课时作业(十二) 必修第三册 Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world（Word练习）-【优化指导】2026年高考英语一轮复习高中总复习·第1轮（译林版）

课时作业(十二)　必修第三册　Unit 4　Scientists who changed the world 一、阅读理解 A (2025·河北沧州模拟)It was a common schedule for Andrew Chi­Chih Yao.First he gave a lesson in the morning to the Pilot Computer Science class.With two foreign scholars，he conducted a seminar at 2：00 that afternoon for graduate students.Afterward，Professor Yao exchanged ideas with the visiting Minister of Education and the Minister of Technology，on the development of world­class disciplines in China's universities.By late that afternoon，Professor Yao was ready to turn to his own research.It was just a very common day for Tsinghua University's Professor Yao. Professor Yao，a world­renowned computer scientist，received the A．M.Turing Award in 2000 for his fundamental contributions to the theory of computation.He once worked at such universities as MIT，Stanford，UC Berkeley，and Princeton.He left Princeton in 2004 to become a Tsinghua University Professor of Computer Science. Professor Yao had a life changing experience when he met Chinese Computer Science scholars in 2002 at an academic meeting in Shanghai.Some Tsinghua graduate students happened to attend his lectures in Shanghai.He made a very big impact on them.The following year，Professor Yao accepted an invitation from Tsinghua University to help build the Chair Professor Group of the Department of Computer Science and Technology.In 2004，Yao formally joined Tsinghua University's Center for Advanced Studies as Full Professor. Professor Yao's appearance fills a major gap in theoretical computer science research in China.As a result of Professor Yao's efforts to build a world class presence computer science，Tsinghua now is able to attract leading students，scholars，and conferences in core computer science specialties.Professor Yao has also made strategic steps to strengthen Tsinghua's computer science and technology undergraduate education.Professor Yao's theoretical courses help strengthen the students' knowledge in computer theory.It is the first time for a Chinese university to offer such courses. Professor Yao is trying hard to move China's efforts in computer science and technology toward world class standards.“If we follow the right path，Tsinghua's efforts in computer science will lead to great scientific breakthroughs in the coming several years，” Professor Yao confidently concludes. 1．What is the function of the first paragraph? A.To introduce the theme of the whole passage. B．To imply Professor Yao is devoted to work. C.To show extreme respect for Professor Yao. D.To tell readers more about Tsinghua University. 2．What happened before Professor Yao left Princeton? A．He served at three universities at the same time. B．He was interviewed by Tsinghua graduate students. C.He applied for a full­time job to Tsinghua University. D．He got a very invitation from Tsinghua University. 3．What is the main contribution of Professor Yao? A．He has made great efforts to open computer science major. B．He has helped start theoretical computer science research. C.He has done research in core computer science specialties. D.He has attracted more leading students from the world. 4．What does the text mainly talk about? A.Professor Yao is the founder of computer science in China. B.Professor Yao helps develop China's computer science. C.Professor Yao has contributed to the development of China. D.Professor Yao has made great breakthroughs in science. [语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了世界著名计算机科学家姚期智努力帮助我国发展计算机科学的事迹。 1．B　[解析]推理判断题。根据第一段内容可知，第一段的作用是要说明姚教授全心投入工作。故选B。 2．D　[解析]细节理解题。根据第二段中的“He left Princeton in 2004 to become a Tsinghua University Professor of Computer Science.”和第三段内容可知，姚教授离开普林斯顿大学之前收到了清华大学的邀请。故选D。 3．B　[解析]细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Professor Yao's appearance fills a major gap in theoretical computer science research in China.”可知，姚教授的主要贡献是填补了我国计算机科学理论研究的一大空白。故选B。 4．B　[解析]主旨大意题。通读全文，根据最后一段中的“Professor Yao is trying hard to move China's efforts in computer science and technology toward world class standards.”可知，本文主要讲述了姚教授努力帮助中国发展计算机科学的事迹。故选B。 B Scientists at MIT have managed to change ordinary spinach(菠菜) plants into natural sensors which can find chemicals used in bombs.The secret to giving spinach these special powers is nanotech(纳米技术)，which is a scientific area that deals with making or changing things that are extremely tiny. “Ordinary spinach plants can be found everywhere and easy to store；like other plants，they normally take in carbon dioxide gas，” the scientists say.“But actually they can sense small changes of soil and water potential and respond to them.If we tap into this point，there is a wealth of information to access.” That's what the scientists use to power their tiny experiments. For this experiment，the scientists placed two different kinds of tiny nano­materials into spinach plants.To get them into the plants，the scientists put a liquid containing them on the bottom of the plant's leaves.As part of its natural process，the spinach plant pulls water through its roots and into its leaves.If the water contains certain chemicals used in bombs，the tiny sensors in the leaves make the nano­tubes，which，along with the sensors，were placed into the spinach plant before by the scientists，produce a slightly special kind of light.By watching the plant constantly using a camera attached to a cheap computer，the scientists set up a system that can send a warning email if chemicals from explosives are found in the water. The computer the scientists used is about the size of a playing card.They say that in the future，their system could even use a cell phone with its camera changed slightly.Discovering chemicals used in bombs is just one of the many uses the researchers are exploring.They have used such plants to discover several other dangerous chemicals as well.From their point of view，there's no doubt that in the future，such systems could give farmers specific information about the health of the land and water on their farms. 5．Why do the scientists use plants to do the experiment? A．They are common in the daily life. B．They are environmentally responsive. C．They absorb much carbon dioxide gas. D．They are small in size and easy to store. 6．What's the function of the carbon nano­tubes placed into spinach plants? A．To control the camera. B．To contain the liquid. C．To fix the tiny sensors. D．To give off plant light. 7．What can we say about the application of the experiment? A．It's diverse. B．It's unexpected. C．It's limited. D．It's cheap. 8．What's the suitable title for the text? A．Spinach Is Sensitive to Chemicals in Bombs B.Spinach Sends Warning Emails Using Nanotech C．Nanotech Helps Spinach Grow Healthily D．Nanotech Protects Spinach from Danger [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了麻省理工学院的科学家们使用纳米技术将菠菜变成了天然传感器，可以在水中发现爆炸物中的化学物质，并发送警告电子邮件。 5．B　[解析]细节理解题。根据第二段中的“‘But actually they can sense small changes of soil and water potential and respond to them.If we tap into this point，there is a wealth of information to access.’ That's what the scientists use to power their tiny experiments.(‘但实际上，它们可以感知土壤和水势的微小变化并作出反应。如果我们深入了解这一点，就会获取丰富的信息。’这就是科学家们用来为他们的微小实验提供动力的东西。)”可知，科学家们使用植物做实验是因为它们可以感知环境的微小变化，对环境作出反应。故选B。 6．D　[解析]细节理解题。根据第三段中的“If the water contains certain chemicals used in bombs，the tiny sensors in the leaves make the nano­tubes，which，along with the sensors，were placed into the spinach plant before by the scientists，produce a slightly special kind of light.(如果水中含有炸弹中使用的某些化学物质，那么叶子中的微小传感器就会使得碳纳米管和之前被科学家放入菠菜中的传感器产生一种稍微特殊的光。)”可知，科学家将碳纳米管放入菠菜中，如果水中含有炸弹中使用的某些化学物质，植物就会发出特殊的光。故选D。 7．A　[解析]推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Discovering chemicals used in bombs is just one of the many uses the researchers are exploring.They have used such plants to discover several other dangerous chemicals as well.From their point of view，there's no doubt that in the future，such systems could give farmers specific information about the health of the land and water on their farms.(发现炸弹中使用的化学物质只是研究人员正在探索的众多用途之一。他们还利用这些植物发现了其他几种危险的化学物质。从他们的角度来看，毫无疑问，在未来，这样的系统可以为农民提供有关农场土地和水健康的具体信息。)”可知，这一实验可应用的范围非常广，是多种多样的。故选A。 8．B　[解析]标题概括题。根据第一段中的“Scientists at MIT have managed to change ordinary spinach plants into natural sensors which can find chemicals used in bombs.(麻省理工学院的科学家们成功地将普通的菠菜植物变成了天然传感器，可以找到炸弹中使用的化学物质。)”以及第三段中的“By watching the plant constantly using a camera attached to a cheap computer，the scientists set up a system that can send a warning email if chemicals from explosives are found in the water.(通过不断使用连接在廉价电脑上的摄像头观察植物，科学家们建立了一个系统，如果在水中发现爆炸物中的化学物质，该系统可以发送警告电子邮件。)”可知，本文主要介绍了科学家使用纳米技术将菠菜变成了天然传感器，可以在水中发现爆炸物中的化学物质，并发送警告电子邮件，所以“菠菜使用纳米技术发送警告电子邮件”可以作为文章标题。故选B。 二、完形填空 Long ago，in a village lived a wise old man.All the villagers were unhappy because they thought their neighbours had better lives，so day and night the 1 townsfolk would burst into the old man's house for endless 2 about their fortune. Early one brisk autumn morning，the old man posted a huge sign in the village square that 3 ：ALL CITIZENS WILL GATHER HERE AT NOON.BRING A BIG GREEN PICKLE(泡菜). At twelve sharp all the villagers gathered in the square with a big，green pickle.The old man said，“I want you all to put your pickle down by your feet！” The crowd became 4 ．After considerable 5 and complaining，the villagers did as the old man said. Then the old man spoke once again，“Imagine that everything you are—your wisdom and your 6 ，your blessings and your misfortune，your 7 and your weaknesses—is in your pickle.If you don't like your pickle，no big deal. 8 someone else's.Go ahead and choose.” With that 9 ，all the villagers now had the overwhelming 10 of deciding whose pickle they wanted.The baker's eye 11 fell on the schoolteacher's pickle.The schoolteacher's eye 12 over to the tailor's.Every eye 13 every pickle in town.However，when it was over，the townspeople—every single one of them—had 14 their very own pickles. Since that day，whenever a villager approached the old man to complain，he would simply say，“It's your 15 ；you picked it.” 1．A.boring B．noisy C．nervous D．envious 2．A.complaints B．quarrels C．discussions D．suggestions 3．A.wrote B．read C．noted D．displayed 4．A.excited B．awkward C．silent D．restless 5．A.approving B．attempting C．doubting D．reviewing 6．A.foolishness B．intelligence C．courage D．inspiration 7．A.shortcomings B．talents C．confidence D．wealth 8．A.Pick B．Admire C．Post D．Value 9．A.assistance B．command C．announcement D．promise 10．A.profit B．task C．method D．fear 11．A.gradually B．constantly C．immediately D．casually 12．A.circled B．passed C．pulled D．shot 13．A.examined B．marked C．competed D．labeled 14．A.put away B．taken back C．missed out D．set aside 15．A.fortune B．choice C．pickle D．lesson [语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了村民们因为认为他们的邻居过得更好而不开心，村里一位睿智的老人用选泡菜的方法使村民们不再心生怨恨。 1．D　[解析]句意：所有的村民都不高兴，因为他们认为邻居的生活比他们好，所以嫉妒的村民日夜冲进老人的房子，没完没了地抱怨他们的命运。A.boring令人厌烦的；B.noisy嘈杂的；C.nervous紧张的；D.envious嫉妒的。根据上文All the villagers were unhappy because they thought their neighbours had better lives可知，村民们因为认为他们的邻居过得更好而不开心，因此他们会产生嫉妒的心理。故选D。 2．A　[解析]句意见上题解析。A.complaints抱怨；B.quarrels争吵；C.discussions讨论；D.suggestions建议。根据下文whenever a villager approached the old man to complain可知，后来还是有村民向老人抱怨，此处呼应下文，表示村民没完没了地向老人抱怨他们的命运。故选A。 3．B　[解析]句意：一个秋高气爽的清晨，老人在村广场上张贴了一个巨大的告示，上面写着：全体村民中午在此集合。带一个大的绿色泡菜。A.wrote写；B.read (指示牌、信息上)写着；C.noted注意到；D.displayed展示。根据上文a huge sign和下文“ALL CITIZENS WILL GATHER HERE AT NOON.BRING A BIG GREEN PICKLE.”可推知，read“(指示牌、信息上)写着”侧重物显示内容，句中表示告示上写着具体的内容，write侧重人发出的动作，不符合语境。故选B。 4．D　[解析]句意：人群变得焦躁不安起来。A.excited兴奋的；B.awkward尴尬的；C.silent沉默的；D.restless不安的。根据下文“After considerable 5 and complaining”可知，在听到老人的话之后，村民们抱怨了一番，因此应该是变得焦躁不安。故选D。 5．C　[解析]句意：经过一番怀疑和抱怨，村民们照老人说的做了。A.approving批准；B.attempting尝试；C.doubting怀疑；D.reviewing回顾。根据下文and complaining可知，村民们在抱怨，空处和complaining是并列的关系，doubting“怀疑”符合语境，表示他们怀疑和抱怨。故选C。 6．A　[解析]句意：想象一下，你的一切——你的智慧和愚蠢，你的幸运和不幸，你的才能和短处——都在你的泡菜中。A.foolishness愚蠢；B.intelligence智力；C.courage勇气；D.inspiration灵感。根据下文your blessings and your misfortune可知，老人让村民们想象的都是相互对立的事物，例如幸运和不幸，因此应用wisdom“智慧”的反义表达foolishness“愚蠢”。故选A。 7．B　[解析]句意见上题解析。A.shortcomings缺点；B.talents才能；C.confidence信心；D.wealth财富。根据上文your blessings and your misfortune可知，老人让村民们想象的都是相互对立的事物，例如幸运和不幸，因此应用weaknesses“短处”的反义表达talents“才能”。故选B。 8．A　[解析]句意：选择别人的。A.Pick选择；B.Admire钦佩；C.Post发帖子；D.Value珍视。根据下文“Go ahead and choose.”可知，老人让村民们去选，因此应该是选择别人的。故选A。 9．C　[解析]句意：有了这则宣告，所有的村民现在都面临着一项艰巨的任务，那就是决定他们想要谁的泡菜。A.assistance协助；B.command命令；C.announcement宣告；D.promise承诺。根据上文老人让村民们想象泡菜里有自己的一切事物，如果不满意，就去选别人的可知，此处指老人的宣告。故选C。 10．B　[解析]句意见上题解析。A.profit利润；B.task任务；C.method方法；D.fear恐惧。根据上文“Go ahead and choose.”可知，老人布置了一个任务。故选B。 11．C　[解析]句意：面包师的目光立刻落在了学校老师的泡菜上。A.gradually逐渐；B.constantly不断；C.immediately立即；D.casually随意地。根据上文All the villagers were unhappy because they thought their neighbours had better lives可知，村民们因为认为他们的邻居过得更好而不开心，因此在这种可以选别人的泡菜，选别人拥有的事物的时候，应该会立即看向别人的泡菜。故选C。 12．D　[解析]句意：老师的目光转向裁缝的(泡菜)。A.circled圈出；B.passed通过；C.pulled拉，拽；D.shot转向。根据上文eye和下文over to the tailor's可推知，shot“转向”符合语境，表示目光转向裁缝的泡菜。故选D。 13．A　[解析]句意：每只眼睛都检查了镇上的每一个泡菜。A.examined检查；B.marked标记；C.competed竞争；D.labeled标记。根据上文deciding whose pickle they wanted可知，村民们要决定自己要哪个泡菜，因此他们应该会认真看别人的泡菜，检查那些泡菜。故选A。 14．B　[解析]句意：然而，结束时，镇上的人——他们每一个人——都把自己的泡菜拿了回来。A.put away收起，放好；B.taken back收回；C.missed out错过；D.set aside搁置，暂时不考虑。根据上文However可知，此处语义有转折，虽然村民们看向别人的泡菜，但最终还是选的自己的泡菜，因此是收回自己的泡菜。故选B。 15．C　[解析]句意：这是你的泡菜；是你挑的。A.fortune财富；B.choice选择；C.pickle泡菜；D.lesson课。根据下文you picked it可知，老人对村民说这是“你”挑的，此处是it所指的对象，应该是pickle“泡菜”，以此比喻村民自己的生活。故选C。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$