专题05阅读理解说明文（下）-2025年全国名校、联考英语试卷好题精选分类详解

专题04阅读理解说明文（下） 目录 （一）（2025届江苏省苏州市八校联考） （二）（2025届湖北省恩施高中、夷陵中学、郧阳中学联考） （三）（2025届江苏省部分高中联考） （四）（2025届安徽省名校联考） （五）（2025届江西省上进联考） （六）（2025届河南省TOP20名校猜题大联考） （七）（2025届江西省华大新高考联盟） （八）（2025届福建省名校联盟） （九）（福建省泉州市四校联考） （一）（2025届江苏省苏州市八校联考） I’m in a meeting when my phone starts to flash with notifications. While the meeting is important, I’m distracted and want to pick up the phone to find out more. Is it a new job announcement from a friend? Something terrible has happened? Every second I’m not sending a message, I’m being a bad friend. I become anxious, and I’m praying the meeting ends sooner. It is the emotional rollercoaster ride of being a modern group chat member, and I’m not alone in these feelings. Research conducted by Three found 50% of British adults struggle to keep up with the speed of these virtual conversations and feel pressured. But why exactly does this occur? “When I’m busy and see a ton of messages coming through, I get stressed that I’m missing something big,” says Jasmine, 31. “Not participating in a group chat can also be overwhelming because then you’ve got loads to catch up on and it’s turned from reading just one or two messages to a short story.” Besides being overwhelming, there’s a lack of real connection, too. “Group chats can make us feel like we’re surrounded by people, yet still somehow on the outside,” says psychotherapist Abby Rawlinson. “If everyone is chatting and you’re not part of the flow — or your message gets no replies — it can awaken the quiet ache of invisibility.” For Madhura, 31, this has felt particularly exasperating at times. “I find messaging in group chats can make you feel like you’re not quite on the same page. Group chats can turn friendly jokes into hurtful messages. A group chat may be used to gossip about a friend who’s not there. Leaving a group chat can also feel like you’re creating an opportunity for those who are left to gossip about you,” Madhura says. “Texting is such a ‘thin’ form of communication. In person, you have tone of voice, facial expressions, and eye contact — all the rich human signals that help us interpret meaning. On a screen, you just get the words themselves,” Rawlinson explains. “So don’t fall into a pit of self-criticism when a message goes without a reply. Group chats can’t truly measure your friendships. They’re just a tool to stay connected.” 32．What is becoming a common phenomenon? A．Group chats block in-depth talks. B．Group chats break up friendships. C．Group chats bring negative emotions. D．Group chats disturb the work-life balance. 33．What mainly troubles Jasmine about group chats? A．Privacy concerns. B．Information overload. C．Sense of isolation. D．Fear of misunderstanding. 34．What does the underlined word “exasperating” in paragraph 5 probably mean? A．Annoying. B．Frightening. C．Inspiring. D．Amusing. 35．What does Rawlinson suggest people do? A．Reduce group chat usage. B．Learn new communication skills. C．Treat group chats properly. D．Focus on face-to-face conversations. （二）（2025届湖北省恩施高中、夷陵中学、郧阳中学联考） It’s like watching a rerun while you’re sleeping: Once again, you show up for a class not knowing there’s a test, or lose control of your car while driving, or get chased by a shadowy figure. Recurring dreams have a way of popping up again and again. Research has found that most recurring dreams have a negative tone with themes often related to helplessness, failure, or being chased. But sometimes they can have positive themes, such as discovering a new room in your home or excelling at an activity like skiing. Sometimes these recurring dream themes may feel random. Other times they may relate to an experience from your past or to something that’s currently worrying you. Research has found that people who feel ineffective in their lives and disconnected from others are more likely to experience negative recurring dreams. “These dreams often correlate with periods of heightened stress or significant life changes, suggesting that they may serve as indicators of underlying anxiety,” says Deirdre Barrett, a dream researcher at Harvard Medical School. The content of the recurring dream can affect how you feel. Positive recurring dreams can leave you feeling inspired, hopeful or delighted. Meanwhile, recurring dreams that are upsetting can leave you with an emotional hangover the next day. “Recurring negative dreams can cause significant emotional distress, leading to feelings of fear, anxiety, or helplessness upon waking,” Barrett says, “This emotional remains can linger throughout the day, affecting mood and mental focus.” If these distressing dreams occur frequently, these patterns can even lead you to dread going to sleep, which can interfere with your overall sleep quality. Fortunately, if negative recurring dreams persist, experts say a technique called imagery rehearsal therapy (IRT) can help. With IRT, the basic idea is to select an upsetting dream, visualize the dream while you’re awake, change the narrative or outcome in some way, then rehearse the new dream in your mind during the day. “Change it however feels right to you,” Brette says. “You might change everything or a small detail or the ending. This has an empowering effect on people during the day and allows you to have some control over what happens in your dreams.” 32．What’s the purpose of paragraph One? A．To give a negative tone to dreams. B．To direct focus to recurring dreams. C．To describe different scary dreams. D．To imply dislike for repeated dreams. 33．Who is more likely to experience negative recurring dreams? A．A motivated student. B．A dominant manager. C．A demanding teacher. D．An isolated researcher. 34．Which can be used to describe the effects of negative recurring dreams? A．Life-changing. B．Wide-spreading. C．Long-lasting. D．Mind-blowing. 35．What suggestion is given to handle negative recurring dreams? A．Asking professional therapist for help. B．Controlling the outcome of the dreams. C．Visualizing the scenes of the dreams. D．Intervening in the dreams during the day. （三）（2025届江苏省部分高中联考） What is the likelihood of you having someone who looks just like you? Would it be a good thing? And if you did have one, would you want to meet them? Consider how often your facial features are used to identify you. Your passport, ID card and driving licence all bare your face. To enter your workplace, you likely need to be recognizable. You may need your face to unlock your smartphone and possibly need it to exclude you from being present at a crime scene. The word “doppelganger” refers to a person who looks the same as you, essentially sharing your features, those that you thought were unique to you and your identity. Not an identical twin, as a doppelganger has no relation to you. The idea originated in German folklore. A doppelganger was said to be a spirit-double that could replicate every human and animal on the earth. So, let’s get real. What are the chances of you having one in the first place? There is said to be one in 135 chance of an absolute dead ringer for you existing somewhere in the world, so the chances are pretty low, despite folk wisdom promising you otherwise. And the chances of meeting? The mathematical certainty of finding this particular person is supposedly less than one in a trillion! That said, these statistics may be a good thing. Historically, having a double hasn’t always been a positive. Back in 1999, an innocent American man, indistinguishable from the real criminal, was sent to prison for robbery, where he stayed for 19 years. In the end, it turned out to be a case of mistaken identity. In a different case, a woman in New York was accused of trying to poison her doppelganger with deadly cheesecake so that she could steal her identity. 24．What is the main idea of Paragraph 2? A．Overuse of identity information. B．Leakage of identity information. C．Wide application of facial features. D．Misuse of personal information. 25．What does the underlined word “replicate” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Copy. B．Identify. C．Motivate. D．Recognize. 26．What does the author intend to do in Paragraph 4? A．Proving a theory. B．Contradicting a belief. C．Listing statistics. D．Raising a question. 27．How does the author clarify the negative influence of “doppelganger”? A．By interpreting data. B．By citing criminals. C．By studying possibility. D．By giving examples. （四）（2025届安徽省名校联考） Some great apes (猿) realize when a human partner doesn’t know something and are capable of communicating information to him to change his behavior, a new study shows. Researchers from Johns Hopkins University studying a species of apes, bonobos, found that they would point to where treats were hidden if they saw their human partner didn’t know where they were. Working with three male bonobos, study co-author Luke Townrow would sit across a table from one of the animals as another person placed a treat under one of three cups. In some cases, Townrow would be allowed to see which cup the treat was under, and the bonobo would wait for him to pass it the food. At other times, he would not be able to see where the treat was, and the bonobo would point to the right cup to help him find the food. The seemingly simple experiment demonstrated for the first time that apes will communicate unknown information in the name of teamwork. Chris Krupenye, another co-author, said that the study “is one of the clearest pieces of evidence that a non-human primate (灵长类动物) understands when someone else is ignorant.” This ability to discover gaps in others’ knowledge is known as theory of mind. “As humans, we have theory of mind,” Krupenye said. “It’s a key feature of human psychology,” he added, explaining that it allows us to cooperate with each other and teach people things that we understand they do not know. Theory of mind has previously been considered unique to humans, but the study shows that bonobos share this capability. “The evidence we have is a good indication that they do have theory of mind,” said Krupenye. The team plans to explore the bonobos’ motivations for sharing information and the way that they think about other individuals’ minds. “What we’ve shown here is that apes will communicate with a partner to change their behavior,” Townrow said, “but a key open question for further research is whether apes are also pointing to change their partner’s mental state or their beliefs.” 12．What can be learned about the experiment? A．The number of cups wasn’t fixed. B．The bonobos fixed their attention on the treat. C．The researchers guided the bonobos to find the treat. D．The bonobos got rewards for sharing information with the researchers. 13．Which of the following can be defined as “theory of mind”? A．Completing complex tasks. B．Understanding others’ views. C．Hiding one’s true feelings. D．Communicating with animals. 14．What is the next target for the researchers in their study? A．The bonobos’ motivations to find the treat. B．The bonobos’ method of delivering messages. C．The bonobos’ way of perceiving others’ minds. D．The bonobos’ differences from humans. 15．What can be the best title for the text? A．Apes Can Recognize Ignorance in Humans B．Bonobos Have Mastered Teamwork in the Wild C．Primates Can Be Taught to Read Human Minds D．Apes Prove Themselves to Be Better Partners （五）（2025届江西省上进联考） In a recent study, Keren Papier at the University of Oxford and her colleagues used 16 years of data on more than 540,000 women in the UK. The researchers found that every additional 300 milligrams of calcium (钙) per day was associated with a 17 per cent reduction in risk. “This is the most comprehensive single study ever conducted into the relationship between diet and colorectal cancer (结直肠癌), and it highlights the potential protective role of dairy products, largely due to calcium, in the development of colorectal cancer,” says Papier. Papier’s study agrees with another recent paper that followed more than 470,000 adults for over 20 years. This similarly found an association between reduced colorectal cancer risk and higher calcium consumption. A third study, led by Shuji Ogino in Boston, adds to the evidence, but turns the spotlight away from calcium. His team followed some 87,000 women for 40 years and 45,000 men for 30 years. At least two servings of plain yogurt a week, which contained Bifidobacterium bacteria (双歧杆菌), was linked to a 20 per cent lower rate of colorectal cancer. When it comes to calcium pills, a 2018 report for Cancer Research suggests that they decrease the risk of colorectal cancer, but another study found that they may increase the risk of diseases that may lead to the condition. Given the widespread use of these pills, further research is needed, says Papier.The benefits of Bifidobacterium bacteria are also unknown, says Ogino. To him, these studies illustrate the complex connection between our diet and cancer risk, with there being no shortcut to health. “If people try to go to a supermarket and buy more plain yogurt, then that’s good, but if they just stop in a day or two, there is no effect.” People should try to follow all the cancer prevention advice such as being active and not smoking, and “not focus on the potential benefits of one food or one nutrient”, says Mathers, a health expert. 12．What did Keren Papier’s study find? A．Calcium from dairy products can cure cancer. B．More calcium leads to better colorectal cancer fighting. C．The daily consumption of 300 mg of calcium is necessary. D．Extra calcium consumption is linked to a lower colorectal cancer risk. 13．What is the key difference between Papier’s and Ogino’s studies? A．Study focus. B．Study duration. C．Research method. D．Participants’ gender. 14．What is the best way to prevent cancer according to Mathers? A．Follow experts’ guidelines. B．Focus on food and nutrient. C．Take all factors into account. D．Emphasize the involvement in sports. 15．What would be the best title for this passage? A．Yogurt vs. Calcium: Which One Works Better? B．Calcium Pills: Their Role in Cancer Prevention C．Colorectal Cancer Risk: How to Reduce It Effectively? D．Diet Choices: Their Impact on Colorectal Cancer Prevention （六）（2025届河南省TOP20名校猜题大联考） The places inhabited by many species are shifting due to climate change, and these species are mostly tracked by formal monitoring plans and surveys. However, these traditional methods may struggle to spot rapid changes, and sometimes overlook urban areas. A new study led by the University of Exeter examined posts about Jersey tiger moths on main social media. The posts reveal that the moths are unexpectedly common in towns and cities. The findings demonstrate how social media can help scientists track animal species as they relocate in response to climate change. “Wildlife surveys tend to be done in rural areas, so their information doesn’t always reflect the vital importance of towns and cities,” said Nile Stephenson, who led the study. Urban parks and gardens provide diverse habitats where species like the Jersey tiger moth can grow well. By accounting for biases (偏差) and gaps in the data, researchers have developed a method that could be widely used to track many species — especially those that share urban environments. “Our study shows that plenty of people in towns and cities are interested in wildlife, which has the potential to increase connectedness to nature,” said Stephenson, now at the University of Cambridge. “We also found some people who are very interested in wildlife and photography tend to post images of a wide range of wildlife they see. This provides a database that scientists can use.” Stephenson said the public can also help by posting in places such as iNaturalist and iRecord, as information from these is already used in research. The team highlighted limitations of using social media, saying it can only be used to complement — not replace — traditional monitoring. “Because social media is so subject to trends, we would expect to see bias, such as more sightings of species that are being widely talked about,” said Stephenson. “However, we can turn that into a positive. For example, we could improve monitoring of invasive (入侵的) species by making trends around recording sightings.” 12．What can be learned about traditional animal species monitoring? A．It has some limitations. B．It isn’t backed by science. C．It is only used in rural areas. D．It proves complicated to carry out. 13．What does the study find? A．Most online animal images are unreliable. B．Urban environments are unsuitable for animals. C．Wildlife appeals to many people in urban areas. D．Diverse habitats in the wild are under protection. 14．What does Stephenson stress in the last paragraph? A．It’s tough to monitor invasive species. B．Social media should be properly used. C．Traditional monitoring is irreplaceable. D．He is opposed to employing social media. 15．What is the main idea of the text? A．Traditional wildlife monitoring has fallen out of date. B．The impact of climate change on wildlife is enormous. C．Urban areas play a crucial role in wildlife conservation. D．Social media can help track species as climate changes. （七）（2025届江西省华大新高考联盟） Much has been discussed about how modern lifestyles lead to insufficient sleep, unlike our ancestors who lived in simpler times. However, an analysis of 54 global sleep studies reveals that individuals in small, non-industrial societies actually sleep less than those in more industrialized regions. “Everyone I speak to in Canada and the US complains about poor sleep,” says Leela McKinnon from the University of Toronto Mississauga. “But the data doesn’t support that. ” It is commonly believed that the rise of devices like smartphones has resulted in reduced sleep — often referred to as a sleep-loss epidemic. Yet, many studies reporting a decline in sleep duration rely on self-reported data, which is an unreliable measure. Research using more reliable methods, such as activity monitors or brainwave tracking, has not indicated a decrease in sleep over recent decades. For instance, a 2016 review of 168 studies found no significant drop in sleep duration over the past 50 years. However, these studies primarily focused on industrialized nations, leaving the question of whether sleep patterns were different before industrialization unanswered. The availability of wrist-based activity monitors made it easier to study sleep in non-industrial societies. Such studies have revealed short sleep durations. For instance, among hunter-gatherers, the San peoples in southern Africa sleep for 6.7 hours a night on average. McKinnon and her colleague David Samson, also from the University of Toronto Mississauga, have participated in several relevant studies. They compared sleep habits in industrialized nations — like the US and Australia — with those in smaller, non-industrial communities, including local groups in the Amazon, Madagascar, and Tanna Island in the Pacific. Their analysis, the most comprehensive to date, involved direct measurements of sleep in 866participants aged 18 and older with no serious health issues. They discovered that individuals in non-industrial societies averaged 6. 4 hours of sleep, while those in industrial societies averaged 7. 1 hours. Additionally, people in non-industrial societies were asleep for 74% of their time in bed, compared to 88%in industrialized areas, a concept known as sleep efficiency. Samson believes that people in industrialized societies sleep longer and better because their environment is more suitable for sleep. “We see that we’ve made some real gains in the safety and security of our sleep sites,” he says. “We no longer need to worry about rival groups or predators at night.” 12．What does Leela McKinnon think of sleep complaints? A．They are unique to Canada. B．They are supported by data. C．They are overstated by people. D．They are caused by smartphones. 13．Why do people in industrial societies sleep better? A．They sleep less but feel better. B．Their sleep technology is advanced. C．They are more used to short sleep. D．Their sleep environments are safer. 14．What is the passage mainly about? A．Non-industrial societies sleep better. B．Technology greatly reduces sleep time. C．Industrialization worsens sleep quality. D．Research challenges beliefs about sleep. 15．Where is this passage most likely from? A．A health guide. B．A history book. C．A science journal. D．A travel magazine. （八）（2025届福建省名校联盟） It’s probably not surprising that a new study has linked added sugar consumption to an increased risk of heart disease, but a less expected discovery is that those who have an occasional sweet treat appear to be at a reduced risk of cardiovascular (心血管的) problems. Eating a cake, or chocolate bar every so often may be better for your heart than a “zero-sugar” diet, according to the research team from Lund University in Sweden. However, this relationship doesn’t hold for other types of sugar consumption, like fizzy drinks and sugary toppings. The researchers looked at records of 69,705 people in Swedish public health databases. The participants, aged between 45 and 83, were quizzed on their diet and lifestyle in 1997 and 2009, then tracked up to 2019. “The most striking finding is the varying relationship between different sources of added sugar and cardiovascular disease risk,” says epidemiologist Suzanne Janzi. “This surprising contrast highlights the importance of considering not just the amount of sugar consumed, but its source and context.” According to the study, sugar intake was grouped into three categories: sugary toppings, sweet treats, and sweetened beverages (饮料) . Type of added sugar consumed was then cross-referenced against seven types of cardiovascular diseases, with several other risk factors like smoking taken into account. Research findings also indicated the lowest risks across all cardiovascular diseases were found in those who limited themselves to sweet treats every now and again. There’s a lot to consider when it comes to the different ways we get our sugar. “Liquid sugars, found in sweetened beverages, typically make you feel less full than solid forms, potentially leading to overconsumption,” says Janzi. “Context also matters — treats are often enjoyed in social settings or special occasions.” Bear in mind that these findings suggest relationships, rather than proving cause and effect. They also don’t factor in other health consequences — like damage to teeth. The researchers suggest future studies could look in more detail at associations between sugar, heart disease, and obesity, for example. “While our observational study cannot establish causation, it suggests that extremely low sugar intake may not be necessary or beneficial for cardiovascular health,” says Janzi. 8．What does the underlined phrase “hold for” in paragraph 2 refer to? A．Differ from. B．Lead to. C．Apply to. D．Originate from. 9．Which type of added sugar contributes least to cardiovascular diseases? A．Sugary toppings. B．Sweet treats. C．Solid sugars. D．Sweetened beverages. 10．What may Janzi agree with according to the last two paragraphs? A．The context of sugar consumption counts. B．Tooth damage mainly arises from sugar intake. C．Extremely low sugar intake is always necessary. D．Liquid sugars usually creates a feeling of fullness. 11．What is the best title of the text? A．Sugar Intake: Be to Blame for Obesity B．Cardiovascular Health: Cause and Effect C．Hidden Killers: Sugary Drinks and Toppings D．Occasional Sweet Treats: Better for Your Heart （九）（福建省泉州市四校联考） A technician conducts a road test on a self-driving vehicle in Wuhan, Hubei province, on July 4. When Wu Zhenpeng, a 32-year-old IT engineer from Wuhan, hailed a self-driving taxi to reach home after work, all he had to input on the ride-hailing app was the pickup and drop-off points and the number of passengers. A few minutes later, a robotaxi approached, with no driver or safety operator sitting in, and soon Wu was on his way back. The driverless vehicle operated smoothly without sudden braking or acceleration, Wu said. “When there is a traffic jam, the car automatically replans routes and switches to the most convenient path. I think there is no difference between this driverless car and cars with drivers.” “It usually costs about 29 yuan ($4) from my workplace to home using a traditional taxi; however, because of various discounts, I need to pay only 8.2 yuan for a robotaxi ride,” Wu added. The large-scale commercial use of self-driving technology could become a reality sooner than expected, and is likely to revolutionize urban transport due to their greater efficiency and lower costs, industry experts said. However, the fast-developing technology still faces some challenges and limitations, including how to ensure safety and reliability, especially in complex scenarios (情境), and public concerns over job losses for regular taxi drivers. The market scale of robotaxis in China is expected to exceed 1.18 trillion yuan in 2025 and 2.93 trillion yuan in 2030, making it one of the largest application scenarios for autonomous driving technology, according to a report by Pacific Securities. China has taken the lead in the research and development as well as application of autonomous driving technology, and has introduced a series of policies to promote the commercialization of self-driving vehicles in recent years. The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology selected 20 cities, including Beijing, Shanghai and Chongqing, earlier this month to participate in a pilot program on “vehicle-road-cloud integration” for intelligently connected vehicles. The move aims to connect intelligent vehicles with environmental and cloud-based control systems, paving the way for enhanced safety and efficiency in autonomous driving technology. So are you ready to travel in a robotaxi? 12．What is a feature of robotaxis? A．Operational complexity. B．Inflexible routes. C．Sudden acceleration. D．Intelligent automation. 13．What is a possible impact of robotaxis? A．Transform urban transport. B．Promote employment. C．Generate high costs. D．Enhance personal safety. 14．What can be learned about robotaxis? A．They are dominating the market at present. B．They are energy-consuming and money-saving. C．They are capable of handling complex scenarios. D．They are backed up by the government now. 15．What is the possible future of robotaxis? A．Hire more professionals to update the intelligent vehicles. B．Set favorable policies to collect traffic data and ensure safety. C．Adopt cloud-based applications to improve the vehicles’ functions. D．Export the driverless vehicles abroad to expand the market. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题04阅读理解说明文（下） 目录 （一）（2025届江苏省苏州市八校联考） （二）（2025届湖北省恩施高中、夷陵中学、郧阳中学联考） （三）（2025届江苏省部分高中联考） （四）（2025届安徽省名校联考） （五）（2025届江西省上进联考） （六）（2025届河南省TOP20名校猜题大联考） （七）（2025届江西省华大新高考联盟） （八）（2025届福建省名校联盟） （九）（福建省泉州市四校联考） （一）（2025届江苏省苏州市八校联考） I’m in a meeting when my phone starts to flash with notifications. While the meeting is important, I’m distracted and want to pick up the phone to find out more. Is it a new job announcement from a friend? Something terrible has happened? Every second I’m not sending a message, I’m being a bad friend. I become anxious, and I’m praying the meeting ends sooner. It is the emotional rollercoaster ride of being a modern group chat member, and I’m not alone in these feelings. Research conducted by Three found 50% of British adults struggle to keep up with the speed of these virtual conversations and feel pressured. But why exactly does this occur? “When I’m busy and see a ton of messages coming through, I get stressed that I’m missing something big,” says Jasmine, 31. “Not participating in a group chat can also be overwhelming because then you’ve got loads to catch up on and it’s turned from reading just one or two messages to a short story.” Besides being overwhelming, there’s a lack of real connection, too. “Group chats can make us feel like we’re surrounded by people, yet still somehow on the outside,” says psychotherapist Abby Rawlinson. “If everyone is chatting and you’re not part of the flow — or your message gets no replies — it can awaken the quiet ache of invisibility.” For Madhura, 31, this has felt particularly exasperating at times. “I find messaging in group chats can make you feel like you’re not quite on the same page. Group chats can turn friendly jokes into hurtful messages. A group chat may be used to gossip about a friend who’s not there. Leaving a group chat can also feel like you’re creating an opportunity for those who are left to gossip about you,” Madhura says. “Texting is such a ‘thin’ form of communication. In person, you have tone of voice, facial expressions, and eye contact — all the rich human signals that help us interpret meaning. On a screen, you just get the words themselves,” Rawlinson explains. “So don’t fall into a pit of self-criticism when a message goes without a reply. Group chats can’t truly measure your friendships. They’re just a tool to stay connected.” 32．What is becoming a common phenomenon? A．Group chats block in-depth talks. B．Group chats break up friendships. C．Group chats bring negative emotions. D．Group chats disturb the work-life balance. 33．What mainly troubles Jasmine about group chats? A．Privacy concerns. B．Information overload. C．Sense of isolation. D．Fear of misunderstanding. 34．What does the underlined word “exasperating” in paragraph 5 probably mean? A．Annoying. B．Frightening. C．Inspiring. D．Amusing. 35．What does Rawlinson suggest people do? A．Reduce group chat usage. B．Learn new communication skills. C．Treat group chats properly. D．Focus on face-to-face conversations. 【答案】32．C 33．B 34．A 35．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了群聊在人际关系互动中会给人们带来复杂的负面情绪。 32．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Research conducted by Three found 50% of British adults struggle to keep up with the speed of these virtual conversations and feel pressured.(Three公司进行的一项研究发现，50%的英国成年人难以跟上这些虚拟对话的速度，并感到压力)”以及后文描述的群聊带来的焦虑、不知所措、被孤立等负面情绪可推知，群聊带来负面情绪正成为一种普遍现象。故选C。 33．细节理解题。根据第三段““When I’m busy and see a ton of messages coming through, I get stressed that I’m missing something big,” says Jasmine, 31. “Not participating in a group chat can also be overwhelming because then you’ve got loads to catch up on and it’s turned from reading just one or two messages to a short story.(31岁的Jasmine说：“当我忙得不可开交，却看到一大堆消息涌进来时，我就会感到压力山大，生怕自己错过了什么重要的事情。而且，不参与群聊也会让我感到不知所措，因为等我再去看的时候，就有海量的消息要补上，原本只是读一两条消息，结果却像在读一篇短篇小说一样。”)”可知，Jasmine关于群聊的主要困扰是信息过载。故选B。 34．词句猜测题。根据第五段中““I find messaging in group chats can make you feel like you’re not quite on the same page. Group chats can turn friendly jokes into hurtful messages. A group chat may be used to gossip about a friend who’s not there. Leaving a group chat can also feel like you’re creating an opportunity for those who are left to gossip about you,” Madhura says.(Madhura说：“我发现在群聊里发消息会让你觉得大家好像并不在同一频道上。群聊有时会把友好的玩笑变成伤人的话。人们还可能利用群聊来八卦一个不在场的朋友。而且，离开群聊可能会让你觉得，自己是在给剩下的人创造机会来八卦自己。”)”可知，Madhura认为群聊有时候会让人特别恼火，即画线词意思是“令人恼火的”。故选A。 35．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“So don’t fall into a pit of self-criticism when a message goes without a reply. Group chats can’t truly measure your friendships. They’re just a tool to stay connected.(所以，当一条消息没有得到回复时，不要陷入自我批评的深渊。群聊并不能真正衡量你的友谊。它们只是一种保持联系的工具)”可推知，Rawlinson希望人们能正确看待群聊，即不要过度解读群聊中的情况，而应以合理的方式对待这一工具。故选C。 （二）（2025届湖北省恩施高中、夷陵中学、郧阳中学联考） It’s like watching a rerun while you’re sleeping: Once again, you show up for a class not knowing there’s a test, or lose control of your car while driving, or get chased by a shadowy figure. Recurring dreams have a way of popping up again and again. Research has found that most recurring dreams have a negative tone with themes often related to helplessness, failure, or being chased. But sometimes they can have positive themes, such as discovering a new room in your home or excelling at an activity like skiing. Sometimes these recurring dream themes may feel random. Other times they may relate to an experience from your past or to something that’s currently worrying you. Research has found that people who feel ineffective in their lives and disconnected from others are more likely to experience negative recurring dreams. “These dreams often correlate with periods of heightened stress or significant life changes, suggesting that they may serve as indicators of underlying anxiety,” says Deirdre Barrett, a dream researcher at Harvard Medical School. The content of the recurring dream can affect how you feel. Positive recurring dreams can leave you feeling inspired, hopeful or delighted. Meanwhile, recurring dreams that are upsetting can leave you with an emotional hangover the next day. “Recurring negative dreams can cause significant emotional distress, leading to feelings of fear, anxiety, or helplessness upon waking,” Barrett says, “This emotional remains can linger throughout the day, affecting mood and mental focus.” If these distressing dreams occur frequently, these patterns can even lead you to dread going to sleep, which can interfere with your overall sleep quality. Fortunately, if negative recurring dreams persist, experts say a technique called imagery rehearsal therapy (IRT) can help. With IRT, the basic idea is to select an upsetting dream, visualize the dream while you’re awake, change the narrative or outcome in some way, then rehearse the new dream in your mind during the day. “Change it however feels right to you,” Brette says. “You might change everything or a small detail or the ending. This has an empowering effect on people during the day and allows you to have some control over what happens in your dreams.” 32．What’s the purpose of paragraph One? A．To give a negative tone to dreams. B．To direct focus to recurring dreams. C．To describe different scary dreams. D．To imply dislike for repeated dreams. 33．Who is more likely to experience negative recurring dreams? A．A motivated student. B．A dominant manager. C．A demanding teacher. D．An isolated researcher. 34．Which can be used to describe the effects of negative recurring dreams? A．Life-changing. B．Wide-spreading. C．Long-lasting. D．Mind-blowing. 35．What suggestion is given to handle negative recurring dreams? A．Asking professional therapist for help. B．Controlling the outcome of the dreams. C．Visualizing the scenes of the dreams. D．Intervening in the dreams during the day. 【答案】32．B 33．D 34．C 35．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了反复出现的梦。开篇列举常见的梦境引出反复出现的梦这一话题，接着阐述其主题特点、产生原因及影响，最后介绍应对消极反复梦境的方法。 32．推理判断题。根据第一段“Once again,you show up for a class not knowing there’s a test, or lose control of your car while driving, or get chased by a shadowy figure.(又一次，你去上课却不知道有一场考试，或者开车时车子失控，又或者被一个黑影追赶)” 以及第二段“Recurring dreams have a way of popping up again and again.(反复出现的梦总会一次又一次地出现)”可知，第一段通过列举这些可能反复出现的梦境，目的是自然地将读者的注意力引导到反复出现的梦这一主题上。故选B。 33．推理判断题。根据第三段“Research has found that people who feel ineffective in their lives and disconnected from others are more likely to experience negative recurring dreams.(研究发现，那些在生活中感到无能为力且与他人脱节的人更有可能经历消极的反复出现的梦)” 可知，孤立的研究者（An isolated researcher）符合与他人脱节这一情况，更可能经历消极反复的梦。故选D。 34．细节理解题。根据第四段“Recurring negative dreams can cause significant emotional distress, leading to feelings of fear, anxiety, or helplessness upon waking,” Barrett says, “This emotional remains can linger throughout the day, affecting mood and mental focus.(‘反复出现的消极梦境会造成严重的情绪困扰，导致醒来时产生恐惧、焦虑或无助感，’巴雷特说：‘这种情绪残留会持续一整天，影响情绪和精神集中力’)” 可知，消极反复的梦的影响是持久的。故选C。 35．细节理解题。根据第五段“With IRT, the basic idea is to select an upsetting dream, visualize the dream while you’re awake, change the narrative or outcome in some way, then rehearse the new dream in your mind during the day.(对于意象预演疗法（IRT），其基本思路是选择一个令人不安的梦，在清醒时想象这个梦，以某种方式改变情节或结果，然后在白天在脑海中预演这个新梦)” 可知，应对消极反复的梦的建议是在白天对梦进行干预。故选D。 （三）（2025届江苏省部分高中联考） What is the likelihood of you having someone who looks just like you? Would it be a good thing? And if you did have one, would you want to meet them? Consider how often your facial features are used to identify you. Your passport, ID card and driving licence all bare your face. To enter your workplace, you likely need to be recognizable. You may need your face to unlock your smartphone and possibly need it to exclude you from being present at a crime scene. The word “doppelganger” refers to a person who looks the same as you, essentially sharing your features, those that you thought were unique to you and your identity. Not an identical twin, as a doppelganger has no relation to you. The idea originated in German folklore. A doppelganger was said to be a spirit-double that could replicate every human and animal on the earth. So, let’s get real. What are the chances of you having one in the first place? There is said to be one in 135 chance of an absolute dead ringer for you existing somewhere in the world, so the chances are pretty low, despite folk wisdom promising you otherwise. And the chances of meeting? The mathematical certainty of finding this particular person is supposedly less than one in a trillion! That said, these statistics may be a good thing. Historically, having a double hasn’t always been a positive. Back in 1999, an innocent American man, indistinguishable from the real criminal, was sent to prison for robbery, where he stayed for 19 years. In the end, it turned out to be a case of mistaken identity. In a different case, a woman in New York was accused of trying to poison her doppelganger with deadly cheesecake so that she could steal her identity. 24．What is the main idea of Paragraph 2? A．Overuse of identity information. B．Leakage of identity information. C．Wide application of facial features. D．Misuse of personal information. 25．What does the underlined word “replicate” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Copy. B．Identify. C．Motivate. D．Recognize. 26．What does the author intend to do in Paragraph 4? A．Proving a theory. B．Contradicting a belief. C．Listing statistics. D．Raising a question. 27．How does the author clarify the negative influence of “doppelganger”? A．By interpreting data. B．By citing criminals. C．By studying possibility. D．By giving examples. 【答案】24．C 25．A 26．B 27．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讨论了拥有一个长得和你一模一样的人的可能性、这种可能性是否是一件好事以及如果真的遇到了这样的人你会想见他们吗，同时探讨了“分身”这一概念及其可能带来的负面影响。 24．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Consider how often your facial features are used to identify you. Your passport, ID card and driving licence all bare your face. To enter your workplace, you likely need to be recognizable. You may need your face to unlock your smartphone and possibly need it to exclude you from being present at a crime scene. (想想你的面部特征被用来识别你的频率有多高。你的护照、身份证和驾照都印着你的脸。要进入你的工作场所，你可能需要被认出来。你可能需要刷脸来解锁你的智能手机，或者需要它来证明你没有出现在犯罪现场。)”可知，本段主要讲述了面部特征在日常生活中的广泛应用，包括身份验证、进入工作场所、解锁手机等。因此，本段的主旨大意是面部特征的广泛应用。故选C项。 25．词义猜测题。根据第三段“The word “doppelganger” refers to a person who looks the same as you, essentially sharing your features, those that you thought were unique to you and your identity. Not an identical twin, as a doppelganger has no relation to you. The idea originated in German folklore. A doppelganger was said to be a spirit-double that could replicate every human and animal on the earth. (“分身”这个词指的是一个和你长得一模一样的人，本质上和你共享特征，那些你认为只属于你和你的身份的特征。不是同卵双胞胎，因为分身和你没有任何关系。这个想法起源于德国民间传说。据说分身是一个灵魂双胞胎，可以replicate地球上的每一个人和动物。)”可知，分身被描述为一个可以复制地球上每一个人和动物的灵魂双胞胎，因此replicate的意思是“复制”。故选A项。 26．推理判断题。根据第四段“So, let’s get real. What are the chances of you having one in the first place? There is said to be one in 135 chance of an absolute dead ringer for you existing somewhere in the world, so the chances are pretty low, despite folk wisdom promising you otherwise. And the chances of meeting? The mathematical certainty of finding this particular person is supposedly less than one in a trillion! (所以，让我们现实一点。你首先有一个分身的可能性有多大？据说世界上有一个和你长得一模一样的人的几率是135分之一，所以尽管民间智慧告诉你其他情况，但这种可能性相当低。那么见面的机会呢？找到这个特定人的数学确定性据说不到万亿分之一！)”可知，作者在第四段中通过提供统计数据来反驳人们普遍认为拥有一个分身的可能性很高的看法，即与民间智慧相矛盾。因此，作者在这一段中的意图是反驳一种信念。故选B项。 27．推理判断题。根据第五段“That said, these statistics may be a good thing. Historically, having a double hasn’t always been a positive. Back in 1999, an innocent American man, indistinguishable from the real criminal, was sent to prison for robbery, where he stayed for 19 years. In the end, it turned out to be a case of mistaken identity. In a different case, a woman in New York was accused of trying to poison her doppelganger with deadly cheesecake so that she could steal her identity. (话虽如此，这些统计数据可能是一件好事。从历史上看，拥有一个分身并不总是积极的。早在1999年，一名无辜的美国男子因与真正的罪犯无法区分而被判入狱抢劫，他在那里待了19年。最后，事实证明这是一起身份误认案件。在另一个案例中，纽约的一名妇女被指控试图用致命的芝士蛋糕毒死她的分身，以便窃取她的身份。)”可知，作者通过给出两个具体的例子来澄清“分身”可能带来的负面影响，包括身份误认和身份盗窃。因此，作者通过举例子的方式来阐述“分身”的负面影响。故选D项。 （四）（2025届安徽省名校联考） Some great apes (猿) realize when a human partner doesn’t know something and are capable of communicating information to him to change his behavior, a new study shows. Researchers from Johns Hopkins University studying a species of apes, bonobos, found that they would point to where treats were hidden if they saw their human partner didn’t know where they were. Working with three male bonobos, study co-author Luke Townrow would sit across a table from one of the animals as another person placed a treat under one of three cups. In some cases, Townrow would be allowed to see which cup the treat was under, and the bonobo would wait for him to pass it the food. At other times, he would not be able to see where the treat was, and the bonobo would point to the right cup to help him find the food. The seemingly simple experiment demonstrated for the first time that apes will communicate unknown information in the name of teamwork. Chris Krupenye, another co-author, said that the study “is one of the clearest pieces of evidence that a non-human primate (灵长类动物) understands when someone else is ignorant.” This ability to discover gaps in others’ knowledge is known as theory of mind. “As humans, we have theory of mind,” Krupenye said. “It’s a key feature of human psychology,” he added, explaining that it allows us to cooperate with each other and teach people things that we understand they do not know. Theory of mind has previously been considered unique to humans, but the study shows that bonobos share this capability. “The evidence we have is a good indication that they do have theory of mind,” said Krupenye. The team plans to explore the bonobos’ motivations for sharing information and the way that they think about other individuals’ minds. “What we’ve shown here is that apes will communicate with a partner to change their behavior,” Townrow said, “but a key open question for further research is whether apes are also pointing to change their partner’s mental state or their beliefs.” 12．What can be learned about the experiment? A．The number of cups wasn’t fixed. B．The bonobos fixed their attention on the treat. C．The researchers guided the bonobos to find the treat. D．The bonobos got rewards for sharing information with the researchers. 13．Which of the following can be defined as “theory of mind”? A．Completing complex tasks. B．Understanding others’ views. C．Hiding one’s true feelings. D．Communicating with animals. 14．What is the next target for the researchers in their study? A．The bonobos’ motivations to find the treat. B．The bonobos’ method of delivering messages. C．The bonobos’ way of perceiving others’ minds. D．The bonobos’ differences from humans. 15．What can be the best title for the text? A．Apes Can Recognize Ignorance in Humans B．Bonobos Have Mastered Teamwork in the Wild C．Primates Can Be Taught to Read Human Minds D．Apes Prove Themselves to Be Better Partners 【答案】12．B 13．B 14．C 15．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。一项最新的研究表明，倭黑猩猩能够推断人类合作者的心理状态，并根据对方的知识状态调整自己的行为。 12．推理判断题。根据第二段“Working with three male bonobos, study co-author Luke Townrow would sit across a table from one of the animals as another person placed a treat under one of three cups. In some cases, Townrow would be allowed to see which cup the treat was under, and the bonobo would wait for him to pass it the food. At other times, he would not be able to see where the treat was, and the bonobo would point to the right cup to help him find the food. (研究报告的合著者卢克·汤罗与三只雄性倭黑猩猩一起工作，他坐在其中一只倭黑猩猩的桌子对面，另一个人把食物放在三个杯子中的一个下面。在某些情况下，汤罗会被允许看到食物在哪个杯子下面，倭黑猩猩会等着他把食物递给它。在其他时候，他看不到食物在哪里，倭黑猩猩会指着正确的杯子帮助他找到食物。)” 可知，倭黑猩猩会专注于食物，当研究者不知道食物在哪时，它们会帮忙指出。故选B。 13．细节理解题。根据第三段“Chris Krupenye, another co-author, said that the study “is one of the clearest pieces of evidence that a non-human primate (灵长类动物) understands when someone else is ignorant.” This ability to discover gaps in others’ knowledge is known as theory of mind.(另一位合著者克里斯・克鲁佩尼说，这项研究“这是最清楚的证据之一，表明非人类灵长类动物能够理解他人何时处于无知状态”。这种发现他人知识差距的能力被称为心理理论)” 可知，“心理理论”指的是理解他人观点的能力。故选B。 14．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The team plans to explore the bonobos’ motivations for sharing information and the way that they think about other individuals’ minds.(研究小组计划探索倭黑猩猩分享信息的动机以及它们思考其他个体心理的方式)” 可知，研究人员接下来的研究目标是倭黑猩猩感知他人心理的方式。故选C。 15．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Some great apes (猿) realize when a human partner doesn’t know something and are capable of communicating information to him to change his behavior, a new study shows.(一项新的研究表明，一些类人猿能够意识到人类伙伴何时不知道某些事情，并能够向其传达信息以改变其行为)” 以及全文内容可知，本文主要讲述了类人猿能够识别人类的无知。选项 A“猿类能够识别人类的无知”为最佳标题。故选A。 （五）（2025届江西省上进联考） In a recent study, Keren Papier at the University of Oxford and her colleagues used 16 years of data on more than 540,000 women in the UK. The researchers found that every additional 300 milligrams of calcium (钙) per day was associated with a 17 per cent reduction in risk. “This is the most comprehensive single study ever conducted into the relationship between diet and colorectal cancer (结直肠癌), and it highlights the potential protective role of dairy products, largely due to calcium, in the development of colorectal cancer,” says Papier. Papier’s study agrees with another recent paper that followed more than 470,000 adults for over 20 years. This similarly found an association between reduced colorectal cancer risk and higher calcium consumption. A third study, led by Shuji Ogino in Boston, adds to the evidence, but turns the spotlight away from calcium. His team followed some 87,000 women for 40 years and 45,000 men for 30 years. At least two servings of plain yogurt a week, which contained Bifidobacterium bacteria (双歧杆菌), was linked to a 20 per cent lower rate of colorectal cancer. When it comes to calcium pills, a 2018 report for Cancer Research suggests that they decrease the risk of colorectal cancer, but another study found that they may increase the risk of diseases that may lead to the condition. Given the widespread use of these pills, further research is needed, says Papier.The benefits of Bifidobacterium bacteria are also unknown, says Ogino. To him, these studies illustrate the complex connection between our diet and cancer risk, with there being no shortcut to health. “If people try to go to a supermarket and buy more plain yogurt, then that’s good, but if they just stop in a day or two, there is no effect.” People should try to follow all the cancer prevention advice such as being active and not smoking, and “not focus on the potential benefits of one food or one nutrient”, says Mathers, a health expert. 12．What did Keren Papier’s study find? A．Calcium from dairy products can cure cancer. B．More calcium leads to better colorectal cancer fighting. C．The daily consumption of 300 mg of calcium is necessary. D．Extra calcium consumption is linked to a lower colorectal cancer risk. 13．What is the key difference between Papier’s and Ogino’s studies? A．Study focus. B．Study duration. C．Research method. D．Participants’ gender. 14．What is the best way to prevent cancer according to Mathers? A．Follow experts’ guidelines. B．Focus on food and nutrient. C．Take all factors into account. D．Emphasize the involvement in sports. 15．What would be the best title for this passage? A．Yogurt vs. Calcium: Which One Works Better? B．Calcium Pills: Their Role in Cancer Prevention C．Colorectal Cancer Risk: How to Reduce It Effectively? D．Diet Choices: Their Impact on Colorectal Cancer Prevention 【答案】12．D 13．A 14．C 15．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了多项关于饮食与结直肠癌之间关系的研究，研究发现乳制品中的钙以及酸奶中的双歧杆菌与降低结直肠癌风险有关，但对于钙片的作用存在不同研究结果，同时强调饮食与癌症风险之间的关系很复杂，预防癌症需要综合考虑多种因素，不能只关注一种食物或营养素。 12．细节理解题。根据第一段“The researchers found that every additional 300 milligrams of calcium (钙) per day was associated with a 17 per cent reduction in risk.(研究人员发现，每天每额外摄入300毫克钙，患癌风险就会降低17%)” 可推知，额外的钙摄入会使得患癌风险降低，即额外的钙摄入与较低的结直肠癌风险有关。故选D。 13．细节理解题。根据第一段““This is the most comprehensive single study ever conducted into the relationship between diet and colorectal cancer (结直肠癌), and it highlights the potential protective role of dairy products, largely due to calcium, in the development of colorectal cancer,” says Papier.(“这是迄今为止对饮食和结直肠癌之间关系进行的最全面的单一研究，它强调了乳制品的潜在保护作用，主要是由于钙，在结直肠癌的发展中，”Papier说)” 以及第三段“A third study, led by Shuji Ogino in Boston, adds to the evidence, but turns the spotlight away from calcium. His team followed some 87,000 women for 40 years and 45,000 men for 30 years. At least two servings of plain yogurt a week, which contained Bifidobacterium bacteria (双歧杆菌), was linked to a 20 per cent lower rate of colorectal cancer.(波士顿的Shuji Ogino领导的第三项研究增加了证据，但将焦点从钙转移开。他的团队对8.7万名女性和4.5万名男性进行了40年的跟踪调查。每周至少喝两份含有双歧杆菌的酸奶，结直肠癌的发病率会降低20%)” 可知，Papier的研究重点是钙与结直肠癌的关系，而Shuji Ogino的研究重点是酸奶中的双歧杆菌与结直肠癌的关系，二者的研究重点不同。故选A。 14．细节理解题。根据最后一段“People should try to follow all the cancer prevention advice such as being active and not smoking, and “not focus on the potential benefits of one food or one nutrient”, says Mathers, a health expert.(健康专家Mathers说，人们应该尝试遵循所有的癌症预防建议，如积极运动和不吸烟，并且“不要只关注一种食物或一种营养素的潜在益处”)” 可知，Mathers认为预防癌症的最佳方法是考虑所有因素，而不是只关注某一方面。故选C。 15．主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了多项关于饮食与结直肠癌之间关系的研究，研究发现乳制品中的钙以及酸奶中的双歧杆菌与降低结直肠癌风险有关，但对于钙片的作用存在不同研究结果，同时强调饮食与癌症风险之间的关系很复杂，预防癌症需要综合考虑多种因素，不能只关注一种食物或营养素。所以文章的最佳标题是“饮食选择：对结直肠癌预防的影响”。故选D。 （六）（2025届河南省TOP20名校猜题大联考） The places inhabited by many species are shifting due to climate change, and these species are mostly tracked by formal monitoring plans and surveys. However, these traditional methods may struggle to spot rapid changes, and sometimes overlook urban areas. A new study led by the University of Exeter examined posts about Jersey tiger moths on main social media. The posts reveal that the moths are unexpectedly common in towns and cities. The findings demonstrate how social media can help scientists track animal species as they relocate in response to climate change. “Wildlife surveys tend to be done in rural areas, so their information doesn’t always reflect the vital importance of towns and cities,” said Nile Stephenson, who led the study. Urban parks and gardens provide diverse habitats where species like the Jersey tiger moth can grow well. By accounting for biases (偏差) and gaps in the data, researchers have developed a method that could be widely used to track many species — especially those that share urban environments. “Our study shows that plenty of people in towns and cities are interested in wildlife, which has the potential to increase connectedness to nature,” said Stephenson, now at the University of Cambridge. “We also found some people who are very interested in wildlife and photography tend to post images of a wide range of wildlife they see. This provides a database that scientists can use.” Stephenson said the public can also help by posting in places such as iNaturalist and iRecord, as information from these is already used in research. The team highlighted limitations of using social media, saying it can only be used to complement — not replace — traditional monitoring. “Because social media is so subject to trends, we would expect to see bias, such as more sightings of species that are being widely talked about,” said Stephenson. “However, we can turn that into a positive. For example, we could improve monitoring of invasive (入侵的) species by making trends around recording sightings.” 12．What can be learned about traditional animal species monitoring? A．It has some limitations. B．It isn’t backed by science. C．It is only used in rural areas. D．It proves complicated to carry out. 13．What does the study find? A．Most online animal images are unreliable. B．Urban environments are unsuitable for animals. C．Wildlife appeals to many people in urban areas. D．Diverse habitats in the wild are under protection. 14．What does Stephenson stress in the last paragraph? A．It’s tough to monitor invasive species. B．Social media should be properly used. C．Traditional monitoring is irreplaceable. D．He is opposed to employing social media. 15．What is the main idea of the text? A．Traditional wildlife monitoring has fallen out of date. B．The impact of climate change on wildlife is enormous. C．Urban areas play a crucial role in wildlife conservation. D．Social media can help track species as climate changes. 【答案】12．A 13．C 14．B 15．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。新的研究表明，社交媒体可以帮助科学家追踪动物物种，尤其是在气候多变的环境下。 12．细节理解题。根据第一段的“The places inhabited by many species are shifting due to climate change, and these species are mostly tracked by formal monitoring plans and surveys. However, these traditional methods may struggle to spot rapid changes, and sometimes overlook urban areas.(由于气候变化，许多物种的栖息地正在发生变化，这些物种主要通过正式的监测计划和调查来追踪。然而，这些传统方法可能难以发现快速变化，有时还会忽略城市地区)”可知，传统监测方法存在难以发现快速变化以及会忽略城市地区等局限性。所以关于传统动物物种监测，可以了解到它存在一些局限性。故选A。 13．细节理解题。 根据第五段的““Our study shows that plenty of people in towns and cities are interested in wildlife, which has the potential to increase connectedness to nature,” said Stephenson, now at the University of Cambridge.(现在在剑桥大学的斯蒂芬森说：“我们的研究表明，城镇中有许多人对野生动物感兴趣，这有可能增加与自然的联系。”)”可知，研究发现城市地区有很多人对野生动物感兴趣，即野生动物吸引了很多城市地区的人。故选C。 14．推理判断题。根据最后一段斯蒂芬森说的““Because social media is so subject to trends, we would expect to see bias, such as more sightings of species that are being widely talked about,”said Stephenson. “However, we can turn that into a positive. For example, we could improve monitoring of invasive (入侵的) species by making trends around recording sightings.”(斯蒂芬森说：“由于社交媒体非常容易受到潮流的影响，我们预计会看到偏见，比如更多地看到被广泛讨论的物种。然而，我们可以把它变成积极的。例如，我们可以通过记录目击情况的趋势来改进对入侵物种的监测。”)”可知，从斯蒂芬森的话中可以看出，他承认社交媒体存在受潮流影响易产生偏见的问题，但同时认为可以将其转化为积极方面，也就是强调要合理利用社交媒体，故选B。 15．主旨大意题。 根据第二段的“The findings demonstrate how social media can help scientists track animal species as they relocate in response to climate change.(这些发现展示了社交媒体如何帮助科学家追踪因气候变化而迁徙的动物物种)”以及全文内容可知，文章围绕气候变化下物种迁徙展开，重点说明社交媒体在补充传统监测、追踪物种分布中的作用，对应“社交媒体可以帮助追踪气候变化下的物种”的核心主题。故选D。 （七）（2025届江西省华大新高考联盟） Much has been discussed about how modern lifestyles lead to insufficient sleep, unlike our ancestors who lived in simpler times. However, an analysis of 54 global sleep studies reveals that individuals in small, non-industrial societies actually sleep less than those in more industrialized regions. “Everyone I speak to in Canada and the US complains about poor sleep,” says Leela McKinnon from the University of Toronto Mississauga. “But the data doesn’t support that. ” It is commonly believed that the rise of devices like smartphones has resulted in reduced sleep — often referred to as a sleep-loss epidemic. Yet, many studies reporting a decline in sleep duration rely on self-reported data, which is an unreliable measure. Research using more reliable methods, such as activity monitors or brainwave tracking, has not indicated a decrease in sleep over recent decades. For instance, a 2016 review of 168 studies found no significant drop in sleep duration over the past 50 years. However, these studies primarily focused on industrialized nations, leaving the question of whether sleep patterns were different before industrialization unanswered. The availability of wrist-based activity monitors made it easier to study sleep in non-industrial societies. Such studies have revealed short sleep durations. For instance, among hunter-gatherers, the San peoples in southern Africa sleep for 6.7 hours a night on average. McKinnon and her colleague David Samson, also from the University of Toronto Mississauga, have participated in several relevant studies. They compared sleep habits in industrialized nations — like the US and Australia — with those in smaller, non-industrial communities, including local groups in the Amazon, Madagascar, and Tanna Island in the Pacific. Their analysis, the most comprehensive to date, involved direct measurements of sleep in 866participants aged 18 and older with no serious health issues. They discovered that individuals in non-industrial societies averaged 6. 4 hours of sleep, while those in industrial societies averaged 7. 1 hours. Additionally, people in non-industrial societies were asleep for 74% of their time in bed, compared to 88%in industrialized areas, a concept known as sleep efficiency. Samson believes that people in industrialized societies sleep longer and better because their environment is more suitable for sleep. “We see that we’ve made some real gains in the safety and security of our sleep sites,” he says. “We no longer need to worry about rival groups or predators at night.” 12．What does Leela McKinnon think of sleep complaints? A．They are unique to Canada. B．They are supported by data. C．They are overstated by people. D．They are caused by smartphones. 13．Why do people in industrial societies sleep better? A．They sleep less but feel better. B．Their sleep technology is advanced. C．They are more used to short sleep. D．Their sleep environments are safer. 14．What is the passage mainly about? A．Non-industrial societies sleep better. B．Technology greatly reduces sleep time. C．Industrialization worsens sleep quality. D．Research challenges beliefs about sleep. 15．Where is this passage most likely from? A．A health guide. B．A history book. C．A science journal. D．A travel magazine. 【答案】12．C 13．D 14．D 15．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过对全球54项睡眠研究的分析，指出非工业化社会的人们实际上睡得更少，工业社会的人平均睡眠时间更长，且工业社会的环境更适合睡眠。作者反驳了“现代生活方式是导致睡眠不足的原因”这一观念。 12．细节理解题。根据第二段中““Everyone I speak to in Canada and the US complains about poor sleep, ” says Leela McKinnon from the University of Toronto Mississauga. “But the data doesn’t support that. ”(‘在加拿大和美国遇到的每个人都抱怨睡眠不好，’多伦多密西沙加大学的Leela McKinnon说。‘但数据并不支持这一点。’)”可知，Leela McKinnon认为人们对睡眠的抱怨被夸大了。故选C。 13．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Samson believes that people in industrialized societies sleep longer and better because their environment is more suitable for sleep. “We see that we’ve made some real gains in the safety and security of our sleep sites, ” he says. “We no longer need to worry about rival groups or predators at night. ”(Samson认为，工业化社会的人们睡得更长、更好，因为他们的环境更适合睡眠。‘我们看到，我们在睡眠场所的安全保障方面取得了一些实实在在的进步，’他说。‘我们不再需要担心晚上有敌对团体或捕食者。’)”可知，工业化社会的人们睡得更好是因为他们的睡眠环境更安全。故选D。 14．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Much has been discussed about how modern lifestyles lead to insufficient sleep, unlike our ancestors who lived in simpler times. However, an analysis of 54 global sleep studies reveals that individuals in small, non-industrial societies actually sleep less than those in more industrialized regions.(关于现代生活方式如何导致睡眠不足的问题已经讨论了很多，这与我们生活在更简单时代的祖先不同。然而，一项对54项全球睡眠研究的分析显示，小型非工业社会的人们实际上比工业化程度更高的地区的人们睡得少)”以及通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了研究挑战了关于睡眠的普遍看法，即现代生活方式导致睡眠不足，而实际上非工业化社会的人们睡眠时间更短。因此，D选项“研究挑战了关于睡眠的信念”最符合文章主旨。故选D。 15．推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，本文主要讨论了关于睡眠的研究结果，这些研究使用了可靠的方法来测量睡眠，并挑战了关于现代生活方式导致睡眠不足的普遍看法。这样的内容通常出现在科学期刊上，因此这篇文章最有可能来自一本科学期刊。故选C。 （八）（2025届福建省名校联盟） It’s probably not surprising that a new study has linked added sugar consumption to an increased risk of heart disease, but a less expected discovery is that those who have an occasional sweet treat appear to be at a reduced risk of cardiovascular (心血管的) problems. Eating a cake, or chocolate bar every so often may be better for your heart than a “zero-sugar” diet, according to the research team from Lund University in Sweden. However, this relationship doesn’t hold for other types of sugar consumption, like fizzy drinks and sugary toppings. The researchers looked at records of 69,705 people in Swedish public health databases. The participants, aged between 45 and 83, were quizzed on their diet and lifestyle in 1997 and 2009, then tracked up to 2019. “The most striking finding is the varying relationship between different sources of added sugar and cardiovascular disease risk,” says epidemiologist Suzanne Janzi. “This surprising contrast highlights the importance of considering not just the amount of sugar consumed, but its source and context.” According to the study, sugar intake was grouped into three categories: sugary toppings, sweet treats, and sweetened beverages (饮料) . Type of added sugar consumed was then cross-referenced against seven types of cardiovascular diseases, with several other risk factors like smoking taken into account. Research findings also indicated the lowest risks across all cardiovascular diseases were found in those who limited themselves to sweet treats every now and again. There’s a lot to consider when it comes to the different ways we get our sugar. “Liquid sugars, found in sweetened beverages, typically make you feel less full than solid forms, potentially leading to overconsumption,” says Janzi. “Context also matters — treats are often enjoyed in social settings or special occasions.” Bear in mind that these findings suggest relationships, rather than proving cause and effect. They also don’t factor in other health consequences — like damage to teeth. The researchers suggest future studies could look in more detail at associations between sugar, heart disease, and obesity, for example. “While our observational study cannot establish causation, it suggests that extremely low sugar intake may not be necessary or beneficial for cardiovascular health,” says Janzi. 8．What does the underlined phrase “hold for” in paragraph 2 refer to? A．Differ from. B．Lead to. C．Apply to. D．Originate from. 9．Which type of added sugar contributes least to cardiovascular diseases? A．Sugary toppings. B．Sweet treats. C．Solid sugars. D．Sweetened beverages. 10．What may Janzi agree with according to the last two paragraphs? A．The context of sugar consumption counts. B．Tooth damage mainly arises from sugar intake. C．Extremely low sugar intake is always necessary. D．Liquid sugars usually creates a feeling of fullness. 11．What is the best title of the text? A．Sugar Intake: Be to Blame for Obesity B．Cardiovascular Health: Cause and Effect C．Hidden Killers: Sugary Drinks and Toppings D．Occasional Sweet Treats: Better for Your Heart 【答案】8．C 9．B 10．A 11．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍新研究表明偶尔吃甜食或有益心脏健康 。 8．词句猜测题。根据前文“Eating a cake, or chocolate bar every so often may be better for your heart than a ‘zero-sugar’ diet(偶尔吃个蛋糕或巧克力棒可能比‘无糖’饮食对心脏更好)”和后文“other types of sugar consumption, like fizzy drinks and sugary toppings(其他类型的糖消费，如汽水和含糖配料)”，以及转折词“However”可知，此句意思是这种关系并不适用于其他类型的糖消费，如汽水和含糖配料。“hold for”在此处意为 “适用于”。A选项“Differ from(与……不同)”；B选项“Lead to(导致)”；D选项“Originate from(起源于)” 均不符合语境，C选项“Apply to(适用于)” 符合，故选C。 9．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Research findings also indicated the lowest risks across all cardiovascular diseases were found in those who limited themselves to sweet treats every now and again.(研究结果还表明，在所有心血管疾病中，那些偶尔只吃甜食的人风险最低)”和第五段中“There’s a lot to consider when it comes to the different ways we get our sugar. “Liquid sugars, found in sweetened beverages, typically make you feel less full than solid forms, potentially leading to overconsumption,” says Janzi.(当谈到我们获取糖的不同方式时，有很多需要考虑的问题。詹齐说：“甜味饮料中的液态糖通常会让你感觉不像固体糖那么饱，这可能会导致过量摄入。”)”可知，甜食对心血管疾病的影响最小。故选B。 10．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Context also matters — treats are often enjoyed in social settings or special occasions.(环境也很重要——甜食通常在社交场合或特殊场合享用)”可知，Janzi认为糖消费的环境很重要，故A选项正确。B 选项“牙齿损伤主要源于糖的摄入”，文中虽提到研究未考虑牙齿损伤，但未表明牙齿损伤主要源于糖摄入；C选项“极低的糖摄入总是必要的”与最后一段“While our observational study cannot establish causation, extremely low sugar intake may not be necessary or beneficial for cardiovascular health(虽然我们的观察性研究不能确定因果关系，但它表明极低的糖摄入量可能对心血管健康不是必要的或有益的)”不符；D选项“液体糖通常会产生饱腹感”与倒数第二段“Liquid sugars, found in sweetened beverages, typically make you feel less full than solid forms(含糖饮料中的液体糖通常比固体形式的糖让你感觉不那么饱)”不符。故选A。 11．主旨大意题。文章开篇指出一项新研究表明偶尔吃甜食可能降低患心血管疾病的风险，后文围绕此研究展开论述，包括研究过程、不同类型糖对心血管疾病影响的差异等，所以D选项“Occasional Sweet Treats: Better for Your Heart(偶尔吃甜食：对心脏更好)”最能概括文章主旨，最适合作为文章标题。故选D。 （九）（福建省泉州市四校联考） A technician conducts a road test on a self-driving vehicle in Wuhan, Hubei province, on July 4. When Wu Zhenpeng, a 32-year-old IT engineer from Wuhan, hailed a self-driving taxi to reach home after work, all he had to input on the ride-hailing app was the pickup and drop-off points and the number of passengers. A few minutes later, a robotaxi approached, with no driver or safety operator sitting in, and soon Wu was on his way back. The driverless vehicle operated smoothly without sudden braking or acceleration, Wu said. “When there is a traffic jam, the car automatically replans routes and switches to the most convenient path. I think there is no difference between this driverless car and cars with drivers.” “It usually costs about 29 yuan ($4) from my workplace to home using a traditional taxi; however, because of various discounts, I need to pay only 8.2 yuan for a robotaxi ride,” Wu added. The large-scale commercial use of self-driving technology could become a reality sooner than expected, and is likely to revolutionize urban transport due to their greater efficiency and lower costs, industry experts said. However, the fast-developing technology still faces some challenges and limitations, including how to ensure safety and reliability, especially in complex scenarios (情境), and public concerns over job losses for regular taxi drivers. The market scale of robotaxis in China is expected to exceed 1.18 trillion yuan in 2025 and 2.93 trillion yuan in 2030, making it one of the largest application scenarios for autonomous driving technology, according to a report by Pacific Securities. China has taken the lead in the research and development as well as application of autonomous driving technology, and has introduced a series of policies to promote the commercialization of self-driving vehicles in recent years. The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology selected 20 cities, including Beijing, Shanghai and Chongqing, earlier this month to participate in a pilot program on “vehicle-road-cloud integration” for intelligently connected vehicles. The move aims to connect intelligent vehicles with environmental and cloud-based control systems, paving the way for enhanced safety and efficiency in autonomous driving technology. So are you ready to travel in a robotaxi? 12．What is a feature of robotaxis? A．Operational complexity. B．Inflexible routes. C．Sudden acceleration. D．Intelligent automation. 13．What is a possible impact of robotaxis? A．Transform urban transport. B．Promote employment. C．Generate high costs. D．Enhance personal safety. 14．What can be learned about robotaxis? A．They are dominating the market at present. B．They are energy-consuming and money-saving. C．They are capable of handling complex scenarios. D．They are backed up by the government now. 15．What is the possible future of robotaxis? A．Hire more professionals to update the intelligent vehicles. B．Set favorable policies to collect traffic data and ensure safety. C．Adopt cloud-based applications to improve the vehicles’ functions. D．Export the driverless vehicles abroad to expand the market. 【答案】12．D 13．A 14．D 15．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过介绍武汉一位工程师吴振鹏乘坐自动驾驶出租车(robotaxi)的经历，来展示自动驾驶技术的实际应用。文章重点说明了自动驾驶出租车的特点、优势以及未来的应用前景，并讨论了该技术可能带来的挑战。此外，文章还介绍了中国政府支持该技术发展的相关政策以及市场前景。 12．细节理解题。根据第三段中“When there is a traffic jam, the car automatically replans routes and switches to the most convenient path. I think there is no difference between this driverless car and cars with drivers.(当交通堵塞时，汽车会自动重新规划路线，并切换到最方便的路径。我认为无人驾驶汽车和有司机的汽车没有什么区别)”可知，车辆能自动规划路线和处理交通状况，说明其具备智能自动化的特性。故选D。 13．细节理解题。根据第五段“The large-scale commercial use of self-driving technology could become a reality sooner than expected, and is likely to revolutionize urban transport due to their greater efficiency and lower costs, industry experts said.(行业专家表示，自动驾驶技术的大规模商业应用可能会比预期更快成为现实，并且由于其更高的效率和更低的成本，可能会彻底改变城市交通)”可知，机器人出租车可能会改造城市交通。故选A。 14．推理判断题。根据第七段中“China has taken the lead in the research and development as well as application of autonomous driving technology, and has introduced a series of policies to promote the commercialization of self-driving vehicles in recent years.(近年来，中国在自动驾驶技术的研发和应用方面处于领先地位，并出台了一系列政策来促进自动驾驶汽车的商业化)”和第八段中“The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology selected 20 cities, including Beijing, Shanghai and Chongqing, earlier this month to participate in a pilot program on “vehicle-road-cloud integration” for intelligently connected vehicles.(本月早些时候，工业和信息化部选择了包括北京、上海和重庆在内的20个城市参与智能网联汽车“车路云一体化”试点项目)”可知，中国政府出台了一系列政策来支持自动驾驶技术的发展，并推出了“车路云一体化”试点项目，显示政府的支持。故选D。 15．推理判断题。根据第八段中“The move aims to connect intelligent vehicles with environmental and cloud-based control systems, paving the way for enhanced safety and efficiency in autonomous driving technology.(此举旨在将智能汽车与环境和基于云的控制系统连接起来，为提高自动驾驶技术的安全性和效率铺平道路)”可知，机器人出租车未来可能采用云应用，提升车辆功能。故选C。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$