必修第一册（教师用书）-【创新方案】2026年高考英语一轮复习（外研版）

49 / 132 单元语基的晨读与默写 [说明：晨读内容见《微时光背诵》分册。以下默写部分课前学生自主完成，检测评价晨读识记效果] 一、默写核心单词 1．senior high　　　　　　　　　　 高中 2．the last moment 最后一刻，紧要关头 3．a best­selling author 畅销书作家 4．a moment of panic 一时惊慌 5．meet the challenge 迎接挑战 6．keep calm 保持镇静 7．a heated debate 激烈的争论 8．perform on stage 在舞台上表演 9．a wide range of topics 广泛的话题 10．have sharp eyes 有敏锐的眼睛 11．gain worldwide recognition 举世公认 12．a train schedule 列车时刻表 13．an award presentation 颁奖典礼 14．employment opportunities 就业机会 15．helpful hints 有用的建议 16．come into view 映入眼帘 17．in former times 从前 18．at first sight 乍一看 19．figure out 弄清楚 20．find all the particulars 找到所有的细节 21．a really neat movie 一部极好的电影 22．a junior student 低年级学生 23．struggle for survival 努力求生 24．take two steps forward 向前走两步 25．be highly rated 受到高度评价 26．exchange ideas 交流思想 二、默写变形单词(依据语境提示写出单词的正确形式) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16.　 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 三、默写重点短语 1．butterflies in one's stomach　 　 情绪紧张，心里发慌 2．in panic 惊慌地 3．depend on 依靠，依赖 4．make the most of 充分利用 5．graduate from 毕业于…… 6．go all out 全力以赴，竭尽全力 7．in particular 尤其，特别 8．refer to 参考，查阅 9．look forward to (兴奋地)期待，盼望 四、默写经典句式(完成句子) 1．I was looking at the photos on the noticeboard when I heard a voice behind me. 我正在浏览公告牌上的照片，身后忽然传来一个声音。 2．Turning around, I saw a white­haired man. 我转过身，看到一位白发老人。 3．These activities not only help them gain more skills, but also teach them to care about others. 这些活动不仅帮助他们获得更多的技能，也教他们关心别人。　 重点词汇的深化与拓展 一、自学区—重点词汇系统归纳 1．curious adj.好奇的，求知欲强的 |记|用|法|　 (1)be curious about sth.　　　　 对某事好奇 be curious to do sth. 极想做某事 (2)curiously adv. 好奇地 (3)curiosity n. 好奇心；求知欲 out of curiosity 出于好奇 with curiosity(＝curiously) 好奇地 |学|写|作|　 (告知信)Learning from your post that you are curious to know how to calculate the area of a triangle in space, I'm more than glad to offer you some help.从你的帖子中了解到你极想知道如何计算空间三角形的面积，我很乐意为你提供一些帮助。 2．confident adj.有信心的，自信的；有把握的 |记|用|法|　 (1)be confident about/of (doing) sth. 对(做)某事有信心 be confident that ... 对……有信心/有把握 (2)confidence n. 信心；信任；自信 have/lack/lose confidence in 对……有/缺乏/失去信心 with confidence 自信地；有把握地 (3)confidently adv. 自信地 |学|写|作|　 (2024·浙江1月高考写作)With each step, Eva felt more confident and less lost. 每走一步，伊娃都感到更加自信，更少迷惘。 3．argue v．争论，争辩，争吵；论证 |记|用|法|　 (1)argue with sb.about/over sth.　　　　 　　 与某人争论某事 argue for/against (doing) sth. 赞成/反对(做)某事 argue sb.into/out of doing sth. 说服某人做/不做某事 argue that ... 主张/认为/提出理由说明…… (2)argument n. 争论，争辩，辩论 have an argument with sb.about/over sth. 就某事与某人争吵/争论 |学|写|作|　 (情感描写)With a mixture of bitterness and envy slipping into my heart, I began to argue with him on purpose during the rest of class.陷入苦涩和嫉妒的混合情绪中，我开始在剩下的课上故意和他争论。 4．various adj.各种各样的，各种不同的 |记|用|法|　 (1)variety n．　　 　　 多样化，变化；不同种类 a variety of/varieties of 种类繁多的；各种各样的 (2)vary v. 变化，不同 vary from ...to ... 由……到……不等； 在……到……之间变动 名师指津：(1)a variety of (varieties of)既可修饰可数名词，又可修饰不可数名词。该短语修饰可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数；修饰不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。(2) vary from ...to ...作非谓语动词时，应用现在分词形式。 |学|写|作|　 (话题写作之文化交流)When telling the stories for each exhibit, I paid special attention to cultural differences to foster a better understanding for visitors from various countries.在讲述每件展品的故事时，我特别注意文化差异，让来自不同国家的观众更好地理解。 5．apply v．申请；使用，应用；适用；涂，敷；勤奋工作 |记|用|法|　 (1)apply (to ...) for ... (向……)申请…… apply to do sth. 申请做某事 apply to ... 适用于…… apply ...to ... 把……运用于……；把……涂到……上 apply oneself to (doing) sth. 集中精力于/致力于(做)某事 (2)application n. 申请；申请信；应用，运用；应用程序 applicant n. 申请人 名师指津：(1)apply表示“申请做某事”时，其后跟不定式。(2)apply表示“应用，适用，勤奋工作”等意思时，与之连用的to是介词，其后跟动词时，应用动名词形式。 |学|写|作|　 (申请信)Learning that the English Association of our school is now in need of some volunteers, I'm writing to apply to join it.得知我们学校的英语协会现在需要一些志愿者，我写信申请加入。 6．frightened adj.受惊的，害怕的 |记|用|法|　 (1)be frightened of/that　　 害怕…… be frightened to do sth. 害怕做某事 (2)frighten vt. 使惊吓；使害怕 frighten ...away/off 吓走/跑…… frighten sb.into sth./into doing sth. 把某人吓得做某事 (3)fright n. 恐惧，惊吓；恐怖的经历 (4)frightening adj. 令人恐惧的；可怕的 |学|写|作|　 (2025·1月八省联考写作)I was frightened and clutched my bag tightly, constantly glancing around, praying that nothing bad would happen. 我吓坏了，紧紧地抓着包，不停地环顾四周，祈祷不会发生什么坏事。 7．look forward to (兴奋地)期待，盼望 |记|用|法|　 名师指津：(1)look forward to表示“盼望；期待”，to是介词，后跟名词或动名词作宾语。(2)look forward表示“向前看”，后面跟不定式(to do)作目的状语。 (3)look back on sth.回忆或回顾某事。 |学|写|作|　 (2024·新高考Ⅰ卷写作)I'm looking forward to hearing about your latest experiences.Take care and stay in touch. 我期待着听到你最近的经历。保重，保持联系。 8．depend on 依靠，依赖；相信；取决于(条件、情况) |记|用|法|　 (1)depend on/upon it that ... 相信/指望…… that depends/it (just/all) depends 视情况而定/那得看情况 (2)dependent adj. 依靠的；依赖的 be dependent on 依靠，依赖 (3)independent adj. 独立的，自主的，私营的 名师指津：depend on/upon后接that从句作宾语时，必须先用it作形式宾语。 |学|写|作|　 (倡议书)We have to study hard so that we can depend on our own strength to gain a foothold easily in the society.我们只有努力学习，才能依靠自己的实力在社会上轻松立足。 二、自查区—语基过关自主评价 一、重点词汇精细练 1．curious　 ①Curious to learn (learn) more about AI, I have made up my mind to major in it at university. ②The little girl often asks all kinds of questions curiously (curious)． ③(话题写作之学校生活)I am curious about the school life of British students.Could you tell me something about it? 我对英国学生的学校生活很好奇，你能给我介绍一些吗？ ④(动作描写)Out of curiosity, she opened the envelope, only to find nothing but a piece of white paper. 出于好奇，她打开了信封，却发现仅仅是一张白纸。 2．confident　 ①This activity has not only enhanced our public speaking skills but also made us more confident about/of expressing our thoughts and ideas in English. ②On the day of the presentation, she walked up to the platform confidently (confident) and delivered an exceptional talk. ③(建议信)I am confident that you can solve these problems and I believe you will never lose confidence in your future.There will be no difficulty that you can't overcome as long as you have confidence in yourself. 我确信你可以解决这些问题，并且我相信你永远不会对自己的未来失去信心。只要你对自己有信心，就没有克服不了的困难。 3．argue　 ①They are having an argument (argue) with their classmates about how to figure out the difficult math problem. ②We tried many ways to argue him into accepting (accept) our advice, but in vain. ③(话题写作之太空探索)Our class has recently argued/had an argument with each other about/over whether we should carry on with space exploration.Some students argue that space is well worth exploring.Others argue against it.Personally, space exploration can assist mankind to solve the problem of lack of resources. 最近我们班就我们是否应该继续太空探索彼此争论。一些学生主张太空非常值得探索。其他学生反对太空探索。在我看来，太空探索能够帮助人类解决资源匮乏的问题。 4．various　 ①The farm covers 30 square kilometers on which grow varieties (variety) of products by season. ②There are (be) a variety of subjects that could enrich our discussions and ensure that everyone has something new and interesting to talk about. ③(2023·浙江1月高考写作)The highlight of this activity was an exhibition of various plant samples, varying from ordinary plants to rare species.In addition, there are various/a variety of/varieties of methods of plant­growing on display. 活动最精彩的部分是各种植物样本的展览，从普通植物到珍稀物种都有。此外，各种种植方法也在展出之中。 5．apply　 ①To my delight, I was chosen from hundreds of applicants (apply) to attend the opening ceremony. ②Eventually, however, I won the support of my family, and I sent in all the paperwork needed for the application (apply)． ③(2023·天津高考书面表达)I am writing to apply for the opportunity to teach traditional Chinese crafts and art as part of the Chinese Workshop. 我写信是为了申请成为Chinese Workshop的一分子，有机会去教授一些中国传统的工艺和艺术。 ④(动作描写)He fetched some cream, applied it to the wound with care and rushed me to hospital. 他取了一些药膏，小心地涂在伤口上，然后匆忙把我送到医院。 ⑤(建议信) If you apply yourself to the task, you will finish it on time. →Apply yourself to the task, and you will finish it on time.(用祈使句升级) →Applying yourself to the task, you will finish it on time.(用分词短语作状语升级) 6．frightened　 ①I am terribly sorry to hear that you are frightened to deliver (deliver) a lecture in public. ②(心理描写)When I heard a frightening sound after a bright flash of lightning, I was frightened into standing there, with my hair standing on end. 一道明亮的闪电过后，我听到了可怕的声音，吓得站在那里，头发竖了起来。 ③(心理描写)She was frightened by the frightening scene. She got so nervous that she trembled from head to foot. →Frightened by the frightening scene, she got so nervous that she trembled from head to foot.(用分词短语作状语升级) 7．look forward to　 ①(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷写作)I looked around/round and finally spotted David, who was standing by himself off to the side by a fence. 我环顾四周，终于发现了大卫，他独自站在栅栏旁。 ②(人物介绍)Looking back on the past years, I couldn't help but think of Susan, my English teacher, who always encouraged me to get over any difficulty I encountered in high school. 回顾过去的岁月，我不禁想起我的英语老师苏珊，她总是鼓励我克服高中时遇到的任何困难。 ③(人物描写)The old lady was always looking forward to her daughter's news and she would look back on the good old days, sometimes tears rolling down her cheeks. →Always looking forward to her daughter's news, the old lady would look back on the good old days, sometimes tears rolling down her cheeks.(用分词短语作状语升级) 8．depend on　 ①Secondly, regarding the reading format, I propose a combination of both group collaboration and independent (dependent) reading. ②(对话描写)“Don't worry about his being late.You can depend on it that he'll turn up on time，” Tom said. “别为他迟到而担心。你可以相信他会准时出现的，”汤姆说。 ③(建议信)According to the result of our discussion, whether you can have the opportunity for further education depends on your learning attitude. 根据我们讨论的结果，你是否能得到深造的机会取决于你的学习态度。 二、易误词汇扫盲练 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．The scenery there is so fascinating that it is totally beyond description (describe)． 2．I panicked (panic) when I saw smoke coming out of the engine. 3．In his journal, he expressed his eagerness (eager) to gain the opportunity to learn more. 4．At the end of the game, players traditionally exchange shirts with each other. 5．When the explorers (explore) first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife. 6．I did not get the impression (impress) that they were unhappy about the situation. 7．After graduation (graduate), she worked to help her sisters and brothers pay for their schooling. 8．There are a variety of books in the bookstore for us to choose from, like history books, science books, reference (refer) books and so on. Ⅱ.语境辨义(写出或选出下列加黑词的词性及含义) 1．(熟词生义)The local theatre group is staging a production of Hamlet.v.上演 2．(熟词生义)The schools were rated according to the students' English levels.v.划分等级 3．(熟词生义)Von Wong hopes that his work will help pressure big companies to reduce their plastic footprint.vt.对……施加压力；迫使 4．(熟词生义)My watch gains several minutes a day，and as a consequence, I must have it repaired.v.(钟、表等走得)快 5．(一词多义)sharp A．adj.急剧的　　　　B．adj.敏锐的　　C．adj.锋利的 D．adv.(……点)整 E．adj.急转的 F．adj.清晰的 ①She stared at the dolphin with her sharp bright eyes. B ②There has been a sharp decline in the death rate because of the advanced technology. A ③I was approaching a fairly sharp bend that swept downhill to the left. E ④The volunteers will gather at the school gate at 8：00 sharp this morning. D ⑤All the footmarks are quite sharp and clear. F ⑥(2024·全国甲卷)Students are reminded not to carry sharp things such as knives and swords. C 6．(一词多义)view A．n.景色；风景　 　 　B．n.视野　 　 　C．n.(一次)观看 D．n.观点；见解；看法 E．vt.观看；观赏 F．vt.看待；对待 ①(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that works for your particular circumstances. F ②People aren't willing to change their views about food as there is so much confusing information online. D ③There is no doubt that these mountains are a splendid sight when viewed from the valley floor. E ④To our surprise, by the end of that day the video we posted the day before Children's Day had over 1,000 views. C ⑤China's National Highway 318，extending over 5,000 kilometers from Shanghai to Zhangmu，is known as the “heavenly road” for its amazing views. A ⑥She was soon lost from view among the crowd. B Ⅲ.完成句子 1．Instead of feeling sad by comparing yourself to others, you should make the most of what you have and be happy. 通过与他人比较，你不要感到悲伤，而应该充分利用你所拥有的，并感到快乐。 2．Sitting there at my sister's wedding dinner, I had butterflies in my stomach because I knew I'd have to stand up and make a speech. 在我姐姐的婚宴上，我坐在那里，心里很紧张，因为我知道我必须站起来发表演讲。 3．My eyes popped at the sight of the rich variety of food on show. 当我看到展示的丰富多样的食物时，我的眼睛都瞪大了。 4．Our basketball team went all out to win the championship game.But so did the other team, and they beat us by two points. 我们的篮球队全力以赴去赢得冠军赛。但对方队伍也是如此，他们以两分的优势击败了我们。 5．In our hometown, it is a tradition to visit relatives one by one during the Spring Festival. 在我们的家乡，春节期间逐个拜访亲戚是一种传统。 主题表达的积淀与提高 一、学教材典句——写“亮”句子 句式1 be doing ...when ... 此结构意为“正在做……这时……”，when是并列连词，意为“这时(突然)”，相当于and at that/this time。类似的用法还有： (1)be about to do ...when ...＝be on the point of doing ...when ...正要做……这时…… (2)had just/hardly done ...when ...刚做完……这时…… |练|明|句|法|　(变换句式) ①I was arguing with my classmates about the best approach to a math problem, and at that time Mr.Li walked in, ready to offer his guidance. →I was arguing with my classmates about the best approach to a math problem when Mr.Li walked in, ready to offer his guidance. ②Having just finished my homework, I was ordered to do some housework. →I had just/hardly finished my homework when I was ordered to do some housework. |写|亮|句|子| ③(场景描写)我刚刚探索完老房子的各个角落，就听到一声惊恐的尖叫在大厅里回荡。 I had hardly/just finished exploring all corners of the old house when I heard a frightening scream echoing through the hall. ④(动作描写)我碰巧来到这里，正在看发生了什么事，这时一个女孩向我走来。 I came here by chance and was watching what was going on when a girl came up to me. 句式2 not only ...but also ... (1)not only ...but also ...(only亦可以替换为just/merely等)，用于连接两个表示并列关系的成分，着重强调后者，意为 “不仅……而且……”，其中的also有时可以省略。 (2)not only ...but also ...连接两个句子，且not only位于句首时， not only后面的句子要用部分倒装，but also后面的句子不倒装。 (3)not only ...but also ...连接的两个并列成分作主语时，其谓语动词通常与but also后的主语保持人称和数的一致，即遵循“就近原则”。 |练|明|句|法|　(变换句式) ①The students and their teacher all depend on the school's library resources to expand their knowledge. →Not just the students but also their teacher depends on the school's library resources to expand their knowledge. ②As we all know, reading classics can not only improve our writing skills but also enrich our everyday life. →As we all know, not only can reading classics improve our writing skills but also it can enrich our everyday life.(倒装句) |写|亮|句|子| ③(告知信)首先，这个展览的主题是环境保护，这不仅有意义，而且很有趣。 To begin with, the theme of the exhibition is environmental protection，which is not only meaningful but also very interesting. ④(人物介绍)她不仅在演讲中保持了冷静，而且她的自信也赢得了观众的青睐。 Not only did she keep calm during the speech/presentation, but also her confidence won the favor of the audience. 二、建构语义场——写“活”语境 语境(一)　初入校园　 1．explore the new school　　 　 探索新校园 2．full of eagerness and curiosity 充满渴望与好奇 3．surprised and embarrassed 吃惊又尴尬 4．butterflies in one's stomach 情绪紧张，心里发慌 5．one's heart racing wildly 某人的心跳加速 6．stare in awe at 敬畏地盯着 7．The first day of high school life was an unforgettable experience that left me with a mix of thoughts and feelings. 高中生活的第一天是一段难忘的经历，让我百感交集。 语境(二)　遇到挑战　 1．in low spirits　　　　　　 情绪低落 2．become frightened 变得害怕 3．one's mind goes blank 头脑一片空白 4．tears streaming down one's cheeks 眼泪顺着脸颊流下来 5．I tried to turn on my brain but the engine just wouldn't start. 我试着开动脑筋，但引擎就是发动不起来。 6．It was a long and hard moment and it seemed as if I were sitting on pins and needles. 这是漫长而艰难的时刻，我如坐针毡。 语境(三)　同学互助　 1．sound advice　　 　 　　 合理的建议 2．help sb.get through the tough time 帮助某人度过艰难时期 3．So, give your friends a hand when they need it. 所以，在朋友需要帮助时要施以援手。 4．My classmates burst into wild applause and yelled encouragement at me. 同学们爆发出热烈的掌声，并大声鼓励我。 语境(四)　校园活动　 1．take part in various after­school activities　　　 参加各种课外活动 2．learn to organise their busy schedules 学会安排他们繁忙的日程 3．Our school offers a diverse range of intellectual and creative activities. 我们学校提供各种各样的智力和创造性活动。 4．To let us students understand the value of labor, a tree­planting activity was held in Xiangshan Lake Park last Saturday.为了让我们学生了解劳动的价值，上周六在香山湖公园举行了植树活动。 语境(五)　学校生活建议　 1．win an award 赢得奖项 2．read as many books as possible 读尽可能多的书 3．learn a new skill 学习一项新技能 4．If you fail, no problem — next time you can fail better! 这次考不好，没关系的——下次你会做得更好！ 5．She said, “Be a rainbow in somebody else's cloud.” 她说：“要成为别人云朵中的一道彩虹。” 三、即时微写作——写“美”语段 (一)应用单元所学完成语段——语境复现 A most impressive class at senior high ①Looking back on (回顾) my senior high classes, I ②have gained a lot from (从中获得许多) them.My first English class in particular ③has left an everlasting impression on me (给我留下持久的印象)． I still remember in the first English class we were asked to give a short speech about the first day at senior high.④With butterflies in my stomach (心里发慌), I was secretly hoping that nobody would notice me when I heard my name called.I ⑤stood up in panic (惊慌地站起来), with nothing coming out of my mouth.“Don't be shy! Imagine we are all pumpkins if it ⑥has a calming effect on you (对你有镇静作用)．” The teacher's words ⑦gave me a hand (帮了我一个忙)．Despite my trembling voice, I gave my first ever public speech in English.After school that day, I planned to ⑧ go all out (竭尽全力) to practise my English and I joined the English Club. Actually, the teacher's words ⑨inspired confidence in me (激发了我的信心)．Now I can ⑩ face up to the challenges (直面挑战) bravely. (二)对标单元主题完成语段——完善细节 1．面对新环境(表达逻辑：好奇→紧张) ①Full of eagerness and curiosity (充满渴望与好奇), I couldn't wait to begin my new school life.On the first day of school, I ②stared in awe at (敬畏地盯着) the huge buildings, bigger than any school buildings I had previously seen.I really wanted ③to explore life here (探索这里的生活)．My first class was English.We were asked to introduce ourselves one by one and I was the first one.With butterflies in my stomach, I stood up, ④my heart racing wildly (我的心跳加速)． 2．伸出援手(关键词：给予鼓励) After class, I was sitting at my desk with my head down ①when my partner gave me a hug (这时候我的搭档给我一个拥抱) and said ②encouraging words (鼓励的话) such as “Don't be discouraged.I will always stand by you, ③giving you a hand (帮助你)．” [单元质量评价] 习题讲评(一)　主题阅读训练 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2025·重庆模拟)Sunlight was cutting through the classroom, and it was close to lunchtime, with everyone feeling bored.This was in the sickening final weeks before the Leaving Cert, the state exams every Irish teenager has to sit if they want to go to university. With the Leaving Cert, we'd ever felt more unhappily involved in the faceless machinery of education.Our only objective for an entire year had been to memorize as much information as possible, in order to bring it back in one exam after another.Our teacher's only objective was to drill all that information and rote learning (死记硬背) into us. And it was just another day of that, when it happened.I don't know why, but the teacher suddenly broke off what he was saying and considered us for a moment.He leaned against his desk, folded his arms, and then he went off without referring to his prepared notes. He spoke about how we were going to leave school soon, and head into the world, separately, for ever.He said we wouldn't be able to grasp it yet, but our horizons were about to expand in ways we wouldn't believe.I know it sounds cheesy — it probably was cheesy — but for the teenage me it was something quite new and surprising to hear an adult address us like this, not as kids to whom he needed to feed information, but as humans with whom he wanted to share something like wisdom. What stayed with me was the image he used: he said our awareness would be like a flame (火焰) in a dark cave.The brighter and larger the flame grew, the more of the cave we would see.But with every bit of light, there would come a growing awareness of the vastness of the cave, of just how little of it we were actually seeing, and of how much more space and opportunity was left for our flame to grow. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章作者通过描述枯燥的课堂以及老师和同学们分享的人生智慧，鼓励大家勇于探索未知事物。 1．What do students think of preparing for the Leaving Cert? A．Boring.　　　　　 B．Challenging. C．Exciting. D．Rewarding. 解析：选A　推理判断题。根据第二段中的unhappily, faceless, drill, rote learning等词可以看出，学生们认为备考Leaving Cert是枯燥乏味的。 2．What does the underlined word “cheesy” in paragraph 4 most probably mean? A．Innovative. B．Harmful. C．Attractive. D．Commonplace. 解析：选D　词义猜测题。根据第四段画线单词下文“but for the teenage me it was something quite new and surprising to hear an adult address us like this”可知，这里是承上转折，画线单词与“new and surprising”意思相反，最可能的意思是“常见的事”。 3．What did the teacher emphasize in his speech? A．The use of knowledge. B．The exploration of the unknown. C．The command of skills. D．The importance of education. 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句中“and of how much more space and opportunity was left for our flame to grow”可知，老师在讲话中强调了对未知事物的探索。 4．How did the teacher make his idea understood? A．By describing a fact. B．By reasoning a conclusion. C．By using a figure of speech. D．By making a sharp contrast. 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“What stayed with me ...we would see.”可知，老师通过使用修辞手法让学生理解他的想法。 B (2025·广州综合测试)The best ideas are often so smart, so simple and so clearly needed; it's strange to discover they don't already exist.So it is with Farm My School, a program that's turning underused land at secondary schools into commercially achievable, regenerative (有再生作用的) market gardens farmed by and for local communities. Co­founded by permaculturist Ben Shaw and regenerative educator James McLennan, Farm My School connects local people and organizations through volunteering that helps establish a school's market garden.Students learn about community networks, healthy eating, ecological responsibility, waste reduction, and climate relief while helping with food production.Schools integrate all these into their courses while producing vegetable boxes every week that feed local families, supply the school's food needs and ultimately pay the farmer's salary. Farm My School has gained the extraordinary enthusiasm of the locals, who answered an online shout­out to buy tickets to the program's launch event at Bellarine Secondary College last October.Called Build a Farm in a Day Festival, the event featured workshops by Ben and James to share the skills required to build what they say is the world's largest no­dig garden.“It was such a powerful event, and I think that comes down to people wanting to act now，” says James.“We charged for the experience and 600 guys turned up! They didn't even need free drinks to get excited.We were gardening till midnight.It was amazing.We've got true community's buy­in.” Volunteers have since begun beneficial planting throughout the school.Next steps include further discussions with local communities, employing a farmer, and bringing in a teacher to develop courses.“We've seen this huge push towards seeing schools as regenerative spaces, not just for planting but for kids to be more connected to the outside world, and really seeing the school in a whole new light，” James says.“For us, the big excitement is that by allowing a professional farmer to take the responsibility of growing food, it's not only on the school to look after that farm anymore, which eventually makes it much more sustainable，” adds Ben.　 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。Ben Shaw和James McLennan共创了Farm My School项目，在中学里将未充分利用的土地转变为商品果蔬农场，这个项目受到了社区居民的热烈欢迎。 5．Why was Farm My School founded? A．To raise the income of the local people. B．To advocate a commercial farming plan. C．To provide free food for local communities. D．To turn underused campus land into market gardens. 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“a program that's turning underused land ...market gardens farmed by and for local communities”可知，Farm My School成立的原因是要将学校里未充分利用的土地改造成商业上可实现、可再生的商品果蔬农场。 6．How do schools involve students into the program? A．By developing program­based courses. B．By organizing voluntary work in communities. C．By offering them part­time jobs in the market gardens. D．By encouraging them to produce daily vegetable boxes. 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Schools integrate all these into their courses while producing vegetable boxes every week”可知，学校通过开发基于项目的课程让学生参与这个项目。 7．What does the underlined word “buy­in” mean in paragraph 3? A．Competition. B．Investment. C．Support. D．Protection. 解析：选C　词义猜测题。根据画线词前的“We charged for the experience and 600 guys turned up! They didn't even need free drinks to get excited.We were gardening till midnight”可知，社区居民对这个活动非常支持，故C项与画线词的意义最接近。 8．What is the highlight of the program according to Ben? A．It brings in money to support the school. B．The school farm will be able to last long. C．The local people will take care of the farm. D．Students connect more with the outside world. 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据最后一段中Ben所说的话“the big excitement is that ...eventually makes it much more sustainable”可知，Ben认为这个项目最突出的部分是农场变得更加可持续发展，即学校农场能够持续很长时间。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五 (2025·合肥质检)When something goes wrong, do you tend to bounce back or fall apart? Here are some strategies to help you manage a personal setback (挫折) and get back on track toward achieving your goal. •Realize it's normal.Less than 20 percent of people successfully achieve their goals the first time around.It's normal and expected for setbacks to occur. 9 Knowing this, it's important to anticipate that the main task will be how to effectively manage the setback when it arises. •Don't deny it. Sometimes it's hard to recognize a setback.The problem can be staring you right in the face, but you may think there's no cause for alarm. 10 This inability to acknowledge the problem doesn't mean you're stupid.It's just that denial can cloud your awareness of the issue.It's important to be receptive to the honest feedback. • 11 Stop and consider carefully what went wrong.The most common causes of a setback are personal worries, overconfidence, and poor coping skills.Take a look at any factor that may have contributed to the setback: Where you were, who you were with, what you were thinking and feeling. •Learn from it.Learn from your analysis of the setback, and adjust your plan to try to prevent similar things from happening the next time.Each time you fine­tune your plan and put it into action again, you actually improve your odds of eventual success. 12 Remind yourself that your setback is a slip instead of a fall. 13 After adjusting, you can still make progress toward success again. A．Don't take it seriously. B．Analyze what happened. C．You haven't lost all of the knowledge, skills, and support. D．In other words, it's not whether a challenge will happen, but it's when. E．This is because you learn from each misstep to make your plan more effective. F．Friends or family will voice their concern, but you still may not be able to accept it. G．You might even write about past experiences in a journal to guide your future behavior. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了遇到挫折后的解决方法，旨在帮助读者面对挫折，并解决挫折。 9．选D　本段开头说仅有不到百分之二十的人第一次就成功，说明遇到挫折的人是大多数，遇见挫折很正常；空后又说重要的是预见到当挫折发生时，如何有效地处理挫折，因此此处应该关注的是挫折何时发生，而非挫折是否会出现。故D项符合语境。 10．选F　该段指出我们不应该否定挫折，后文提及应该多去接受真诚的反馈，此处的反馈即家人或朋友们的意见、关心。此空应承上启下，故F项“朋友或家人会表达他们的关心，但你可能仍然无法接受”符合语境。 11．选B　本段提到导致挫折的因素，多把那些可能引起失败的因素纳入反思的范围，才能顺利面对挫折，说明该段以分析为主，且此空位于段首，应是对下文的总结，故B项“分析发生了什么”符合语境。 12．选E　本段讲述从挫折中学习，每一次从挫折中获得的经验都是日后成功的基石，因此空处是说挫折会让你的计划更有效、更合理，解释了成功的原因。故E项符合语境。 13．选C　空前说到挫折对一个人来说只是一次滑倒，而非是坠落，因此空处要解释原因。C项“你并没有失去所有的知识、技能和支持”符合语境。 习题讲评(二)　语用综合训练 完形填空 (2025·福州质量检测)Little Oliver was Mason and Rebecca's miracle child.Rebecca suffered three miscarriages (流产) before Oliver was born.When they were still in extreme 1 ， Rebecca accidentally found the little boy never reacted to any sound.After examinations it was confirmed that Oliver was born 2 . Facing such a blow, Mason and Rebecca never felt 3 .A few weeks later, Oliver got his first hearing aid.Despite several 4 ， Oliver could at last hear! Rebecca and Mason were delighted. Three years passed, and it was time to send Oliver to 5 .But on the first day Oliver returned home 6 ， “I don't want to go to school ...I have no friends ...” One day, Rebecca and Mason were called to the school, where Oliver's teacher, Sophia told them Oliver never 7 with his classmates.He was afraid that his classmates would 8 him over his deafness.Though Sophia talked to him again, he was 9 to communicate. Rebecca and Mason told her their son was 10 for friendship inside.Sophia decided they had to do something to help Oliver out of his 11 .They made a plan and put it into action on his sixth birthday.Oliver 12 his classroom and found it decorated with balloons.He was surprised and sat in his chair, 13 what was happening.Suddenly, all his classmates marched inside.They all wore colorful birthday caps and smiled at him.Oliver's eyes rose with tears as he watched them sing a happy birthday song in 14 .They had learned sign language to surprise the birthday boy and make him feel 15 .Oliver was touched.It was a wonderful feeling to be surrounded by friends. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。天生失聪的Oliver不想上学，在学校没朋友。经过他的家长与老师沟通后，他的老师和同学们为他精心准备了生日手势歌曲。Oliver觉得自己终于成了班里的一员。 1．A.sorrow　　　 　　　 B．happiness C．surprise D．loss 解析：选B　根据上文的“Little Oliver was ...Oliver was born.”可知，Oliver是他的爸爸妈妈好不容易才拥有的小孩，所以当他出生时，爸爸妈妈应是沉浸在幸福之中。 2．A.dumb B．blind C．deaf D．one­handed 解析：选C　根据上文的“Rebecca accidentally found the little boy never reacted to any sound”可知，Oliver对声音没有反应，由此判断Oliver天生失聪。后文的deafness也是提示。 3．A.discouraged B．annoyed C．embarrassed D．complicated 解析：选A　根据下文的“A few weeks later, Oliver got his first hearing aid”可知，尽管Oliver天生失聪，但他的爸爸妈妈却从未气馁。 4．A.operations B．tests C．worries D．struggles 解析：选D　根据语境和常识可知，经过几次努力Oliver终于听见了。 5．A.school B．hospital C．station D．work 解析：选A　根据下文的“I don't want to go to school”可知，到了Oliver上学的时候。 6．A.laughing B．crying C．adding D．explaining 解析：选B　根据下文的“I don't want to go to school ...I have no friends”可知，Oliver在学校里过得很不开心，所以到家后应是哭了。 7．A.debated B．agreed C．studied D．interacted 解析：选D　根据下文的“He was afraid that his classmates would him over his deafness”可知，Oliver害怕同学们笑话他，所以不愿意和同学们交流。 8．A.punish B．scold C．complain about D．laugh at 解析：选D　根据空后的“over his deafness”可知，Oliver担心同学们嘲笑自己耳聋。 9．A.unwilling B．cautious C．confused D．unable 解析：选A　根据语境可知，此处指尽管他的老师再次与他谈话，他还是不愿交流。 10．A.grateful B．desperate C．responsible D．concerned 解析：选B　根据语境可知，Oliver表面上不愿与他人交流，但是内心还是渴望有朋友的。 11．A.doubt B．failure C．insecurity D．reach 解析：选C　根据上文可知，Oliver内心渴望友谊，但是又害怕别人笑话他，所以他是缺乏安全感。 12．A.locked B．cleaned C．entered D．designed 解析：选C　此处表示Oliver进入教室。 13．A.confirming B．concluding C．ignoring D．wondering 解析：选D　根据上文的“He was surprised and sat in his chair”可知，他非常惊讶。结合常识可以推断，他想知道发生了什么事。 14．A.gesture B．return C．deed D．word 解析：选A　根据下文的“They had learned sign language to surprise the birthday boy”可知，Oliver的同学们学习了手势语，所以他们的生日歌是用手势语来表演的。 15．A.independent B．sensible C．included D．praised 解析：选C　根据语境可知，Oliver的同学们为他学习手势语，就是为了让他觉得自己也是班级的一员。 单元语基的晨读与默写 [说明：晨读内容见《微时光背诵》分册。以下默写部分课前学生自主完成，检测评价晨读识记效果] 一、默写核心单词 1．under the title of　　　　　　 以……为题 2．can't help being homesick 禁不住想家 3．offer unique insights 提供独特的见解 4．a rare blood type 罕见的血型 5．contact us by e­mail 通过邮件和我们联系 6．the most likely outcome 最可能的结果 7．in the context of this chapter 在本章语境中 8．natural resources 自然资源 9．a rather difficult question 相当难的问题 10．make fair comments on 对……做出公正的评论 11．go downtown 到城镇中心区去 12．the entrance to the museum 博物馆入口处 13．the sports section 体育专栏 14．the emergency exit 紧急出口 二、默写变形单词(依据语境提示写出单词的正确形式) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 三、默写重点短语 1．have trouble (in) doing　 做……有困难 2．in one's free time 在某人的空闲时间 3．fill in a form 填写表格 4．wind up 给(机械)上发条；使(活动、会议等)结束 5．come across 偶然发现；偶然遇见；被理解 6．be aware of 意识到，察觉到 7．be referred to as 被认为是 8．be short for 是……的缩写 四、默写经典句式(完成句子) 1．Have you ever asked yourself why people often have trouble learning English? 你有没有问过自己，为什么人们常常觉得学英语很困难？ 2．Neither is there pine nor apple in pineapple. pineapple (菠萝)里既没有pine (松树)，也没有apple (苹果)。　 重点词汇的深化与拓展 一、自学区—重点词汇系统归纳 1．opposing adj.(观点、意见等)相反的，相对立的 |记|用|法|　 (1)oppose v．　　　　　　　 反对，阻碍 oppose sb./sth. 反对某人/某事 oppose (sb./sth.) doing sth. 反对……做某事 (2)opposed adj. 强烈反对的，截然不同的 be opposed to (doing) sth.　 反对(做)某事 as opposed to (表示对比)而，相对于 名师指津：(1)oppose后接动词时，要用动名词或动名词的复合结构作宾语。 (2)be opposed to, as opposed to中的to均为介词，其后要跟名词、代词或动名词形式。 |学|写|作|　 (话题写作之语言学习)Some students have the opposing view and feel that learning English by watching films is just a waste of time. 一些学生的看法截然不同，他们认为通过看电影学习英语只是在浪费时间。 2．confusing adj.令人困惑的，难以理解的 |记|用|法|　 (1)confuse v．　　　　　　 使迷惑；(将……)混淆 confuse A with/and B 把A和B混淆 be confused by 对……感到困惑 (2)confused adj. 迷惑的；糊涂的 be confused about 对……感到困惑 (3)confusion n. 困惑；混淆；混乱局面 in confusion 困惑地；处于混乱状态 名师指津：be confused by/about ...在句中作非谓语时，要用confused by/about ...形式。 |学|写|作|　 (2024·浙江1月高考写作)Day by day, the hallways were no longer confusing, and the faces more familiar.一天又一天，走廊不再令人困惑，熟悉的面孔也越来越多。 3．reflect v．显示，反映；反射；思考；映出(影像) |记|用|法|　 (1)reflect on/upon　　 仔细考虑/沉思/反省…… reflect sb./sth.in sth. (指镜子等)映出某人/物的影像 be reflected in sth. 反映在，倒映在 (2)reflection n. 显示，反映；反射，映像，沉思 on/upon reflection 经过考虑后(改变看法) be lost in reflection 陷入深思中 |学|写|作|　 (2025·浙江1月高考写作)In our school life, we should reflect on whether our behavior of filming short videos is appropriate. 在我们的校园生活中，我们应该反思拍摄短视频的行为是否恰当。 4．contact n．& v．联系，联络 |记|用|法|　 contact sb. at ...　　 　 　 通过(邮箱、电话等) 与某人联系 lose contact with 与……失去联系(动作) get in/make contact with 与……取得联系(动作) keep/be in contact with 与……保持联系(状态) be out of contact with 与……失去联系(状态) |学|写|作|　 (2024·新高考Ⅰ卷写作)I pointed at my phone and asked him to give his phone number to me so that I could contact him when I came back here. 我指着我的手机，让他给我他的电话号码，这样我回来后可以联系他。 5．likely adj.可能的，可能发生的adv.可能地 |记|用|法|　 (1)sb./sth.be likely to do sth. 某人/某物有可能做某事 It is likely that ... 很可能…… (2)unlikely adj. 不大可能发生的 be unlikely to ... 不可能…… 易混辨析：(1)likely常用于“It is likely that ...”和“sb./sth.be likely to do sth.”句型中。 (2)possible常用于“It is possible (for sb.) to do sth.”和“It is possible that ...”句型中。 (3)probable常用于“It is probable that ...”句型中。 |学|写|作|　 (场景描写)A bolt of lightning crossed the darkened sky, accompanied by a deafening thunderclap, which announced that a heavy rain was likely to arrive. 一道闪电划过漆黑的天空，伴随着震耳欲聋的雷声， 这预示着一场大雨有可能要来临。 6．addition n．增加物，添加物；附加；加法；增加 |记|用|法|　 (1)in addition＝additionally　 并且；此外 in addition to 除……之外(还) (2)add v. 添加，增加；加；补充说 add ...to ... 增添……到…… add up 加起来；相加 add up to 总计为 add that ... 补充说…… (3)additional adj. 附加的，额外的 名师指津：in addition与besides, additionally用法、意义相同，具有副词性质；in addition to相当于besides，具有介词性质。 |学|写|作|　 (2024·浙江1月高考写作)In addition/Additionally, walking can help reduce stress levels, boost energy, and enhance mood. 此外，散步可以帮助减轻压力，增加能量，改善情绪。 7．remind v．提醒，使……想起 |记|用|法|　 (1)remind sb.of/about sth. 提醒某人某事 remind sb.to do sth. 提醒某人去做某事 remind sb. of sb./sth. 使某人想起某人/某事 remind sb. that/how/what ... 提醒某人…… (2)reminder n. 提醒人的事物 |学|写|作|　 (2024·新高考Ⅰ卷写作)Gunter's kindness left a lasting impact, reminding me of goodness in unexpected places. 冈特的善良留下了持久的影响，让我想起了在意想不到的地方(也有)善良。 8．intend v．计划，打算 |记|用|法|　 (1)intend doing/to do sth.　　　 打算做某事 intend sb.to do sth. 打算让某人做某事 had intended to do sth. 本打算做某事 (2)be intended for ... 专为……而设计； 专供……使用的 be intended to do ... 打算做…… (3)intention n. 意图，目的，打算 with an/the intention of ... 打算…… 名师指津：had intended to do sth.＝ intended to have done sth.，均表示“本打算做某事(但事实上没有做)”。 |学|写|作|　 (活动介绍)The campaign is intended to educate the public to protect the environment. 这项活动旨在教育公众保护环境。 9．recognise (recognize) v．认识，辨认出；承认；认可，接受；赏识，公认 |记|用|法|　 (1)recognise ...as/to be ...　 承认……是…… recognise that ... 承认…… It is recognised that ... 人们公认/认识到…… be recognised as sth. 被公认/认可为…… (2)recognition n． 认出；承认；赏识，赞誉 beyond/out of recognition 认不出来 earn recognition 赢得认可 |学|写|作|　 (人物介绍)He is recognised as one of the greatest agricultural scientists in the world. 他是世界公认的最伟大的农业科学家之一。 10．come across偶然发现；偶然遇见；被理解；给人以……印象 |记|用|法|　 come up with　　 　　 提出；想出 come up 走近；上来；被提出，被讨论 come about 发生；产生 come out 出版；(太阳、星星或月亮)出来 When it comes to ... 当涉及/谈到……时 名师指津：当come across表示 “被理解”、come up表示 “被提出”、come out表示 “出版” 时，不能用被动语态。 |学|写|作|　 (建议信)It is highly recommended to refer to Xinhua Dictionary when you come across a challenging Chinese character. 当你遇到一个有挑战性的汉字时，强烈建议你参考《新华字典》。 二、自查区—语基过关自主评价 一、重点词汇精细练 1．opposing　 ①We should learn to listen to those opposing (oppose) opinions, which can really help improve ourselves. ②We oppose using (use) this unusual technique to clone humans. ③(2022·全国乙卷书面表达)65% of the students interviewed choose to listen to songs to learn English, as opposed to only 18% who would like to choose reading. 65%的受访学生选择听歌学习英语，而只有18%的学生愿意选择阅读。 ④(情感、动作描写)Because all of my friends were opposed to my plan, I couldn't resist sobbing, hiding my face in my hands. →With all of my friends opposed to my plan, I couldn't resist sobbing, hiding my face in my hands.(用with复合结构升级) 2．confusing　 ①To avoid confusion (confuse), please write the children's names clearly on all their school clothes. ②I would often get confused (confuse) when I came across new words with a similar spelling. ③(神态描写)From the teacher's confused look, we could see that he hadn't expected that we could raise such a confusing question to him. 从老师脸上困惑的表情我们看出，他没有预料到我们会向他提出这样令人困惑的问题。 ④Confused about/by what to carry, I stuffed all the clothes in my bag, taking no notice of the weight. 我不知道该带些什么，就把所有的衣服都塞进了我的袋子里，根本没有注意到它的重量。 3．reflect　 ①I carried a small lantern and walked around the river.The light was reflected in the river and the reflection looked so beautiful.(reflect) ②(心理描写)Reflecting on/upon her volunteer experience, Tina felt proud of what she managed to achieve together with her local colleagues. 回想起她的志愿者经历，蒂娜为她与当地同事一起取得的成就感到自豪。 ③(景物描写)As the small boat moved slowly along the river, the mountains were silently reflected in the water. 当小船沿着河流慢慢地移动时，群山静静地倒映在水中。 4．contact　 ①If you want to know more details about “a living Lei Feng”， please contact me at the official website. 如果你想知道更多关于“活雷锋”的细节，请通过官方网站联系我。 ②(情节描写)Trapped in the floods, I lost contact with the outside world entirely, hopeless and lonely.Fortunately, the government's rescue team arrived in a timely manner and I got in/made contact with my family. 被困在洪水中，我完全与外界失去了联系，绝望而孤独。幸运的是，政府的救援队及时赶到，我与家人取得了联系。 5．likely　 ①If you don't interview well, you are unlikely (likely) to get the job. ②(建议信)如果你能养成学习英语的好习惯，你就有可能提高学习效率。 →If you can develop good habits of learning English, you are likely to improve your learning efficiency. →If you can develop good habits of learning English, it is likely/possible/probable that you will improve your learning efficiency. →If you can develop good habits of learning English, it is possible for you to improve your learning efficiency. 6．addition　 ①Working out in the morning provides additional (addition) benefits beyond being physically fit. ②The new information adds fuel to the debate over safety procedures. ③In addition/Besides/Additionally, the sun was gradually setting in the west, and the light was gradually fading. 此外，太阳正逐渐西沉，光线也正渐渐暗淡。 ④(景物描写)In addition to small houses with red bricks and green tiles behind peach trees, the most beautiful is a field of rape flowers. 除了桃树后红砖绿瓦的小房子，最美的是一田油菜花。 7．remind　 ①Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles' song “The Long and Winding Road”． ②This has been a timely reminder (remind) of the need for constant care. ③Our days are busy and sometimes we need to be reminded to slow down to appreciate the beautiful things around us. 我们的日子是忙碌的。有时候我们需要被提醒慢下来，去欣赏身边美好的东西。 ④(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷写作)After the award presentation，I raced into my teacher's office，saying excitedly，“Thanks for reminding me that I should pay attention to/reminding me to pay attention to its format and tone before handing in my essay.” 颁奖典礼结束后，我冲进老师的办公室，兴奋地说：“谢谢您提醒我在交文章之前要注意格式和语气。” 8．intend　 ①The writer clearly intends his readers to identify (identify) with the main character. ②The activity is intended to expose (expose) students to a wide range of English reading materials. ③(邀请信)Here comes a piece of good news.Chinese Summer Camp, which is intended for international students, is going to be held in our school this summer vacation. 这里有一个好消息。专门面对国际学生的中文夏令营，今年暑假将在我们学校举办。 ④(2023·全国乙卷书面表达)I am writing to share the experience of learning a new skill during the summer break. →I am writing with the intention of sharing the experience of learning a new skill during the summer break.(用intention升级) 9．recognise　 ①I went back to my hometown after 20 years and the city had changed beyond recognition (recognise)． ②(2022·浙江1月高考写作)More importantly, I earned my teammate's recognition and we have become good friends since then. 更重要的是，我赢得了我的队友的认可，从那时起我们就成了好朋友。 ③(2023·全国甲卷书面表达)Because of his outstanding achievements, he is recognised as the representative figure in this field. 因为他杰出的成就，他被公认为是这一领域的代表人物。 ④(话题写作之人物描写)The easy­going girl was widely recognised as a straight­A student and she was popular among us all. →It was widely recognised that the easy­going girl was a straight­A student and she was popular among us all.(用it作形式主语升级) 10．come across(用come的相关短语完成句子)　 ①He spoke for a long time but his meaning didn't really come across. 他讲了很久，但并没有人真正理解他的意思。 ②(倡议书)In order to prevent this case coming about again, we should improve our awareness of saving and recycling water. 为了防止这种情况再次发生，我们应该提高我们的节约用水及循环用水的意识。 ③The question coming up at the meeting set us all arguing heatedly. 会议上提出的问题让我们激烈地争论起来。 ④(话题写作之个人成长)When it comes to what makes good students, I think they should possess some good qualities such as honesty, kindness, diligence, determination, wisdom and love of our country. 说到什么可成就好学生，我认为他们应该具备一些好的品质，比如诚实、善良、勤奋、坚定、智慧和爱国。 二、易误词汇扫盲练 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．There is a lot of research showing that a positive mood leads to higher levels of productivity and creativity (create)． 2．It is very important to raise awareness (aware) of the dangers of passive smoking. 3．Based (base) on this understanding, we have a good deal of control and responsibility over our carbon footprint. 4．Her behavior (behave) at the party was completely out of character. 5．Now that you are unfamiliar (familiar) with this district, I volunteer to show you around. 6．At the entrance to the park，many people are waiting in line to enter the park.(enter) 7．When an old man sounded the alarm, the alarming whistle made many people alarmed.(alarm) Ⅱ.语境辨义(写出或选出下列加黑词的词性及含义) 1．(熟词生义)The walls were not white, but rather a sort of dirty grey.adv.相反 2．(熟词生义)We did odd jobs like farm work and washing dishes.adj.小的，零散的 3．(熟词生义)The important words are in bold type.n.字体 4．(熟词生义)Anyone, once he tests positive for the bird flu，will receive free medical treatment from the government.adj.阳性的 5．(2023·全国甲卷)Head Chef David Thompson，who received a Michelin star for his London­based Thai restaurant of the same name，opened this branch in the Metropolitan Hotel in 2010.adj.基地(或总部)在…… 6．(一词多义)burn up A．消耗能量　　　B．被烧毁　　　C．(炉火等)烧旺 ①Usually, the satellites burn up about 100km above the earth. B ②Do you know how much energy you will burn up during the relay race？ A ③Mum put more wood on the fire to make it burn up and the room became warm gradually. C 7．(一词多义)title A．n.称号，头衔　B．n.(书刊等的)一种，一本　C．v.加标题 ①(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled “Five Reasons to Thank Your Workout Partner.” C ②She held the title of world champion for three years. A ③It has become the biggest publisher of new poetry in Britain, with 50 new titles a year. B Ⅲ.完成句子 1．It was at that moment that I became aware of the responsibility I was supposed to shoulder. 就在那时，我意识到了我应该承担的责任。 2．I'd like to wind up our interview by wishing you good luck. 我想以祝你好运来结束我们的面试。 3．Jerry rushed home immediately he heard the news, only to find that his house had burnt down. 杰瑞一听到这个消息就冲回家，却发现他的房子被烧毁了。 4．Taking part­time jobs in my free time has enriched my experience. 业余时间做兼职丰富了我的经验。 5．Sorry, I'm busy right now.I am filling in an application form for a new job. 对不起，我现在很忙。我正在填写一份新工作的申请表。 6．It was once referred to as the “kingdom of the bicycle” because of its large cycling population. 它曾经被称为“自行车王国”，因为它有大量的自行车爱好者。 主题表达的积淀与提高 一、学教材典句——写“亮”句子 句式1 have trouble (in) doing ...做……有困难 (1)此结构中的trouble为不可数名词，其前可用some, any, little, no等词修饰。 (2)表示“做某事有困难”的结构有： ①have trouble/difficulty/problems/a hard time with sth.　 ②have trouble/difficulty/problems/a hard time (in) doing sth. ③There's trouble/difficulty/a problem/a hard time with sth. ④There's trouble/difficulty/a problem/a hard time (in) doing sth. ⑤do sth.with difficulty/trouble 注意：句式“sb.have trouble/difficulty/problems/a hard time (in) doing sth.”的常见变体：trouble/difficulty/problems/a hard time sb.have doing sth.，此时trouble/difficulty/problems/a hard time为先行词，sb.have为省略关系词的定语从句，原句式中的介词in省略。 |练|明|句|法|　(单句语法填空) ①Some students have some trouble with grammar while others have difficulty reciting (recite) new words. ②Knowing about the trouble you have learning (learn) English, I give you some advice. ③For me, there is no trouble finishing (finish) the task in two days. |写|亮|句|子| ④(话题写作之人物描写)她不擅长跳远，投球也不好，跑得也不快，但是她思维敏捷。(trouble) She is not good at the long jump; she has trouble (in) throwing a ball; she cannot run really fast, but she has a sharp mind. ⑤(心理描写)在陌生的宿舍里，我很想家，而且我很难适应新环境。 I was feeling homesick in the unfamiliar dormitory, and I had a hard time (in) adjusting to the new environment. 句式2 否定词置于句首的部分倒装句 (1)否定词(短语)置于句首，句子需用部分倒装结构，即把助动词、情态动词或be动词提到主语之前。 (2)有此类用法的否定副词和含有否定意义的介词短语有：neither, never, not, little, seldom, hardly, scarcely, nor, at no time, by no means, in no case, in no way, on no condition等。 |练|明|句|法|　(变换句式) ①We should in no way give up whenever we come across challenges. →In no way should we give up whenever we come across challenges. ②Neither the teacher nor the students had a positive view about the error in the final exam paper. →The teacher didn't have a positive view about the error in the final exam paper and neither/nor did the students. ③Without learning a lesson from the past, we would neither improve skills nor realize our goals. →Without learning a lesson from the past，neither would we improve skills nor would we realize our goals. |写|亮|句|子| ④(情节描写)第二天早上我们刚离开宿舍就意识到我们把地图忘在房间里了。 Hardly had we left the dormitory the next morning when we realized we had left our map in the room.(hardly) ⑤(建议信)我们绝不能忽视反思自己的学习经历；只有通过反思，我们才能真正地成长和进步。 On no condition should we neglect reflecting on our learning experiences; only by doing so can we truly grow and improve. 二、建构语义场——写“活”语境 语境(一)　学习英语的困惑　 1．have much trouble (in) ... 在……方面有很多麻烦 2．cause misunderstanding(s) 引起误解 3．be rather different from 与……完全不同 4．come across unfamiliar words and phrases 遇到不熟悉的单词和短语 5．can't find proper learning resources 找不到合适的学习资源 6．use different words for everyday things 用不同词汇描述日常事物 7．I wasn't sure whether ... 　　 我不确定是否…… 8．It turned out that ... 　　 结果证明…… 9．When I open a dictionary, I often come across a lot of unfamiliar words. 当我打开词典时，我经常会遇到很多不熟悉的单词。 10．I am confused about the differences between American English and British English. 我对美式英语和英式英语的区别感到困惑。 语境(二)　学习英语的方法　 1．get a positive comment　 　 得到积极的评价 2．understand ...from the context 上下文中理解…… 3．come up with a lot of ways 想出很多方法 4．give sb.a better understanding of ... 让某人更好地理解…… 5．give advice on how to learn Englis 出如何学习英语的建议 6．creative ways to learn English 语的创造性的方法 7．be aware of cultural differences 意识到文化差异 8．reflect on my hints 仔细考虑我的提示 9．take an active part in English Corner and other after­class English activities 积极参加英语角和其他课外英语活动 10．Finally, some good English study websites contribute a lot to my improvement. 最后，一些不错的英语学习网站对我的进步也很有帮助。 11．The way to learn a language is to practice speaking it as often as possible. 学习一门语言的方法就是要尽可能经常地练习说。 三、即时微写作——写“美”语段 (一)应用单元所学完成语段——语境复现 An English Learning Strategy English ①is recognised as (被公认为) a most useful language in the world.However, many students have met challenges while learning it.For instance, when you ②come across the same word in different contexts (在不同的语境中偶遇同样的单词), it may have the opposite meaning, and you may ③feel confused (感觉到困惑)．Here's a recipe for you. I think changing your mobile phone language into English is ④the most creative idea (最有创意的想法)．If you do like this, not only will you be exposed to English materials whenever you use your phone, but also you will have to learn many new words in authentic situations.⑤In addition/Additionally (并且), whenever you use the app, the voice will lead you the way in English.Therefore, you'll practice your listening skills. Please ⑥reflect on my hint (思考我的有益建议), have a try and you ⑦are likely to find it useful and funny (可能发现它实用又有趣)．By the way, I ⑧am opposed to/oppose spending too much time (反对花费太多的时间) using your mobile phone. (二)对标单元主题创写语段——发展思维 “我”九岁时从哥伦比亚搬到美国后开始学习英语。在学校里“我”感到被忽视、孤独，但通过听广播、观看电视节目，“我”不仅学会了英语，还了解了其中的文化差异，并学会了如何用英语表达情感。有一次，在数学测验中，“我”的铅笔断了，“我”顺口说出一句英语，这让“我”意识到自己已经融入了新的语言环境。 请你根据上述情节及下面所给首句提示，写一个片段，描写“我”在公共场所开始说英语，引起了老师及同学的注意，结交了朋友，并受邀参加聚会，英语有了很大提高。注意要有叙事性语言、情感描写。 I appeared to be embarrassed at that moment, but in my heart I felt happy.　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　　 参考范文： I appeared to be embarrassed at that moment, but in my heart I felt happy. After all, I began to speak English in public.And after that, the teachers began to pay attention to me, and sometimes they asked me to answer some easy questions.Some classmates came to me after class and played with me.Much to my joy, I made some friends and was even invited to their party and I learned to choose some presents for them.Everyone seemed to know I existed.With teachers and friends around, I made great progress in English. [单元质量评价] 习题讲评(一)　主题阅读训练 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2025·日照模拟)Foreign visitors to the UK might be disappointed when they learn that not everyone there speaks like Harry Potter and his friends.Usually, there's an assumption by many non­Brits that everyone in Britain speaks with what's known as a Received Pronunciation (RP，标准发音) accent, also called “the Queen's English”．However, while many people do talk this way, most Britons speak in their own regional accents. Scouse, Glaswegian and the Black Country — from Liverpool, Glasgow and the West Midlands — are just three of the countless non­RP accents that British people speak with.There are even differences in accents between towns or cities just 30 kilometers apart.What is even more disappointing is that not speaking in a RP accent may mean a British person is judged and even treated differently in their everyday life. In a 2015 study by the University of New South Wales, videos of people reading a passage in three different UK accents were shown to a second group of people.The group then rated how intelligent they thought the readers sounded.The lowest­rated accent was the Brummie accent, native to people from Birmingham, a city whose accent is considered the working class. However, there is no need to be disappointed though you are not speaking in a RP accent.In fact, doing the opposite may even give you advantages. Kong Seong­jae, 25, is an Internet celebrity from Seoul.After studying in the UK, he picked up several regional accents.He's now famous for his online videos, where he shows off the various accents he's learned.“British people usually get really excited when I use some of their local dialect words, and they become much friendlier.I think it makes a bit of bond between local people and foreigners to speak in their local accent，” he said. So if you're working on perfecting your British accent, try to speak like someone from Liverpool, Glasgow or Birmingham.You may not sound like Harry Potter, but you are likely to make more friends. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了英国口音的多样性，指出并非所有英国人都说标准发音RP，且不同地区的口音存在差异。 1．What can we infer from paragraph 1? A．Non­Brits usually hold that all Britons speak in a RP accent. B．Only “the Queen's English” is accepted in the UK.　 C．Foreign visitors are disappointed at their own spoken English. D．Any Received Pronunciation around the world is also called “the Queen's English”． 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Usually, there's an assumption ...called ‘the Queen's English’．”可知，非英国人通常认为，所有的英国人都有标准口音。 2．What do people think of the Brummie accent? A．It is favored by foreign visitors to the UK. B．It is closest to the RP accent. C．It is smart and easy to understand. D．It is spoken by people of the working class. 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The lowest­rated accent ...considered the working class.”可知，人们认为工人阶级的人说伯明翰口音。 3．What does the underlined phrase “doing the opposite” in paragraph 4 refer to? A．Speaking in a RP accent. B．Speaking in regional accents. C．Speaking the Brummie accent. D．Speaking like Harry Potter. 解析：选B　词义猜测题。根据画线词前面的句子“However, there is no need to be disappointed though you are not speaking in a RP accent.”可知，然而，尽管你发音不标准，也没有必要失望。由此推断出此处表达的是“事实上，说话带有地方口音甚至可能会给你优势。B项“Speaking in regional accents.”与原文表达一致。 4．What is the text mainly about? A．A study about the most intelligent accent in Britain. B．A comparison between different British accents. C．How much British people value the RP accent. D．The impact of regional accents on people's lives. 解析：选D　主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文通过介绍英国标准音之外的一些方言使用情况，说明了英国的口音多样性以及地方口音对人们生活的影响。 B (2025·雅安模拟)When you ask people to judge others by their speech, a trend emerges: Listeners dislike disfluency.Slow talkers producing loads of ums and pauses are generally considered as less charming.But science tells us there may be even more to disfluency. Disfluencies do not occur in arbitrary positions in sentences.Ums typically occur right before more difficult or low­frequency words.Imagine you're having dinner with a friend at a restaurant, and there're three items on the table: a knife, a glass, and a wine decanter (醒酒器)．Your friend turns to you and says, “Could you hand me the ...um ...” What would you assume your friend wants? Since it's unlikely that they will hesitate before such common words as knife, and glass, chances are you'll pick up the decanter and ask, “You mean this？” This is exactly what we demonstrated through controlled eye­tracking studies in our lab.Apparently, listeners hear the um and predict that an uncommon word is most likely to follow.Such predictions, though, reflect more than just simple association between disfluencies and difficult words; listeners are actively considering from the speaker's point of view.For example, when hearing a non­native speaker say the same sentence but with a thick foreign accent, listeners don't show a preference for looking at low­frequency objects.This is probably because listeners assume non­native speakers may have as much trouble coming up with the English word for a common object, like a knife, as for unusual ones and can't guess their intention. In another experiment, listeners were presented with an atypical speaker who produced disfluencies before simple words and never before difficult words.Initially, participants displayed the natural predictive strategy: looking at uncommon objects.However, as more time went by, they gained experience with this atypical distribution of disfluencies.And listeners started to demonstrate the contrary predictive behavior: They tended to look at simple objects when hearing the speaker say um. These findings represent further evidence that the human brain is a prediction machine: We continuously try to predict what will happen next, even though not all disfluencies are created equal. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了听众如何通过说话者的不流畅性如“呃”停顿来预测接下来可能说出的词汇。 5．What does the underlined word “arbitrary” mean in paragraph 2? A．Random.　　　　　 B．Leading. C．Obvious. D．Consistent. 解析：选A　词义猜测题。根据第二段画线词后“Ums typically occur right before”可知，画线词所在句子意思是说话中的不流畅并非随机出现在句子中，故画线词arbitrary与A项“随机的”意义相近。 6．What can be inferred from non­native speakers' disfluencies? A．Non­native speakers' accent won't influence listeners' predictions. B．Non­native speakers are good at coming up with unusual English words. C．Non­native speakers' intention in communication is easy to understand. D．Non­native speakers' disfluencies are a little less predictive. 解析：选D　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“This is probably because ...can't guess their intention.”可知，非母语者的不流畅性稍微不那么具有预测性。 7．What does the experiment in paragraph 4 show? A．Simple things are difficult in some cases. B．Listeners can adjust predictions accordingly. C．Distribution of disfluencies is unchangeable. D．Disfluencies in communication can be avoided. 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第四段可知，随着听众适应了这种异常的不流畅分布，听众可以相应地调整预测。 8．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．Pauses Coexist with Prediction B．Active Listeners Simplify Talks C．Disfluency Says More Than You Think D．Brains Are Powerful Prediction Machines 解析：选C　标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了听众如何通过说话者的不流畅性 (如“呃”停顿) 来预测接下来可能说出的词汇，说明了说话不流畅比我们以为的传达了更多信息。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五 (2025·南宁模拟)Before children can learn to read, they need to have a good understanding of basic words and what they mean. 9 ， there are very easy ways that you can build a preschooler's vocabulary. Visiting the library If you are looking for a great place to start building your preschooler's vocabulary and early reading skills, look no further than your local library.Research shows a strong correlation between library use and literacy­building skills in young children. 10 ， ask your librarian for help. Using descriptive words When it comes to increasing your child's vocabulary, more is better.The more words your child hears, the more he or she will learn.For example, when describing a fabric pattern, try using words such as unusual, relaxing, or creative.These words may be beyond a kid's understanding right now. 11 . Making labels If you want your preschoolers to learn more words, then make it easy. 12 .Using a label maker to name commonly used items so they can learn to recognize what the word looks like.For example, if her toys are separated into different boxes of like items, label them, such as blocks, dolls, cars, books, etc. 13 Besides being a wonderful way to spend quality time with your preschooler, reading aloud is a great way to expose your preschooler to new words.Choose books that are of interest to your preschooler but that use words that are slightly above their understanding.Together you can work through what they mean, by using context — the other words on the page and any pictures that might be on the page as well. A．Reading aloud together B．Spending time together C．While that may sound a bit difficult D．In addition to saying them often, show them too E．If you aren't sure what to do when you get there F．But by using them in the proper context, you'll make them understandable G．The more parents help children overcome challenges, the better they'll be for kindergarten 语篇解读：本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了建立学龄前儿童词汇量的一些简单适用的方法。 9．选C　上文提到孩子们在学习阅读之前需要理解基本单词，下文提到有一些非常简单的方法可以帮助你建立一个学龄前儿童的词汇量，C项(虽然这听起来有点困难)符合语境，与下文形成转折关系。 10．选E　根据下文“ask your librarian for help”可知，空处是下文的条件，即在图书馆遇到的问题，E项(如果你不确定当你到达那里时要做什么)符合语境，此句中的there指代图书馆。 11．选F　上文说明在描述织物图案时，一些单词会超出孩子们的理解范围，F项(但是通过在适当的语境中使用它们，你就可以让它们变得容易理解)与前文形成转折，强调利用语境理解的重要性，同样表示利用描述性单词的恰当方法，符合语境。 12．选D　上文提到要想让儿童学习更多的单词，那就让单词简单易懂，下文提到利用标签机给物品命名，将单词和它的样子联系起来，D项(除了经常说，也要展示给他们看)承上启下，引出下文给孩子展示物品。 13．选A　根据本空的位置可知，本空考查段落主旨句。下文提到要让学龄前儿童大声朗读这些单词，A项(一起朗读)符合本段主旨。 习题讲评(二)　语用综合训练 Ⅰ.语法填空 (2025·普洱模拟)We use both words and body language to express 1 (we) thoughts and opinions in interactions with other people.Just like spoken language, body language 2 (vary) from culture to culture.For example, making eye contact — looking into someone's eyes — in some countries is a way 3 (display) interest.In other countries, eye contact is not always approved 4 .For example, in many Middle Eastern countries, men and women are not 5 (social) permitted to make eye contact.In Japan, it may demonstrate respect to look down when talking to 6 old.The gesture for “OK” has different 7 (meaning) in different cultures.In Japan, someone 8 witnesses another person employing the gesture might think it means money.However, you should avoid making this gesture in Brazil and Germany.Even the gestures we use for “yes” and “no” differ around the world.In many countries, 9 (shake) one's head means “no”， and nodding means “yes”．By 10 (compare), in Bulgaria and southern Albania, the gestures have the opposite meaning. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章指出同一肢体语言在不同的国家或文化背景下可能有不同的意义，我们要学会正确地使用肢体语言。 1．our　考查代词。修饰名词词组thoughts and opinions，应用形容词性物主代词our作定语。 2．varies　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。vary(呈现差异)是句中谓语动词，与主语body language之间是主动关系，描述客观事实应使用一般现在时态，又因主语表示单数意义，谓语动词应使用单数形式。 3．to display　考查非谓语动词。名词way在此意为“方式”，其后常用不定式作后置定语。a way to display interest意为“一种表达兴趣的方式”。 4．of　考查介词。approve of是固定短语，表示“赞成，认可”，句中使用了被动语态。 5．socially　考查副词。修饰动词permitted，应用副词socially作状语，意为“在社会上；在社交方面”。 6．the　考查冠词。“定冠词the＋形容词”是固定结构，用于特指某一类人或物。句中the old意为“老人”，作宾语。 7．meanings　考查名词复数。可数名词meaning作宾语，意为“意思，意义”，有形容词different(不同的)修饰，应用复数形式。 8．who/that　考查定语从句。此处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词someone，指人，关系词在定语从句中作主语，应用关系代词who或that引导。 9．shaking　考查非谓语动词。固定短语shake one's head作主语，shake应用动名词形式shaking。 10．comparison　考查名词。介词后应用名词作宾语。by comparison意为“相比之下；比较起来”。 Ⅱ.应用文写作 假定你是李华，你校这学期进行了一系列的英语讲座，上周邀请外教Jim做了关于英语词汇学习的讲座，请你给他写一封邮件，内容包括： 1．表达感谢并说明原因； 2．建议下周讲解的内容。 注意：1.写作词数应为80左右； 2．请按如下格式作答。 Dear Jim， 　 　 　 　 　 　 Yours， Li Hua 参考范文： Dear Jim， Thank you very much indeed for the wonderful lecture you gave on English vocabulary learning.I've learnt really a lot from the lecture, because you helped me overcome the bottleneck of vocabulary memorization.However, I am still puzzled by some difficulties in reading, especially when it comes to strange words.For example, I find it hard to guess the unfamiliar words when reading.Would you please give me some advice? Would you give a speech about the use of different words in different contexts next week? I would be really grateful if you could help me out. Yours， Li Hua 单元语基的晨读与默写 [说明：晨读内容见《微时光背诵》分册。以下默写部分课前学生自主完成，检测评价晨读识记效果] 一、默写核心单词 1．a major character　 　 　　　　 主要人物 2．approach the town 走近城镇 3．have a long chat 聊了很久 4．focus on economic development 关注经济发展 5．a teaching career 教学生涯 6．the generation gap 代沟 7．currently in effect 目前有效的 8．exercise regularly 经常锻炼 9．never tell anything nowadays 如今什么都不说 10．the biggest theme park 最大的主题公园 11．a wide range of facilities 各种各样的设施 12．a fund­raising event 筹款活动 13．the environmental impact of tourism 旅游业对环境的影响 14．the series against England 与英格兰队的系列比赛 15．throw flowers onto the stage 把鲜花抛向舞台 16．obviously important 显重要的 17．a special feature on education 关于教育的专题文章 18．a highly individual style of dress 十分独特的衣着风格 19．take extra care 格外小心 20．despite her earnest efforts 尽管她尽心竭力 21．throughout the year 一年到头 22．a million things 很多很多的事情 23．manage somehow 总能应付过去 24．indeed fortunate 确实幸运 二、默写变形单词(依据语境提示写出单词的正确形式) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 三、默写重点短语 1．turn to ...for ...　 　　 向……求助…… 2．focus on 集中(注意力、精力等)于 3．be proud of 为……感到骄傲，以……自豪 4．make up for 补偿，弥补 5．in the lead 领先 6．have an impact on 对……有影响 7．leave ... behind 把……抛在后面；超过 8．end up 最终成为 9．settle for 勉强接受，将就 四、默写经典句式(完成句子) 1．Oh look, here comes my boy. 哟，我儿子来了。 2．Playing in a band is not a job. 搞乐队根本不是份工作。 3．With just 700 metres to go, Alistair Brownlee was in third place and his younger brother, Jonny, was in the lead. 距终点还有700米，阿利斯泰尔·布朗利位列第三，他的弟弟乔尼处于领先地位。　 重点词汇的深化与拓展 一、自学区—重点词汇系统归纳 1．approach v．走近，靠近；接近；处理n.方法，态度；靠近，接近；道路，路径 |记|用|法|　 (1)approach sb./sth.　 接近/靠近某人/某物 (2)at the approach of ...＝with ...approaching 在快到……的时候 an approach to ... ……的方法/通道(to为介词) 名师指津：表达“在快到……的时候”，approach作名词时，构成短语at the approach of ...；作动词时，构成短语with＋n.＋approaching。 |学|写|作|　 (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷写作)When approaching the finish line, he burst into a big toothy smile. 当接近终点线时，他突然露齿而笑了。 2．focus v．(把……)集中(于) n．焦点，焦距，中心 |记|用|法|　 (1)focus on/upon　　　 集中(注意力、精力等)于 focus one's attention/eyes/energy/mind on ... 集中某人的注意力/目光/精力/思想于…… (2)the focus of ... ……的焦点 come into focus 成为焦点 bring/throw ...into focus 使……成为关注的焦点 |学|写|作|　 (2024·全国甲卷书面表达)Today I'd like to focus on some major developments, which include shared bicycles, high­speed trains and new energy vehicles. 今天我想重点谈谈一些主要的发展，包括共享单车、高铁和新能源汽车。 联想发散：表示“集中精力于……”的短语还有： concentrate one's attention on, fix one's attention on, put one's heart into, be absorbed in (doing) ..., apply oneself to ...等。 3．assume v．假定，假设，认为；设想；装出 |记|用|法|　 (1)assume sb./sth.to be ... 假定/假设某人/某事为…… assume that ...　　　　　　 设想/认为…… It is assumed that ... 人们认为…… (2)assumption n. 假定，假设 on the assumption that ... 假设/假定…… (3)assuming (that) ... 假设/假定…… |学|写|作|　 (话题写作之饮食健康)It is assumed that a well­balanced diet, rich in fruits, vegetables, and lean proteins, is essential for maintaining good health. 一般认为，一个富含水果、蔬菜和精瘦蛋白质的均衡饮食对于保持良好的健康是必要的。 联想发散：assuming (that) ...“假设/假定…… ”中的assuming为连词。类似的表达还有：supposing (that), providing/provided (that), on condition that, in case等。 4．respect v．尊敬，敬重；遵守，遵从 n．尊敬；方面；敬意； [pl.]问候 |记|用|法|　 (1)respect sb.for sth.　　　　　 因为某事尊重某人 (2)have/show respect for sb. 对某人表示尊重 give/send one's respects to sb. 代某人问候某人 in respect of＝with respect to 就……而言；关于 out of respect for ... 出于对……的尊敬 易混辨析：respectable 表示“值得尊敬的”，respectful指“尊敬的，表示敬意的”， respective表示“分别的，各自的”。 |学|写|作|　 (2023·全国甲卷书面表达)Confucius stressed the self­cultivation, respect for elders, and the pursuit of knowledge, which serves as a guiding light in our fast­paced and interconnected world. 孔子强调修身、敬老、求知，这是我们这个快节奏、相互联系的世界的指路明灯。 5．aim v．力求达到；瞄准；目的是，旨在n.目标；目的；瞄准 |记|用|法|　 (1)aim at/for　　　　 瞄准 aim to do sth./at doing sth. 旨在做某事/力求达成某事(主语往往是人) be aimed at (doing) sth. 旨在(做)某事(主语往往是物) (2)take aim at 向……瞄准 with the aim of 以……为目标；意在/旨在…… |学|写|作|　 (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷写作)“Talk and Talk” is aimed at improving students' oral English as well as enhancing their understanding of English cultures. “Talk and Talk”旨在提高学生的英语口语水平，同时增强他们对英语文化的理解。 6．observe v．庆祝，过(节日、生日等)；观察；注意到；遵守 |记|用|法|　 (1)observe sb./sth.do sth. 注意到某人/某物做了某事 observe sb./sth.doing sth. 注意到某人/某物正在做某事 observe＋that从句　 发现…… (2)observation n. 观察，观测，监视；评论 名师指津：observe sb.do sth.变为被动语态时，需将do前省略的不定式符号to补上，即sb.be observed to do sth.。 |学|写|作|　 (景物描写)On the top of Mount Tai, we excitedly observed the sun rising from the sea of clouds. 在泰山山顶，我们激动地看到太阳正从云海之中升起。 7．range n．一系列；山脉；范围；种类v.排列；(在一定范围内)变化，变动 |记|用|法|　 (1)in/within range (of sth.)　　 在……范围内 beyond/out of range (of sth.) 在……范围外 a wide/full range of 各种各样的 (2)range from ...to ... 在……范围内变动；包括从……到…… range between ...and ... 在……和……范围内变化 |学|写|作|　 (活动介绍)Our topics range from all types of current affairs at home and abroad to entertainment, sports life in school.我们的话题从国内外各类时事到学校的娱乐、体育生活。 8．apologise (apologize) v．道歉 |记|用|法|　 (1)apologise (to sb.) for (doing) sth. 因(做)某事(向某人)道歉 (2)apology n. 道歉 make an apology to sb.for (doing) sth. 因(做)某事而向某人道歉 accept/refuse sb.'s apology 接受/拒绝某人的道歉 owe sb.an apology 应向某人道歉 |学|写|作|　 (道歉信)I'm writing to apologise to you for not returning your book on time. 我写信是为没有按时归还你的书向你表示歉意。 9．leave ...behind 把……抛在后面；超过；永久离开(某人、某地或某国)；遗留 |记|用|法|　 leave sb./sth.alone　　 不去打扰某人；别碰某物 leave for 出发去某地 leave off 停止；中断 leave aside 不予考虑；搁置一边 leave out 遗漏，省略，删去；忽视 |学|写|作|　 (话题写作之人物描写)He didn't leave expensive things behind, but he was a kind loving father and left behind his best love.他没有留下昂贵的东西，但他是一位慈爱的父亲，留下了最好的爱。 二、自查区—语基过关自主评价 一、重点词汇精细练 1．approach　 ①The job market has changed and our approach to finding (find) work must change as well. ②We need to take a different approach to the problem. ③At the approach of the Lantern Festival, the streets are decorated with all kinds of colorful lanterns.(approach n．) 在快到元宵节的时候，大街上点缀着各式各样彩色的灯笼。 ④(动作描写)随着公交车靠近目的地，他浑身颤抖，如坐针毡。 →As the bus was approaching the destination, he shook all over, feeling like sitting on pins and needles.(as引导状语从句) →With the bus approaching the destination, he shook all over, feeling like sitting on pins and needles.(with复合结构) 2．focus　 ①As she ran down the track during the training, Sarah focused on/upon her breath, allowing her to feel more in harmony with her surroundings. ②Her attention was focused (focus) on the cooking class and she was eager to absorb every technique the chef was showing. ③(话题写作之环境保护)As is known to us all, health and environmental problems have become the focus of attention. 众所周知，健康和环境问题已成为人们关注的焦点。 ④(神态描写)He focused his attention on the blackboard and didn't notice the birds outside. →Focusing his attention on the blackboard, he didn't notice the birds outside.(用分词短语升级) →With his attention focused on the blackboard, he didn't notice the birds outside.(用with复合结构升级) →His attention focused on the blackboard, he didn't notice the birds outside.(用独立主格结构升级) 3．assume　 ①Our world can be a better place on the assumption (assume) that everyone can make a contribution to our society. ②We must assume him to be (be) innocent until he is proved guilty. ③(申请信)In summary, assuming (that)/on the assumption that I am chosen to be president of the Student Union, I will regularly organize a range of after­class activities to enrich our school life. 总之，假设我被选为学生会主席，我将定期组织一系列的课外活动来丰富我们的学校生活。 ④People assume that drinking Chinese tea can not only refresh ourselves but also strengthen our memory. →It is generally assumed that not only can drinking Chinese tea refresh ourselves but also it can strengthen our memory.(用“it作形式主语”和“not only ...but also ...的倒装结构”升级) 4．respect　 ①It's important to have respect for your dedicated teachers and listen attentively in every class to polish your skills. ②We grow up with warnings not to waste a single grain of rice, out of respect for farmers' labor. 在我们的成长中，经常被告诫一粒米也不能浪费，这是出于对农民劳动的尊重。 ③(2023·全国甲卷书面表达)Lin Zexu won the respect of Chinese people due to the great contributions he made to our society. 林则徐因其对社会的巨大贡献而赢得了中国人民的尊敬。 ④(申请信)In respect of/With respect to spoken English, I once won the first prize in the spoken English contest in our school. 关于英语口语，我曾在我们学校的英语口语比赛中获得一等奖。 5．aim　 ①The industry has taken aim at the product that has appeared as its replacement. ②With the aim of witnessing our growth, a coming­of­age ceremony took place in our school on June 8th. ③Aiming to enrich (enrich) the elder's leisure life after their retirement, they will hold a series of activities. ④(2023·天津高考书面表达)作为一名在英国学校的交换生，我很高兴听到即将成立的旨在促进中英两国文化交流的中国工坊的消息。 →As an exchange student in a British school, I am thrilled to hear about the upcoming Chinese Workshop which/that is aimed at promoting cultural exchange between China and the UK.(定语从句) →As an exchange student in a British school, I am thrilled to hear about the upcoming Chinese Workshop aimed at promoting cultural exchange between China and the UK.(分词短语作定语) 6．observe　 ①When I passed his house, I observed him playing (play) at the entrance to his yard. ②Sherlock Holmes is famous as a detective as he is known to everybody for his quick thinking and careful observation (observe)． ③(话题写作之节日习俗)However far it is, Chinese people will return to their homes to observe the Spring Festival. 无论距离多远，中国人都会回家过年。 ④(动作描写)It was at dawn that someone observed him leave the building hastily and take a taxi away. →It was at dawn that he was observed to leave the building hastily and take a taxi away.(改为被动句) 7．range　 ①When we reached the top of the mountain, the entire city came into view, lying beautifully in/within range. ②The professor's voice was soft, and if you sat at the back of the lecture hall, his words would often be beyond range. ③(活动介绍)The activities range from Chinese calligraphy competition to paper cutting, martial arts, appreciation of Beijing Opera and so on. 活动包括书法比赛、剪纸、武术、京剧欣赏等。 ④The national park has a large collection of wildlife, ranging from butterflies to elephants. →The national park has a large collection of wildlife, which ranges from butterflies to elephants.(改为定语从句) 8．apologise　 ①I owe you an apology (apologise) for the fact that I cannot go to the bookstore with you on Friday afternoon. ②(道歉信)我必须向你道歉，本周六我不能教你制作中国结了。 →I have to apologise to you for not being able to teach you to make Chinese knots this Saturday.(apologise) →I have to make an apology to you for not being able to teach you to make Chinese knots this Saturday.(apology) 9．leave ...behind(用leave的相关短语完成句子) ①He's trying to pick a quarrel, so it's better to leave him alone.他想挑起争端，所以最好别管他。 ②He ran so fast that the other runners were all left far behind. 他跑得太快了，其他跑步者都远远落后了。 ③(求助信)I'd appreciate it if you could help me look through the paper to check whether I have left out some information.如果你能帮我看一下这篇论文，看看我是否遗漏了一些信息，我将不胜感激。 ④(建议信)I think the problem can be solved if we leave emotion aside and just work analytically. 如果我们将情绪放在一边，只是进行理性的分析，我认为这一问题就能解决。 二、易误词汇扫盲练 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．We will refund your money to you in full if it is not suitable (suit) for you. 2．According to Professor Johnson, we don't have to read the book if we don't want to, as it is optional (option)． 3．His devotion to his work was admirable (admire) and he was praised by the boss. 4．All the details of the meeting are fresh in my memory (memorise)． 5．I think the company places too much stress on costs but not enough on quality. 6．Feeling a lump in the throat, I clapped my hands even more loudly, determined never to judge a book by its cover. 7．Now that you have grown up, you should be responsible for what you are doing and set an example to the future generations. Ⅱ.语境辨义(写出或选出下列加黑词的词性及含义) 1．(熟词生义)She stressed the importance of careful preparation.v.强调 2．(熟词生义)Jon featured in one of the show's most thrilling episodes.v.由……主演 3．(熟词生义)My father could hardly contain his pride in me and he couldn't resist praising me.v.抑制；控制 4．(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)And in contrast to our increasingly networked lives where the information we consume is monitored and tracked, a printed book still offers the chance of a wholly private，“off­line” activity.v.追踪 5．(2022·全国乙卷)The “First International Tea Day Tea Road Cooperative Initiative” issued at the ceremony calls for people working in the tea industry to come together to promote international cooperation and cultural exchanges.v.公布；发布 6．(一词多义)character A．n.文字　　B．n.特点　　C．n.角色，人物　　D．n.性格 E．n.人品 ①To frame his story, Klein creates the character of Ned, a fictional witness to the progress brought about by the steam and electric revolutions in America during one man's lifetime. C ②Not only do they teach us knowledge, but they also help us shape our character. D ③The rumor can damage a person's character. E ④I'm writing to sincerely invite you to attend the Chinese Character Dictation Contest to be held in our school. A ⑤(2023·全国乙卷)Although landscapes in the Midwest tend to be quite similar, either farm fields or highways, sometimes I find distinctive character in the hills or lakes. B Ⅲ.完成句子 1．Convinced that his father would come back soon, the little boy calmed down. 小男孩确信父亲很快就会回来，于是平静了下来。 2．Every time she went to see that movie, she ended up crying her eyes out. 她每次去看那部电影，最后都会哭得稀里哗啦的。 3．Five years older than the majority of officers of his same rank, he was determined to make up for lost time. 他比大多数同级别军官年长五岁，决心弥补失去的时间。 4．She understood his meaning, and took his advice. 她理解了他的意思，接受了他的建议。 5．Thanks to our original design and perfect technological creation, our products have been in the lead all the time. 由于我们的原创设计和完善的技术创造，我们的产品一直处于领先地位。 主题表达的积淀与提高 一、学教材典句——写“亮”句子 句式1 完全倒装 为了保持句子平衡或为了强调表语或状语，常使用完全倒装结构。完全倒装句使用规则如下： (1)当表语是分词(短语)、副词、形容词、介词短语，而主语比较长且主语是名词时，为了保持句子平衡或强调表语，常将表语和系动词置于主语之前，引起句子完全倒装。句型结构为“分词(短语)/副词/形容词/介词短语＋be＋主语”。 (2)表示时间、方位等的副词或表示地点的介词短语，如： here, there, now, then, up, down, in, out, off 等放在句首，而主语是名词，且谓语动词是 be, lie, sit, stand, come, go, exist, live, rush等动词时，句子用完全倒装。 (3)there be句型也属于一种完全倒装句。该句型中的be可以替换成表示“存在”的动词，如：live, exist, lie, stand, seem, rise, remain, happen, come, go等。句型结构为“there＋存在类动词＋主语”。 注意：当主语是人称代词时，不用倒装语序。 |练|明|句|法|　(变换句式) ①A voice he had never heard before came out of the darkness. →Out of the darkness came a voice he had never heard before. ②A professional dancer stood on the stage, attracting the audience with her grace. →On the stage stood a professional dancer, attracting the audience with her grace. ③My friend walked into the dark apartment, who was quite surprised when everyone shouted “Happy Birthday”． →Into the dark apartment walked my friend, who was quite surprised when everyone shouted “Happy Birthday”． |写|亮|句|子| ④(场景描写)公共汽车上已经挤满了人，前面坐着很多运动员。 The bus was already crowded，in the front of which were sitting quite a few athletes. ⑤(环境描写)县城东面有一条清澈见底的小溪，两岸绿树成荫，鲜花盛开。 East of the county lies a crystal­clear stream, both of whose banks are lined with green trees and colorful flowers. 句式2 with 复合结构 “with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”的复合结构常在句中作状语，有时也可作定语。其常见形式如下： |练|明|句|法|　(变换句式) ①Because a guide will show us around the scenic spots, we're sure to have a good time. →With a guide to show us around the scenic spots, we're sure to have a good time. ②There are several problems remaining to be solved, so we still need to hold another meeting as soon as possible. →With several problems remaining to be solved, we still need to hold another meeting as soon as possible. ③He focused his mind on his work and didn't notice what was happening outside. →With his mind focused on his work, he didn't notice what was happening outside. |写|亮|句|子| ④(景物描写)公园里充满了春天的清新和美丽，阳光明媚，鸟儿歌唱。 The park was full of freshness and beauty of spring, with the sun shining and birds singing. ⑤(话题写作之节日)随着春节的临近，城市被五颜六色的灯笼和节日装饰品装饰起来。 With the Spring Festival approaching, the city was decorated with colorful lanterns and festive decorations. 二、建构语义场——写“活”语境 语境(一)　分歧与冲突　 1．turn into a dispute　　　　　 演变成一场争执 2．become cold and guarded 变得冷漠且谨慎 3．become the target of your anger 成为你发火的对象 4．result in such a tense family relationship 导致这种紧张的家庭关系 5．cannot see eye to eye with them on anything 无法在任何事情上与他们达成一致 6．I'm under a lot of stress these days because my parents are always comparing me with my friends. 这段时间我压力很大，因为我的父母总是把我和我的朋友作比较。 语境(二)　化解冲突　 1．calm down　　　　　　　　　 冷静下来 2．make up for 弥补，补偿 3．apologise to my father 向我父亲道歉 4．advise sb.to think carefully 建议某人仔细考虑 5．sadly explain what happened 伤心地解释发生的事情 6．struggle to control your feelings 努力控制你的情绪 7．work together to improve your relationship 齐心协力改善你们的关系 8．Why don't you take my advice and think carefully before jumping in with both feet? 为什么你不按照我说的，三思而后行？ 语境(三)　亲情无价　 1．give us warmth and comfort 给我们温暖和安慰 2．Serious as he is, ... 虽然他很严肃，…… 3．encourage each other as much as they can 他们尽可能地互相鼓励 4．I guess love is indeed a magical ingredient. 我认为爱确实是一种神奇的成分。 5．I decided to surprise her with home­made scrambled eggs. 我决定亲手做炒鸡蛋给她一个惊喜。 6．His brother was in trouble.He had to help. 弟弟遇到了麻烦，他必须施以援手。 7．At that moment, he was no longer an athlete aiming for a medal — he was just a brother. 在那一刻，他不再是一名想赢得奖牌的运动员——他只是一位兄长。 语境(四)　家庭记忆　 1．speak of the lovely memory　　 说到美好的回忆 2．end up laughing 以笑声结束 3．It made me feel so ...　 这让我觉得如此…… 4．East or west, home is the best. 金窝银窝，不如自己的狗窝。 5．I was tidying my room yesterday and found an old photo in a notebook. 昨天我在整理房间时，在笔记本里发现了一张旧照片。 6．As I was looking at it, the lovely memory of that day came back to me. 当我看着它的时候，那天的美好记忆又回到了我的脑海里。 三、即时微写作——写“美”语段 (一)应用单元所学完成语段——语境复现 There are many respectable people around us.For me, the man I respect most is my father. ①Serious as he is (虽然他很严肃), he seldom expresses himself, but he always cares about my study and life. There was a time when I was addicted to the novels.I almost ②focused on reading the novels (集中精力读小说) every day, which had a bad impact on my study. ③Observing my behavior (观察到我的行为), my father lost temper in front of me.I knew I should be responsible for what I did and ④should apologise to my father (应该向父亲道歉)．However, my father was not angry at all and encouraged me to leave it behind. My father, like a shining star, ⑤shines on my way to success forever (永远照耀着我走向成功的道路)． (二)对标单元主题完成语段——完善细节 1．化解分歧的经过(表达逻辑：观念冲突→换位思考) “ I want to become a painter.” Priya answered on the sofa.“I do not mind struggling, even striving to realize my dream.” ①Struck by the child's determination (被孩子的决心所打动), Surya ②was lost in thought (陷入沉思)．She and her husband always ③wanted their daughter to be an engineer or a doctor (想让他们的女儿成为一个工程师或医生)．They believed painting couldn't guarantee her bread and butter but engineering or medicine could.Maybe they should ④think carefully before jumping in with both feet (三思而后行) on the issue. 2．误会解除后的心理活动(表达逻辑：惊讶→羞愧→激动) ①To my surprise (让我意外的是), my dad allowed me to use the money as I wished.It was at the very moment that I got to realize that ②I had misunderstood him before (我以前误会了他)．③So ashamed was I that I lowered my head (我如此羞愧，以至于低下了头；倒装结构), unable to utter a word.Seeing this, my dad just patted me on the back and added meaningfully, “Labor is a big step towards growing up, and I hope you can use the money wisely.” ④Wild with joy (欣喜若狂), I threw my arms around him. 3．来自手足的亲情和爱(关键词：温暖、感动) John scratched his head and asked his brother, “Aren't you afraid of being hit？” “I could have run away, but ①you are in trouble and I have to help (你遇到了麻烦，我必须施以援手)．” His brother replied ②in a determined voice (以坚定的声音)．Hearing the words, John felt a sense of warmth welling up inside his body ③with tears of gratitude streaming down his cheeks (感激的泪水顺着他的脸颊流下来)． 4．难忘的家庭记忆(关键词：温暖、感动) It's true that family is an important part of our life.Family ①not only gives us warmth and comfort (不仅给我们温暖和安慰), but also support and strength.②Speaking of the lovely memory (说到美好的回忆), one floods back instantly.Once my parents promised to give me a gift if I did well in exams.Unluckily, the result was bad.③Instead of criticizing me (没有批评我), my father said, “No problem, next time you can do better, and the gift is still for you！”I was greatly moved.④Whenever I recall it (每当我回忆起这件事), a classic saying comes to my mind: “East or west, home is the best.” [单元质量评价] 习题讲评(一)　主题阅读训练 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2025·太原模拟)When I suggested my 13­year­old try tennis, she quickly shot me down.“I'm not sporty, so stop trying to get me to do sports，” Julianna said.I suggested it because some of my recent happiest memories were of playing ping­pong with her.Tennis seemed like a natural progression from ping­pong and a great way to work out some of her growing teen worries on a larger playing field.But my suggestion was always met with resistance. Still, I was undeterred.I was convinced that releasing some physical energy would help Julianna.I've seen how sports help deal with stress.It worked for me when I was a teenage girl. Midway through summer, we stayed at home one afternoon, really bored.“Do you want to play tennis？”I asked.“Sure，” she said.Arriving at the court, we set down our bags, picked up our rackets (球拍), and headed towards our sides of the court.The net felt like the visual representation of a growing divide between us — I desiring a connection and my teenage daughter longing for independence. I started by hitting a ball over the net, and Julianna took a big swing and missed.We repeated this several more times.I resisted the urge to tell her she was holding the racket too close to the neck or to step more into her forehand.We just repeated the pattern of me hitting the ball and her missing it a few times before she finally got it back over the net.“This is fun，” she said with a mixture of surprise and joy and then she smiled widely. Now we always find time to play tennis.We're both eager for an activity that can ease tensions between us in daily life.It's nice to have a place where both of us can release our negative feelings and let them go. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者和女儿通过打网球缓和了彼此之间的关系的故事。 1．Why did the author advise Julianna to try tennis? A．To bring back good memories. B．To help manage her emotions. C．To bridge the divide between them. D．To work off her physical energy. 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“I've seen how sports help deal with stress.”可知，作者建议Julianna尝试网球是因为它有助于Julianna管理她的情绪。 2．What does the underlined word “undeterred” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Undiscouraged.　 　 　 B．Unworried. C．Unsuccessful. D．Unsurprised. 解析：选A　词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“When I suggested my 13­year­old try tennis, she quickly shot me down” “my suggestion was always met with resistance”以及第二段中的“Still” “I was convinced ...girl”和第三段中的“‘Do you want to play tennis？’ I asked.‘Sure，’she said”可知，虽然女儿经常拒绝作者的提议，但是作者并没有放弃，没有因此而气馁。由此可推知，画线词undeterred的含义应是“不气馁的，不灰心丧气的，不屈不挠的”。 3．What did the author do during the tennis practice? A．She taught Julianna to hit forehands. B．She instructed Julianna in a patient way. C．She let Julianna figure things out herself. D．She made Julianna miss the ball on purpose. 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“I resisted the urge to tell her ... she finally got it back over the net”可知，打球时，作者让女儿自己去弄明白一些事情。 4．Which can be the best title for the text? A．A Wonderful Tennis Mom B．A Special Mother­Child Bond C．Happiness Achieved in Sports D．Peace Found on the Tennis Court 解析：选D　标题归纳题。综观全文，尤其是最后一段可知，本文主要讲述了作者和女儿去打网球，在打球的过程中作者让女儿独立探索，使女儿从中找到了乐趣，作者也通过这种方式缓和了与女儿之间的关系。 B (2025·济宁模拟)Childhood can bring a lot of awe (敬畏)．Research also suggests that awe is important in promoting well­being beyond our individual lives — it can encourage our children to care for others. A recent study by researchers Eftychia Stamkou, Keltner, and their colleagues invited 8­ to 13­year­old children to participate in an experiment.In the awe group, children were offered a short part of a movie that features a child transformed into a seal (海豹) and flying over a city while in the joy group, children were offered a short part of another movie where friends were celebrating. Researchers measured children's kindness toward poor families by inviting children to support their food drive by spending as much time as they wanted in counting donated things, to make sure the poor got access to the donated food as quickly as possible.They also invited children to donate the reward they earned from participating in the research (e.g., a snack or a museum ticket) to a poor family. The results? Children who watched the awe­inspiring video spent more time counting food donations and donated their rewards to poor families more often compared to the children who watched the joy­inspiring video.These findings highlight that awe­inspiring art can motivate children to be sympathetic toward people who have been forcibly displaced (离开家园的) from their countries of origin. As parents, we can also seek out everyday experiences of awe in our communities to share with our children, like wall paintings of the city scenery and folk art.Awe can be inspired by music, like the harmonious sounds of a wooden guitar and the beat of a drum.Awesome architecture, like symphony halls, museums, and even features like staircases, can be a way to experience awe with our children. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了培养孩子的敬畏感会使孩子变得更有爱心。 5．What does the research find? A．Awe should be inspired early. B．Awe helps kids be more generous. C．Individual lives affect kids' health. D．Training awe gives kids excitement. 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Research also suggests that awe ...can encourage our children to care for others.”可知，研究表明敬畏可以激励孩子们去关爱他人，再结合第四段中提到的实验结果可推知，敬畏帮助孩子们变得更加慷慨。 6．What do we know about the children in the experiment? A．They watched different movies. B．They commented on the videos. C．They were asked some questions. D．They donated money to poor families. 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“In the awe group, children were offered a short part of a movie that features a child ...children were offered a short part of another movie where friends were celebrating.”可知，参与实验的孩子们被分成了两组，观看不同的电影片段。 7．Why did the awe group support the food drive more? A．They learned this from a video. B．They were motivated by the movie. C．They liked to contribute to charity. D．They were reminded by the homeless. 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第四段中的“The results? Children who watched the awe­inspiring video ...donated their rewards to poor families more often compared to the children who watched the joy­inspiring video”可知，这些孩子之所以更多地支持食品义卖活动，是因为他们受到让人敬畏的视频的影响，对贫困家庭产生了同情。 8．What does the author intend to do in the last paragraph? A．Give reasons for feeling awe. B．List experiences of awe. C．Show benefits of awe to kids. D．Appeal for developing awe in kids. 解析：选D　推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，作者在这一段激励并呼吁父母们在孩子们的成长中培养他们的敬畏感。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五 (2024·日照联考)Some parents manage to guide their kids through homework moments with ease. 9 However, the large majority of us are trying to avoid our own breakdowns in the face of our children's homework. While blaming your children for not having started their homework earlier may be your natural instinct (本能), it will only make them shut down or yell at you.Children who feel terrible about procrastinating (拖延) are more likely to have anxiety and negative feelings that will only fuel their continued procrastination.So take a deep breath to calm down. 10 There are all kinds of reasons why kids avoid doing their homework.Maybe they're concerned about what a teacher will think. 11 Maybe they're distracted by something that happened in school that day. Once you figure out what's driving your children's procrastination, you can strategize with them.Start by removing temptations when possible. 12 And emphasize that short­term pleasure equals long­term pain.Then remind them that the immediate instinct to procrastinate and play video games will make life miserable later. 13 If kids don't understand why they're doing the work, they're more likely to be frustrated.For example, your child might ask，“Why do I need to know algebra? I'll never use it when I'm older.” You can tell the truth，“You probably won't need to know about variables in everyday life, but learning algebra will give you a framework for understanding how to break down and solve complex tasks.” So when your kids are overwhelmed, help them figure out why, and then model strategies that foster independence, confidence, and well­being. A．Easier said than done. B．Others choose to hire tutors. C．Working independently is key to avoiding it. D．Finally, explain the importance of the assignment. E．All possible barriers to success should be removed. F．Or they are worried their work won't measure up to a friend's. G．And try to figure out how to help them manage the tasks at hand. 9.选B　根据空后的However可知，空前与空后内容是转折关系，下文说大多数父母面对孩子们的作业总是尽力避免情绪崩溃，前面应该说相对轻松的应对作业的方式。又根据空前的“Some parents manage to guide their kids through homework moments with ease”可知，一些父母设法轻松指导孩子们做作业，B项“其他人选择雇用家教”符合语境。其中的Others与上句中的Some呼应。 10．选G　本段讲了一味责备孩子不仅于事无补，而且还有可能导致孩子的负面情绪，进而使问题持续，所以要深呼吸，平静下来，从而想出帮他们解决当下任务的办法，故选G。 11．选F　空前后两句都用Maybe开头，表示孩子们不想做作业的可能的原因，F项“孩子们担心自己的作业达不到朋友的作业的水平”符合语境。 12．选E　本段讲了解决作业拖延问题的举措。空前一句提到了消除干扰学习的诱惑因素，E项“所有可能的阻碍成功的因素都应被消除”符合语境，且E项中的be removed与上句中的removing对应。 13．选D　空处为段落主旨句。根据本段内容可知，本段举例说明了如何向孩子解释学习的重要性，所以D项能概括本段主旨。 习题讲评(二)　语用综合训练 完形填空 (2025·哈尔滨模拟)After plates were filled, I announced a new dinnertime practice.All family members must be prepared to share a story of their day.My middle school sons 1 their eyes when hearing this. Although it was a 2 due to busy life, my family tried to make it a 3 to have dinner together.However, our dinner conversations gradually became easy to 4 ， because it's all about my sons' study.We needed something more 5 . At first, my boys just 6 took part.They didn't make a preparation.It was 7 ： when it was their turn, they organized their stories on the fly.But I 8 this practice, attempting to interest them with my interesting topics.Luckily, it 9 .One night my older son asked，“Can I go first? I have a story.” I couldn't 10 what he told all those years ago, but it kick­started a 11 dinner conversation full of laughter.Instead of worrying about parental grilling (盘问), my boys 12 . In a recent call from my sons who work in another city now, I asked，“Which you 13 ， in terms of my parenting hacks (育儿技巧)？” Their 14 was immediate — our dinner story tradition.They are still willing to talk to me now, and there is nothing better than listening to them chatting.And, if they have kids someday, this tradition will 15 ， I'm guessing. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了作者家的一个传统——晚餐故事，以及该传统对作者一家的影响。 1．A.shaded　　　 　　　 B．rolled C．opened D．shut 解析：选B　通过第三段中“They didn't make a preparation ...they organized their stories on the fly”可知，听到作者的决定时，儿子们并不支持。roll one's eyes表示“翻白眼”，能形象地反映出儿子们当时的态度。 2．A.dream B．plan C．tradition D．challenge 解析：选D　根据空前的“Although it was a”和空后的“due to busy life, my family tried to make it a to have dinner together”可知，由于生活繁忙，作者一家每晚聚在一起吃饭并不是很容易，也就是说这对作者一家来说是一项挑战。 3．A.routine B．celebration C．connection D．model 解析：选A　根据第一段中的“I announced a new dinnertime practice.All family members must be ...of their day”和本空所在句的语境可知，作者一家尽力把一起吃晚饭变成一个惯例。 4．A.predict B．summarize C．control D．understand 解析：选A　根据空前的“gradually became easy to”和空后的“all about my sons' study”可知，渐渐地作者一家晚饭间的谈话都围绕儿子们的学习展开，变得容易预测。 5．A.reliable B．practical C．attractive D．conventional 解析：选C　根据上文中作者提到的晚饭间的谈话都围绕儿子们的学习展开，再结合第三段中的“attempting to interest them with my interesting topics”可知，作者认为他们一家需要找到更有吸引力的话题。 6．A.enthusiastically B．passively C．occasionally D．curiously 解析：选B　根据第一段中的“All family members must be prepared to ...of their day.”和本空后的“They didn't make a preparation.”可知，虽然作者的儿子们会按照作者的要求分享故事，但他们并不做准备，没有积极地参与进来。 7．A.abnormal B．temporary C．obvious D．insignificant 解析：选C　根据冒号后解释的内容“when it was their turn, they organized their stories on the fly”可知，此处表示这很明显。 8．A.fixed up B．thought over C．got through D．carried on 解析：选D　根据空后的“attempting to interest them with my interesting topics”和大儿子后来态度的转变(主动当第一个讲晚餐故事的人)可知，作者坚持将晚餐故事进行下去，尝试用有意思的话题吸引儿子们，让他们积极参与其中。 9．A.worked B．counted C．increased D．stayed 解析：选A　根据上文提到的作者的儿子一开始的消极参与及下文中大儿子态度的变化(主动要求第一个分享自己的故事)可知，此处表示幸运的是，这样做起作用了。 10．A.imagine B．recall C．believe D．interpret 解析：选B　根据空后的“what he told all those years ago”可知，过了这么多年作者已经记不清儿子讲的故事内容了。 11．A.brief B．pioneering C．daily D．entertaining 解析：选D　此处的“dinner conversation full of laughter”和第二段中的“dinner conversations ...all about my sons' study”形成对比，现在的晚餐交流妙趣横生。 12．A.complained B．concentrated C．relaxed D．matured 解析：选C　根据空前的“dinner conversation full of laughter”“Instead of worrying about parental grilling (盘问)”可知，作者的儿子们不再担心父母盘问，而是放松了下来。 13．A.dislike B．notice C．recreate D．value 解析：选D　根据下文中的“our dinner story tradition”和上文对这一家庭传统对儿子们的积极影响的描述可知，此处作者问她的儿子们在自己所有的育儿技巧里，他们珍视或喜欢哪一种。 14．A.action B．response C．strategy D．reflection 解析：选B　根据上文中作者问的问题和下文中的“our dinner story tradition”可知，儿子们对作者的问题作出了即时的回答(response)。 15．A.disappear B．change C．continue D．rise 解析：选C　通过上文的阅读可知，作者和儿子们是很看重晚餐故事传统的，因此此处表示，作者猜想，等儿子们有了自己的孩子后，这个传统将会继续下去。 单元语基的晨读与默写 [说明：晨读内容见《微时光背诵》分册。以下默写部分课前学生自主完成，检测评价晨读识记效果] 一、默写核心单词 1．live together forever　　　　　 永远生活在一起 2．maintain friendships 维持友谊 3．a very unusual name 很特别的名字 4．on social media sites 在社交网站上 5．post positive updates 发布正面的最新信息 6．remember the saying 记住这句谚语 7．acquire a skill 获得一项技能 8．leather goods 皮革商品 9．a brave teenager 勇敢的青少年 10．pour cold water 泼冷水 11．have leadership qualities 具有领导素质 12．postpone the meeting 推迟会议 13．an ordinary sort of day 平平常常的一天 14．correspond with friends 和朋友们通信 15．a dancing partner 舞伴 16．scenes of joy 欢乐的场面 17．weep bitterly 得很伤心 18．a party atmosphere 聚会的氛围 二、默写变形单词(依据语境提示写出单词的正确形式) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 三、默写重点短语 1．lose track of不了解……的情况，不了解……的动态 2．stay in touch with　　　　　　　 与……保持联系 3．keep in mind 记住，牢记 4．be up to 忙于；从事 5．come up with　　　　　　 提出，想出(计划、想法等) 6．be set in 以……为背景 7．make one's fortune 发财 8．turn up (意外地或终于)出现 9．tend to do sth. 倾向于做某事 10．long for 渴望得到 四、默写经典句式(完成句子) 1．This makes it clear to the other person that you are giving them a choice. 这就向别人表明了一种情况，那就是你在给他们一个选择。 2．Well, we agreed that night that we would meet here again exactly twenty years from that date and time, no matter what our conditions might be or from what distance we might have to come. 反正，那天晚上我们约定，不管日后各自情况如何，不管距离多远，都要在二十年后的同一天、同一时间在这儿再聚。 　 重点词汇的深化与拓展 一、自学区—重点词汇系统归纳 1．patience n．耐心；忍耐力 |记|用|法|　 (1)with patience＝patiently　　 耐心地 be/get out of patience with 对……失去耐心 lose (one's) patience 失去耐心 (2)patient adj. 有耐心的 n. 病人 be patient with sb. 对某人有耐心 (3)impatient adj. 不耐心的 |学|写|作|　 (求助信)Thank you for your time and patience, and I'm looking forward to your early reply. 感谢您的时间和耐心，我期待着您的早日答复。 2．advance n．进步，进展，前进adj.预先的，事先的v.前进，促进，提前 |记|用|法|　 (1)in advance (＝ahead of time) 提前 in advance of ...　　　 (时间上) 在……前， (发展上)超前于…… make advances in ... 在……方面取得进展 (2)advance on/towards 朝……前进 (3)advanced adj. 高级的，先进的；高龄的 名师指津：advance用作动词时，不与forward连用。 |学|写|作|　 (邀请信)I'd appreciate it if you would let me know in advance whether you are available (or not)． 如果你能提前告知我你是否有空，我将不胜感激。 3．prefer v．更喜欢，宁愿 |记|用|法|　 (1)prefer to do/doing sth. 更喜欢做某事 prefer ...to ... 同……相比更喜欢…… prefer doing sth.to doing sth.＝prefer to do sth.rather than do sth. 宁愿做某事而不愿做某事 prefer sb.to do sth. 更愿意某人做某事 prefer that ...(should) do sth. 宁愿……做某事 (2)preference n. 偏爱，偏爱的事物 have a preference for 对……有偏好 名师指津：(1)表示“宁愿做某事而不愿做某事”的结构还有：would rather do sth.than do sth./would do sth.rather than do sth.(2)prefer＝like better，因此prefer不能和比较级连用。 |学|写|作|　 (2024·浙江1月高考写作)With the trend of neglecting outdoor activities, students are increasingly preferring to stay indoors, unwilling to exercise. 随着人们忽视户外活动的趋势，学生们越来越喜欢待在室内，不愿意锻炼身体。 4．anxious adj.焦虑的，不安的，渴望的 |记|用|法|　 (1)be anxious 　　 担心(忧虑)…… be anxious for sth.　　 　　 渴望得到…… be anxious to do sth. 渴望做某事 (2)anxiety n. 焦虑，不安，渴望 with anxiety (＝anxiously) 焦虑地 out of anxiety 出于忧虑 (3)anxiously adv.　 焦虑地，不安地，渴望地 名师指津：副词anxiously作状语，常用来修饰谓语动词。形容词anxious作状语，常用来说明主语的状态。 |学|写|作|　 (场景描写)Anxious parents and excited students were talking in small groups, carrying suitcases or walking in and out of dormitory buildings. 焦虑的家长和兴奋的学生三五成群地交谈，提着行李箱或在宿舍楼里进进出出。 5．strike v．划(火柴)；撞，撞击；敲响；罢工；突然想起；侵袭，爆发n.罢工，袭击 |记|用|法|　 (1)be struck by sb./sth.　　 被某人(某物)打动； 迷恋某人(或某物) strike ...into sb./sb.'s heart　 使某人感到…… It strikes sb.that ... 某人突然想起…… strike a balance 找到折中办法； 平衡(对立的双方) (2)be/go on strike 在/进行罢工 (3)striking adj. 引人注目的 |学|写|作|　 (动作描写)At that moment, Ruth glimpsed at the walking stick, an idea striking her. 就在那时，露丝瞥了一眼手杖，突然有了一个念头。 6．be up to忙于；由……决定 |记|用|法|　 It is up to sb.to do sth.　 由某人决定做某事 look up to sb. 尊敬；赞赏(某人) live up to 不辜负；履行 up to now 直到现在 up to date 最新的 |学|写|作|　 (建议信)It's up to the regulating authority to put the measures into effect. 应该由管理部门落实这些措施。 7．turn up (意外地或终于)出现；被找到；开大，调高(音量、热量等) |记|用|法|　 turn on/off　　　　　　　 打开/关闭 turn down 关小(声音等)；拒绝 turn to ...for help 向……求助 turn out 证明是；结果是 turn over 翻转，翻过来 turn in 上交 turn away 拒绝；转过身去 |学|写|作|　 (场景描写)Pahlsson and her husband searched the kitchen, checking every corner, but nothing turned up. 帕尔森和丈夫搜索了厨房，每个角落都找遍了，但什么也没找到。 二、自查区—语基过关自主评价 一、重点词汇精细练 1．patience　 ①I'd been waiting for twenty minutes and I was getting impatient (patient)． ②Above all, he is not only responsible but also patient (patience)． ③(人物介绍)The most respected and beloved person around me is my teacher, Ms Li.She is kind and patient with us.We all respect her because she always has much patience to explain what we have difficulty in understanding.Whenever we have a problem in our life, she always talks to us with patience/patiently and helps us find a solution. 我身边最值得尊敬和爱戴的人是我的老师，李老师。她对我们很和蔼，很有耐心。我们都很尊敬她，因为对我们存在理解困难的知识，她总是很有耐心地进行解释。在生活中，每当我们遇到问题时，她也总是耐心地与我们交谈，帮助我们找到解决办法。 2．advance　 ①Anyone who wants to take the advanced (advance) literature course must sign up for it in advance. ②(场景描写)As the night advanced, the dark clouds closing in and densely overspreading the whole sky, the wind blew harder and harder. 随着夜幕降临，乌云密布，覆盖了整个天空，风越来越大。 ③(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷写作)With my encouragement, David stood up and advanced on/towards the starting line. 在我的鼓励下，大卫站了起来，向起跑线走去。 3．prefer　 ①Unlike fast­food places, fine dining shops prefer customers to stay (stay) longer and spend. ②Nowadays some people prefer surfing the Internet at home to taking (take) exercise outdoors. ③(求助信)As you have a preference for traditional Chinese culture, your suggestions will be greatly helpful to us. 因为你喜欢中华传统文化，你的建议将对我们大有帮助。 ④I would rather appreciate the columns specially designed for teenagers than read those about politics and economy. →I would appreciate the columns specially designed for teenagers rather than read tho$$