专题04阅读理解说明文（上）-2025年全国名校、联考英语试卷好题精选分类详解

专题04阅读理解说明文（上） 目录 （一）（2025届大教育山东联盟） （二）（2025届广东省六校联考） （三）（2025届湖南省邵阳市大联考） （四）（2025届湖南省长沙市四大名校） （五）（2025届湖北省高中名校联盟） （六）（2025届湖北省黄冈市学海园大联考） （七）（2025届湖北省新八校协作体） （八）（2025届浙江省金华十校联考） （九）（2025届浙江省强基联盟） （十）（浙江省名校新高考研究联盟） （十一）（2025届浙江省北斗星盟） （十二）（2025届江苏省南通市等苏北七市） （一）（2025届大教育山东联盟） What’s the secret to a thriving garden? Sunlight and water, of course. And, it turns out that another surprising ingredient can help grow happy, healthy plants: music! According to a study published in Frontiers in Plant Science, music has the potential to stimulate plant growth, and even the type of music can have a different impact on plants. The sound vibrations (振动) may stimulate cellular (细胞的) processes like nutrient transport that encourage healthier plants. Plants don’t hear sound like humans do, but they can feel vibrations from sound and respond positively to certain types of music, according to a study published in Nature. The study showed that plants exposed to music grow faster, with taller stems, larger blooms, and healthier leaves. As for plants’ favorite music, “Gardening guru” Chris Beardshaw found that playing heavy metal music, like Black Sabbath, boosts plant growth, producing shorter plants with larger, more disease-resistant flowers. Beardshaw conducted a greenhouse experiment comparing music types. He discovered that classical music slightly improved growth, while rock and roll singer Cliff Richard’s music led to plant dying. The loud, rhythmic energy of heavy metal music proved most effective for blooms, suggesting an unexpected link between head-banging music and plant health. Overall, findings seem to demonstrate that plants prefer more rhythmic types, especially classical and heavy metal. According to the garden company Moana Nursery, classical music seems to work wonders to keep stomata (气孔) open longer, enhancing air intake. Heavy metal music appears to stimulate even greater growth. However, understanding plants’ music preference can be tricky. It can depend on all sorts of variables like plant types, music styles, and environmental factors. Some critics add that more research with stricter controls needs to be done in order to establish a connection between music and plant growth. The improvements in plant health observed during these studies could also be caused by better plant care and attentive behavior from caretakers. 8．What is the study published in Frontiers in Plant Science about? A．Sunlight and water are key to gardens. B．Healthy plants lie in happy caretakers. C．Plants listening to music grow better. D．Cellular growth is from sound vibrations. 9．What does “Gardening guru” Chris Beardshaw’s research focus on? A．What type of music plants prefer. B．When heavy metal music is played. C．Whether plant growth can be boosted. D．How shorter plants produce larger flowers. 10．How did Chris Beardshaw make the discovery? A．By comparing former records. B．By listening to various music types. C．By analyzing music and plant health. D．By making a greenhouse experiment. 11．What do we know from the last paragraph? A．Better plants only result from playing music. B．More factors contribute to plant improvements. C．Certain plant types prefer certain music styles. D．Plants’ music preference comes down to a joke. （二）（2025届广东省六校联考） The idea that we need to eat meat to get enough protein and iron, a false assumption of some Paleo diet advocates, is a common misconception. It ignores the abundance of protein and iron in many plant-based foods such as nuts and seeds. Likewise, while we typically associate omega-3 fatty acids with fish, fish themselves incorporate these into their tissue by eating seaweed, which we can consume directly without the concerns of exposure to microplastics in fish flesh. Evidently, significantly reducing our consumption of meat would carry vast benefits. Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death around the world. Eating highly processed foods and red meat has been repeatedly demonstrated to promote underlying mechanisms of cancer and cardiovascular disease, such as inflammation (炎症) and damage to the lining of blood vessels. In addition to harming ourselves, eating meat harms others. Factory farming practices often imply unspeakable cruelty to animals, and working conditions for human laborers are often unsafe and inhumane as well. Overcrowding of livestock and workers promotes the spread of disease among both people and animals, putting us all at risk for future pandemics. The overuse of “routine” antibiotics to accelerate animal growth and precautiously treat the infections anticipated as a result of living in unclean and overcrowded conditions can promote antibiotic resistance. While large-scale, well-organized national and international action is undoubtedly needed to fight unscrupulous factory farming practices—and to ensure the availability of nutritious and healthy food for all citizens, those with greater influence, such as physicians, educators and policy makers, should consider the importance of acting as role models for healthy behaviors themselves as well as advocating for policies that ensure better nutritional access and education for others. All of these should not be excuses for individuals to resist carrying out change in their own lives and communities. Societies change when enough individuals within them alter their behavior, and it is up to each of us to act as a change agent in whatever capacity we can. We would all be well served to pull this means in our own lives as well. 12．What challenges a common belief about meat consumption? A．Microplastics make fish a poor omega-3 source. B．Meat is not essential for obtaining key nutrients. C．Nuts and seeds lack sufficient nutrients to replace meat. D．Plant-based foods cannot provide enough protein and iron. 13．What can be implied from factory farming practices? A．They are technologically advanced. B．They are morally questionable. C．They are environmentally unfriendly. D．They are economically efficient. 14．What does the author emphasize about societal change? A．Governments must lead policy reforms. B．International action will solve challenges. C．Individuals should initiate behavioral shifts. D．Role models must play vital role in education. 15．Which best describes the article's structure? A．Comparative study. B．Time order. C．Cause-effect. D．Problem-solution. （三）（2025届湖南省邵阳市大联考） A study published on July 3 in the journal PLOS ONE set out to explore whether Chat GPT could outshine humans in the field of joke-telling. Drew Gorenz, a social psychology doctoral candidate, explained that the research aimed to determine if artificial intelligence could outwit humans when it came to making people laugh. In the first study, 105 participants and Chat GPT were each given three tasks, with three prompts for each task. They were asked to create humorous phrases for common acronyms, come up with funny answers for fill-in-the-blank phrases, and compose “roast jokes.” The 105 participants generated over 945 jokes, while Chat GPT produced 180. Another group of participants then rated the funniness of these jokes without knowing their authors. Surprisingly, nearly 70% of them found ChatGPT-generated jokes funnier than those made by humans. Only about 25% thought human-crafted jokes were better, and around 5% considered both equally funny. To further test Chat GPT’s humor-generating ability, researchers conducted a second study. They asked Chat GPT to create new headlines in the satirical style of The Onion, using the original The Onion headlines as references. Then, 200 participants rated the funniness of both the original The Onion headlines and the Chat GPT-generated ones. The result showed that Chat GPT’s headlines were regarded as equally funny as the original ones. Gorenz, an amateur stand-up comedian, got the idea for this study from the ongoing debate in the entertainment world about the use of large language models like Chat GPT. With Hollywood writers and actors striking due to concerns that such models threaten their jobs, art, and creativity, the study has significant implications. For ordinary people, Chat GPT can add humor to daily conversations. However, for professional comedy writers, large language models pose a serious employment threat. Whether AI will have the last laugh in the field of humor creation remains an open question. 32．In the first study, how many prompts did Chat GPT receive in total? A．9. B．3. C．6. D．20. 33．Why did the author mention the Hollywood strikes? A．To show the popularity of Chat GPT in the entertainment industry. B．To explain the background and significance of the study. C．To prove that AI has no negative impact on the entertainment industry. D．To encourage more people to support the striking writers and actors. 34．What does the phrase “have the last laugh” in the last paragraph mean? A．Be the ultimate winner. B．Stop laughing finally. C．Laugh at others rudely. D．Tell the funniest joke. 35．Which of the following can best summarize the passage? A．Hollywood strikes are caused by the development of AI. B．Chat GPT is applied in daily communication. C．There are differences between Chat GPT and professional comedy writers. D．A study finds Chat GPT funnier than humans in humor creation and its implications. （四）（2025届湖南省长沙市四大名校） France banned smartphones in primary and secondary schools in 2018 to improve focus, reduce social media exposure, and control cyberbullying. Following this, the Netherlands and Hungary introduced similar bans in 2024, while the UK debates comparable legislation. The critical debate centers on whether such bans meaningfully enhance students’ mental health. The urgency is undeniable. A 2021 U.S. Surgeon General report documented a 40% surge in persistent hopelessness among American high schoolers between 2009 and 2019. The number who seriously considered killing themselves went up by 36%. What makes these findings all the worse is that 48% of mental-health problems (like depression and anxiety) that emerge during adolescence will plague people for the rest of their lives. It is tempting to connect these trends with the increased availability of smartphones, but establishing a causal connection is difficult. The brain undergoes profound changes during adolescence, meaning that any research on the effects of smartphone use needs to consider the developmental age of the children being studied as well as their precise smartphone habits. Some studies reveal that unfettered (不受限制的) access to social media on smartphones at critical moments when the brain is changing may cause problems. Amy Orben at the University of Cambridge surveyed 17,409 people aged 10-21, analyzing the relationship between social media use and life satisfaction. The findings show that girls who increased their social media use over the course of a year were significantly less satisfied if the increase took place when they were between 11 and 13. Boys showed the same trend when increases took place when they were 14 or 15 years old. How much of this will change by banning phones in schools is unclear. Victoria Goodyear at Britain’s University of Birmingham compared the mental well-being of students in schools that implemented restrictive smartphone policies with those with relaxed policies. She also monitored overall screentime. Her results show that, while those who spent more time on a smartphone overall did have a decline in mental well-being, there was no difference between the two groups. She and her colleagues argue that setting up policies at schools alone is simply not enough. 32．How is the second paragraph mainly developed? A．By analyzing causes. B．By listing data. C．By following time order. D．By examining differences. 33．What does the underlined word “plague” most likely mean? A．Improve. B．Affect. C．Cure. D．Ignore. 34．What can we infer from Orben’s research? A．Smartphones cause great harm to teenagers’ brain. B．Ages make a difference to teenagers’ understanding of life. C．Girls are more likely to be affected by social media than boys. D．Unrestricted social media use leads to a decline in life satisfaction. 35．What is Goodyear’s attitude to banning smartphones in schools? A．Supportive. B．Indifferent. C．Skeptical. D．Critical. （五）（2025届湖北省高中名校联盟） In the future, discovering old digital records, such as floppy disks or VHS tapes, could lead to both excitement and disappointment. While these physical items may still exist, it would be difficult to find devices to access their information. This contrasts with older items, like letters and photographs, which are immediately accessible to anyone with eyes. Digital technology has greatly expanded our ability to store information, but the challenge is how long this information will remain accessible. In the context of found digital media, the problem is not the longevity of the records themselves but the lack of suitable devices to read them. Most software and apps used to create documents and websites in the past are already outdated, and in the future, they may no longer be available. The issue is even more complicated with interactive apps and websites, which may be inaccessible in the distant future. Vint Cerf, a Google vice president, warns that if no action is taken, future generations might view our era as the “digital dark ages.” He uses the term “bit rot” to describe how digital records may slowly become inaccessible. Many experts, including computer scientist Mahadev Satyanarayanan, are working to find solutions. Satyanarayanan has developed a method to store digital records along with the original operating systems and applications in the cloud, preserving them for future access. Both Cerf and Satyanarayanan emphasize the need for careful preservation of digital records. Unlike physical items like photographs, where the decision to save or remove is less critical, digital records require active decisions about what to keep. Satyanarayanan believes important records, such as government documents or major news stories, will likely be moved to new forms of storage technology. However, the records of everyday life — the ones we do not yet recognize as valuable — may be at risk of disappearing into the digital dark ages. 8．What is the main problem with old digital records? A．Their physical durability. B．Lack of matching devices. C．Unreadability of records. D．Limited storage capacity. 9．What does the author want to explain by mentioning the term “bit rot” in paragraph 3? A．The leak of digital data. B．The poor shift in cloud data. C．Stored data damage. D．Loss of data access. 10．Which might be the outcome for important records according to Satyanarayanan? A．Gradually losing them. B．Randomly preserving them. C．Physically storing them. D．Potentially relocating them. 11．What is the author’s attitude toward the preservation of digital records? A．Concerned. B．Tolerant. C．Supportive. D．Optimistic. （六）（2025届湖北省黄冈市学海园大联考） Do you move at every opportunity, or are you more of a sofa potato? Many of us sit for long at work or enjoy a good Netflix film in our downtime. But, this all means that we don’t move as much as we should for health. A new study published in Jama International Medicine confirms that the more you walk, the lower your risk of cancer and other conditions. Quality is important, too. The higher the intensity of steps, the better the overall benefits of the exercise. There is a warning, however. The advantages of walking seem to level out once you’ve done around 10,000 steps. So should we be aiming to walk this amount every day? The general view is that keeping your step count up is ultimately better for your body. The same study found that the people who take 10,000 steps have a lower risk of cancer than those who take 8,000. But our bodies are not perfect machines, and we have the complexities of genetics and other lifestyle factors to contend with. Additionally, it’s not as simple as that your health drops with step less than 10,000, or over that number, your health keeps increasing. And step counts above 10,000 have a similar risk and health benefit as hitting it, so you don’t have to push yourself to do much more than that. A similar study found that our risk of dementia also decreases with the more steps we take every day. The people who took 3,800 steps had roughly half the reduced risk for dementia as people who took 9,800 steps. For those who are too comfortable on the couch, even the lower number would be an excellent step count to aim for as a start. So make sure you get up and take movement breaks during your day — even if it’s walking to the kitchen to get a cup of coffee. It’s not just the routine 30 minutes of scheduled exercise that keeps us healthy. As science has shown, it’s every step that counts. 8．What can be inferred from the passage about people who are “sofa potatoes”? A．They are at a risk of health problems. B．They cannot benefit from walking, C．They are more likely to watch Netflix. D．They aim for at least 10,000 steps every day. 9．How do people usually find the relationship between step count and health benefits? A．The less you walk, the lower risk of cancer. B．The more steps taken, the better for health. C．A lot of factors play a role in step for health. D．Only scheduled steps count for health benefit. 10．What does the example of the risk of dementia in paragraph 4 show? A．Taking 9,800 steps can completely prevent dementia. B．Even a relatively small increase in step count can be beneficial. C．People who take 3,800 steps have no risk of dementia. D．The risk of dementia is only related to the number of steps. 11．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A．The Magic Number: 10,000 Steps B．Steps: More Than Just a Form of Exercise C．Couch Potatoes vs. Fitness Enthusiasts D．The Link Between Steps and Health: Inseparable （七）（2025届湖北省新八校协作体） The flattened bodies of cockroaches (蟑螂) can get into places that no human can, without leaving a trace. They’ll eat just about anything, and they’re near indestructible. All these qualities make them the perfect choice for search-and-rescue operations. That’s why a team from a famous university in Asia decided that cyborg cockroaches would be a good idea. The concept involves combining the best of both worlds: the organic cockroach body, fine-tuned across millions of years of evolution to navigate small spaces and unfriendly environments, guided to a target destination of human choosing by a few electronic pushes from a high-tech backpack. “The creation of a functioning robot on a small scale is challenging; we wanted to sidestep this obstacle by keeping things simple,” explains the lead researcher Mochammad Ariyanto. “By simply attaching electronic devices to insects, we can avoid the finer details of robotics engineering and focus on achieving our goals.” Let’s be honest: even the most advanced robots are pretty junky when it comes to movement. There’s a level of detail to animal motion that our best auto robots haven’t even begun to crack. That becomes especially apparent when it comes to vertical (垂直的) navigation: many robots can easily be undone by a simple staircase. A cockroach, on the other hand, can climb walls, scale perimeters, pass through pipes, and even tolerate low-oxygen environments. The authors hope to mount the cockroaches with sensors to guide them and these bug-bots could be used to inspect the dangerous ruins left in the wake of war and natural disaster, and even detect survivors and rescue workers in trouble. They can send back data on places unfit for humans: the narrow pipes of buildings, deep tunnels underground, and sensitive cultural heritage sites. “I believe our cyborg insects can achieve objectives with less effort and power than purely mechanical robots,” says Ariyanto, “Our autonomous bio-hybrid navigation system overcomes problems that have traditionally challenged robots, such as recovering from falling. This is what is needed for stepping outside the laboratory and into real-life scenarios like wilderness.” Of course, it’s unclear how the cockroaches feel about all this. 28．What is a cyborg cockroach? A．A robot designed to copy a cockroach. B．A cockroach with enhanced genetic features. C．A robot remotely controlled by a cockroach. D．A cockroach equipped with an electronic device. 29．What is a cockroach’s advantage over a robot? A．Flattened body. B．Indestructible quality. C．Animal motion. D．Low-oxygen tolerance. 30．What are the bug-bots expected to do? A．Stop wars from happening. B．Inspect reasons for natural disasters. C．Solve problems facing robots in the lab. D．Send information from unfriendly places. 31．What is the author’s tongue like at the end of the text? A．Concerned. B．Humorous. C．Optimistic. D．Critical. （八）（2025届浙江省金华十校联考） Neighboring groups of birds within the same species can create very different-looking nests — showing that their nest-building choices aren’t only controlled by instinct (本能) and the environment. Instead, these birds seem to learn rules for nest-making that get passed down within a family group from generation to generation. That’s the conclusion of researchers who studied nearly 450 grassy structures built over two years by white-browed sparrow weavers living in the Kalahari Desert in South Africa. These small, brown-and-white birds live in groups, and it turns out that groups of birds that lived quite near to each other built distinctive architectural forms. The biggest difference was in “how short or long the structures are,” says study lead author Maria C． Tello-Ramos, a cognitive ecologist at the University of Hull in England. Furthermore, each group maintained the same architectural style over time— and when outsiders joined, they adapted to this style. To examine what might account for the observed differences, the team carefully analyzed factors that can determine a nest’s size and shape for a given bird species: weather conditions, tree height, individuals’ body size and genetic (基因的) relatedness. Yet none of these factors seemed to play a relevant role in shaping how the Kalahari sparrows built their nests, the researchers report in Science. “Then we say, ‘Okay, so what is left?’ ” Tello-Ramos explains. She and her colleagues proposed that cultural transmission (传输) might be key to nest building. “In our paper, we haven’t gotten there yet with experiments, but we have very good clues that that might be it, ” she says. “These are important questions that are understudied, ” says Christina Riehl, an evolutionary biologist. She’s not convinced the study’s data are enough to fully rule out genetic influence. “They can’t actually look at the effect of, say, genetic differences, because they don’t have really good genetic information on all the individuals in these groups,” she says. “I think there’s a lot left to be done, and I think this paper will inspire future research in a really good way. ” 28．What plays a key role in birds’ nest-building choices according to the new study? A．Living conditions. B．Group traditions. C．The influence of neighbors. D．The species of birds. 29．What do we know about the nests built by neighboring groups of birds? A．They are modeled after each other. B．They are made of different materials. C．They vary most significantly in length. D．They share the same architectural style. 30．How did Tello-Ramos and his colleagues reach the study conclusion? A．Through statistical methods. B．Through careful experiments. C．By excluding other possible factors. D．By reviewing findings of previous studies. 31．What does Christina Riehl think of the study? A．Limited but inspiring. B．Understudied and misleading. C．Controversial but well-designed. D．Convincing and groundbreaking. （九）（2025届浙江省强基联盟） Planetary geoarchaeology (地质考古学), the study of how cultural and natural processes on Earth’s moon, on Mars, and throughout the solar system may be changing, preserving, or erasing the material record of space exploration, has been proposed by two researchers from the Kansas Geological Survey at the University of Kansas and their colleagues as a new scientific subfield. “Until recently, we might consider the material left behind during the space race of the mid-20th century as relatively safe, "said Justin Holcomb, researcher at the Kansas Geological Survey. “However, the material record that currently exists on the moon is rapidly becoming at risk of being destroyed if proper attention isn’t paid during the new space era.” Applying geoarchaeological tools and methods to the movement of people into space and the solar system is a natural extension of the study of human migration on Earth, the focus of the ODYSSEY Archaeological Research Program directed by Holcomb’s co-author, Rolfe Mandel. How planetary geoarchaeologists will determine whether an item is worth preserving is an open question. “We feel that all material currently existing on extraterrestrial (地球外的) surfaces is space heritage and worthy of protection, ”Holcomb said. “However, some sites,  such as the very first footprints on the moon represent the material footprint of a long history of migration. ”Beyond those“firsts”, making decisions on a case-by-case basis will be necessary to sort through the tens of thousands of pieces of debris (残骸) now in orbit or dropped across the surfaces of the moon and Mars, which many people refer to as “trash” but Holcomb and his colleagues see as heritage. Holcomb thinks geoarchaeologists ought to be a part of upcoming NASA missions to ensure the security and preservation of space history. As for being part of a space mission himself? “I’ll leave that to other geoarchaeologists,” Holcomb said. “There’s plenty to do down here, but I do hope to see an archaeologist in space before it’s all over.” 12．Why has planetary geoarchaeology been proposed? A．To protect space heritage. B．To study the solar system. C．To resist space exploration. D．To found a scientific field. 13．What do we know about the material record of space? A．It threatens the movement of people into space. B．It is the main focus of the ODYSSEY Program. C．It shows the whole process of human migration. D．It is not as safe as expected in the new space era. 14．What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about? A．The methods of classifying space trash. B．The first footprints on the moon and Mars. C．The question of planetary geoarchaeologists. D．The discussion on identifying space heritage. 15．What does Holcomb suggest other geoarchaeologists do? A．Learn from scientists like him. B．Lead upcoming NASA missions. C．Participate in space exploration. D．Ensure the security of astronauts. （十）（浙江省名校新高考研究联盟） More than 1, 000 metres below the surface of the oceans, darkness dominates. Marine creatures rely on sound for navigation, communication, and searching for food. However, this way of life has come under threat from shipping, contributing to a rise in underwater volume of approximately 3.3 decibels (分贝) per decade. The trend shows little sign of levelling off. With roughly 90% of trade relying on shipping, quieting the ocean through reductions in shipping itself is untenable . While efficiency improvements of shipping may cut noise, experts say more is needed. That is why technologies like modified propellers (螺旋桨) and noise-reducing materials are being developed to help humans and marine life coexist. Much of the underwater noise a ship produces comes from its propeller. Spinning blades (桨叶) create low pressure, causing the water to boil and produce bubbles, a process known as cavitation (空化现象). When those bubbles collapse, a low-frequency noise is produced, disrupting the movements of marine lives. One solution, being developed by researchers at the University of British Columbia, integrates flexible polymers (聚合物) into the metal propeller blades, allowing their tips to bend and twist. This movement prevents bubbles from forming and thereby reduces the noise the blades produce. Based on simulations, the design could reduce cavitation noise by 20 decibels. Dr Jaiman says researchers intend to start testing a model next year. Cavitation can also be reduced by increasing the number of bubbles, rather than reducing them. Researchers at MARIN, a Dutch research institute, have blown bubbles onto a propeller’s blades, which can dampen the resulting noise. Model-scale tests of this system showed a 12-decibel decrease in low-frequency noise. But shipping noise does not come only from the propeller, with roughly 20% coming from engines and generators. To reduce this, MARIN researchers have experimented with a bubble screen generated from tubes positioned in belts around the outside of the ship. These bubbles prevent noise from spreading. 28．Which best explains the underlined word “untenable” in paragraph 2? A．Impractical. B．Unavailable. C．Unstable. D．Immeasurable. 29．What is the main source of underwater noise from ships? A．The spinning blades. B．The process of cavitation. C．The engines and generators. D．The bubbles generated by ships. 30．What solution is being developed at MARIN? A．Boosting ship efficiency. B．Creating flexible blade tips. C．Generating more bubbles on blades. D．Using quieter engines and generators. 31．What’s the passage mainly about? A．Strategies to prevent ships from making noise. B．Innovations to minimize underwater ship noise. C．Adapted propeller designs to restore undersea quiet. D．Negative impacts of underwater noise on marine life. （十一）（2025届浙江省北斗星盟） Google Shopping is transforming the way people discover and purchase fashion items by integrating advanced AI tools that make shopping more intuitive and personalized. Every day, over a billion shopping searches occur on Google, yet more than half of shoppers report difficulties finding products that match their specific vision—whether it’s a “colorful midi dress with big daisies” or “tailored wide-leg trousers.” To bridge this gap, Google has rolled out innovative features designed to enhance product discovery and decision-making. One standout feature is Vision Match, now available to all mobile users in the U. S. This tool allows shoppers to describe their ideal item in detail—such as “strapless satin evening gown with lace trim”—and generate AI-powered visual suggestions. By selecting the “Can’t find it? Create it!” option or using the “Create & shop” button in the Shopping tab, users receive tailored recommendations that bring their fashion ideas to life. The feature not only displays AI-generated images but also surfaces similar purchasable products from various retailers. Another key advancement is the expanded virtual try-on tool, which now includes pants, skirts, and dresses in addition to tops. When browsing items labeled with a “try on” badge, shoppers can see how garments fit on real models representing a wide range of body types, from XXS to XXL. Google’s improved machine learning models even generate complete outfit previews, pairing selected bottoms with complementary tops and shoes for a realistic styling experience. This helps users visualize how pieces will look in real life, reducing uncertainty and boosting confidence in their purchases. By combining AI-generated visuals, precise search matching, and immersive try-on capabilities, Google Shopping is addressing common frustrations in online fashion retail. These tools aim to replicate (复制) the in-store experience of exploring styles and assessing fit, all within a digital platform. While currently limited to the U. S. market, these innovations signal a shift toward more interactive, user-centric e-commerce—one where finding the perfect item is as simple as describing it or seeing it worn before clicking “buy”. 32．What is the main purpose of Google Shopping’s new AI tools? A．To favor certain retailers. B．To replace human designers. C．To decrease search numbers. D．To enhance shopping experience. 33．How does the “Vision Match” feature work? A．By completing purchases automatically. B．By generating AI-based visual suggestions. C．By enabling custom clothing design services. D．By displaying only partnered brands’ products. 34．What is a key benefit of the virtual try-on tool? A．It displays clothing fit on diverse body types. B．It provides discounts for trying items virtually. C．It automatically creates outfits from different stores. D．It allows users to redesign clothes before purchasing. 35．What future trend does Google Shopping’s AI signal? A．More physical stores. B．Less product details. C．Fewer global markets. D．Interactive online shopping. （十二）（2025届江苏省南通市等苏北七市） To see Garnett Puett’s latest sculpture at the Hammer Museum, you have to enter a dark room protected by a series of heavy curtains. Inside, glowing red light lights up a glass cage. Within the cage are three human figures with a large group of insects crawling over them. The bees move slowly over the faces of the figures. The colony of bees is so thick in places, it looks like fur (毛皮) growing on the statue — fur that moves. “Woah.” “I’ve never seen.” Visitors say as they enter the silent room. Puett has been making his “apisculptures”, using metal, beeswax (蜂蜡) and colonies of live bees, for four decades now. It’s art with a purpose: Puett wants to remind viewers of the power and creativity of bees, whose survival is under threat around the world. “It’s sort of subconscious advertising,” Puett said. “Bees are good.” In the 1980s, when Puett’s bee sculptures first became an art world hit, people just thought he was a guy playing with bees. Actually, his use of bees came from a deep family tradition. He grew up as a fourth-generation beekeeper, whose family had worked with bees since the 1700s. His great-grandfather raised queen bees, passing the business down to his son and grandson. Puett worked on those farms as a teenager, starting with the simplest tasks. His bee farm experience has resulted in precision in the art he makes with bee colonies. In the four decades since, the eco-artist withdrew somewhat from the art world. He moved to Hawaii, where he and his family have spent three decades running an organic honey farm. The work is challenging and labor intensive. That work has put him on the frontlines of dealing with threats to bee populations. Foreign species have killed numerous bees on his family’s farm, shrinking the number of surviving beehives (蜂巢) from 4,000 to about 2,000 in the past 15 years. “People used to call me up really mad saying words I can’t repeat if the hives were bothering them,” relates Puett with a laugh. “But since we lost half the bee population within two years, people are more aware of their importance and are far more understanding and appreciative. That’s been the one bright side to all this difficulty.” 24．What do visitors think of Puett’s bee sculpture? A．It is cruel. B．It is creative. C．It is educational. D．It is frightening. 25．Why did Puett make his “apisculptures”? A．To advocate for bees through art. B．To commercialize his bee products. C．To offer a shelter for threatened bees. D．To illustrate a new method of sculpture. 26．What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about? A．A background in bee art. B．The history of beekeeping. C．Bee-themed activities for kids. D．Four generations under one roof. 27．What was the impact of the bee population loss? A．Puett downsized his beekeeping. B．People became tolerant of Puett. C．Puett shifted his focus to his sculptures. D．Public perception of bees has been improved. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题04阅读理解说明文（上） 目录 （一）（2025届大教育山东联盟） （二）（2025届广东省六校联考） （三）（2025届湖南省邵阳市大联考） （四）（2025届湖南省长沙市四大名校） （五）（2025届湖北省高中名校联盟） （六）（2025届湖北省黄冈市学海园大联考） （七）（2025届湖北省新八校协作体） （八）（2025届浙江省金华十校联考） （九）（2025届浙江省强基联盟） （十）（浙江省名校新高考研究联盟） （十一）（2025届浙江省北斗星盟） （十二）（2025届江苏省南通市等苏北七市） （一）（2025届大教育山东联盟） What’s the secret to a thriving garden? Sunlight and water, of course. And, it turns out that another surprising ingredient can help grow happy, healthy plants: music! According to a study published in Frontiers in Plant Science, music has the potential to stimulate plant growth, and even the type of music can have a different impact on plants. The sound vibrations (振动) may stimulate cellular (细胞的) processes like nutrient transport that encourage healthier plants. Plants don’t hear sound like humans do, but they can feel vibrations from sound and respond positively to certain types of music, according to a study published in Nature. The study showed that plants exposed to music grow faster, with taller stems, larger blooms, and healthier leaves. As for plants’ favorite music, “Gardening guru” Chris Beardshaw found that playing heavy metal music, like Black Sabbath, boosts plant growth, producing shorter plants with larger, more disease-resistant flowers. Beardshaw conducted a greenhouse experiment comparing music types. He discovered that classical music slightly improved growth, while rock and roll singer Cliff Richard’s music led to plant dying. The loud, rhythmic energy of heavy metal music proved most effective for blooms, suggesting an unexpected link between head-banging music and plant health. Overall, findings seem to demonstrate that plants prefer more rhythmic types, especially classical and heavy metal. According to the garden company Moana Nursery, classical music seems to work wonders to keep stomata (气孔) open longer, enhancing air intake. Heavy metal music appears to stimulate even greater growth. However, understanding plants’ music preference can be tricky. It can depend on all sorts of variables like plant types, music styles, and environmental factors. Some critics add that more research with stricter controls needs to be done in order to establish a connection between music and plant growth. The improvements in plant health observed during these studies could also be caused by better plant care and attentive behavior from caretakers. 8．What is the study published in Frontiers in Plant Science about? A．Sunlight and water are key to gardens. B．Healthy plants lie in happy caretakers. C．Plants listening to music grow better. D．Cellular growth is from sound vibrations. 9．What does “Gardening guru” Chris Beardshaw’s research focus on? A．What type of music plants prefer. B．When heavy metal music is played. C．Whether plant growth can be boosted. D．How shorter plants produce larger flowers. 10．How did Chris Beardshaw make the discovery? A．By comparing former records. B．By listening to various music types. C．By analyzing music and plant health. D．By making a greenhouse experiment. 11．What do we know from the last paragraph? A．Better plants only result from playing music. B．More factors contribute to plant improvements. C．Certain plant types prefer certain music styles. D．Plants’ music preference comes down to a joke. 【答案】8．C 9．C 10．D 11．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了音乐对植物生长的影响，以及不同类型音乐对植物生长的具体作用。 8．细节理解题。根据第二段“According to a study published in Frontiers in Plant Science, music has the potential to stimulate plant growth, and even the type of music can have a different impact on plants.(根据发表在《植物科学前沿》上的一项研究，音乐有潜力刺激植物生长，甚至音乐的类型也会对植物产生不同的影响)”可知，这项研究发现听音乐的植物生长得更好的。故选C。 9．细节理解题。根据第四段“As for plants’ favorite music, “Gardening guru” Chris Beardshaw found that playing heavy metal music, like Black Sabbath, boosts plant growth, producing shorter plants with larger, more disease-resistant flowers.(至于植物最喜欢的音乐，“园艺大师”克里斯·比尔兹肖发现，播放像黑色安息日这样的重金属音乐可以促进植物生长，产生更矮的植物，但花朵更大、更抗病)”可知，他的研究重点是植物生长是否可以被促进。故选C。 10．细节理解题。根据第五段“Beardshaw conducted a greenhouse experiment comparing music types.(比尔兹肖进行了一项温室实验，比较了不同类型的音乐)”可知，克里斯·比尔兹肖是通过进行温室实验发现这一点的。故选D。 11．推理判断题。根据最后一段“It can depend on all sorts of variables like plant types, music styles, and environmental factors. Some critics add that more research with stricter controls needs to be done in order to establish a connection between music and plant growth. The improvements in plant health observed during these studies could also be caused by better plant care and attentive behavior from caretakers.(这可能取决于各种变量，如植物类型、音乐风格和环境因素。一些评论家补充说，为了建立音乐和植物生长之间的联系，需要进行更严格的控制研究。在这些研究中观察到的植物健康状况的改善也可能是由于更好的护理和照料者的细心行为)”可知，更多的因素促成了植物的改善，而非仅仅是音乐。故选B。 （二）（2025届广东省六校联考） The idea that we need to eat meat to get enough protein and iron, a false assumption of some Paleo diet advocates, is a common misconception. It ignores the abundance of protein and iron in many plant-based foods such as nuts and seeds. Likewise, while we typically associate omega-3 fatty acids with fish, fish themselves incorporate these into their tissue by eating seaweed, which we can consume directly without the concerns of exposure to microplastics in fish flesh. Evidently, significantly reducing our consumption of meat would carry vast benefits. Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death around the world. Eating highly processed foods and red meat has been repeatedly demonstrated to promote underlying mechanisms of cancer and cardiovascular disease, such as inflammation (炎症) and damage to the lining of blood vessels. In addition to harming ourselves, eating meat harms others. Factory farming practices often imply unspeakable cruelty to animals, and working conditions for human laborers are often unsafe and inhumane as well. Overcrowding of livestock and workers promotes the spread of disease among both people and animals, putting us all at risk for future pandemics. The overuse of “routine” antibiotics to accelerate animal growth and precautiously treat the infections anticipated as a result of living in unclean and overcrowded conditions can promote antibiotic resistance. While large-scale, well-organized national and international action is undoubtedly needed to fight unscrupulous factory farming practices—and to ensure the availability of nutritious and healthy food for all citizens, those with greater influence, such as physicians, educators and policy makers, should consider the importance of acting as role models for healthy behaviors themselves as well as advocating for policies that ensure better nutritional access and education for others. All of these should not be excuses for individuals to resist carrying out change in their own lives and communities. Societies change when enough individuals within them alter their behavior, and it is up to each of us to act as a change agent in whatever capacity we can. We would all be well served to pull this means in our own lives as well. 12．What challenges a common belief about meat consumption? A．Microplastics make fish a poor omega-3 source. B．Meat is not essential for obtaining key nutrients. C．Nuts and seeds lack sufficient nutrients to replace meat. D．Plant-based foods cannot provide enough protein and iron. 13．What can be implied from factory farming practices? A．They are technologically advanced. B．They are morally questionable. C．They are environmentally unfriendly. D．They are economically efficient. 14．What does the author emphasize about societal change? A．Governments must lead policy reforms. B．International action will solve challenges. C．Individuals should initiate behavioral shifts. D．Role models must play vital role in education. 15．Which best describes the article's structure? A．Comparative study. B．Time order. C．Cause-effect. D．Problem-solution. 【答案】12．B 13．B 14．C 15．D 【导语】本文是说明文。文章指出需要吃肉才能获得足够的蛋白质和铁是错误的观点，并分析了不恰当食用肉类会带来的危害以及肉类养殖产业现存的问题，提出了全社会和个人都应该采取行动来推动社会变革的解决办法。 12．细节理解题。根据第一段“The idea that we need to eat meat to get enough protein and iron, a false assumption of some Paleo diet advocates, is a common misconception. It ignores the abundance of protein and iron in many plant-based foods such as nuts and seeds.(我们需要吃肉来获得足够的蛋白质和铁，这是一些古代饮食倡导者的错误假设，是一种常见的误解。它忽略了许多植物性食物（如坚果和种子）中丰富的蛋白质和铁。)”可知，人们普遍认为肉类是获得主要营养物质所必需的食物，但这是一种误解，实际上许多植物性食物中也含有丰富的蛋白质和铁这样关键营养物质，所以肉类并不是获取关键营养物质的必需品。故选B。 13．细节理解题。根据第二段“Factory farming practices often imply unspeakable cruelty to animals, and working conditions for human laborers are often unsafe and inhumane as well.(工厂化农场的做法往往意味着对动物难以形容的残酷，而人类劳工的工作条件往往也不安全和不人道。)”可知，工厂化农场的做法暗示了他们有违道德标准，在道德上令人质疑。故选B。 14．细节理解题。根据最后一段“All of these should not be excuses for individuals to resist carrying out change in their own lives and communities. Societies change when enough individuals within them alter their behavior, and it is up to each of us to act as a change agent in whatever capacity we can.(所有这些都不应该成为个人拒绝在自己的生活和社区中进行变革的借口。当社会中有足够多的人改变他们的行为时，社会就会改变，我们每个人都应该尽我们所能成为变革的推动者。)”可知，作者强调了每个人都应该改变自己的行为，尽自己所能推动社会变革。故选C。 15．推理判断题。文章第一段“The idea that we need to eat meat to get enough protein and iron, a false assumption of some Paleo diet advocates, is a common misconception.(我们需要吃肉来获得足够的蛋白质和铁，这是一些古代饮食倡导者的错误假设，是一种常见的误解。)”提出了人们对于吃肉才能 获取关键营养物质的误解的问题；第二段“Eating highly processed foods and red meat has been repeatedly demonstrated to promote underlying mechanisms of cancer and cardiovascular disease, such as inflammation (炎症) and damage to the lining of blood vessels. In addition to harming ourselves, eating meat harms others.(食用高度加工的食品和红肉已多次被证明会促进癌症和心血管疾病的潜在机制，如炎症和血管内膜损伤。吃肉除了伤害自己，也伤害其他人。)”分析了食用加工食品和红肉的危害，指出了现存的问题；第四段“While large-scale, well-organized national and international action is undoubtedly needed to fight unscrupulous factory farming practices—and to ensure the availability of nutritious and healthy food for all citizens, those with greater influence, such as physicians, educators and policy makers, should consider the importance of acting as role models for healthy behaviors themselves as well as advocating for policies that ensure better nutritional access and education for others.(虽然毫无疑问需要大规模、组织良好的国家和国际行动来打击肆无忌惮的工厂化养殖做法，并确保所有公民都能获得营养和健康的食物，但那些有更大影响力的人，如医生、教育工作者和政策制定者，应该考虑到自己作为健康行为榜样的重要性，以及倡导确保他人获得更好营养和教育的政策。)”和最后一段“All of these should not be excuses for individuals to resist carrying out change in their own lives and communities. Societies change when enough individuals within them alter their behavior, and it is up to each of us to act as a change agent in whatever capacity we can.(所有这些都不应该成为个人拒绝在自己的生活和社区中进行变革的借口。当社会中有足够多的人改变他们的行为时，社会就会改变，我们每个人都应该尽我们所能成为变革的推动者。)”提出了解决办法，国家和个人都应该采取行动促进社会变革。故本文结构是先提出问题，再指出解决办法。故选D。 （三）（2025届湖南省邵阳市大联考） A study published on July 3 in the journal PLOS ONE set out to explore whether Chat GPT could outshine humans in the field of joke-telling. Drew Gorenz, a social psychology doctoral candidate, explained that the research aimed to determine if artificial intelligence could outwit humans when it came to making people laugh. In the first study, 105 participants and Chat GPT were each given three tasks, with three prompts for each task. They were asked to create humorous phrases for common acronyms, come up with funny answers for fill-in-the-blank phrases, and compose “roast jokes.” The 105 participants generated over 945 jokes, while Chat GPT produced 180. Another group of participants then rated the funniness of these jokes without knowing their authors. Surprisingly, nearly 70% of them found ChatGPT-generated jokes funnier than those made by humans. Only about 25% thought human-crafted jokes were better, and around 5% considered both equally funny. To further test Chat GPT’s humor-generating ability, researchers conducted a second study. They asked Chat GPT to create new headlines in the satirical style of The Onion, using the original The Onion headlines as references. Then, 200 participants rated the funniness of both the original The Onion headlines and the Chat GPT-generated ones. The result showed that Chat GPT’s headlines were regarded as equally funny as the original ones. Gorenz, an amateur stand-up comedian, got the idea for this study from the ongoing debate in the entertainment world about the use of large language models like Chat GPT. With Hollywood writers and actors striking due to concerns that such models threaten their jobs, art, and creativity, the study has significant implications. For ordinary people, Chat GPT can add humor to daily conversations. However, for professional comedy writers, large language models pose a serious employment threat. Whether AI will have the last laugh in the field of humor creation remains an open question. 32．In the first study, how many prompts did Chat GPT receive in total? A．9. B．3. C．6. D．20. 33．Why did the author mention the Hollywood strikes? A．To show the popularity of Chat GPT in the entertainment industry. B．To explain the background and significance of the study. C．To prove that AI has no negative impact on the entertainment industry. D．To encourage more people to support the striking writers and actors. 34．What does the phrase “have the last laugh” in the last paragraph mean? A．Be the ultimate winner. B．Stop laughing finally. C．Laugh at others rudely. D．Tell the funniest joke. 35．Which of the following can best summarize the passage? A．Hollywood strikes are caused by the development of AI. B．Chat GPT is applied in daily communication. C．There are differences between Chat GPT and professional comedy writers. D．A study finds Chat GPT funnier than humans in humor creation and its implications. 【答案】32．A 33．B 34．A 35．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文主要介绍了一项研究发现Chat GPT在幽默创作方面比人类更有趣，并探讨了其影响。 32．细节理解题。根据第二段“In the first study, 105 participants and Chat GPT were each given three tasks, with three prompts for each task.(在第一项研究中，105名参与者和Chat GPT分别被分配了三个任务，每个任务有三个提示)”可知，Chat GPT在第一项研究中总共收到了3个任务×3个提示/任务=9个提示。故选A。 33．推理判断题。根据最后一段“With Hollywood writers and actors striking due to concerns that such models threaten their jobs, art, and creativity, the study has significant implications.(由于担心这些模型威胁到他们的工作、艺术和创造力，好莱坞的编剧和演员纷纷罢工，这项研究具有重要意义)”可知，作者提到好莱坞罢工是为了解释研究的背景和意义。故选B。 34．词句猜测题。根据上文“For ordinary people, Chat GPT can add humor to daily conversations. However, for professional comedy writers, large language models pose a serious employment threat.(对于普通人而言，Chat GPT 能够为日常对话增添幽默元素。然而，对于职业喜剧编剧来说，大型语言模型构成了严重的就业威胁)”可知，职业喜剧编剧来说，大型语言模型构成了严重的就业威胁。结合“remains an open question”可知，人工智能是否会成为最终的赢家，仍是一个悬而未决的问题。由此可知，have the last laugh意为“成为最终的赢家”。故选A。 35．主旨大意题。根据第一段“A study published on July 3 in the journal PLOS ONE set out to explore whether Chat GPT could outshine humans in the field of joke-telling.(7月3日发表在《公共科学图书馆·综合》杂志上的一项研究旨在探讨Chat GPT在讲笑话方面是否能超越人类)”，第二段和第三段分别介绍了这项研究的两个实验及其结果，最后一段“For ordinary people, Chat GPT can add humor to daily conversations. However, for professional comedy writers, large language models pose a serious employment threat.(对于普通人来说，Chat GPT可以为日常对话增添幽默感。然而，对于专业喜剧编剧来说，大型语言模型对他们的就业构成了严重威胁)”可知，本文主要介绍了一项研究发现Chat GPT在幽默创作方面比人类更有趣，并探讨了其影响。故选D。 （四）（2025届湖南省长沙市四大名校） France banned smartphones in primary and secondary schools in 2018 to improve focus, reduce social media exposure, and control cyberbullying. Following this, the Netherlands and Hungary introduced similar bans in 2024, while the UK debates comparable legislation. The critical debate centers on whether such bans meaningfully enhance students’ mental health. The urgency is undeniable. A 2021 U.S. Surgeon General report documented a 40% surge in persistent hopelessness among American high schoolers between 2009 and 2019. The number who seriously considered killing themselves went up by 36%. What makes these findings all the worse is that 48% of mental-health problems (like depression and anxiety) that emerge during adolescence will plague people for the rest of their lives. It is tempting to connect these trends with the increased availability of smartphones, but establishing a causal connection is difficult. The brain undergoes profound changes during adolescence, meaning that any research on the effects of smartphone use needs to consider the developmental age of the children being studied as well as their precise smartphone habits. Some studies reveal that unfettered (不受限制的) access to social media on smartphones at critical moments when the brain is changing may cause problems. Amy Orben at the University of Cambridge surveyed 17,409 people aged 10-21, analyzing the relationship between social media use and life satisfaction. The findings show that girls who increased their social media use over the course of a year were significantly less satisfied if the increase took place when they were between 11 and 13. Boys showed the same trend when increases took place when they were 14 or 15 years old. How much of this will change by banning phones in schools is unclear. Victoria Goodyear at Britain’s University of Birmingham compared the mental well-being of students in schools that implemented restrictive smartphone policies with those with relaxed policies. She also monitored overall screentime. Her results show that, while those who spent more time on a smartphone overall did have a decline in mental well-being, there was no difference between the two groups. She and her colleagues argue that setting up policies at schools alone is simply not enough. 32．How is the second paragraph mainly developed? A．By analyzing causes. B．By listing data. C．By following time order. D．By examining differences. 33．What does the underlined word “plague” most likely mean? A．Improve. B．Affect. C．Cure. D．Ignore. 34．What can we infer from Orben’s research? A．Smartphones cause great harm to teenagers’ brain. B．Ages make a difference to teenagers’ understanding of life. C．Girls are more likely to be affected by social media than boys. D．Unrestricted social media use leads to a decline in life satisfaction. 35．What is Goodyear’s attitude to banning smartphones in schools? A．Supportive. B．Indifferent. C．Skeptical. D．Critical. 【答案】32．B 33．B 34．D 35．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了法国、荷兰和匈牙利等国家在学校禁止使用智能手机的情况，以及这种禁令是否能有效改善学生的心理健康。 32．推理判断题。根据第二段“A 2021 U.S. Surgeon General report documented a 40% surge in persistent hopelessness among American high schoolers between 2009 and 2019. The number who seriously considered killing themselves went up by 36%.(2021年美国卫生局局长的一份报告显示，2009年至2019年间，美国高中生持续绝望的比例上升了40%。认真考虑自杀的人数上升了36%。)”可知，第二段通过列举数据来展开论述。故选B。 33．词句猜测题。根据第二段“A 2021 U.S. Surgeon General report documented a 40% surge in persistent hopelessness among American high schoolers between 2009 and 2019. The number who seriously considered killing themselves went up by 36%. What makes these findings all the worse is that 48% of mental-health problems (like depression and anxiety) that emerge during adolescence will plague people for the rest of their lives.(美国卫生局局长2021年发布的一份报告显示，在2009年至2019年期间，美国高中生中长期感到绝望的人数激增了40%。而认真考虑过自杀的学生人数则上升了36%。让这些发现更加糟糕的是，青春期出现的48%的心理健康问题（如抑郁和焦虑）将 plague 人们的余生。)”可知，青少年时期出现的心理健康问题（如抑郁、焦虑）会对人生产生长久影响。plague在此处意为 “困扰、影响”，与 affect”语义最接近。故选B。 34．推理判断题。根据第四段“The findings show that girls who increased their social media use over the course of a year were significantly less satisfied if the increase took place when they were between 11 and 13. Boys showed the same trend when increases took place when they were 14 or 15 years old.(研究结果表明，如果女孩在11岁到13岁之间增加社交媒体的使用量，她们的满意度会显著降低。男孩在14岁或15岁时增加社交媒体的使用量也表现出同样的趋势。)”可知，无限制地使用社交媒体会导致生活满意度下降。故选D。 35．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Her results show that, while those who spent more time on a smartphone overall did have a decline in mental well-being, there was no difference between the two groups. She and her colleagues argue that setting up policies at schools alone is simply not enough.(她的研究结果表明，虽然总体上花更多时间在智能手机上的人心理健康确实有所下降，但两组之间并没有差异。她和她的同事认为，仅仅在学校制定政策是不够的。)”可知，Goodyear对在学校禁止使用智能手机持怀疑态度。故选C。 （五）（2025届湖北省高中名校联盟） In the future, discovering old digital records, such as floppy disks or VHS tapes, could lead to both excitement and disappointment. While these physical items may still exist, it would be difficult to find devices to access their information. This contrasts with older items, like letters and photographs, which are immediately accessible to anyone with eyes. Digital technology has greatly expanded our ability to store information, but the challenge is how long this information will remain accessible. In the context of found digital media, the problem is not the longevity of the records themselves but the lack of suitable devices to read them. Most software and apps used to create documents and websites in the past are already outdated, and in the future, they may no longer be available. The issue is even more complicated with interactive apps and websites, which may be inaccessible in the distant future. Vint Cerf, a Google vice president, warns that if no action is taken, future generations might view our era as the “digital dark ages.” He uses the term “bit rot” to describe how digital records may slowly become inaccessible. Many experts, including computer scientist Mahadev Satyanarayanan, are working to find solutions. Satyanarayanan has developed a method to store digital records along with the original operating systems and applications in the cloud, preserving them for future access. Both Cerf and Satyanarayanan emphasize the need for careful preservation of digital records. Unlike physical items like photographs, where the decision to save or remove is less critical, digital records require active decisions about what to keep. Satyanarayanan believes important records, such as government documents or major news stories, will likely be moved to new forms of storage technology. However, the records of everyday life — the ones we do not yet recognize as valuable — may be at risk of disappearing into the digital dark ages. 8．What is the main problem with old digital records? A．Their physical durability. B．Lack of matching devices. C．Unreadability of records. D．Limited storage capacity. 9．What does the author want to explain by mentioning the term “bit rot” in paragraph 3? A．The leak of digital data. B．The poor shift in cloud data. C．Stored data damage. D．Loss of data access. 10．Which might be the outcome for important records according to Satyanarayanan? A．Gradually losing them. B．Randomly preserving them. C．Physically storing them. D．Potentially relocating them. 11．What is the author’s attitude toward the preservation of digital records? A．Concerned. B．Tolerant. C．Supportive. D．Optimistic. 【答案】8．B 9．D 10．D 11．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要探讨了未来保存旧数字记录（如软盘、VHS磁带等）面临的挑战，包括设备缺失、技术过时等问题，并介绍了专家提出的解决方案。 8．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“While these physical items may still exist, it would be difficult to find devices to access their information.(虽然这些实体物品可能仍然存在，但要找到能够读取其中信息的设备却很困难。)”以及第二段“In the context of found digital media, the problem is not the longevity of the records themselves but the lack of suitable devices to read them. (就找到的数字媒体而言，问题不在于这些记录本身的寿命，而在于缺少合适的设备来读取它们。)”可知，旧数字记录存在的主要问题是缺乏合适的设备来读取它们。故选B。 9．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“He uses the term “bit rot” to describe how digital records may slowly become inaccessible.(他使用“bit rot”这个术语来描述数字记录可能会逐渐变得无法访问的情况。)”可知，作者提到‘bit rot’这个术语是为了解释数字记录可能会逐渐变得无法访问，即数据访问的丧失。故选D。 10．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Satyanarayanan believes important records, such as government documents or major news stories, will likely be moved to new forms of storage technology.(Satyanarayanan认为，重要的记录，比如政府文件或重大新闻报道，很可能会被转移到新的存储技术中。)”可知，Satyanarayanan认为重要记录可能会被转移到新的存储技术中，即可能会把它们重新安置。故选D。 11．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“While these physical items may still exist, it would be difficult to find devices to access their information.(虽然这些实体物品可能仍然存在，但要找到能够读取其中信息的设备却很困难。)”以及第二段“Digital technology has greatly expanded our ability to store information, but the challenge is how long this information will remain accessible. In the context of found digital media, the problem is not the longevity of the records themselves but the lack of suitable devices to read them.(数字技术极大地拓展了我们存储信息的能力，但问题在于这些信息能够保持可访问状态的时间能有多久。就找到的数字媒体而言，问题不在于这些记录本身的寿命，而在于缺少合适的设备来读取它们。)”可知，作者提到旧数字记录面临缺乏读取设备、软件和应用程序过时等问题，还指出日常生活中的数字记录也面临风险，如逐渐变得无法访问等，这些都体现了作者对数字记录保存情况的担忧，所以作者的态度是担忧的。故选A。 （六）（2025届湖北省黄冈市学海园大联考） Do you move at every opportunity, or are you more of a sofa potato? Many of us sit for long at work or enjoy a good Netflix film in our downtime. But, this all means that we don’t move as much as we should for health. A new study published in Jama International Medicine confirms that the more you walk, the lower your risk of cancer and other conditions. Quality is important, too. The higher the intensity of steps, the better the overall benefits of the exercise. There is a warning, however. The advantages of walking seem to level out once you’ve done around 10,000 steps. So should we be aiming to walk this amount every day? The general view is that keeping your step count up is ultimately better for your body. The same study found that the people who take 10,000 steps have a lower risk of cancer than those who take 8,000. But our bodies are not perfect machines, and we have the complexities of genetics and other lifestyle factors to contend with. Additionally, it’s not as simple as that your health drops with step less than 10,000, or over that number, your health keeps increasing. And step counts above 10,000 have a similar risk and health benefit as hitting it, so you don’t have to push yourself to do much more than that. A similar study found that our risk of dementia also decreases with the more steps we take every day. The people who took 3,800 steps had roughly half the reduced risk for dementia as people who took 9,800 steps. For those who are too comfortable on the couch, even the lower number would be an excellent step count to aim for as a start. So make sure you get up and take movement breaks during your day — even if it’s walking to the kitchen to get a cup of coffee. It’s not just the routine 30 minutes of scheduled exercise that keeps us healthy. As science has shown, it’s every step that counts. 8．What can be inferred from the passage about people who are “sofa potatoes”? A．They are at a risk of health problems. B．They cannot benefit from walking, C．They are more likely to watch Netflix. D．They aim for at least 10,000 steps every day. 9．How do people usually find the relationship between step count and health benefits? A．The less you walk, the lower risk of cancer. B．The more steps taken, the better for health. C．A lot of factors play a role in step for health. D．Only scheduled steps count for health benefit. 10．What does the example of the risk of dementia in paragraph 4 show? A．Taking 9,800 steps can completely prevent dementia. B．Even a relatively small increase in step count can be beneficial. C．People who take 3,800 steps have no risk of dementia. D．The risk of dementia is only related to the number of steps. 11．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A．The Magic Number: 10,000 Steps B．Steps: More Than Just a Form of Exercise C．Couch Potatoes vs. Fitness Enthusiasts D．The Link Between Steps and Health: Inseparable 【答案】8．A 9．B 10．B 11．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要说明步行数量对身体健康的影响。 8．推理判断题。根据第一段“Do you move at every opportunity, or are you more of a sofa potato? Many of us sit for long at work or enjoy a good Netflix film in our downtime. But, this all means that we don’t move as much as we should for health. A new study published in Jama International Medicine confirms that the more you walk, the lower your risk of cancer and other conditions. Quality is important, too. The higher the intensity of steps, the better the overall benefits of the exercise. (你是一有机会就动起来，还是更喜欢呆在沙发上？我们中的许多人在工作时坐很长时间，或者在休息时间欣赏一部好的Netflix电影。但是，这一切都意味着我们为了健康应该运动得不够多。发表在《Jama International Medicine》上的一项新研究证实，你走得越多，患癌症和其他疾病的风险就越低。质量也很重要。步数越高，锻炼的整体效果就越好。)”可知，久坐不动的人（“沙发土豆”）因缺乏运动而面临更高的健康风险。故选A。 9．细节理解题。根据第三段“The general view is that keeping your step count up is ultimately better for your body. (一般的观点是，保持你的步数最终对你的身体更好。)”可知，普遍的观点是保持步数增加最终对身体有好处。故选B。 10．推理判断题。根据第四段“The people who took 3,800 steps had roughly half the reduced risk for dementia as people who took 9,800 steps. (与每天走9800步的人相比，每天走3800步的人患痴呆症的风险降低了大约一半。)”可知，即使是从3800步到9800步这样相对小的步数增加，对降低痴呆风险也是有益的。故选B。 11．主旨大意题。根据第一段“A new study published in Jama International Medicine confirms that the more you walk, the lower your risk of cancer and other conditions. Quality is important, too. The higher the intensity of steps, the better the overall benefits of the exercise. (发表在《Jama International Medicine》上的一项新研究证实，你走得越多，患癌症和其他疾病的风险就越低。质量也很重要。步数越高，锻炼的整体效果就越好。)”以及文章深入探讨了步数（数量）、步频（质量）以及不同步数与各种状况之间的关系，如癌症和痴呆症。它真正揭示了步数与健康之间的联系。D选项“步数与健康的关系：不可分割”最符合文章标题。故选D。 （七）（2025届湖北省新八校协作体） The flattened bodies of cockroaches (蟑螂) can get into places that no human can, without leaving a trace. They’ll eat just about anything, and they’re near indestructible. All these qualities make them the perfect choice for search-and-rescue operations. That’s why a team from a famous university in Asia decided that cyborg cockroaches would be a good idea. The concept involves combining the best of both worlds: the organic cockroach body, fine-tuned across millions of years of evolution to navigate small spaces and unfriendly environments, guided to a target destination of human choosing by a few electronic pushes from a high-tech backpack. “The creation of a functioning robot on a small scale is challenging; we wanted to sidestep this obstacle by keeping things simple,” explains the lead researcher Mochammad Ariyanto. “By simply attaching electronic devices to insects, we can avoid the finer details of robotics engineering and focus on achieving our goals.” Let’s be honest: even the most advanced robots are pretty junky when it comes to movement. There’s a level of detail to animal motion that our best auto robots haven’t even begun to crack. That becomes especially apparent when it comes to vertical (垂直的) navigation: many robots can easily be undone by a simple staircase. A cockroach, on the other hand, can climb walls, scale perimeters, pass through pipes, and even tolerate low-oxygen environments. The authors hope to mount the cockroaches with sensors to guide them and these bug-bots could be used to inspect the dangerous ruins left in the wake of war and natural disaster, and even detect survivors and rescue workers in trouble. They can send back data on places unfit for humans: the narrow pipes of buildings, deep tunnels underground, and sensitive cultural heritage sites. “I believe our cyborg insects can achieve objectives with less effort and power than purely mechanical robots,” says Ariyanto, “Our autonomous bio-hybrid navigation system overcomes problems that have traditionally challenged robots, such as recovering from falling. This is what is needed for stepping outside the laboratory and into real-life scenarios like wilderness.” Of course, it’s unclear how the cockroaches feel about all this. 28．What is a cyborg cockroach? A．A robot designed to copy a cockroach. B．A cockroach with enhanced genetic features. C．A robot remotely controlled by a cockroach. D．A cockroach equipped with an electronic device. 29．What is a cockroach’s advantage over a robot? A．Flattened body. B．Indestructible quality. C．Animal motion. D．Low-oxygen tolerance. 30．What are the bug-bots expected to do? A．Stop wars from happening. B．Inspect reasons for natural disasters. C．Solve problems facing robots in the lab. D．Send information from unfriendly places. 31．What is the author’s tongue like at the end of the text? A．Concerned. B．Humorous. C．Optimistic. D．Critical. 【答案】28．D 29．C 30．D 31．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。通过将生物特性与电子控制技术结合，科学家研发的“电子蟑螂”(cyborg cockroaches)可突破传统机器人的局限，成为灾难救援和危险环境探测的高效工具。 28．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The concept involves combining the best of both worlds: the organic cockroach body, fine-tuned across millions of years of evolution to navigate small spaces and unfriendly environments, guided to a target destination of human choosing by a few electronic pushes from a high-tech backpack.(这个概念涉及到结合两个世界的最佳元素：经过数百万年进化调整的有机蟑螂身体，能够在小空间和不友好的环境中导航，通过高科技背包中的几次电子推动，引导到人类选择的目标目的地)”可知，电子蟑螂是指装备了电子设备的蟑螂。故选D。 29．推理判断题。根据第四段“Let’s be honest: even the most advanced robots are pretty junky when it comes to movement. There’s a level of detail to animal motion that our best auto robots haven’t even begun to crack.(说实话：即使是最先进的机器人，在移动能力方面也相当糟糕。动物运动的精细程度达到了一个我们最优秀的自动机器人甚至尚未开始破解的水平)”以及第五段“That becomes especially apparent when it comes to vertical (垂直的) navigation: many robots can easily be undone by a simple staircase. A cockroach, on the other hand, can climb walls, scale perimeters, pass through pipes, and even tolerate low-oxygen environments.(在垂直导航方面，这一点尤为明显：许多机器人很容易被一个简单的楼梯难倒。另一方面，蟑螂可以爬墙、攀爬边界、穿过管道，甚至可以忍受低氧环境)”可推知，与机器人相比，蟑螂的优势在于动物运动。故选C。 30．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中“The authors hope to mount the cockroaches with sensors to guide them and these bug-bots could be used to inspect the dangerous ruins left in the wake of war and natural disaster, and even detect survivors and rescue workers in trouble. They can send back data on places unfit for humans: the narrow pipes of buildings, deep tunnels underground, and sensitive cultural heritage sites.(作者希望在这些蟑螂身上安装传感器来引导它们，这些昆虫机器人可以用来检查战争和自然灾害后留下的危险废墟，甚至可以探测到遇险的幸存者和救援人员。它们可以传回不适合人类居住的地方的数据：建筑物的狭窄管道、地下深隧道和敏感的文化遗产遗址)”可知，这些昆虫机器人可以从不适宜人类居住的地方传送信息。故选D。 31．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Of course, it’s unclear how the cockroaches feel about all this.(当然，目前还不清楚蟑螂对此有何感受)”可知，作者在文章结尾处以幽默的语气调侃蟑螂对成为实验对象的感受，带有轻松诙谐的意味，体现了作者的幽默风格。故选B。 （八）（2025届浙江省金华十校联考） Neighboring groups of birds within the same species can create very different-looking nests — showing that their nest-building choices aren’t only controlled by instinct (本能) and the environment. Instead, these birds seem to learn rules for nest-making that get passed down within a family group from generation to generation. That’s the conclusion of researchers who studied nearly 450 grassy structures built over two years by white-browed sparrow weavers living in the Kalahari Desert in South Africa. These small, brown-and-white birds live in groups, and it turns out that groups of birds that lived quite near to each other built distinctive architectural forms. The biggest difference was in “how short or long the structures are,” says study lead author Maria C． Tello-Ramos, a cognitive ecologist at the University of Hull in England. Furthermore, each group maintained the same architectural style over time— and when outsiders joined, they adapted to this style. To examine what might account for the observed differences, the team carefully analyzed factors that can determine a nest’s size and shape for a given bird species: weather conditions, tree height, individuals’ body size and genetic (基因的) relatedness. Yet none of these factors seemed to play a relevant role in shaping how the Kalahari sparrows built their nests, the researchers report in Science. “Then we say, ‘Okay, so what is left?’ ” Tello-Ramos explains. She and her colleagues proposed that cultural transmission (传输) might be key to nest building. “In our paper, we haven’t gotten there yet with experiments, but we have very good clues that that might be it, ” she says. “These are important questions that are understudied, ” says Christina Riehl, an evolutionary biologist. She’s not convinced the study’s data are enough to fully rule out genetic influence. “They can’t actually look at the effect of, say, genetic differences, because they don’t have really good genetic information on all the individuals in these groups,” she says. “I think there’s a lot left to be done, and I think this paper will inspire future research in a really good way. ” 28．What plays a key role in birds’ nest-building choices according to the new study? A．Living conditions. B．Group traditions. C．The influence of neighbors. D．The species of birds. 29．What do we know about the nests built by neighboring groups of birds? A．They are modeled after each other. B．They are made of different materials. C．They vary most significantly in length. D．They share the same architectural style. 30．How did Tello-Ramos and his colleagues reach the study conclusion? A．Through statistical methods. B．Through careful experiments. C．By excluding other possible factors. D．By reviewing findings of previous studies. 31．What does Christina Riehl think of the study? A．Limited but inspiring. B．Understudied and misleading. C．Controversial but well-designed. D．Convincing and groundbreaking. 【答案】28．B 29．C 30．C 31．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了对南非卡拉哈里沙漠中白眉麻雀织巢鸟的研究发现，即同一物种内相邻的鸟类群体可以建造出外观截然不同的巢穴，这表明它们的筑巢选择不仅受本能和环境的影响，还似乎通过家族群体代代相传的筑巢规则来学习。 28．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Instead, these birds seem to learn rules for nest-making that get passed down within a family group from generation to generation.(相反，这些鸟类似乎学会了筑巢的规则，并且这些规则在家族群体中代代相传。)”以及第五段“She and her colleagues proposed that cultural transmission (传输) might be key to nest building.(她和她的同事提出，文化传承可能是筑巢的关键。)”可知，鸟类似乎学会了在家族群体中代代相传的筑巢规则，研究人员提出文化传承可能是筑巢的关键，这里的文化传承可以理解为群体传统。故选B。 29．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“The biggest difference was in “how short or long the structures are,” says study lead author Maria C. Tello-Ramos, a cognitive ecologist at the University of Hull in England.(该研究的第一作者Maria C. Tello-Ramos是英国赫尔大学的认知生态学家。她说，最大的差异在于“鸟巢结构的长短”。)”可知，相邻鸟群所建鸟巢最大的差异在于“结构的长短”，也就是在长度方面差异最为显著。故选C。 30．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“To examine what might account for the observed differences, the team carefully analyzed factors that can determine a nest’s size and shape for a given bird species: weather conditions, tree height, individuals’ body size and genetic (基因的) relatedness. Yet none of these factors seemed to play a relevant role in shaping how the Kalahari sparrows built their nests, the researchers report in Science.(为了探究造成所观察到的差异的原因，研究团队仔细分析了可能决定特定鸟类物种鸟巢大小和形状的因素：天气状况、树的高度、个体的体型大小以及基因相关性。然而，研究人员在《科学》杂志上报告称，在塑造喀拉哈里麻雀的筑巢方式方面，这些因素似乎都没有起到相关作用。)”可知，为了探究造成所观察到差异的原因，研究团队仔细分析了可能决定鸟巢大小和形状的各种因素，如天气状况、树的高度、个体体型大小和基因相关性等，但发现这些因素似乎都对喀拉哈里麻雀的筑巢方式没有起到相关作用。由此可知，该研究团队先分析其他因素，排除它们的影响后提出新的观点。故选C。 31．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“She’s not convinced the study’s data are enough to fully rule out genetic influence. “They can’t actually look at the effect of, say, genetic differences, because they don’t have really good genetic information on all the individuals in these groups, ” she says. “I think there’s a lot left to be done, and I think this paper will inspire future research in a really good way. ”(她并不相信该研究的数据足以完全排除基因的影响。“实际上，他们无法研究比如说基因差异所产生的影响，因为他们并没有掌握这些群体中所有个体的真正完善的基因信息。” 她说，“我认为还有很多工作有待完成，而且我觉得这篇论文会以非常好的方式激发未来的研究。”)”可知，她认为该研究的数据不足以完全排除基因的影响，因为研究人员没有掌握这些群体中所有个体完善的基因信息，这表明她觉得该研究存在一定的局限性。故选A。 （九）（2025届浙江省强基联盟） Planetary geoarchaeology (地质考古学), the study of how cultural and natural processes on Earth’s moon, on Mars, and throughout the solar system may be changing, preserving, or erasing the material record of space exploration, has been proposed by two researchers from the Kansas Geological Survey at the University of Kansas and their colleagues as a new scientific subfield. “Until recently, we might consider the material left behind during the space race of the mid-20th century as relatively safe, "said Justin Holcomb, researcher at the Kansas Geological Survey. “However, the material record that currently exists on the moon is rapidly becoming at risk of being destroyed if proper attention isn’t paid during the new space era.” Applying geoarchaeological tools and methods to the movement of people into space and the solar system is a natural extension of the study of human migration on Earth, the focus of the ODYSSEY Archaeological Research Program directed by Holcomb’s co-author, Rolfe Mandel. How planetary geoarchaeologists will determine whether an item is worth preserving is an open question. “We feel that all material currently existing on extraterrestrial (地球外的) surfaces is space heritage and worthy of protection, ”Holcomb said. “However, some sites,  such as the very first footprints on the moon represent the material footprint of a long history of migration. ”Beyond those“firsts”, making decisions on a case-by-case basis will be necessary to sort through the tens of thousands of pieces of debris (残骸) now in orbit or dropped across the surfaces of the moon and Mars, which many people refer to as “trash” but Holcomb and his colleagues see as heritage. Holcomb thinks geoarchaeologists ought to be a part of upcoming NASA missions to ensure the security and preservation of space history. As for being part of a space mission himself? “I’ll leave that to other geoarchaeologists,” Holcomb said. “There’s plenty to do down here, but I do hope to see an archaeologist in space before it’s all over.” 12．Why has planetary geoarchaeology been proposed? A．To protect space heritage. B．To study the solar system. C．To resist space exploration. D．To found a scientific field. 13．What do we know about the material record of space? A．It threatens the movement of people into space. B．It is the main focus of the ODYSSEY Program. C．It shows the whole process of human migration. D．It is not as safe as expected in the new space era. 14．What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about? A．The methods of classifying space trash. B．The first footprints on the moon and Mars. C．The question of planetary geoarchaeologists. D．The discussion on identifying space heritage. 15．What does Holcomb suggest other geoarchaeologists do? A．Learn from scientists like him. B．Lead upcoming NASA missions. C．Participate in space exploration. D．Ensure the security of astronauts. 【答案】12．A 13．D 14．D 15．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了行星地质考古学这一新兴科学子领域，包括其提出的原因、太空物质记录的现状、对太空遗产的识别讨论以及对地质考古学家参与太空任务的期望。 12．推理判断题。根据第二段最后Justin Holcomb所说的“However, the material record that currently exists on the moon is rapidly becoming at risk of being destroyed if proper attention isn’t paid during the new space era. (然而，如果在新的太空时代没有给予足够的关注，目前月球上现存的物质记录正迅速面临被破坏的风险。)”以及第三段“Applying geoarchaeological tools and methods to the movement of people into space and the solar system is a natural extension of the study of human migration on Earth, the focus of the ODYSSEY Archaeological Research Program directed by Holcomb’s co-author, Rolfe Mandel. (将地质考古学的工具和方法应用于人类进入太空和太阳系的活动，是对地球上人类迁徙研究的自然延伸，这也是由霍尔科姆的合著者罗尔夫・曼德尔指导的奥德赛考古研究项目的重点。)”可知，当前月球上的物质记录在新太空时代面临被破坏的风险，而行星地质考古学旨在通过应用地质考古工具和方法来保护这些太空遗产，所以行星地质考古学被提出是为了保护太空遗产。故选A项。 13．细节理解题。根据第二段““Until recently, we might consider the material left behind during the space race of the mid-20th century as relatively safe, "said Justin Holcomb, researcher at the Kansas Geological Survey. “However, the material record that currently exists on the moon is rapidly becoming at risk of being destroyed if proper attention isn’t paid during the new space era.” (堪萨斯地质调查局的研究员贾斯汀・霍尔科姆说：“直到最近，我们或许还认为20世纪中叶太空竞赛期间留下的物质相对安全。然而，如果在新的太空时代没有给予足够关注，目前月球上现存的物质记录正迅速面临被破坏的风险。”)”可知，在新的太空时代，原本被认为相对安全的月球上的物质记录正迅速面临被破坏的风险，即它不像以前认为的那样安全。故选D项。 14．主旨大意题。通读第四段可知，第四段首句“How planetary geoarchaeologists will determine whether an item is worth preserving is an open question. (行星地质考古学家将如何确定一件物品是否值得保存，这是一个悬而未决的问题。)”提出了行星地质考古学家如何确定一个物品是否值得保存这一问题，接着阐述了他们认为地球外表面现存的所有物质都是太空遗产且值得保护，还举例说明了月球上的第一批脚印等情况，以及对于轨道上和月球、火星表面的残骸需要逐案做出决策，这些内容都是围绕如何识别太空遗产展开讨论的。故选D项。 15．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Holcomb thinks geoarchaeologists ought to be a part of upcoming NASA missions to ensure the security and preservation of space history. As for being part of a space mission himself? “I’ll leave that to other geoarchaeologists,” Holcomb said. “There’s plenty to do down here, but I do hope to see an archaeologist in space before it’s all over.” (霍尔科姆认为，地质考古学家应该参与美国国家航空航天局（NASA）即将开展的任务，以确保太空历史的安全与保存。至于他自己是否会参与太空任务呢？“我会把这个机会留给其他地质考古学家，”霍尔科姆说，“地球上有很多事情要做，但我确实希望在一切结束之前看到有考古学家进入太空。”)”可知，Holcomb认为地质考古学家应该参与即将到来的美国国家航空航天局（NASA）的任务，他自己不参与，希望看到其他地质考古学家参与太空任务。故选C项。 （十）（浙江省名校新高考研究联盟） More than 1, 000 metres below the surface of the oceans, darkness dominates. Marine creatures rely on sound for navigation, communication, and searching for food. However, this way of life has come under threat from shipping, contributing to a rise in underwater volume of approximately 3.3 decibels (分贝) per decade. The trend shows little sign of levelling off. With roughly 90% of trade relying on shipping, quieting the ocean through reductions in shipping itself is untenable . While efficiency improvements of shipping may cut noise, experts say more is needed. That is why technologies like modified propellers (螺旋桨) and noise-reducing materials are being developed to help humans and marine life coexist. Much of the underwater noise a ship produces comes from its propeller. Spinning blades (桨叶) create low pressure, causing the water to boil and produce bubbles, a process known as cavitation (空化现象). When those bubbles collapse, a low-frequency noise is produced, disrupting the movements of marine lives. One solution, being developed by researchers at the University of British Columbia, integrates flexible polymers (聚合物) into the metal propeller blades, allowing their tips to bend and twist. This movement prevents bubbles from forming and thereby reduces the noise the blades produce. Based on simulations, the design could reduce cavitation noise by 20 decibels. Dr Jaiman says researchers intend to start testing a model next year. Cavitation can also be reduced by increasing the number of bubbles, rather than reducing them. Researchers at MARIN, a Dutch research institute, have blown bubbles onto a propeller’s blades, which can dampen the resulting noise. Model-scale tests of this system showed a 12-decibel decrease in low-frequency noise. But shipping noise does not come only from the propeller, with roughly 20% coming from engines and generators. To reduce this, MARIN researchers have experimented with a bubble screen generated from tubes positioned in belts around the outside of the ship. These bubbles prevent noise from spreading. 28．Which best explains the underlined word “untenable” in paragraph 2? A．Impractical. B．Unavailable. C．Unstable. D．Immeasurable. 29．What is the main source of underwater noise from ships? A．The spinning blades. B．The process of cavitation. C．The engines and generators. D．The bubbles generated by ships. 30．What solution is being developed at MARIN? A．Boosting ship efficiency. B．Creating flexible blade tips. C．Generating more bubbles on blades. D．Using quieter engines and generators. 31．What’s the passage mainly about? A．Strategies to prevent ships from making noise. B．Innovations to minimize underwater ship noise. C．Adapted propeller designs to restore undersea quiet. D．Negative impacts of underwater noise on marine life. 【答案】28．A 29．A 30．C 31．B 【导语】本文是篇说明文。文章主要讲述了航运所产生的噪音对海洋生物的生活造成了威胁，人们正在采取相应措施来降低水下船只产生的噪音。 28．词义猜测题。根据划线词所在句“With roughly 90% of trade relying on shipping, quieting the ocean through reductions in shipping itself is untenable .(由于大约90%的贸易依赖航运，通过减少航运来让海洋安静是untenable。)”可知，航运产生很大的噪音，而大约90%的贸易依赖航运，所以通过减少航运来减少噪音，让海洋安静是不切实际的，所以untenable表示“不切实际的”。故选A。 29．细节理解题。根据第三段“Much of the underwater noise a ship produces comes from its propeller. Spinning blades (桨叶) create low pressure, causing the water to boil and produce bubbles, a process known as cavitation (空化现象). When those bubbles collapse, a low-frequency noise is produced, disrupting the movements of marine lives.(船只在水下产生的噪音大部分来自螺旋桨。旋转桨叶产生低压，使水沸腾并产生气泡，这一过程被称为空化。当这些气泡破裂时，会产生低频噪音，扰乱海洋生物的活动。)”可知，船只水下噪音主要来源于螺旋桨的旋转桨叶。故选A。 30．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Researchers at MARIN, a Dutch research institute, have blown bubbles onto a propeller’s blades, which can dampen the resulting noise.(荷兰研究机构MARIN的研究人员在螺旋桨叶片上吹了气泡，可以减弱由此产生的噪音。)”可知，MARIN开发了在螺旋桨叶片上吹气泡的解决办法，产生更多的气泡可以减弱桨叶产生的噪音。故选C。 31．主旨大意题。根据第一段“However, this way of life has come under threat from shipping, contributing to a rise in underwater volume of approximately 3.3 decibels (分贝) per decade. The trend shows little sign of levelling off.(然而，这种生活方式受到了航运的威胁，导致水下音量每十年增加约3.3分贝。这一趋势几乎没有趋于平稳的迹象。)”、第四段“One solution, being developed by researchers at the University of British Columbia, integrates flexible polymers (聚合物) into the metal propeller blades, allowing their tips to bend and twist. This movement prevents bubbles from forming and thereby reduces the noise the blades produce.(英属哥伦比亚大学的研究人员正在开发一种解决方案，将柔性聚合物集成到金属螺旋桨叶片中，使其尖端可以弯曲和扭转。这种运动可以防止气泡形成，从而减少叶片产生的噪音。)”和最后一段“Cavitation can also be reduced by increasing the number of bubbles, rather than reducing them. Researchers at MARIN, a Dutch research institute, have blown bubbles onto a propeller’s blades, which can dampen the resulting noise.(空化也可以通过增加气泡的数量而不是减少它们来减少。荷兰研究机构MARIN的研究人员在螺旋桨叶片上吹了气泡，可以减弱由此产生的噪音。)”以及文章内容可知，本文主要讲述了为应对航运产生噪音对海洋生物生活的威胁，人们所开发创新的将水下船只噪音最小化的解决办法。故选B。 （十一）（2025届浙江省北斗星盟） Google Shopping is transforming the way people discover and purchase fashion items by integrating advanced AI tools that make shopping more intuitive and personalized. Every day, over a billion shopping searches occur on Google, yet more than half of shoppers report difficulties finding products that match their specific vision—whether it’s a “colorful midi dress with big daisies” or “tailored wide-leg trousers.” To bridge this gap, Google has rolled out innovative features designed to enhance product discovery and decision-making. One standout feature is Vision Match, now available to all mobile users in the U. S. This tool allows shoppers to describe their ideal item in detail—such as “strapless satin evening gown with lace trim”—and generate AI-powered visual suggestions. By selecting the “Can’t find it? Create it!” option or using the “Create & shop” button in the Shopping tab, users receive tailored recommendations that bring their fashion ideas to life. The feature not only displays AI-generated images but also surfaces similar purchasable products from various retailers. Another key advancement is the expanded virtual try-on tool, which now includes pants, skirts, and dresses in addition to tops. When browsing items labeled with a “try on” badge, shoppers can see how garments fit on real models representing a wide range of body types, from XXS to XXL. Google’s improved machine learning models even generate complete outfit previews, pairing selected bottoms with complementary tops and shoes for a realistic styling experience. This helps users visualize how pieces will look in real life, reducing uncertainty and boosting confidence in their purchases. By combining AI-generated visuals, precise search matching, and immersive try-on capabilities, Google Shopping is addressing common frustrations in online fashion retail. These tools aim to replicate (复制) the in-store experience of exploring styles and assessing fit, all within a digital platform. While currently limited to the U. S. market, these innovations signal a shift toward more interactive, user-centric e-commerce—one where finding the perfect item is as simple as describing it or seeing it worn before clicking “buy”. 32．What is the main purpose of Google Shopping’s new AI tools? A．To favor certain retailers. B．To replace human designers. C．To decrease search numbers. D．To enhance shopping experience. 33．How does the “Vision Match” feature work? A．By completing purchases automatically. B．By generating AI-based visual suggestions. C．By enabling custom clothing design services. D．By displaying only partnered brands’ products. 34．What is a key benefit of the virtual try-on tool? A．It displays clothing fit on diverse body types. B．It provides discounts for trying items virtually. C．It automatically creates outfits from different stores. D．It allows users to redesign clothes before purchasing. 35．What future trend does Google Shopping’s AI signal? A．More physical stores. B．Less product details. C．Fewer global markets. D．Interactive online shopping. 【答案】32．D 33．B 34．A 35．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了谷歌购物通过整合先进的人工智能工具来革新人们发现和购买时尚商品的方式，并详细阐述了其新工具的特点和优势。 32．细节理解题。根据第一段“Google Shopping is transforming the way people discover and purchase fashion items by integrating advanced AI tools that make shopping more intuitive and personalized.(谷歌购物通过整合先进的人工智能工具，正在改变人们发现和购买时尚商品的方式，使购物更加直观和个性化。)”可知，谷歌购物新的人工智能工具的主要目的是提升购物体验。故选D项。 33．细节理解题。根据第二段“This tool allows shoppers to describe their ideal item in detail —such as “strapless satin evening gown with lace trim” — and generate AI-powered visual suggestions.(这个工具允许购物者详细描述他们理想的商品，比如“无肩带缎面蕾丝边晚礼服”，然后生成基于人工智能的视觉建议。)”可知，“Vision Match”功能通过生成基于人工智能的视觉建议来工作。故选B项。 34．细节理解题。根据第三段“When browsing items labeled with a “try on” badge, shoppers can see how garments fit on real models representing a wide range of body types, from XXS to XXL.(在浏览带有“试穿”标签的商品时，购物者可以看到这些服装穿在代表从XXS到XXL各种体型真人模特身上的效果。)”可知，虚拟试穿工具的主要好处是它展示了不同体型的人的服装合身度。故选A项。 35．推理判断题。根据最后一段“While currently limited to the U. S. market, these innovations signal a shift toward more interactive, user-centric e-commerce — one where finding the perfect item is as simple as describing it or seeing it worn before clicking “buy”.(虽然目前仅限于美国市场，但这些创新预示着电子商务将朝着更加互动、以用户为中心的方向发展——在这个方向上，找到完美的商品就像描述它或在点击“购买”之前看到它被穿着一样简单。)”可知，谷歌购物的人工智能预示着互动式网上购物的趋势。故选D项。 （十二）（2025届江苏省南通市等苏北七市） To see Garnett Puett’s latest sculpture at the Hammer Museum, you have to enter a dark room protected by a series of heavy curtains. Inside, glowing red light lights up a glass cage. Within the cage are three human figures with a large group of insects crawling over them. The bees move slowly over the faces of the figures. The colony of bees is so thick in places, it looks like fur (毛皮) growing on the statue — fur that moves. “Woah.” “I’ve never seen.” Visitors say as they enter the silent room. Puett has been making his “apisculptures”, using metal, beeswax (蜂蜡) and colonies of live bees, for four decades now. It’s art with a purpose: Puett wants to remind viewers of the power and creativity of bees, whose survival is under threat around the world. “It’s sort of subconscious advertising,” Puett said. “Bees are good.” In the 1980s, when Puett’s bee sculptures first became an art world hit, people just thought he was a guy playing with bees. Actually, his use of bees came from a deep family tradition. He grew up as a fourth-generation beekeeper, whose family had worked with bees since the 1700s. His great-grandfather raised queen bees, passing the business down to his son and grandson. Puett worked on those farms as a teenager, starting with the simplest tasks. His bee farm experience has resulted in precision in the art he makes with bee colonies. In the four decades since, the eco-artist withdrew somewhat from the art world. He moved to Hawaii, where he and his family have spent three decades running an organic honey farm. The work is challenging and labor intensive. That work has put him on the frontlines of dealing with threats to bee populations. Foreign species have killed numerous bees on his family’s farm, shrinking the number of surviving beehives (蜂巢) from 4,000 to about 2,000 in the past 15 years. “People used to call me up really mad saying words I can’t repeat if the hives were bothering them,” relates Puett with a laugh. “But since we lost half the bee population within two years, people are more aware of their importance and are far more understanding and appreciative. That’s been the one bright side to all this difficulty.” 24．What do visitors think of Puett’s bee sculpture? A．It is cruel. B．It is creative. C．It is educational. D．It is frightening. 25．Why did Puett make his “apisculptures”? A．To advocate for bees through art. B．To commercialize his bee products. C．To offer a shelter for threatened bees. D．To illustrate a new method of sculpture. 26．What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about? A．A background in bee art. B．The history of beekeeping. C．Bee-themed activities for kids. D．Four generations under one roof. 27．What was the impact of the bee population loss? A．Puett downsized his beekeeping. B．People became tolerant of Puett. C．Puett shifted his focus to his sculptures. D．Public perception of bees has been improved. 【答案】24．B 25．A 26．A 27．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了艺术家Garnett Puett通过雕塑来支持蜜蜂，呼吁人们保护蜜蜂。 24．推理判断题。根据第二段““Woah.” “I’ve never seen.” Visitors say as they enter the silent room.(“哇。”“我从来没见过。”参观者走进寂静的房间时说道。)”可知，游客们认为Puett的蜜蜂雕塑很有创意。故选B。 25．细节理解题。根据第三段“It’s art with a purpose: Puett wants to remind viewers of the power and creativity of bees, whose survival is under threat around the world.(这是一种有目的的艺术：Puett想提醒观众蜜蜂的力量和创造力，它们的生存在世界各地受到威胁)”可知，Puett创作他的雕塑是为了通过艺术来支持蜜蜂。故选A。 26．主旨大意题。根据第四段“In the 1980s, when Puett’s bee sculptures first became an art world hit, people just thought he was a guy playing with bees. Actually, his use of bees came from a deep family tradition. He grew up as a fourth-generation beekeeper, whose family had worked with bees since the 1700s. His great-grandfather raised queen bees, passing the business down to his son and grandson. Puett worked on those farms as a teenager, starting with the simplest tasks. His bee farm experience has resulted in precision in the art he makes with bee colonies.(在20世纪80年代，当Puett的蜜蜂雕塑首次成为艺术界的热门作品时，人们只是认为他是一个玩弄蜜蜂的人。实际上，他对蜜蜂的使用源于一个很深的家庭传统。他是第四代养蜂人，他的家人从18世纪开始就和蜜蜂一起工作。他的曾祖父养了蜂王，把生意传给了他的儿子和孙子。Puett十几岁时就在这些农场工作，从最简单的工作开始。他的养蜂场经验导致了他的艺术精确与蜂群)”可知，第4段主要讲了蜜蜂艺术的背景。故选A。 27．细节理解题。根据最后一段“But since we lost half the bee population within two years, people are more aware of their importance and are far more understanding and appreciative.(但由于我们在两年内失去了一半的蜜蜂种群，人们更加意识到它们的重要性，并且更加理解和感激)”可知，蜜蜂数量减少的影响是公众对蜜蜂的认知有所改善。故选D。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$