语法写作 第1板块 语法项目(4) 时态、语态和主谓一致（课件）-【创新方案】2026年高考英语一轮复习（人教版）

语法项目(4)　时态、语态和 主谓一致 考点1　过去时态 [高考体验] 1．(2024·北京高考)His glasses went flying and landed in the grass.My heart went out to him, and I ________ (jog) over to him. 解析：分析句子结构可知，此处作谓语动词。根据空格前的“My heart went out to him”及语境可知，此处描述过去发生的事，时态应用一般过去时。 jogged 2．(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)Henry ___________ (fix) his car when he heard the screams.He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony. 解析：此处是句型was/were doing sth.when ...意为“正在做某事，这时……”，主语是Henry，故填was fixing。 was fixing 3．(2020·浙江7月高考)By about 6000 BC, people ______________ (discover) the best crops to grow and animals to raise. 解析：根据时间状语“By about 6000 BC”可知，空格处的谓语动词需用过去完成时，表示到过去某个时间为止已经完成或发生的动作，即过去的过去。 had discovered [系统归纳] 时态 谓语形式(主动语态) 用法 一般 过去时 did 过去某时发生的动作或存在的状态，也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。常用时间状语有：just now, the other day, last week, the day before yesterday等。 过去 进行时 was/ were doing 过去某一阶段正在或经常发生的事。常用句式结构：was/were doing ...when sb.did sth.。 过去 完成时 had done 动作在过去某一时刻之前就已经发生或完成，强调影响或结果。 ①There was once a town in the heart where all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co­existence with its surroundings. 以前，在中心地带有一个小镇，那里所有的生物似乎都与周围的环境和平共处。 ②Mrs Green was preparing lunch at eleven yesterday morning. 昨天上午11点格林太太正准备午餐。 ③She lived with a family she had never met before and everything was new to her. 她和一个以前素未谋面的家庭住在一起，一切对她来说都是新鲜的。 考点2　现在时态 [高考体验] 1．(2024·浙江1月高考)Over the last two years, some supermarkets _____________ (start) selling chicken or salad in packs designed with two halves containing separate portions (份)． 解析：分析句子结构可知，空处动词作谓语，再根据句中的时间状语“Over the last two years”可知，应用现在完成时。 have started 2．(2025·1月八省联考卷)The UN Chinese Language Day not only provides a unique platform for the world to better understand China, but also ____________ (promote) language and cultural exchanges in the world. 解析：分析句子结构可知，此处与provides并列作谓语，时态应用一般现在时，且主语为单数，故填promotes。 promotes 3．(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷改编)Now, I __________ (live) out that dream indirectly by helping the panda keepers do their job in English. 解析：分析句子结构可知，表示说话时正在进行或发生的动作，应用现在进行时，故填am living。 am living [系统归纳] 时态 谓语形式(主动语态) 用法 一般 现在时 do/does 用于表示经常性、规律性、习惯性、真理性的动作或状态。常用时间状语有：always，usually, sometimes等。　 现在 进行时 am/is/ are doing 说话时或现阶段正在发生的动作或行为。常用时间状语有：now, at present, at the moment等。 现在 完成时 has/ have done 过去发生的动作持续到现在，已经完成或继续持续下去，强调影响或结果。常用时间状语有：since＋时间点；for＋时间段；over/in the past＋时间段，already, yet, lately, recently, up to now, so far等。 现在完成 进行时 has/have been doing 动作开始于过去，持续到现在，也许还将继续下去；还表示到目前为止的一段时间里一直反复进行的动作。 续表 ①The flight takes off at 8：30 am every Wednesday and Friday. 这个航班每周三和周五上午8：30 起飞。 ②As a photographer, I have spent the last two years recording everything I discovered. 作为一名摄影师，我花了最近两年的时间记录我所发现的一切。 ③All these years they have been contributing articles to our magazine. 这些年来，他们一直向我们杂志投稿。 考点3　将来时态 [高考体验] 1．(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)Ultimately, I suggested, “I ___________ (return) to Vienna in 4 days.If it's OK with you, I can pay you then, with an additional 10 euros as a gesture of my gratitude.” 解析：分析句子结构可知，此处表示四天后将要返回，故用一般将来时。 will return 2．(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)Gunter's kindness had turned a potentially disastrous evening into a memorable story I _____________ (cherish) for years to come. 解析：分析句子结构，由前面的had turned可知，本句的时态与过去有关。根据句意可知，此处表示在未来将要珍惜，应用过去将来时。 would cherish 3．(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷改编)“Congratulations.I'm really proud of you and there ___________ (go) to be an award presentation next Sunday.”My social studies teacher said with delight. 解析：分析句子结构可知，空处是谓语动词。再结合句意和时间状语next Sunday可知，空处表示将会有一个颁奖仪式，故用be going to do结构表示将来。 is going [系统归纳] 时态 谓语形式(主动语态) 用法 一般 将来时 will (shall) do/be going to do 表示将来某时会发生的动作或行为。常用时间状语有：next day, tomorrow等。在主句是一般将来时的主从复合句中，从句用一般现在时表示将来。 将来 进行时 will be doing 表示将来某时正在发生的动作或行为 过去 将来时 would do/ was (were) going to do 表示在过去某时之后将会发生的动作或行为。 ①It is said that he will retire next month. 据说，他将于下个月退休。 ②Don't phone me between 5 and 6.We'll be having dinner then. 不要在五点至六点之间给我打电话，那时我们在吃晚饭。 ③I wondered what my son would say the next moment. 我想知道儿子接下来会说什么。 [名师指津] 表示“将来”的多种形式： ①“be going to＋动词原形”表示按计划或打算要做某事或某种迹象预示着要发生某事。 ②“be to＋动词原形”表示按计划或安排即将发生的动作，也可表示禁止、命令、注定发生、应该做的事等。 ③“be about to＋动词原形”表示正要或即将要做某事，该结构不与表示具体的时间状语连用。 考点4　被动语态 [高考体验] 1．(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)Two years later, a six­meter-­tall pavilion, inspired by The Peony Pavilion, _____________ (build) at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes' walk from Shakespeare's birthplace. 解析：根据Two years later可知，该句描述的是过去的事实；句子主语pavilion与动词build之间为被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态。 was built 2．(2024·全国甲卷)What should ____________ (do) with such a beautiful place? 解析：分析句子结构可知，空处作谓语，与主语之间为被动关系，故用被动语态。情态动词should后接be done形式。 be done 3．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)After a three­-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year.The GPNP ____________ (design) to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity (完整性) of natural ecosystems ...” 解析：句子的主语The GPNP表示单数意义，与动词design之间是逻辑上的动宾关系。由前一句可知，此句在陈述事实，故应用一般现在时的被动语态。 is designed 4．(2022·浙江1月高考)Travelling to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the like — frequently by plane — _______________________(view) as important for scientists to get together and exchange information. 解析：空处为句子的谓语部分，句子主语为动名词短语“Travelling to ...and the like”，与view之间为被动关系，谓语动词应用单数。再结合语境可知，此处可表示现在的情况或已经发生过的动作对现在造成的影响，故填is viewed/has been viewed。 is viewed/has been viewed 5．(2021·天津高考改编)Currently, about 35,000 works __________________ (display) in over 300 rooms in the Louvre, and it would take a lifetime to see everything. 解析：根据“Currently(目前)”可知，应用现在进行时；display与主语works之间为被动关系，应用现在进行时的被动语态。 are being displayed [系统归纳] 1．各种常考时态的被动语态的构成 时态 谓语形式 一般过去时 was/were done 过去进行时 was/were being done 过去完成时 had been done 一般现在时 am/is/are done 现在进行时 am/is/are being done 现在完成时 has/have been done 一般将来时 will/shall be done 过去将来时 would/should be done 2．被动语态的用法及关注点 (1)不知道或不必指出动作的执行者，或者需要强调动作的承受者时，常用被动语态。 ①The window hasn't been cleaned for weeks. 好几周没擦窗户了。 ②All the employees are encouraged to work online. 所有的雇员都被鼓励网上办公。 (2)主动形式表示被动意义的几种情况。 ①表示主语的某种属性、特征或功能的动词，如read, write, sell, wash等，常与well, badly, easily, smoothly等副词连用，用主动形式表示被动意义。 ②系动词appear, look, sound, prove等后接形容词作表语，用主动形式表示被动意义。 ③open, close, keep等动词常与won't, can't, wouldn't, hardly等连用，常用主动形式表示被动意义。 ·The shirt doesn't wash well. 这件衬衫不好洗。 ·No matter what he did to the door, it wouldn't open. 不论他怎么对付这个门，它就是打不开。 [名师指津] “get＋过去分词”也可构成被动语态，如get＋married/broken/ damaged/repaired/dressed等。 The patient got treated once a week. 那位病人一周接受一次治疗。 考点5　主谓一致 [高考体验] 1．(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)The latest engineering techniques are applied to create ...The design features ten steel ...These sepals open on warm days ...Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse ________ (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road ... 解析：空处作谓语动词。根据上文可知，本句时态为一般现在时。主语the Silk Route Garden为单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。walk sb.through意为“带领某人穿过……”，故填walks。 walks 2．(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)Some of the things that Tang was writing about ______ (be) also Shakespeare's concerns. 解析：分析句子结构可知，空处作主句的谓语动词。该句的主语为Some of the things，是复数。再根据句意可知，此处描述的是过去的事情，故填were。 were 3．(2023·全国乙卷)Having visited several times over the last 10 years, I ______________ (amaze) by the co­-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing. 解析：根据本句中的“was able to”可知，应用一般过去时；I和amaze之间是被动关系，应用被动语态；主语I为单数，be动词应用was。 was amazed [系统归纳] 1．语法一致 (1)主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；若为复数形式，谓语动词则用复数形式。 (2)“many a＋单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 (3)由and或both ...and ...连接并列名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 (4)主语后接with, along with, together with, but, as well as等词或短语时，谓语动词的单复数形式与主语保持一致。 (5)one, everyone, each one, each ...and each ...作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 (6)不定代词either, neither 和由every-­， some-­， no­-， any­-等构成的复合代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。none后的谓语动词根据情况可用单数，也可用复数。 2．意义一致 (1)由and连接的两个名词作主语，如果主语是同一个人、同一件事或同一个概念(and后面无冠词)，则谓语动词用单数形式。 (2)family, class, group, team, audience 等集体名词作主语时，如果表示整体概念，谓语动词用单数形式；如果表示其中的成员，谓语动词用复数形式。 (3)police (警察), people等形式上是单数，但通常被用作复数，谓语动词用复数形式。 (4)blind, old, young, poor, rich等形容词与the连用，表示一类人，在意义上是复数，谓语动词用复数形式。 (5)news, maths, physics, economics等词的形式是以­s结尾，但意义上是单数，作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。 (6)表示时间、距离、重量、金钱的名词作主语，通常被看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式。 (7)“the＋姓氏的复数形式”表示“某夫妇/一家人”，作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 3．就近一致 (1)there be句型中有并列主语时，谓语动词be在数上与最近的主语保持一致。 (2)由either ...or(或者……或者)，neither ...nor(既不……也不，两者都不)，not only ...but also (不但……而且), or (或者), whether ...or(是……还是), not ...but (不是……而是)等连接的并列名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式与最近的主语保持一致。 [解题思维建模] Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．Among the famous prints __ (be) “Night Revels of Han Xizai”． 2．This coastal area ___________ (name) a national wildlife reserve last year. 3．Did you predict that many students ____________ (sign) up for the dance competition? 4．Eric, as well as his friends, _____ (be) for the tour plan at the meeting yesterday. is was named would sign was 5．The curtains are about to open，and in a few minutes the action and dialogue _________ (tell) you the story. 6．This new martial art _________ (spread) and grown into different branches over the past two hundred years. 7．At present, one of the arguments in favor of the new airport ____ (be) that it will bring a lot of jobs to the area. 8．We arrived at work in the morning and found that somebody ___________ (break) into the office during the night. will tell has spread is had broken 9．The jade Jue dragon from the Liaoning Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology _______ (date) back around 7,000 years to the Neolithic period between 5500 BC to 5000 BC. 10．Jim _____________ (watch) a late night film at home when, right in the middle of a thrilling scene, the television went blank. dates was watching Ⅱ.语篇填空(用谓语动词知识填空) Yangshuo, China It was raining lightly when I 1._________ (arrive) at Yangshuo just before dawn.But I didn't care.A few hours before, I 2. _________ (be) at home, with its choking smog outside.Here, the air was clean and fresh, even with the rain. arrived had been I had once skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River that are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings.Instead, I'd headed straight for Yangshuo.For those who fly to Guilin, it's only an hour away by car and 3.________ (offer) all the scenery of the better­known city. Yangshuo 4.____ (be) really beautiful.A study of travelers conducted by a website names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in China.And the town 5. ____________ (become) a popular weekend destination feast for people in Asia.A famous travel company says it regularly arranges quick getaways (短假) here for people living in Shanghai. offers is is becoming Ⅲ.单句写作 1．In the past few years, great changes ________________ in my hometown.在过去的几年里，我的家乡发生了巨大变化。 2．Additionally, you ______________________ a rehearsal to ensure a smooth contest. 此外，你需要参加一次彩排，以确保比赛顺利进行。 3．You can't imagine how excited they were when they _________________ in the game. 你无法想象他们获得比赛第一名时是多么兴奋。 have taken place are expected to attend won the first place 4．Next Sunday at 9：00 am, we ____________________________________ across from our school to engage in various meaningful activities. 下周日上午9点，我们将在学校对面的社区门口集合，去参加各种有意义的活动。 5．Different elements mean different preferences.Individuals ____________ _________________ their own goals. 不同的元素意味着不同的偏好。每个人都在寻找通往自己目标的道路。 will gather at the gate of the community are seeking paths that lead to $$