课时作业(一) 必修第一册 Unit 1 Back to school（Word练习）-【优化指导】2026年高考英语一轮复习高中总复习·第1轮（译林版）

课时作业(一)　必修第一册　Unit 1　Back to school 一、阅读理解 (2025·重庆九龙坡模拟)Sunlight was cutting through the classroom，and it was close to lunchtime，with everyone feeling bored.This was in the sickening final weeks before the Leaving Cert，the state exams every Irish teenager has to sit if they want to go to university. With the Leaving Cert，we'd ever felt more unhappily involved in the faceless machinery of education.Our only objective for an entire year had been to memorize as much information as possible，in order to bring it back in one exam after another.Our teacher's only objective was to drill all that information and rote learning(死记硬背) into us. And it was just another day of that，when it happened.I don't know why，but the teacher suddenly broke off what he was saying and considered us for a moment.He leaned against his desk，folded his arms，and then he went off without referring to his prepared notes. He spoke about how we were going to leave school soon，and head into the world，separately，forever.He said we wouldn't be able to grasp it yet，but our horizons were about to expand in ways we wouldn't believe.I know it sounds cheesy—it probably was cheesy—but for the teenage me it was something quite new and surprising to hear an adult address us like this，not as kids to whom he needed to impart information，but as humans with whom he wanted to share something like wisdom. What stayed with me was the image he used：he said our awareness would be like a flame(火焰) in a dark cave.The brighter and larger the flame grew，the more of the cave we would see.But with every bit of light，there would come a growing awareness of the vastness of the cave，of just how little of it we were actually seeing，and of how much more space and opportunity was left for our flame to grow. 1．What do students think of preparing for the Leaving Cert? A．Boring. B．Challenging. C．Exciting. D．Rewarding. 2．What does the underlined word “cheesy” in Paragraph 4 most probably mean? A．Innovative. B．Harmful. C．Attractive. D．Commonplace. 3．What did the teacher emphasize in his speech? A．The use of knowledge. B．The exploration of the unknown. C．The command of skills. D．The importance of education. 4．How did the teacher make his idea understood? A．By describing a fact. B．By reasoning a conclusion. C．By using a figure of speech. D．By making a sharp contrast. [语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。在准备考试的最后的日子里，作者描述了一堂平平无奇的课堂以及老师分享的人生智慧，鼓励大家勇于探索未知事物。 1．A　[解析]推理判断题。根据第二段中的“With the Leaving Cert，we'd ever felt more unhappily involved in the faceless machinery of education.”以及“Our teacher's only objective was to drill all that information and rote learning into us.”中的unhappily，faceless，drill，rote learning等词可以看出，学生们认为备考Leaving Cert是枯燥乏味的。故选A。 2．D　[解析]词义猜测题。根据画线单词下文but for the teenage me it was something quite new and surprising to hear an adult address us like this可知，这里是承上转折，画线单词与new and surprising意思相反。由此可知，画线词意为“平常的，普通的”，与D选项意思相近。故选D。 3．B　[解析]推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“What stayed with me was the image he used：he said our awareness would be like a flame in a dark cave.The brighter and larger the flame grew，the more of the cave we would see.”以及and of how much more space and opportunity was left for our flame to grow可知，老师在讲话中强调了对未知事物的探索。故选B。 4．C　[解析]推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“What stayed with me was the image he used：he said our awareness would be like a flame in a dark cave.The brighter and larger the flame grew，the more of the cave we would see.”可知，老师把用知识探索未知世界比喻为用光探测山洞，使用了比喻的修辞手法。因此老师通过使用修辞手法让学生理解了他的想法。故选C。 二、七选五阅读 There's no need to be ashamed about dozing off in class.It is actually a natural phenomenon.Studies have shown that people can only stay completely focused on something for a maximum of 10 minutes.1. Dozing off during an important activity or event on a regular basis can develop into a habit that you might carry into other areas of your life. Scientists have found that avoiding overeating before class is one of the most effective ways to beat class sleepiness.Most people have experienced “food coma(昏迷)” after eating a large meal.Eating too much results in a feeling of heaviness that uses up your energy.This happens because the body releases chemicals that signal drowsiness after eating.2. Carbohydrates(碳水化合物) release more serotonin(血清素) from the brain，which makes you feel good.3. Basically，not all foods have the same impact on your body.While some foods can increase your energy，others can make you sleepy.Also，tasking your body with digesting a large meal is exhausting.Eating large portions—especially of unhealthy foods—will leave your body with little energy to use elsewhere. 4． This gives your body the opportunity to digest smaller amounts of food at a time，leaving you feeling energized instead of tired after your meals. Also，avoid heavy foods and choose healthy，balanced meals instead.5. An example of a well­rounded breakfast to have before class would be a glass of milk，an egg and a salad containing at least three vegetables. A．Finally，it helps deliver oxygen to your vital organs. B.However，too much serotonin can lead to drowsiness. C.Unfortunately，most classes last longer than 10 minutes. D.Falling asleep in class can cause poor academic performance. E.A healthy meal should include fruit，vegetables and healthy fats. F.This is particularly true if you eat a meal that is high in carbohydrates. G.It is recommended that you keep a stable level of energy by eating smaller meals. [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章分析了上课打瞌睡的原因并给出了解决这一问题的建议。 1．C　[解析]空前的句子“Studies have shown that people can only stay completely focused on something for a maximum of 10 minutes.”是说人们完全专注于某件事的时间最多只有10分钟。而C项提到“大多数课程持续时间超过10分钟”。所以，C项和上文是顺承关系。故选C。 2．D　[解析]空前的句子“Eating too much results in a feeling of heaviness that uses up your energy.This happens because the body releases chemicals that signal drowsiness after eating.”提到吃得太多会耗尽你的能量，让你困倦，这当然会影响你的学习。所以D项和上文是因果关系，符合题意。故选D。 3．F　[解析]空前的句子“Carbohydrates release more serotonin from the brain，which makes you feel good.”提到碳水化合物的作用，它从大脑中释放更多的血清素让你感觉良好；F项中的“情况尤其如此”指的是上一句中的“让你感觉良好”。所以F项和上一句是顺承关系。故选F。 4．G　[解析]由空后的句子“This gives your body the opportunity to digest smaller amounts of food at a time，leaving you feeling energized instead of tired after your meals.”可知，空处的句子应该提到“少量食物”。所以G项符合题意。故选G。 5．E　[解析]由空前的句子“Also，avoid heavy foods and choose healthy，balanced meals instead.”提到“健康、均衡的膳食”，可知，空处的句子应该进一步说明什么样的饮食是健康、均衡的。所以E项符合题意。故选E。 三、完形填空 We live in a world increasingly dominated by science.Since elementary school，I have always 1 subjects like science and math.To me，these subjects，full of discoveries and 2 ，seem to play a more significant role in human progress than humanities.And I always 3 thought of these subjects as more solid and serious than classes like English.If there was no right 4 I thought，why bother？But recently I had an 5 that taught me my academic interests are more flexible than I had thought：I took my first philosophy class. Before I entered the classroom，I was 6 ．I waited outside with the other students and wondered what exactly philosophy would involve.I imagined getting into pretty long and boring conversations 7 intended to reflect on the meaning of life.But what I got was something quite 8 ． A young man in jeans，Mr.Jones—“but you can call me Rob”—was far from the white­haired，buttoned­up old man I had 9 ．Rather than pulling us into dull arguments about difficult­to­understand philosophical points，Rob 10 us on our level.To talk free will，we looked at our own obstacles.To talk morals，we looked at 11 we had faced ourselves.By the end of class，I'd discovered that questions with no right answer can turn out to be the most 12 ones. It 13 me that if I let go of my 14 ，I can actually get a lot out of the subjects I once thought little of.The class taught me—in more ways than one—to look at things with a(n) 15 mind. 1．A.chosen B．evaluated C．favored D．avoided 2．A.formulas B．puzzles C．challenges D．innovations 3．A.automatically B．consciously C．accurately D．impatiently 4．A.reason B．answer C．method D．direction 5．A.surprise B．experience C．incident D．adventure 6．A.hopeful B．confident C．doubtful D．nervous 7．A.jokingly B．mistakenly C．previously D．naturally 8．A.unique B．common C．different D．strange 9．A.mentioned B．expected C．encountered D．missed 10．A.engaged B．tested C．persuaded D．invited 11．A.choices B．abilities C．dilemmas D．doubts 12．A.objective B．effective C．encouraging D．appealing 13．A.confused B．struck C．warned D．convinced 14．A.pride B．concern C．assessment D．prejudice 15．A.open B．strong C．sharp D．ready [语篇解读]本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了作者通过自己的亲身经历意识到，像英语和哲学这样的人文学科比科学和数学这样的学科更加灵活。 1．C　[解析]根据下文“To me，these subjects，full of discoveries and 2 ，seem to play a more significant role in human progress than humanities.”可知，作者从小学开始一直就偏爱学习科学和数学等科目，因为作者觉得这些学科更重要。故选C。 2．D　[解析]根据空前的discoveries可知，作者觉得科学和数学等科目充满了发现和创新，对人类的进步起的作用更大。故选D。 3．A　[解析]根据上文“To me，these subjects ...human progress than humanities.”可知，作者一直认为科学和数学对人类的进步起的作用更大，这是作者的固有印象，所以自然而然地认为这些学科比英语等课程更扎实、更严肃。故选A。 4．B　[解析]根据下文“By the end of class，I'd discovered that questions with no right answer can turn out to be the most 12 ones.”可知，作者认为人文学科很多都没有正确答案。故选B。 5．B　[解析]根据下文“Before I entered the classroom，I was 6 ．I waited outside with the other students and wondered what exactly philosophy would involve.I imagined getting into pretty long and boring conversations 7 intended to reflect on the meaning of life.But what I got was something quite 8 ．”可知，接下来讲述的是作者的经历，也就是说作者从这次上哲学课的经历中有了新的感悟。故选B。 6．C　[解析]根据下文“I waited outside with the other students and wondered what exactly philosophy would involve.”可知，作者第一次上哲学课，对这门学科充满了疑惑，不知道哲学到底涉及什么问题。故选C。 7．D　[解析]根据上文“And I always 3 thought of these subjects as more solid and serious than classes like English.”可知，作者固有的思维就是，人文学科很多都没有正确答案。所以作者认为哲学课的对话会无聊，然后自然的就是反思生活的意义。故选D。 8．C　[解析]根据转折连词But以及下文“By the end of class，I'd discovered that questions with no right answer can turn out to be the most 12 ones.”可知，作者上完课后感觉哲学课和他想象的不一样，作者之前认为哲学课很枯燥，但是实际上很有趣。故选C。 9．B　[解析]根据上文“A young man in jeans ...buttoned­up old man”可知，作者认为上哲学课的老师是一个沉默寡言的白发老人，但实际上是一个穿着牛仔裤的年轻人，所以这和他期待的不一样。故选B。 10．A　[解析]根据上文Rather than pulling us into dull arguments about difficult­to­understand philosophical points可知，老师并没有让学生卷入对难以理解的哲学观点的无聊争论，而是站在学生们的角度上吸引他们的兴趣。故选A。 11．C　[解析]根据上文“To talk free will，we looked at our own obstacles.”可知，学生们在讨论自由意志时，看到了自己的障碍，同样，在讨论道德时，看到了自己的困境。故选C。 12．D　[解析]根据上文“If there was no right 4 I thought，why bother？But recently I had an 5 that taught me my academic interests are more flexible than I had thought：I took my first philosophy class.”可知，作者以前认为，没有答案是没有意义的，是枯燥的，而现在却发现没有正确答案的问题才可能是最吸引人的。故选D。 13．B　[解析]根据空后I can actually get a lot out of the subjects I once thought little of可知，作者上完哲学课后突然意识到自己能够从以前不在意的科目中学到很多。“It strikes/struck sb.that ...”表示“某人突然想到……”。故选B。 14．D　[解析]根据上文“And I always 3 thought of these subjects as more solid and serious than classes like English.If there was no right 4 I thought，why bother？”可知，作者对这些人文学科是有偏见的。故选D。 15．A　[解析]根据上文“It 13 me that if I let go of my 14 ，I can actually get a lot out of the subjects I once thought little of.”可知，作者意识到，对那些人文学科不能带有偏见，思想要开放。故选A。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$