前，使用介词in表示地理位置。故填in。 38．考查动词时态。句意：她于1955年毕业于北京大学医学院。根据句末时间状语in 1955可知，此处应用过去时。故填graduated。 39．考查定语从句。句意：1967年，她被选入一个由政府组建的研究团队，以寻找一种新的疟疾治疗方法。空格处到句末为定语从句，该句中缺少关系代词。先行词是team，指物。故填which/that。 40．考查非谓语动词。句意：屠呦呦首先在自己身上试验药物，因为她想要确保药物的安全性。because到句末的原因状语从句中，谓语为wanted，空格处需用不定式作宾语，表示要去完成的动作。故填to make。 41．考查名词。句意：此外，她和团队查阅了2000多本过去的医学文献，评估了280,000种植物的药用性质，测试了380种不同的古代中医治疗方法。text为可数名词，且前有数字2000，因此应用复数形式。故填texts。 42．考查形容词。句意：她是一名执着而耐心的科学家，无论遇到什么困难，她从不承认失败。空格处的词与前面的committed并列，是形容词作定语修饰后面的名词scientist。故填patient。 43．考查非谓语动词。句意：在通过煮沸黄花蒿未能提取出有效成分后，她开始了更加细致的思考和研究工作。空格处需要动名词作句首介词after的宾语。故填failing。 44．考查形容词。句意：如果我们想要成功，就应继续与团队一起努力工作，永不放弃。空格前为系动词be，此处需要一个形容词作表语。故填successful。 45．考查非谓语动词。句意：如果我们想要成功，就应继续与团队一起努力工作，永不放弃。空格处需要动名词作前面介词on的宾语。故填working。 第四部分 写作（共两节, 满分40分） 第一节（满分15分） 46．请根据以下材料，写一篇介绍中国明代医药学家李时珍的文章。 姓名：李时珍 出生年代：1518 著作：《本草纲目》（Compendium of Materia Medica） 内容：中草药（Chinese herbs）总集，包含近2000种中草药，数百万字 写作经历：访民间，走群山，尝百草，亲身做实验 成书时间：1578年，历时27年 评价：对中国医药学发展做出了重大贡献注意：词数80左右。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】参考范文： Known as a famous pharmacist in Ming Dynasty, Li Shizhen was born in 1518. He wrote a book called Compendium of Materia Medica, which is a collection of Chinese herbs including over 2,000 Chinese herbs with millions of characters. In order to finish the task, he visited mountains, called on ordinary people, tasted different kinds of herbs and even did experiments by himself. It took him 27 years to finish the task, and his book is considered to be a great contribution to the development of Chinese medicine. 【导语】这篇写作是一篇介绍性质的文章，要求考生介绍古代医药学家李时珍。题目已经给出了各项要点，考生应该添加合适细节，使之形成一篇自然流畅的文章。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 ①著名：famous→renowned, distinguished ②药典：compendium→encyclopedia, manual ③贡献：contribution→donation, offering ④发展：development→progress, evolution 2. 句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Known as a famous pharmacist in Ming Dynasty, Li Shizhen was born in 1518. 拓展句：Li Shizhen was born in 1518, who is known as a famous pharmacist in Ming Dynasty. 【点睛】【高分句型1】He wrote a book called Compendium of Materia Medica, which is a collection of Chinese herbs including over 2,000 Chinese herbs with millions of characters. (which引导的非限定性定语从句) 【高分句型2】It took him 27 years to finish the task, and his book is considered to be a great contribution to the development of Chinese medicine. (it作形式主语，不定式为真正的主语) 第二节（满分25分） 47． 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 “Mary, I hate to call Rob in the mornings. He’s growing so fast and he needs his sleep. If you could see how sound he sleeps when I go to wake him up! I wish I could manage alone. ” “Well, you can’t, Adam.” His mother’s voice was quick and light. “Besides, he isn’t a child any more. It’s time he took his turn. ” “Yes, ” his father said slowly, “But I sure do hate to wake him. ” A few days before Christmas that year when he was fifteen, Rob heard these words and something in him spoke: his father loved him! He had never thought of that before, for neither his father nor his mother talked about loving their children -- they had no time for such things. There was always so much to do on the farm. They were poor, and most of the excitement for Christmas was in the turkey and the pies his mother made. His sisters sewed presents and his mother and father always bought him something he needed, not only a warm jacket, maybe, but something more, such as a book. And he saved and bought them each something, too. He had gone to the ten-cent store and bought a tie as usual. It had seemed nice enough until he lay thinking the night before Christmas. He wished that he had a better present for his father. A thought struck him like a silver lightning. Why should he not give his father a special gift in the barn(牛棚)? He could get up early, earlier than four o’clock and he could move quietly and slowly into the barn and get all the milking done. He’d do it alone, milk and clean up, and then when his father went in to start the milking, he’d see it all done. He laughed to himself as he gazed at the stars, it was what he would do, and he mustn’t sleep too sound. 注意∶ 1. 所续写短文的词数应为 150左右; 2. 续写部分分为两段, 每段的开头语已为你写好。 At a quarter to three, he got up and put on his clothes. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Back in his room, he had only a minute to pull off his clothes in the darkness and jumped into bed, for he heard his father up. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】        At a quarter to three, he got up and put on his clothes. He crept downstairs carefully to avoid making a noise. With the help of the faint moonlight, he crossed the yard and entered the barn. The cows looked at him, sleepy and surprised. It was early for them, too. He had never milked all alone before, but the task went more easily than he had ever known it to go before. Milking for once was not a chore. It was something else, a gift to his father who loved him. After what seemed like one hour, the two milk cans were eventually full, and he covered them and closed the milkhouse door gently. Back in his room, he had only a minute to pull off his clothes in the darkness and jumped into bed, for he heard his father up. His door was knocked and obviously his father came to wake him as usual. “Aw-right, ” he said sleepily. The sound of his father’s footsteps died away and he lay still, laughing to himself. Then ten minutes later, the door opened and in came his father, sitting by the bed, his father reached our for his shoulder with a smile on his weather-worn face. “Rob, thank you. Nobody ever did a nicer thing. ” He got up from the bed and hugged his father tightly. "It’s for Christmas, Dad!” They both were in love and happiness. 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开。讲述了出生贫苦的罗伯每天早上都被父亲叫醒干农活，一次偶然的机会，罗伯听到了父母的对话，意识到了父母对自己的爱，所以他决定为父亲准备一份特别的圣诞节礼物，除了用仅有的积蓄为父亲买了一条领带外，罗伯还决定早早地起床去牛棚挤好牛奶，给父亲一个惊喜，表现了罗伯对父亲的理解和深沉的爱。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“2点45分，他起床穿上衣服。”可知，第一段可描写罗伯挤牛奶的过程。 ②由第二段首句内容“回到自己的房间，他只有一分钟的时间在黑暗中脱下衣服，跳上了床，因为他听到父亲起来了。”可知，第二段可描写父亲看到罗伯做的事情后的反应及父子二人的交流。 2.续写线索：叫起床——听到父母对话——意识到父母的爱——买礼物——挤牛奶——感悟 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①潜行，缓慢移动：creep/crawl/sneak ②看着，盯着：look at/stare at ③减弱：die away/fade away 情绪类 ①惊讶：be surprised/be amazed ②开心：happiness/joy/delight 【点睛】[高分句型1] It was something else, a gift to his father who loved him.（运用了who引导的定语从句） [高分句型2] After what seemed like one hour, the two milk cans were eventually full. （运用了what引导的宾语从句） 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$