语法写作 第2板块 专题2 第二讲 如何营造故事冲突（课件）-【创新方案】2026年高考英语一轮复习（人教版）

第二讲　如何营造故事冲突 故事情节是故事中最容易吸引人的地方，而情节中最能吸引人的就是故事冲突(干扰事件)。发生在主要人物身上的一系列“冲突”能使故事悬念迭出，吸引读者继续阅读。冲突能够推动情节的发展，使之走向高潮。由于续写词数的限制，冲突不易设置过多。冲突应主要聚焦主要人物对主要事件的抉择，即主要事件对主要人物态度的转变或人物性格的塑造。营造故事冲突的三个阶段和三个技巧如下： 一、营造冲突的三个阶段 (一)发现干扰事件，捕捉故事冲突 故事开始时，主要人物的生活一般来说很平静、稳定。如果没有干扰事件，故事就会平淡无奇。相反，如果故事中出现了一些干扰性事件(故事冲突)，那么主要人物的生活就会曲折起伏，故事就变得有吸引力。找到续写原文中的干扰事件，并尝试设计解决方案，这就是捕捉到了故事冲突。 (二)分析人物性格，推动冲突发展 故事中主、次人物的性格不同。积极的性格主要是热心、善良、温和、体贴、无私、坚毅、严厉等；消极的性格主要是冷酷、自私、怯懦、傲慢、粗暴、虚伪、吝啬、偏执等。只有通过分析，辨明主、次人物的性格，才能更好地推动冲突的发展。 (三)设计最后危机，结束故事冲突 续写部分的两段往往蕴含着故事的高潮和结局，这个高潮就是最后的“危机”，它可以加剧故事冲突，使情节更具有戏剧性，也可以结束故事冲突，使情节更加完整。营造这个最后的“危机”可以让读者与主要人物产生共鸣，从而提升故事的可读性。 二、营造冲突的三个技巧 (一)描写内心矛盾 描写人物的内心矛盾，有助于抓住读者的心，引发读者积极思考，让读者融身其中，有助于推动故事情节的发展。 [典例]　(2023·浙江1月高考范文)“Is she still OK? Can I see her again? Has the broken window been fixed？” I thought to myself. 分析：作者既希望蜂鸟能安然无恙，又渴望能再见到蜂鸟，还担心窗户没有修好，作者此时的内心冲突被放大了，其目的是吸引读者思考“蜂鸟真的会如作者所愿，再次安全出现而不是被困在房子里吗？” (二)突出角色转变 角色转变是读后续写中的一个重要切入点，通过角色的变化来推动故事情节的发展。例如，一个角色可能从被动变为主动，或者从一个状态转变到另一个状态，这种转变可以是因为内在的觉醒，也可能是外在环境的改变所导致。 [典例]　(2023·浙江1月高考范文)It seemed as if the bird was waiting for me, its beady eyes locked on mine as if trying to convey some deep, unspoken gratitude. 分析：文中作者实际上是去找蜂鸟的，作者是主角，而此处却写道“蜂鸟似乎在等作者出现”，这时，蜂鸟成了主角，这种角色的转变，增强了故事的趣味性和吸引力。 (三)增加外部冲突 冲突带来紧迫感，可以将故事推向高潮。增加外部冲突就是在描写时，故意增加一种让人意想不到的事件来突显故事的曲折，这是一种明显有效的可以使故事达到高潮的方式。 [典例]　(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷范文)All the runners contested for the lead, just with David struggling to keep up. Unluckily, he suddenly slipped over. Without hesitation, he picked himself up and ran slowly with heavy steps after the others into the forest trail. 分析：此处，增加了David跑步时摔倒这一意外的冲突，突显了故事的曲折性，使故事更有紧迫感，并逐渐把故事推向高潮——David最后坚强地站起来，并坚持完成了比赛。 [典题例析] (2022·浙江1月高考改编)阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 When Dr. Henderson was assigning (指定) project mates for his psychology class, I secretly hoped that he would pair me with my best friend or at least a classmate I could have some fun with. Above all, I hoped he wouldn't assign me to work with the fiercely competitive and extremely serious fellow who always wore dark clothes and apparently had a personality to match. As fate (命运) would have it, Dr. Henderson very deliberately matched everyone in class and announced that I would be working with the one person in class I wanted to avoid. I went up to my new teammate and introduced myself. He looked at me as though I weren't there. I felt he treated me as though I would hold him back and probably make him fail to get an A in the course. He wasn't mean or abusive; he just gave me the impression that he could do whatever project we dreamed up better if he did it alone. Needless to say, I didn't look forward to an entire term of being brushed off, but I tried to make the best of it and didn't say anything for fear that I would make things worse. The project required each team to develop a hypothesis (假说), set up an experiment to test the hypothesis, do the statistical analysis and present the findings. Whatever grade the team received would be shared by both students. When my teammate and I met to discuss our project, I was uneasy. Here was this challenging student who had a reputation for single­mindedness and good grades — the exact opposite of me. I actually wanted to drop the class at one point, but stopped short because I didn't want to give him the satisfaction of my chickening out. I decided to stick to it no matter what. After long discussions we somehow agreed to do a study on the psychological well­being of teenagers. I wasn't sure what it meant exactly, but at least we had a topic. 注意：1.续写词数应为 150 左右； 2．请按如下格式作答。 We started to meet regularly to draw up our plans.　_____________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ One day I got word that he was admitted to the hospital for a serious disease._______________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ [营造故事冲突] (一)发现干扰事件，捕捉故事冲突 主要人物的原本想法：在心理课上与自己喜欢的同学一起做任务。 干扰事件1：被老师分配到与“我”不喜欢的同学一个组 可能的影响：Can we get along well with each other？ 冲突形式：与自我的冲突，与他人的冲突 干扰事件2：有一段时间，“我”想退出课程 可能的影响：What should I do to affect our project? 冲突形式：与自我的冲突 干扰事件3：队友生病住院 可能的影响：Can our group get good grades? 冲突形式：与自我的冲突，与他人的冲突 (二)分析人物性格，推动冲突发展 主要人物(I)性格 kind, peaceful, determined and brave 主要人物(I)性格缺陷 unconfident and contradictory 营造的冲突 I actually wanted to drop the class at one point. (描写内心矛盾) (三)设计最后危机，结束故事冲突 设计的危机 队友显得很脆弱 合理性分析 第二段开头提到“我的队友生病了”，据此可知，取得最优秀的成绩压力很大。所以，设计队友显得很疲惫和脆弱这一冲突是合理的。这样，“我”就必须一个人担负起做实验的重任。 完成读后续写 参考范文： We started to meet regularly to draw up our plans. The more we met, the more I knew his ability. I was aware that my teammate was much more advanced than I. He knew technical things and approached every detail with great uniqueness of purpose. I, on the other hand, had little to share. We discussed a lot and tried to fashion an intelligent yet simple experiment. Part of our job was to select students who had volunteered to be subjects for our project. I decided to devote myself to the task of working with the subjects, while he developed the scientific model. One day I got word that he was admitted to the hospital for a serious disease. Apparently, the stress of getting the best grade had taken its effect on him. When visiting him, I noticed for the first time a sense of weakness on his face. I assured him I would finish the project alone and that I wouldn't let him down. I poured more time and energy into that project. Finally, my hard work paid off — we were awarded an A, which gave me great satisfaction. More importantly, I earned my teammate's recognition and we have become good friends since then. [即时训练] 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Molly and her husband Rex ran a used bookstore in a small town. People, mostly kids, came here to read books, sell books and buy books. The morning had been full of rain, and passers-­by were walking with narrow eyes under umbrellas. Molly rested both her hands on the counter and leaned (倾斜) forward to watch the world outside in the rain while Rex was busy sorting out books on the bookshelves. Rick, who sat on the floor burying himself in reading a hardback illustrated book, was the only customer in such a rainy day. Rick was a regular customer to the bookstore and he never sold a book or bought a book. He just read books. “Can you keep this book for me？” Molly heard a shy voice and looked down to find it was little Rick that stood before the counter, holding the illustrated book and asked. “Sure！” Molly nodded encouragingly. But the uncertainty remained on Rick's face. “I'll be back really soon. Promise, tomorrow if I can.” Molly nodded to him as seriously as she was treating an adult. Molly wanted to ask him if there was anything difficult, but she kept silent. Anyway, she put the illustrated book in a drawer in case anyone else would take it. Most of the second­hand books in her store were unique. If it was sold, she would fail to keep her promise. Rick didn't return the following day, or the day after that. Molly was somehow disappointed. Rex suggested placing the illustrated book on the bookshelf so that others could read it or take it. In Rex's opinion, children made promises all the time and they promised all kinds of things. When they came to a store and were attracted by something, they promised to come back and they asked the shopkeeper not to let anyone else take the things they wanted away. It happened all the time. 注意：1.续写词数应为150左右； 2．请按如下格式作答。 But Molly insisted that they should wait and keep the book._______ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Rick pushed the door open and rushed to the counter holding his money box.__________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ [营造故事冲突] (一)发现干扰事件，捕捉故事冲突 原文的情节：Molly坚守承诺，为Rick保留着他许诺要买的那本书。 干扰事件 Rick didn't return the following day, or the day after that. 可能的影响 作为一个孩子，Rick可能已经忘记了买书的约定。 故事冲突 Molly的丈夫建议把书重新摆上书架，继续租售。 冲突形式 与其他人的冲突 (二)分析人物性格，推动冲突发展 人物性格 Rick：内向、热爱阅读；Molly：善良、守诺；Rex：不相信孩子会守诺 可能的影响 Will the book be placed on the bookshelf again？ 营造的冲突1 Molly不同意把书继续租售(增加外部冲突) 营造的冲突2 Rick是否还会出现(描写内心矛盾) (三)设计最后危机，结束故事冲突 营造的冲突3 Rick再一次出现在书店，他还记得买书的约定吗？ 合理性分析 通过续写第二段首句中的holding his money box可以合理推测：Rick应该是信守当时的诺言，攒够钱回来买书了。 完成读后续写 参考范文： But Molly insisted that they should wait and keep the book. She didn't place the illustrated book on the bookshelf, hoping Rick would show up soon. A kid might make all kinds of promises and fail to keep them. But Rick was so sincere and eager that Molly believed he wouldn't break his promise. A kid's promise is more valuable than the cost of the book. The book would rest in the drawer still until Rick showed up. Then on one sunny morning, Molly found a little boy running all the way towards her bookstore holding something. The little boy was exactly Rick. Rick pushed the door open and rushed to the counter holding his money box. Molly excitedly pulled the drawer open, took out the illustrated book and walked out from the counter immediately. She knelt with one leg and smiled at Rick, handing the book to Rick. Rick's eyes were shining at the sight of the book, and he put the box on the floor and held the book. “I think you guys had better make your deal here at the coffee table，” said Rex. Molly winked at him delightedly. The sunlight came through the glass window and cast on the little customer and the nice lady. $$