选择性必修第一册 UNIT 5 习题讲评(一)—(二)（练习）-【创新方案】2026年高考英语一轮复习（人教版）

习题讲评(一)　2篇阅读理解＋1篇完形填空 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2025·南通模拟)Working at a bank in New York City in the mid-2010s, Anna Sacks was not living the life she wanted.Sure, she was happy.But she wanted to do something that felt important. Some people seeking meaning might read a self-help book or perhaps volunteer a few hours a week.Sacks packed up her life and moved to Connecticut to participate in Adamah, a farming program that focuses on sustainable living and growing sustainable food.When she returned to New York, her life was with a new purpose and many new skills to make her dreams a reality. “One of the things that really stuck with me from Adamah was how little waste they produced and how they handled the waste they did have, primarily through composting (堆肥)，” she says.The Adamah program opened Sacks' eyes to the damage consumer culture is doing on a local, national, and global level, and the need to find solutions.So in 2017, she began what she calls “trash walking”． During tours around her community, Sacks picks through garbage to look for reusable items.Soon, her “trash walking” expanded to include corporate trash along with residential trash.Surprisingly, she discovered a wide range of really great stuff — like clothing, decorations, and food — all of which she documents on the social platform. Under the name of The Trash Walker, Sacks quickly gained popularity for her videos that highlight the problems with consumerism.“The root issue is overproduction, which leads to overconsumption, which leads to a large amount of waste，” she says. The fact is, companies often choose to trash items rather than give them away to people who might need them.A big reason for this waste is the way our current tax laws are structured, Sacks says.Sellers who destroy goods can claim the cost as a loss on their taxes and be refunded.If they give away goods, they can claim only a small amount as a charitable reduction on their taxes. Sacks' main focus is simply getting people to pay attention to how many unnecessary things they buy and then throw away.“Once you become aware of the way you consume, you can see ways you improve，” she says. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Anna Sacks参加了农业项目Adamah，学习可持续生活和种植可持续食物，改变了她的生活目标和技能。她也希望引起人们对于过度购买和浪费的关注，从而作出改变。 1．Why did Anna Sacks leave New York? A．To learn how to grow food. B．To pursue a more meaningful life. C．To realize her dream as a volunteer. D．To accept the invitation from a program. 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第一段“Working at a bank ...that felt important.”以及第二段“Some people seeking meaning ...growing sustainable food.”可知，Anna Sacks离开纽约是因为她想过更有意义的生活。故选B。 2．What impressed Anna Sacks most about the Adamah program? A．The significance of trash walking. B．The hard truth of consumer culture. C．The sustainable food people produced. D．The way people there dealt with the waste. 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第三段中“‘One of the things ...through composting (堆肥)，’she says.”可知，那里的人们处理废物的方式给Anna Sacks留下了最深的印象。故选D。 3．What makes companies prefer to throw out goods as trash? A．The tax refund. B．The tax reduction. C．The overproduction. D．The poor quality of goods. 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“The fact is, companies ...Sacks says.Sellers who destroy goods can claim the cost as a loss on their taxes and be refunded.”可知，退税让公司更愿意把商品当垃圾扔掉。故选A。 4．What can we learn from Anna Sacks' story? A．Consumer culture accounts for wasting. B．Corporate trash outweighs residential trash. C．Turning to farming leads to sustainable living. D．Trash walking is the key to becoming wealthy. 解析：选A　推理判断题。根据最后一段并通读全文可知，Anna Sacks的故事告诉我们，消费文化导致了过度生产、过度消费和大量的浪费。故选A。 B (2025·菏泽模拟)The award-winning documentary “Feeding Tomorrow” explores the American food system's shortcomings and the urgent need for change.Directed by Oliver and Simon English, the film dives deep into the complex web of issues surrounding food, climate change, and agriculture, leaving viewers with a clear realization of the challenges ahead. At its core, “Feeding Tomorrow” raises fundamental questions about humanity's relationship with the planet and the consequences of our consumption patterns.As the global population reaches up to 10 billion, the film shows the serious reality that our current methods of food production are unsustainable.With agriculture already occupying half of the habitable land and consuming 70% of freshwater resources, the harm on the environment is reaching critical levels. The documentary reveals the interconnectedness of food, climate, and health, weaving together narratives from diverse voices in the fields of farming, health, and education.Through the stories of innovators like Mark Shepard, Clare Fox, and Lisa McDowell, “Feeding Tomorrow” highlights the urgent need for systemic change. One of the central themes of the documentary is the importance of regenerative farming practices.By promoting biodiversity and topsoil growth, regenerative agriculture offers a promising path towards sustainability.The film emphasizes the need to transition from conventional, monoculture (单一) farming to more overall approaches. Moreover, “Feeding Tomorrow” shows the significance of adopting plant-forward diets and reducing meat consumption.With animal agriculture being a significant contributor to greenhouse gas emissions and environmental degradation (恶化), the documentary advocates for a shift towards more sustainable dietary habits. Ultimately, “Feeding Tomorrow” serves as a cry for collective action and social change.It challenges viewers to reevaluate their relationship with food and embrace sustainable practices that benefit both people and the planet.The documentary reminds us that the power to shape a better future lies in our hands.In the words of Mark Shepard, “What are you going to eat for dinner tonight? Start asking the questions.” 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了探讨美国食品体系的缺陷和改革的迫切需要的纪录片《未来供给》，强调了人类与地球关系的基本问题以及消费模式带来的后果，揭示了食物、气候和健康之间的联系，强调了再生农业和植物性饮食的重要性，呼吁集体行动和社会变革。 5．What do we know about our current food production methods? A．They are suitable to feed the increasing population. B．They are inefficient and harmful to the environment. C．They are too focused on producing large quantities of food. D．They are all outdated and need to be replaced with new ones. 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第二段中“As the global population ...reaching critical levels.”可知，我们目前的粮食生产方式不可持续，消耗了过多的资源，效率不高，且对环境有害。故选B。 6．Why does “Feeding Tomorrow” tell some innovators' stories? A．To praise their achievements. B．To indicate different opinions. C．To stress the necessity of change. D．To give examples of farming methods. 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第三段中“Through the stories of innovators like Mark Shepard, Clare Fox, and Lisa McDowell, ‘Feeding Tomorrow’ highlights the urgent need for systemic change.”可知，该影片讲述一些革新者的故事是为了强调变革的必要性。故选C。 7．What does the documentary appeal people to do in paragraph 4? A．Keep the balance of nature. B．Take up sustainable practices. C．Prioritize economic interests. D．Invest in agricultural innovations. 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第四段“One of the central themes of the documentary ...farming to more overall approaches.”可知，该纪录片强调使用再生农业实践，转变传统的单一种植方式。因此，它是呼吁人们采取可持续的做法。故选B。 8．What is the purpose of writing the text? A．To briefly introduce an award-winning film. B．To explore American agriculture's issues. C．To present new food production methods. D．To show the impact of climate on agriculture. 解析：选A　写作意图题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段可知，文章紧紧围绕纪录片《未来供给》而展开，介绍了其导演、探讨的主题、揭示的问题、给出的应对方法，以及对观众的呼吁等内容。由此可知，文章的写作目的是简要介绍这部获奖影片。故选A。 Ⅱ.完形填空 (2025·长春模拟)Earlier this summer, my Ph.D.graduation finally came.There I __9__ a poster board saying “Develop your potential”， and a __10__ on it arrested my attention：“Keep trying until you get it right.” It made me stop to __11__ my experiences. I grew up with the dream of becoming a scientist. When I finished my master's degree, I wanted to try something more __12__：a doctoral degree.My dream met with a(n) __13__ when I failed the entrance exam.Nearly all my friends and professors advised me to put it aside and accept the __14__ I had been offered.But I was __15__ the routine work would hold back my __16__ for exploring.So I decided to apply abroad for doctoral programs. I worked as a research assistant to earn a __17__ while studying for the programs.I never __18__ despite the difficulties and was accepted into a doctoral program in China eventually.There, I met even more __19__： language problems, cultural differences etc.Yet I held the same __20__ as the note writer: Keep trying.Over time, everything was __21__ gradually. I realized that by trying again and again, I have __22__ my potential.By focusing more on what I __23__ and less on what I missed, I learned to enjoy the process of trying and the unexpected opportunities it brought. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者儿时便梦想着成为一名科学家。研究生毕业后，他下定决心考取博士学位继续学习。考试失败后他并没有放弃，而是选择申请中国的博士项目，经过不懈努力，他终于取得了成功。 9．A.placed　　　　　　 B．examined C．sighted D．monitored 解析：选C　作者发现一块广告牌上写着“开发你的潜能”。 10．A.chart B．message C．saying D．note 解析：选D　根据下文的“Yet I held the same ________ as the note writer”可知，广告牌上的一个便条(note)引起了作者的注意。 11．A.think up B．speak of C．reflect on D．get across 解析：选C　根据下文可知，这个便条上的内容使作者停下来认真思考自己的经历。reflect on“认真思考，沉思”，符合语境。 12．A.inspiring B．unique C．advantageous D．ambitious 解析：选D　根据上文的“I finished my master's degree”和下文的“a doctoral degree”可知，研究生毕业后，作者想要尝试更有抱负的事：(考取)博士学位。 13．A.blow B．objection C．conflict D．emergency 解析：选A　根据空后的“I failed the entrance exam”可知，作者的梦想受到了打击。blow“打击”，符合语境。 14．A.certificate B．position C．reward D．reality 解析：选B　根据空后的“the routine work”可知，朋友和教授都劝作者接受被提供的那份工作。position“职位，职务”，符合语境。 15．A.scared B．doubtful C．upset D．confused 解析：选A　根据空前的“But”和空后的“the routine work would hold back my ________ for exploring”可知，作者担心(scared)这份平淡乏味的工作会抑制他探索的热情。 16．A.admiration B．fire C．demand D．wish 解析：选B　此处表示探索的热情。 17．A.fortune B．reputation C．promotion D．living 解析：选D　根据语境可知，作者一边为博士项目学习，一边做研究助理谋生。living“生计，谋生，收入”，符合语境。 18．A.forgot B．resigned C．regretted D．relaxed 解析：选C　根据语境和空后的“despite the difficulties”可知，尽管遇到了一些困难，但作者从不后悔。regret“感到遗憾，惋惜，懊悔”，符合语境。 19．A.challenges B．tests C．alternatives D．programs 解析：选A　根据上文的“difficulties”“even more”和下文的“language problems, cultural differences etc”可知，作者被中国的一个博士项目录取了，在那里作者遇到了更多的挑战(challenges)。 20．A.quality B．promise C．attitude D．goal 解析：选C　根据空前的“the same”和空后的“as the note writer: Keep trying”可知，作者和那个写便条的人持一样的态度：不断尝试。 21．A.for sure B．beyond imagination C．by choice D．on track 解析：选D　根据语境可知，随着时间的推移，一切都逐渐步入正轨。 22．A.unlocked B．seen C．showed D．understood 解析：选A　根据上文的“Develop your potential”及作者的经历可知，作者通过一次又一次的尝试，发掘了自己的潜力。unlock“发现，揭示，揭开”，符合语境。 23．A.appreciated B．achieved C．deserved D．transformed 解析：选B　根据“focusing more on what I ____________ and less on what I missed”可知，作者把更多的注意力集中于他已经完成的事情上，而不是他错过的事情上。 习题讲评(二)　1篇阅读七选五＋1篇语法填空＋1篇读后续写 Ⅰ.阅读七选五 (2025·浙江省名校联盟联考)Agriculture has come a long way from its ancient beginnings.Long ago, farmers would work hard on their individual plots of land, using simple tools or even their bare hands.They tended to their crops for many hours each day so that the crops grew well. __1__ For example, a single storm could destroy a whole year's work, while a summer of good weather could ensure a good harvest. Modern science and technology have helped to greatly reduce the back-breaking labour involved in farming, along with the reliance on luck and guesswork. __2__ Probably one of the most beneficial innovations is drip irrigation, which has made it possible to develop big, green farms in the middle of the desert.Simcha Blass, an Israeli scientist, discovered this new way of irrigation in the 1930s.Through this discovery, farmers can now produce crops on dry land without needing much water. __3__ The limited and focused use of just the right amount of water also denies moisture (水分) to weeds, keeping them from harming the crops. __4__ However, what if an area has plenty of water, but little usable soil? As it turns out, it is possible to grow plants without using soil at all.With hydroponics (水培), plant roots are supported by rocks or a fiber mat.Nutrient-rich water is then provided so that the plants can grow.Recent research has centered on vertical hydroponics farming.With a vertical farm, the crops are planted in containers that are piled into plant skyscrapers. __5__ With such technological advances, the image of a farmer pushing a plough will eventually become a thing of the past. A．Luck played a great part in farming. B．Some areas would be too dry to grow crops. C．Drip irrigation deals with a lack of water in an area. D．There have been experiments to make drip irrigation a reality. E．This irrigation method uses far less water than other methods. F．Furthermore, nearly all hydroponic farms partially or fully automated. G．Farmers have benefited greatly from innovations in crop production. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科学技术在农业中的应用，并重点介绍了滴灌和水培农业及其优点。 1．选A　上文“They tended to their crops for many hours each day so that the crops grew well.”指出，农民们为了使庄稼长得好，每天要花好几个小时照料庄稼，下文“For example, a single storm ...ensure a good harvest.”以具体例子说明，突发天气状况会影响收成，由此可推知，空处应该是指出古代农业收成好坏要靠运气，A选项“运气在农业中起着很大的作用。”符合语境。 2．选G　上文“Modern science and technology ...luck and guesswork.”指出现代科技给农业带来的好处，空处也应该承接上文，继续描写现代科技给农业带来的好处，G选项“农民从农作物生产的创新中受益匪浅。”符合语境。 3．选E　上文“Through this discovery, farmers can now produce crops on dry land without needing much water.”指出滴灌的优点，农民不仅可以在旱地上种植，而且不需要太多水，下文“The limited and focused use ...harming the crops.”指出滴灌使用有限而集中的水对农业的好处，由此可知，空处应承接上文，继续描写滴灌用水少这一优点，E选项“这种灌溉方法比其他方法用水少得多。”符合语境。 4．选C　由下文“However, what if an area has plenty of water ...the plants can grow.”中的However可知，空处和下文是对比关系，且结合上段提到用水少的滴灌可知，空处应该是对上文进行总结，同时和下文进行对比，即用滴灌能解决缺水地区的农业问题和水培能解决水多地区的问题做对比，C选项“滴灌解决了一个地区缺水的问题。”符合语境。 5．选F　上文“Recent research has centered on ...plant skyscrapers.”提出，最近的研究都在垂直水培农业上，同时描述了垂直水培农作物的一些情况，空处应该继续描写垂直水培农作物的一些相关内容，F选项“此外，几乎所有的水培农场都部分或全部自动化。”符合语境。 Ⅱ.语法填空 (2025·长沙模拟)For centuries, bees among the __1__ (hard) working creatures on the planet, have benefited people, plants and the environment. Under the theme “Bee engaged in pollinator-friendly agricultural production”， World Bee Day calls for global __2__ (act) to support pollinator-friendly agricultural production and highlights the importance of preserving bees and other pollinators (传粉者), __3__ (particular) through evidence-based agricultural production practices. The global World Bee Day ceremony, __4__ was held in hybrid format at the FAO headquarters on Friday, 19 May, is __5__ opportunity to raise awareness of the importance of adopting pollinator-friendly agricultural production practices __6__ (protect) bees and other pollinators, while contributing to the resilience, sustainability and efficiency of agrifood systems. By __7__ (observe) World Bee Day each year, we can raise awareness on the essential role bees and other pollinators play in keeping people and the planet __8__ (health) and on the many challenges they face today.We __9__ (celebrate) this day ever since 2018, thanks to the efforts of the Government of Slovenia with the support of Apimondia, which led the UN General Assembly to declare 20 May __10__ World Bee Day. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了世界蜜蜂日以及设立该节日的重大意义。 1．hardest　考查形容词最高级。结合语意以及空前的the可知，此处表示“工作最努力的生物”，所以空处应用形容词的最高级形式hardest作定语，修饰名词creatures。 2．action　考查名词。空处位于形容词global之后，作介词for的宾语，应用名词action。 3．particularly　考查副词。空处修饰后面的介词短语，应用副词形式particularly作状语。 4．which　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词The global World Bee Day ceremony，先行词指物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导从句。 5．an　考查冠词。结合语意可知，此处泛指一个机会，空处应用不定冠词，且opportunity是以元音音素开头的单词，应用不定冠词an。 6．to protect　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处作非谓语动词，结合语意可知，采用有利于传粉昆虫的农业生产做法，是为了保护蜜蜂和其他传粉昆虫，所以空处应用动词不定式形式作目的状语，故填to protect。 7．observing　考查非谓语动词。空处作介词by的宾语，应用动名词形式observing。 8．healthy　考查形容词。分析句子结构可知，空处作宾语补足语，应用形容词healthy补充说明people and the planet的状态。 9．have been celebrating　考查时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语since 2018可知，空处表示的动作从过去持续到现在，且强调celebrate这一动作在这一段时间一直在进行，应用现在完成进行时，主语是We，谓语动词应用have been celebrating。 10．as　考查介词。declare ...as ...表示“宣布……作为/成为……”，所以空处应用介词as。 Ⅲ.读后续写 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Our Garden and the Salad “Christine, come and help me in the garden.I want to plant all of the seeds today.” My father was calling to me.“I'm busy ...” I said.I didn't understand why working in the dirt excited him so much. By the end of April, his plants had come up in neat rows.Unfortunately, in early May, my father was seriously injured in an accident.He was in hospital for about two months and during that time he often asked me about his garden.Even after he came home, he had to stay in bed for a while. My mother had several business trips so I said that I would take care of his garden.I assumed that the little plants would continue to grow as long as they had water, and luckily it rained fairly often so I didn't think much about the garden. One Saturday morning in July, my father said to me, “Christine, I think that the vegetables should be about ready to be picked.Let's have a salad today！” I took a bowl and went out to the garden.I looked at the leaves and was upset to see that many of the leaves had been half eaten.There were hundreds of bugs (虫子) all over them! I tried to get them off, but there were just too many.I looked at the carrots next, but they didn't look healthy. I got in panic for a moment, but then thought of a good idea.I quietly went to the nearest store to buy some vegetables.I went back home and cut them up to make a salad for my father.When I gave it to him, he said, “Oh, Christine, what a beautiful salad! You must be taking very good care of my garden.” My father looked happy, but I felt a little bit guilty. 注意：1.续写词数应为150左右； 2．请按如下格式作答。 I went back to the kitchen when my mother came home.　 ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ I carefully made a salad and took it to my father.　 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 参考范文： I went back to the kitchen when my mother came home.She saw the bag from the supermarket.I was embarrassed and told her the truth.She laughed but promised to take some time to help me in the garden.We made a mixture of water with chopped up fresh hot peppers and then watered it on the vegetables.The water is not harmful but can drive away the bugs.Without bugs, vegetables grew quickly, and finally I was able to pick some. I carefully made a salad and took it to my father.He looked at it with a smile.“Christine, the carrots are smaller in this salad, but they taste better.” I realized that he had known all about my shopping trip.I smiled back at him.Now, I better understand how putting a lot of efforts into caring for something can help you appreciate the results more, however small they may be. 7 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$