选择性必修第一册 UNIT 5 习题讲评(一)—(二)（练习）-【创新方案】2026年高考英语一轮复习（外研版）

习题讲评(一)　主题阅读训练 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2025·湖南四校联盟摸底)To most people, giraffes are merely adorable, long-necked animals that rank near the top of a zoo visit. But to cardiovascular (心血管的) scientists, there's even more to love. Giraffes, as it turns out, have solved a problem that kills millions of people every year: high blood pressure. Giraffes have sky-high blood pressure because of their sky-high heads that, in adults, rise about six meters above the ground — a long, long way for their hearts to pump blood upwards against gravity. To have a blood pressure of 110/70 in the brain — normal for a large animal — giraffes need a blood pressure of about 220/180 in the heart. It doesn't vex the giraffes, but pressure like that would cause all sorts of problems for people, from heart failure to kidney failure to abnormal ankles and legs. When biologist Barbara Natterson-Horowitz examined giraffes' hearts, she found that their left ventricles (心室) did get thicker, but without fibrosis (纤维化), which is a health problem associated with heart disease and would occur in people. She also found that giraffes have variants of five genes related to fibrosis. In keeping with the findings, other researchers who examined giraffe genes found several giraffe-specific gene variants related to cardiovascular development and steady blood pressure. And in 2021, another research group reported giraffe-specific variants of genes involved in fibrosis. And the giraffe has another trick to avoid heart failure: The ventricular filling period of the heartbeat is extended, Natterson-Horowitz found. This allows the heart to pump more blood with each beat, allowing giraffes to run hard despite their thicker heart muscle. Natterson-Horowitz is now turning her attention to another problem giraffes seem to have solved: high blood pressure during pregnancy. For people, this can lead to severe illnesses. Yet giraffes seem to do just well. Natterson-Horowitz and her team are hoping to find out if they have unique adaptations that allow this. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了一项研究。研究表明长颈鹿的心血管有独特的适应性。 1．What does the underlined word “vex” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Frighten.　　　 B．Interest. C．Warn. D．Disturb. 解析：选D　词义猜测题。画线词前文“To have a blood pressure of 110/70 ...220/180 in the heart.”以及画线词后“but pressure like that would cause all sorts of ...ankles and legs ” 说明长颈鹿的血压非常高，这个高度对于人类来说，是不能承受的，而对于长颈鹿来说，是正常的，没有问题的。 2．Why can giraffes resist fibrosis? A．They have high blood pressure. B．They have slower heartbeats. C．They have specific gene variants. D．They have thicker left ventricles. 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第三段中“When biologist Barbara ...five genes related to fibrosis.”以及“And in 2021, another research group reported giraffe-specific variants of genes involved in fibrosis.” 可知，因为长颈鹿有特定的基因变异，所以能抵抗纤维化。 3．What will Natterson-Horowitz and her team focus on in the future? A．What causes giraffes' gene variants. B．What makes pregnant giraffes well. C．Why pregnant women suffer from illnesses. D．Why giraffes have unique adaptations. 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Natterson-Horowitz is now turning ...Yet giraffes seem to do just well.”可知，Natterson-Horowitz和她的团队未来将专注于怀孕长颈鹿有高血压而仍然不会生病的原因。 4．Which is the best title for the text? A．Cardiovascular Secrets of Giraffes B．Studies on Heart Fibrosis of Giraffes C．Health Effects of Giraffes' Long Necks D．Reasons for Man's High Blood Pressure 解析：选A　标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其第一段中“But to cardiovascular scientists, ...high blood pressure.”可知，本文主要讲述了一项研究。研究表明长颈鹿的心血管有独特的适应性。选项A“长颈鹿的心血管秘密”符合主题，适合作标题。 B (2025·山东省实验中学模拟)With a brain the size of a pinhead, insects possess a great sense of direction. They manage to locate themselves and move through small openings. How do they do this with their limited brain power? Understanding the inner workings of an insect's brain can help us in our search towards energy-efficient computing, physicist Elisabetta Chicca of the University of Groningen shows with her most recent result: a robot that acts like an insect. It's not easy to make use of the images that come in through your eyes when deciding what your feet or wings should do. A key aspect here is the apparent motion of things as you move. “Like when you're on a train，” Chicca explains. “The trees nearby appear to move faster than the houses far away.” Insects use this information to infer how far away things are. This works well when moving in a straight line, but reality is not that simple. To keep things manageable for their limited brain power, they adjust their behaviour: they fly in a straight line, make a turn, then make another straight line. In search of the neural mechanism (神经机制) that drives insect behaviour, PhD student Thorben Schoepe developed a model of its neuronal activity and a small robot that uses this model to find the position. His model is based on one main principle: always head towards the area with the least apparent motion. He had his robot drive through a long passage consisting of two walls and the robot centred in the middle of the passage, as insects tend to do. In other virtual environments, such as a space with small openings, his model also showed similar behaviour to insects. The fact that a robot can find its position in a realistic environment is not new. Rather, the model gives insight into how insects do the job, and how they manage to do things so efficiently. In a similar way, you could make computers more efficient. In the future, Chicca hopes to apply this specific insect behaviour to a chip as well.“Instead of using a general-purpose computer with all its possibilities, you can build specific hardware; a tiny chip that does the job, keeping things much smaller and energy-efficient.” She comments. 语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了物理学家Elisabetta Chicca的最新研究成果：一个模仿昆虫行为的机器人。该机器人能够帮助人们理解昆虫大脑的运作机制，并探讨了这种机制在提高计算机能效方面的潜在应用。 5．Why is “a train” mentioned in paragraph 2? A．To illustrate the principle of train motion. B．To highlight why human vision is limited. C．To explain how insects perceive distances. D．To compare the movement of trees and houses. 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据第二段“A key aspect here is the apparent motion ...Insects use this information to infer how far away things are.”可推知，本段提到火车是为了解释昆虫是如何感知距离的。 6．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about concerning Schoepe's model? A．Its novel design. B．Its theoretical basis. C．Its possible application. D．Its working mechanism. 解析：选D　段落大意题。根据第三段“In search of the neural mechanism (神经机制) that drives insect behaviour, ...also showed similar behaviour to insects.”可知，关于Schoepe的模型，本段主要讨论了它的工作机制。 7．What do the researchers think of the finding? A．Amusing.　　　 B．Discouraging. C．Promising. D．Contradictory. 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“In a similar way, you could make computers more efficient.”以及最后一段“In the future, Chicca hopes to ... keeping things much smaller and energy-efficient.’ She comments.”可推知，研究人员认为这一发现可以让物体变得更小、更节能，所以是有前途的。 8．What will Chicca's follow-up study focus on? A．Inventing insect-like chips. B．Studying general-purpose robots. C．Creating insect-inspired computers. D．Developing energy-efficient hardware. 解析：选A　推理判断题。根据最后一段“In the future, Chicca hopes ... a tiny chip that does the job, keeping things much smaller and energy-efficient.’ She comments.”可推知，Chicca的后续研究重点是将昆虫的这种特殊行为应用到芯片上。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五 (2025·永州模拟)As the seasons are starting to change around the world, the animal kingdom is on the move. Animal migration is one of nature's great wonders, but how do animals know when it is time to set off on their journey, or where they need to go? Once they've worked out their destination, how do they know how to get there? 9 . Migration is a behavioral pattern where animals travel from one habitat to another in search of something. It happens seasonally, and usually involves a return journey. These journeys can be by land, sea or air. 10 . Animals like gazelles, wildebeests and zebras migrate in huge herds during dry seasons to look for fresh grass to eat and water to drink. Animals also migrate because of the weather. Around 50 bird species leave the UK each winter to avoid the cold. 11 . They're either searching for a mate, looking for somewhere to lay their eggs or finding the best place to raise their young. For example, humpback whales travel to warmer waters each winter to raise their calves. 12 ， but how do they know when it is time to head off? For those who migrate to look for something to eat, scientists think shortages of food could be a sign that it's time to begin their journey. Others might be able to recognize when winter is coming because they can see that the days are getting shorter. So how do they know where to go? Some use the stars and the sun to help them navigate while others rely on landmarks like rivers and mountains to show them where they are. 13 . Wildebeests are thought to follow the smell of rain. A．Below are some ways they get there B．Animals have their reasons for migrating C．Scientists have been puzzled by these questions for many years D．It's also possible for animals to sniff their way to their destination E．Some birds travel to the UK to escape extreme cold further north F．One of the main reasons behind animal migration is the search for food G．For some animals, it's the need to reproduce that sends them on their journey 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要解释了与动物迁移这一行为相关的问题。 9．选C　上文提出了一些与动物迁徙相关的问题，C选项“科学家被这些问题困扰了很多年。”承接上文，符合语境，选项中的“these questions”指代空前提出的这几个问题。 10．选F　下文提到了瞪羚、角马和斑马等动物在旱季成群结队地迁徙，寻找新鲜的草和水，F选项“动物迁徙的其中一个重要的原因在于寻找食物。”可以引领下文，符合语境。 11．选G　下文提到它们迁徙是为了寻找配偶，或者寻找产卵的地方，或者寻找养育幼崽的最佳地点，G选项“对于一些动物，是繁殖的需求让它们踏上了旅程。”可以引领下文，符合语境。 12．选B　根据空后“but how do they know when it is time to head off？”可知，下文提出了另外一个问题，什么时候出发，且前文一直在解释动物迁徙的原因，故B选项“动物有它们迁徙的理由。”承上启下，符合语境。既总结前文分析的原因，又引出后文迁徙的时间。 13．选D　上文提到一些动物通过地标和星星、太阳来帮助自己导航，而空后则具体举例角马是靠着闻雨水的味道，故D选项“动物也有可能通过嗅觉来到达目的地。”承上启下，符合语境。 习题讲评(二)　语用综合训练 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Ⅰ.语法填空 (2025·湖州模拟)Inspired by the work of William Beebe, Dr. Sylvia Earle (1935) began her work as an oceanographer at the age of 3 when she was knocked off her feet by a wave. She 1 (fascinate) by the ocean and its creatures. Although she struggled 2 (balance) her studies and family, Earle earned her PhD from Duke University, becoming well known in the marine science community. Early in her career, and while she was four 3 (month) pregnant, Earle traveled 30.5m/100 ft below the surface in a submersible (潜水器). Her experience 4 (live) in an underwater marine habitat earned her celebrity status in the scientific community. With the experience, Earle developed an interest 5 deep sea exploration, and in 1979 she broke 6 record for deep diving at 381m/1,250ft below the surface in a special suit called the Jim Suit designed to withstand (抵挡) the 7 (press). Earle decided to test the suit as part of her research on a book 8 (publish) by National Geographic, and the diving techniques only scratched the surface of the ocean. Following this adventure, Earle started two companies 9 produce deep sea exploration vehicles. The continued advancement in the technology of these vehicles has helped open up areas in the deep sea 10 (previous) unexplored. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了深海探险家西尔维亚·厄尔无畏艰险，无数次深入深海，用事实呼唤世人保护海洋、保护地球的事迹。 1．was fascinated　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知空处应填谓语动词，根据at the age of 3可知，此处是在陈述过去的事情，且主语She和谓语动词fascinate之间是动宾关系，需用一般过去时的被动语态；主语为单数，谓语也应用单数形式。 2．to balance　考查非谓语动词。struggle to do sth.为固定用法，表示“努力做某事”。 3．months　考查名词的复数。根据空前的数词four可知，此处需填名词的复数形式。 4．living　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，earned为句子的谓语，所以空处应填非谓语动词。此处experience意为“经验”，表示做某事的经验用experience in doing sth.，介词in可以省略，空处需填动名词形式。 5．in　考查介词。develop an interest in ...为固定短语，意为“对……产生兴趣”。 6．the　考查定冠词。此处的record指在水下381米/1 250英尺深度的潜水记录，表特指，需用定冠词the。 7．pressure　考查名词。withstand为动词，空格处需填名词作宾语。press的名词为pressure，是不可数名词。 8．published　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，句子的谓语是decided，所以空格处应填非谓语动词作后置定语，book和publish之间是动宾关系，需填过去分词形式。 9．that/which　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句。先行词是companies，指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词that或which引导定语从句。 10．previously　考查副词。空处修饰过去分词unexplored，需用副词previously作状语。 Ⅱ.应用文写作 (2025·杭州模拟)假定你是李华，上学期你校发起了一项活动，倡议每个班级都养绿植(greenery)。请你给曾经的外教Linda写一封邮件介绍相关情况，内容包括： 1．活动内容； 2．活动的效果和反响。 注意：1.写作词数应为80左右； 2．请按如下格式作答。 Dear Linda， ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 　 Yours， Li Hua 参考范文： Dear Linda， I'm delighted to share with you an exciting initiative we've launched at our school — “Greenery in Every Classroom”． The project kicked off with each class selecting a variety of plants to cultivate. We began with a special planting session where students enthusiastically potted seeds and saplings. The subsequent weeks were filled with a shared responsibility as we watered our tiny green friends.This hands-on experience with nature has not only brightened our classrooms but also sparked a genuine interest in botany and environmental conservation. The initiative has been met with widespread enthusiasm and even made the headlines in the local newspaper. Yours， Li Hua 9 / 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$