语法写作 第2板块 专题2 第三讲 如何丰富文章内容（课件）-【创新方案】2026年高考英语一轮复习（北师大版）

第三讲　如何丰富文章内容 “创造了丰富合理的内容”是读后续写最高档水平的评分细则之一。“内容的丰富性”要求续写部分详实、生动地描述情景、态度和感情等，要求情节扣人心弦。要想做到续写内容丰富，叙述非常重要，能很好地推动故事情节的发展，但细节描写也不可或缺。要达到叙述与细节的融合，应遵守“叙述与描写共进”的原则。 一、情节推进 续写部分的故事情节在语言风格上要与原文保持一致。推进情节时，可以从语法角度和思维角度设计语言，做到叙述和描写共同推进。 (一)语法角度 1．用准“时态和句式” 读后续写部分的情节叙述多用表示过去的时态(一般过去时或过去进行时)。句式上，常会用到八种基本句型、三大从句(名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句)和一些特殊句式(倒装句、强调句和省略句等)。如： ①Some of his friends laughed at him, thinking it was a waste of time.(一般过去时) 他的一些朋友嘲笑他，认为这是浪费时间。 ②The headmaster smiled at Jim.(基本句型：主谓宾) 校长对吉姆笑了笑。 ③What further astonished and touched me was that he handed me some cash for taking a bus.(主语从句和表语从句) 更令我惊讶和感动的是，他给了我一些坐公交车的钱。 ④Never had I thought that I could win the prize in writing.(倒装句) 我从来没有想到我能在写作上获奖。 2．用活“无灵主语句” “无灵主语句”就是用表示“抽象概念、心理感觉、事物名称或时间地点”等的非人称名词作主语，以人的动作或行为的“有灵动词”(如：gain, get, seize, fail, see, find等)作谓语的句子。如： ①The beautiful scenery gained the place quite a reputation. 美景使这个地方颇有名气。 ②A strong sense of relief seized Tom, tears streaming down his cheeks. 汤姆如释重负，眼泪顺着脸颊流了下来。 ③The light of the sun shone on us, witnessing the start of a new friendship. 阳光照在我们身上，见证了一段新的友谊的开始。 (二)思维角度 叙述时，要确保思维连贯，逻辑严密，句子和句群在意义上要有关联，自然顺畅。续写时，可以先把段落划分成几个句群，然后再展开叙述和描写。比如，2022年新高考Ⅰ卷读后续写第一段的叙述可以划分如下： We sat down next to each other, but David wouldn't look at me. He lowered his head and rubbed his hands.“You don't want to give up，do you？” I asked in a soft voice. He nodded with tears in his eyes but still hesitated.(句群1：询问原因) Then I showed him some photos. In a few pictures, he is described he loves sports and he enjoys running every day; In some others it indicates that he benefits a lot from sports and is laughing with his classmates happily.(句群2：悉心安慰) His face lit up and David — hard­working, determined, and full of positive energy — came alive. He looked up at me, promising to find his true self again.(句群3：充满信心) 从上面的例子来看，故事情节的叙述分成了三个句群：作者询问David放弃比赛的原因；作者悉心安慰David；David充满信心，决定参加比赛。这三个句群思维连贯、语意关联、层次分明。这种语言设计值得借鉴。 二、细节描写 细节描写是读后续写中必不可少的一种写作手段。它通过对人物的肖像、神态、动作、心理和对话等的详细描述来表现人物性格、塑造人物形象。它也可通过环境描写和场景描写等来烘托人物的情感。 1．肖像描写 肖像描写即描绘人物的面貌特征，它包括人物的身材、容貌、服饰、打扮以及表情、仪态风度等。肖像描写的目的是以 “形” 传 “神”，刻画人物的性格特征，反映人物的内心世界。 ①Father had white hair, looking very old, with some wrinkles on his forehead.(容貌) 父亲有一头白发，看起来很老，额头上有些皱纹。 ②My deskmate is 1.8 meters tall with a strongly­-built body and sun-­tanned skin, making him look like a sportsman.(身材) 我的同桌一米八的个子，身材结实，皮肤晒得黑黑的，使他看起来像一位运动员。 2．神态描写 对人物的五官、眼神等动作和变化的描写可以帮助读者领悟人物的心理。神态描写通常伴随肢体描写，使人物的形象立体丰满，栩栩如生。 ①I will never forget the broad smile on my father's face.我永远不会忘记我父亲脸上灿烂的笑容。 ②He nodded and bit his lip, tears welling up in his eyes.他点点头，咬着嘴唇，泪眼汪汪。 3．动作描写 动作描写是指对人物的整个身体或身体的某一部位的走、跑、跳、哭、笑、喊等动作的细节描写。它们可以反映人物的内心活动或思想态度等。 ①With a squeaking call, she dived towards me and hovered before my face, looking at me with her bright eyes. 它尖声叫着，向我扑来，在我面前盘旋，用它明亮的眼睛看着我。 ②Mother ran in my direction, gathered me into her arms, and kept patting my back gently. 妈妈朝我这个方向跑过来，把我拥入怀抱，不停地轻轻拍着我的后背。 4．心理描写 通过对人物心理的描写，读者能直观地了解人物的内心，体会其行为、动作背后的含义。人物的心理活动可以通过人物的所思所想和内心独白直接呈现，也可以通过景物烘托、人物动作和神态等间接呈现。 ①A feeling of gratitude washed over me as I heard his words. 当我听到他的话时，一种感激之情涌上心头。 ②She felt a rush of excitement as she prepared to take the stage, her hands trembling with anticipation.当她准备登上舞台时，她感到一阵兴奋涌上心头，双手颤抖着，心里充满着期待。 5．对话描写 对话描写鲜明地展示人物的性格，生动地表现人物的思想感情，深刻地反映人物的内心世界，使读者“闻其声，如见其人”。 ①“May I have your phone number? I will call you and return the money I owe you. I promise I will keep my word！” I added. “能告诉我你的电话号码吗？我会打电话给你，把欠你的钱还给你。我保证我会遵守诺言！”我补充说。 ②Looking at Gunter with the biggest and sincerest smile since adulthood, I said, “Thanks. You've really made my day.” and then rushed to board the bus. 我带着长大以来最大、最真诚的微笑看着冈特说：“谢谢。你真的让我很开心。”然后赶紧上了车。 6．环境描写 环境描写是指对人物所处的具体的社会环境和自然环境的描写。环境描写可以烘托氛围，折射出人物的心理状态，与人物的思想感情密不可分。恰到好处的环境描写会使读者身临其境，使文章更加引人入胜。 It was so peaceful and quiet here and the colors of the brown rocks, the deep green pine trees, and the late afternoon sun mixed to create a magic scene. It looked like a beautiful woven blanket spread out upon the ground just for us.(自然环境) 这里非常静谧安宁，棕色的岩石、深绿色的松树和晚霞，五颜六色交织在一起，构成了一幅神奇的场景。它看起来就像为我们铺展在地上的一条编织的漂亮毯子。 7．场景描写 场景描写是指对人物参加活动的场景的描写。常见的续写场景描写有：体育比赛场景、音乐或舞蹈演出场景、危险中救人的场景、家人或朋友互助的场景等。这些场景描写能给读者带来强烈的画面感。 I watched as David moved up to the starting line with the other runners. The starter's gun sounded, and David leaned forward with the other children. But he had only run a few metres before he tripped and fell flat on the ground.(体育比赛) 我看着大卫和其他赛跑者一起走上起跑线。发令员的枪声响起，大卫和其他孩子一起向前倾身(起跑)。但他只跑了几米就绊了一下，摔倒在地上。 [即时训练] 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 “Come on, Ben，” I said, pointing to the floor of my car. “Let's go for a hike.” But he refused to jump in. Instead, he kept dancing nervously around my feet, and then sat down on the ground, looking up at me with sad eyes. Having changed the command for several times, I lost my patience eventually. I took him up and threw him into my car. Ben seemed very scared. “Stay there，” I ordered angrily, raising my voice. That was my first afternoon with the three-­year­old dog I was adopting, and it was the first time for our daily hike. I'd taken Ben in reluctantly, as a temporary solution for Tommy, my best friend. She was trying to find a new home for the dog, which was rescued from a shelter and had been kept long in a cage there. Tommy knew why I was unwilling to give Ben a permanent home. Three months earlier, I'd lost my beloved dog, Bantam, who'd been with me for 15 years. I wasn't ready to let a new dog into my life yet. But I'd agreed to help Tommy out while she continued her search for a permanent home for Ben. Actually, Ben had a boyish enthusiasm toward anything new. He was also a sweet dog. One morning, he even came to the steps where I sat. He shyly looked at me, then walked over and put one of his feet on my knee. At that very moment, I realized that he did show affection, in his own way. But he stubbornly refused to get in the car for our hikes, no matter how hard I tried to persuade him to get in the car. Every day, I had to lift him up and placed him in the back seat. “Why wouldn't Ben jump into the car？” I kept wondering about Ben's strange behavior. 注意：1.续写词数应为150左右； 2．请按如下格式作答。 One day, I lost my patience again.　__________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ The next afternoon, I called Ben over and let him watch as I removed the cage from the car. __________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 参考范文： One day, I lost my patience again. When I ordered Ben to get in angrily, he lay on the ground, resting his head on his paws. Seeing the sadness and fear in his eyes, I gave in and tried to lift him into the car as usual. Suddenly I saw Bantam's cage in my car. At the very moment, I understood the dog's strange behavior and decided to build the necessary trust between us first. The next afternoon, I called Ben over and let him watch as I removed the cage from the car. After that, I pointed to the floor of the car. To my surprise, Ben jumped in on his own and sat down beside me. He even went so far that he licked my hand very happily. Without hesitation, I called Tommy and told her about my decision to give Ben a permanent home, because I did not want to lose the hard-­won trust that Ben put in me. $$