UNIT 6 Section Ⅰ Topic Talk & Lesson 1-【金版教程】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第二册创新导学案课件PPT（北师大版2019）

WELCOME UNIT UNIT 6　THE MEDIA Section Ⅰ　Topic Talk & Lesson 1 课前预习自检 重点合作探究 目录 CONTENTS 1 2 课堂效果检测(一) 3 课后课时作业(一) 6 课后课时作业(二) 7 课时语法精讲 4 课堂效果检测(二) 5 课前预习自检 From Page to Screen 从页面到屏幕 by James Hope (Arts journalist) 作者：詹姆斯·霍普(艺术记者) Reading a book and watching a film are two very different experiences, but it's normal to have high expectations when a film of a favourite book is made. 读书和看电影是两种截然不同的体验，但人们对最喜欢的书翻拍成电影抱有很高的期望是正常的。 课前预习自检 There are many times I have been pessimistic or even disappointed by a film of a book I love. 有很多次，我对自己喜欢的书翻拍成的电影感到悲观甚至失望。 •Although highly regarded books do not always make good films, it is safe to say that great films may be made from not particularly good books.(The Godfather immediately springs to mind.) 尽管获得高度评价的书并不总是能拍出好电影，但可以肯定地说，伟大的电影也可能出自平庸的书。(《教父》立刻浮现在脑海里。) 课前预习自检 词句自测 ① __________ n. 期待，预期，预料 ② __________ adj. 悲观的 ③“让步状语从句(Although ... films)＋主句(it is safe ... books)”。让步状语从句中是主谓宾结构，highly regarded是主语books的_____。主句中it是_____主语， to say that ... books是_______主语。 expectation pessimistic 定语 形式 真正的 课前预习自检 The source material for a film may be taken from classic novels, short stories, comic books and stage plays, as well as non­fiction such as biographies and autobiographies, even those written by ghost writers. 电影的素材可能来自经典小说、短篇小说、漫画书和舞台剧，也可能来自传记和自传等非小说类作品，甚至是代笔人写的作品。 All can work well, but why do many adaptations and indeed remakes fail with both cinema audiences and critics? 这些素材都能拍出很棒的作品，但为什么许多改编作品和翻拍作品都没有受到影院观众和影评人的好评呢？ 课前预习自检 词句自测 ④ _______ adj. 经典的　n. 名著；经典作品 ⑤ ______ n. (长篇)小说 ⑥ ______ n. 连环漫画　adj. 滑稽的 ⑦ __________ n. 非小说类文学作品 ⑧ _________ n. 传记 classic novel comic non­fiction biography And why do some adaptations get lower ratings than others? 为什么有些改编作品的评分比其他作品低？ 课前预习自检 ⑨_____________ n. 自传 ⑩___________ 代笔人 ⑪__________ n. 改编版；适应 ⑫_____ n. 评论家，批评家 ⑬______ n. (电影、电视的)收视率排行榜；等级，程度 autobiography ghost writer adaptation critic rating 课前预习自检 A key question is obviously how close to the original the film is. 显而易见，关键问题在于电影有多接近原著。 •Since a typical film is only around two hours long, it becomes a question for screenwriters to decide what is appropriate for the screen and what to leave out. 由于一部典型的电影时长大约两小时，对于编剧来说，这就成了一个问题，他们要决定哪些适合搬上银幕，哪些可以省略。 Screenwriters take creative liberty and sometimes there may be changes to the plot, additions, and even different endings to please producers, directors and test audiences. 编剧们创作自由，有时为了迎合制片人、导演和试映观众可能会改动情节、添加内容，甚至不同的结局。 课前预习自检 I, like many people, have often left the cinema feeling “the film is not like the book”． 和许多人一样，我经常在离开电影院时感慨“电影和原著不像”。 Another problem area is the cast. 另一个问题是演员阵容。 Finding actors acceptable to film audiences can mean the difference between success and failure. 找到能被电影观众接受的演员意味着成败之差。 课前预习自检 Readers of the book use their imaginations to visualise characters and have very definite ideas about how characters should look and sound. 读者会运用他们的想象力将书中人物形象化，并对人物的外貌和声音有非常明确的想法。 This is where I think many film adaptations fall down. 我认为这就是许多电影改编的失败之处。 课前预习自检 词句自测 ⑭ __________ adj. 恰当的；合适的 ⑮ ______ n. 自由；自由权 ⑯ ____ n. 演员阵容，全体演员　vt. 投射(光或影) ⑰ ________ vt. 设想，想象 ⑱ _______ adj. 清楚的，明确的 ⑲“原因状语从句(Since ... long)＋主句(it becomes ... out)”。主句结构为“主(it)系(becomes)表(a question)”。it是_____主语，to decide ... out是不定式短语作______主语；screenwriters是不定式的_____主语；what ... screen和what ... out是_____关系，共同作decide的宾语。 appropriate liberty cast visualise definite 形式 真正的 逻辑 并列 课前预习自检 Some books are just too difficult to be adapted for technical reasons, although films like The Life of Pi are changing this idea. 有些书因为技术原因很难改编，尽管像《少年派的奇幻漂流》这样的电影一直在改变这一观念。 CGI (Computer Generated Image) technology has had a huge impact on the film industry. 电脑生成动画技术对电影产业有重大影响。 课前预习自检 It allowed the previously unfilmable to become a reality. 它让以前无法拍摄的电影变成了现实。 •One may think that it is the book writer who is in the best position to do film adaptations. 有人可能会认为，改编电影的最佳人选是原著作者。 课前预习自检 词句自测 ⑳ ________ adj. 技术上的 21 ________ vt. 产生，创造 22 “主(One)谓(may think)宾(that it is ... adaptations)”。宾语从句中对主语_____________进行强调，to do film adaptations是不定式短语作position的_________ 。 technical generate the book writer 后置定语 课前预习自检 In fact, sometimes authors are very involved in the process and may even be the screenwriter. 事实上，有时候作者的确会参与这个过程，甚至可能担任编剧。 •This can actually be a disadvantage because they may be too close to the material and find it difficult to adapt to a new form. 这实际上是一种劣势，因为他们可能过于忠实于原著材料，很难将其改编成新的形式。 课前预习自检 At other times they are not, and there are instances where writers have been very unsatisfied with the film versions of their work； 在其他时候，作者本人不是编剧，也有这样的例子，作者非常不满意自己的作品所拍摄的电影版本； Stephen King is an example of this. 斯蒂芬·金就是一个例子。 Even more extreme was novelist J．D. Salinger, who made sure no film versions of his popular novel A Catcher in the Rye could ever be made. 更极端的是小说家杰罗姆·大卫·塞林格，他不准自己广受欢迎的小说《麦田里的守望者》被拍成电影。 课前预习自检 In this situation, it is clear that viewers will not be disappointed! For me, anyway, it is always a bad idea to watch a film of a book you love. 在这种情况下，很显然观众不会失望！对我来说，不管怎样，去看自己钟爱的书翻拍成的电影是一个坏主意。 词句自测 23 _______ n. 版本 24 “主句(This ... disadvantage)＋ _________从句(because ... form)”。may be ... material是_____结构，find ... form是动宾结构，二者是_____关系；后者中包含“find＋it＋adj.＋to do sth”结构。 version 原因状语 系表 并列 课前预习自检 Despite the challenges, there have been some highly successful films made from popular books. 尽管面临挑战，还是有一些改编自畅销书的电影获得了巨大成功。 For me, Jaws, Harry Potter and The Lord of the Rings all fit this category. 对我来说，《大白鲨》《哈利波特》和《指环王》都属于这一类。 And possibly the best proof of a successful adaptation is the James Bond series, the majority of which has been adapted from the 007 novels of Ian Fleming. 可能最成功的电影改编的例子是詹姆斯·邦德系列，该系列的大部分作品都改编自伊恩·弗莱明的《007》小说。 课前预习自检 •Perhaps unusually, audiences seem to accept that the actors who have played James Bond have changed so often, although everyone seems to have their favourite. 也许不同寻常的是，尽管每个人似乎都有自己喜欢的演员，但观众似乎也能接受詹姆斯·邦德的扮演者经常换人。 I know I do. 我知道我也能接受。 课前预习自检 词句自测 25 ________ n. 类别，种类，范畴 26 ______ n. 证明 27 “主句(Perhaps unusually, audiences ... often)＋_________从句(although ... favourite)”。主句的结构为“主(audiences)系(seem)表(to accept ... so often)”；that ... often是accept的_____从句；从句中who ... Bond 是the actors的_____从句。 category proof 让步状语 宾语 定语 课前预习自检 重点合作探究 1 election n. 选举(教材P50) 归纳 拓展 重点合作探究 ①Besides, I have such a good command of English that I am elected as assistant to my English teacher. 此外，我精通英语，以至于我被选为英语老师的助手。 ②She became the first woman to be elected to the Senate. 她成为第一个被选进参议院的女性。 ③Increasing numbers of people elect to work from home nowadays. 现在越来越多的人选择在家办公。 ④We won the election fair and square. 我们光明正大地竞选获胜。 重点合作探究 名师点津 elect表示“选举”，主要指选举某人担任某职位。若所涉及的职位名词在句中作宾语、表语、补语，则通常不用冠词。 重点合作探究 (1)单句语法填空 ①We elected her ___ the board of education. ②He elected _________ (become) a doctor after graduation. ③Temple attracted people's attention again when she announced to participate in the ________ (elect)． ④There is a leader in each area of the town and each town has an _______ (elect) leader. to to become election elected 重点合作探究 (2)单句表达 他决定四年后重新参加总统竞选。 He decided to ________________________ again four years later. fight the presidential election 重点合作探究 2 debate n．& vi.& vt. 讨论，辩论(教材P50) 归纳 拓展 重点合作探究 ①We can have a debate in class about the effects of global warming. 我们可以在课堂上对全球变暖的影响进行讨论。 ②The motion under debate was put to a vote. 辩论中的动议已付诸表决。 ③The truth of this news story is beyond debate. 这则新闻报道的真实性毋庸置辩。 重点合作探究 (1)单句语法填空 ①It turned out to be a very interesting session with a _____ (live) debate. ②There is always a debate ____________ whether students should use cellphones or not at school. (2)单句表达 ①经过一场激烈的辩论，我们就这一计划达成一致意见。 After _____________， we all agreed on the plan. ②尽管这部法律仍在讨论中，但是它将很快被通过。 Even though the law is ___________ now, it will be passed soon. a heated debate under debate lively on/about/over 重点合作探究 3 available adj. 可获得的，可用的；有空的(教材P50) 归纳 拓展 重点合作探究 ①Jim, are you available this Saturday? 吉姆，这个星期六你有空吗？ ②It is vital that food is made available to the famine areas. 一定要把食品送到遭受饥荒的地区，这是至关重要的。 ③There's no money available for an office party this year. 今年没有钱可用于办公室聚会了。 ④Detailed information about our product is available in this brochure. 这本小册子里面有我们产品的详细资料。 重点合作探究 (1)单句语法填空 ①Funds are available _______ (assist) teachers who want to attend the conference. ②There's no money available ___ tax cuts this year. ③The computer has become smaller and cheaper and therefore more available ___ a greater number of people. (2)单句表达 图书馆中所有的书籍将供我们借阅。 All the books in the library __________________． to assist for to will be available to us 重点合作探究 4 acknowledge vt. 承认(教材P50) 归纳 拓展 重点合作探究 ①With no solid evidence, he refused to acknowledge stealing the lady's purse. 没有确凿的证据，他拒绝承认偷了那位女士的钱包。 ②The old chairman of the company has acknowledged his elder son to be/as his successor. 公司老董事长已确认他的长子为他的继位人。 ③People widely acknowledge that students should be evaluated in terms of overall quality. ＝It is widely acknowledged that students should be evaluated in terms of overall quality. 人们普遍认为应该依据整体素质来评价学生。 重点合作探究 (1)单句语法填空 ①It is widely ____________ (acknowledge) that he is the greatest poet in the flesh. ②He refused to acknowledge ____________(cheat) by his friends. (2)句型转换 ①She acknowledged that she was defeated. →She acknowledged __________________． ②It's universally acknowledged that he is the best player in the world. →He is universally ___________________ the best player in the world. acknowledged being cheated having been defeated acknowledged to be/as 重点合作探究 5 dismiss vt. 否定(教材P50) 归纳 拓展 重点合作探究 ①She was dismissed as a dreamer. 人们认为她是个空想家而不予理睬。 ②She claims that she was unfairly dismissed from her post. 她声称自己被无理免职。 ③He dismissed fear from his mind. 他消除了心中的恐惧。 重点合作探究 (1)单句语法填空 ①He was dismissed _____ his job for his careless mistakes. ②He dismissed the opinion polls ___ worthless. (2)单句表达 我遗憾地告诉你，由于你的工作很糟，我不得不解雇你。 I regret to tell you because of your bad work, _______________________． from as I am forced to dismiss you 重点合作探究 6 mixture n. 混合(教材P114) 归纳 拓展 重点合作探究 ①The works of his are usually a mixture of Chinese tradition with western style. 他的作品通常是中国传统与西方风格的融合。 ②If you mix blue with/and yellow, you get green. 如果你把蓝色和黄色相混合，就得到绿色。 ③Someone has mixed up all the application forms. 有人把申请表都弄乱了。 ④I think you must be mixing me up with someone else. 我觉得你一定是把我错当成别人了。 重点合作探究 (1)单句语法填空 ①He looked at her with a _______ (mix) of amusement and happiness. ②When ______ (mix) with water, salt dissolves quickly, which is a physical reaction. ③You're always mixing me ___ with my twin brother. ④I still have ______ (mix) feelings about going to Brazil. (2)单句表达 玛丽和她的双胞胎妹妹如此相像以至于许多人把她和她的妹妹搞混。 Mary and her twin sister are so alike that many people _____________________． mixture mixed up mixed mix her up with her sister 重点合作探究 7 consult vt. 查阅　vi.& vt. 咨询；商议(教材P115) 归纳 拓展 重点合作探究 ①In order to finish his paper, he has consulted many books in the library. 为了完成他的论文，他在图书馆里查阅了许多书籍。 ②He often goes to the office to consult his teacher about the method of learning English. 他经常去办公室向老师请教关于学习英语的方法。 ③I need to consult with my colleagues on the proposals. 我需要和我的同事商讨这些建议。 重点合作探究 易混辨析：consult/look up 两者均有“查阅”之意 consult 相当于refer to或turn to，后面接查询的工具 look up 后面接需查询的问题或内容 重点合作探究 (1)单句语法填空 ①There are some __________ (consult) in our club. ②The experts consulted _____ each other about how to reduce the loss caused by the earthquake. ③He consulted a number of books ________ the subject in the library before he gave his speech. consultants with about/on 重点合作探究 (2)选词填空(consult/look up) ①When you meet with any new words, you'd better _______ the words in the dictionary. ②I _________ the telephone book for his number. look up consulted 重点合作探究 8 alternative adj. 可替代的；另外的 n. 可供选择的事物(教材P115) 归纳 拓展 重点合作探究 ①The way was blocked, so we went by an alternative road. 这条路被挡住了，因此我们走了另一条路。 ②There is a vegetarian alternative on the menu every day. 每天的菜单上另有素食餐点。 ③There were so many cars held up by the heavy rain on the road that we had no alternative but to wait. 路上有太多的车辆因大雨受阻，我们别无选择只好等待。 ④These communities are now turning to recycling as a cheaper alternative to landfills. 这些社区现正开始用回收这种较为廉价的方法替代废物填埋法。 重点合作探究 名师点津 (1)alternative通常指两者之间的选择，而choice则指一般意义上的选择。 (2)“别无选择只好做……”的其他表达形式还有：have no choice but to do sth; can't do sth but do sth; can do nothing but do sth等。在这些结构中，若but之前出现实 义动词do的某种形式，but之后要用省略to的不定式，否则，but之后的to不能省略。 重点合作探究 (1)单句语法填空 ①If you don’t like the school lunch, you have the alternative ___ bringing your own. ②There is ___ alternative to this sick system—but we are choosing to ignore it. ③He has no alternative but _____ (try) hard to finish it on time. ④___________ (alternative), you can squeeze fresh lemon juice onto the stain or use the bottled lemon juice. of an to try Alternatively 重点合作探究 (2)单句表达 为了成功，我们别无选择只有勇敢地直面失败并从中吸取教训。 In order to succeed, we _________________________ failure bravely and learn from it. have no alternative but to face 重点合作探究 9 purchase vt. 购买　n. 购买(物)(教材P115) 归纳 拓展 重点合作探究 ①We purchased some books from the bookstore. 我们从书店里买了一些书。 ②They purchased the land for $1 million. 他们用100万美元买下了这块土地。 ③He promised that he would make a purchase of a house at the end of the year. 他答应今年年底买房子。 重点合作探究 (1)单句语法填空 ①If you purchase goods ____ $100 and above, you will get a discount. ②In this series, we're trying to stick to brands that are readily ___________ (purchase) nationally. ③Her latest purchase ______ (be) a long black coat. ④The group is our second largest _________ (purchase) in the city. (2)单句表达 他把钱给儿子是为了购买学校课本。 He gave his son some money ________________ his school books. for purchasable was/is purchaser for the purchase of 重点合作探究 10 expectation n. 期待，预期，预料(教材P52) 归纳 拓展 重点合作探究 ①I am sure that I can perfectly live up to your expectations. 我确信我不会辜负你的期望。 ②We were expecting him to arrive yesterday. 我们一直盼望着他昨天到达。 重点合作探究 (1)单句语法填空 ①The __________ (expect) and pressures on students differ from school to school. ②His winning the Nobel Peace Prize was ___________ many people's expectations. ③You can't expect _______ (learn) a foreign language in a few months. (2)单句表达 实验的结果出乎我的意料。 The result of the experiment was __________________________． expectations beyond/out of to learn beyond/out of my expectations 重点合作探究 11 There are many times I have been pessimistic or even disappointed by a film of a book I love.不止一次，我喜欢的书籍拍成电影，我都不看好，甚至很失望。(教材P52) 剖析 I have been ... a book I love是定语从句，先行词time作“次数”讲时，应用关系代词that引导定语从句，that可省略；当先行词 time作“一段时间，时代”讲且作状语时，应用关系副词when或“介词at/during＋which”引导定语从句。 重点合作探究 归纳 拓展 含有time的其他句型： 句型 从句谓语动词 含义 It's (high/about) time＋(that) ... did或should do 是该做某事的时候了(属于虚拟语气的句型) It's＋时间段＋since从句 一般过去时 (到目前为止)做某事有多长时间了 It was＋时间段＋since从句 过去完成时 (到过去某时间为止) 做某事多长时间了 It is the＋序数词＋time＋that从句 现在完成时 某人第几次…… 重点合作探究 归纳 拓展 It was the＋序数词＋time＋that从句 过去完成时 某人第几次…… It was (not)＋时间段＋before从句 一般过去时 (没)过……就…… It will (not) be＋时间段＋before从句 一般现在时 要过……才…… It/That/There was a time when ... 一般过去时 when引导定语从句，修饰先行词a time(一段时间) 重点合作探究 ①It is five years since he smoked. 他戒烟已有五年了。 ②It is the first time that the president has visited the country. 这是这位总统第一次访问这个国家。 ③There was a time when this kind of music was very popular. 曾经有段时期，这种音乐很流行。 重点合作探究 单句语法填空 ①This was a time ______ the two countries were at war. ②It was the second time that he __________ (miss) such a good chance. ③It is the first time that I ___________ (walk) with my parents. ④It's high time that we _____________ (go) to school. ⑤It is three years since he _____ (come) here. ⑥It was three years before his father _______ (visit) the old temple. when had missed have walked went/should go came visited 重点合作探究 12 adaptation n. 改编版；适应(教材P52) 归纳 拓展 重点合作探究 ①Jin Weigang added that young people may have to work a few years longer but will have a long adaptation and transition period. 金维刚补充道，年轻人工作的年数会更长一些，但会有很长的适应期和过 渡期。 ②The new settler tried his best to make a quick adaptation to the new environment. 这位新的定居者尽他最大的努力来快速适应新的环境。 重点合作探究 名师点津 表示“适应”的短语还有：be/get used to, be/get accustomed to, adjust to 等。 ③If you can adapt (yourself) to something, you can change in order to make the situation better. 如果你能对某事适应，你可以改变以使情况更好。 ④The movie adapted from a novel is well received by people. 这部改编自小说的电影很受人们的欢迎。 重点合作探究 (1)单句语法填空 ①The little boy made an _________ (adapt) to his new school finally. ②Gone With the Wind is an American romance film adapted _____ the novel of the same name. ③It was the culture, rather than the language, that made it hard for him to adapt ___ the new environment abroad. adaptation from to 重点合作探究 (2)一句多译 我们相信他能很快适应学校生活。 We believe that he can _______________________ the school life. ＝We believe that he can _______________ the school life quickly. make a quick adaptation to adapt (himself) to 重点合作探究 13 appropriate adj. 恰当的；合适的(教材P52) 归纳 拓展 重点合作探究 ①His bright clothes were hardly appropriate while she was dressed appropriately. 他那鲜艳的衣服不是很适合，然而她的穿着却很得体。 ②Sports clothes are not appropriate for a formal wedding. 运动服不适合在正式婚礼中穿。 ③It is not appropriate that he (should) interrupt his teacher when she was talking. 他在老师讲话时打断她是不合适的。 ④It is often appropriate to use the local dialect to communicate your message. 用方言来交流信息往往很合适。 重点合作探究 (1)单句语法填空 ①She picked up a dress which was appropriate ____ the occasion. ②I didn't feel that it was appropriate _________ (mention) the subject of money now. ③It is clever for this young boy to use the new word ___________ (appropriate)． (2)一句多译 采访中你问这样私人的问题是不合适的。 _____________________________ such personal questions in an interview. ＝__________________________________ such personal questions in an interview. for to mention appropriately It is not appropriate for you to ask It is not appropriate that you (should) ask 重点合作探究 14 cast n. 演员阵容，全体演员　vt. 投射(光或影)(教材P52) 归纳 拓展 重点合作探究 ①He has cast her as an ambitious lawyer in his latest movie. 他选定她在他最近的一部影片里扮演一名雄心勃勃的律师。 ②She cast a quick glance at the notepad to see if there were any messages for her. 她很快地看了一下记事簿，看是否有留给她的口信。 ③The information offered by the old man may help cast light on/upon the mystery. 这位老人提供的信息可能有助于弄清这件神秘的事情。 ④Barriers to women in sport are being cast away. 女性参与体育运动的障碍正在被消除。 重点合作探究 (1)单句语法填空 ①The circumstances were all against Joe, but he was not cast _____． ②You must cast _____ all thoughts of revenge. ③The director cast a well­known actress ___ Marie Curie in the movie. (2)单句表达 ①对我们的到来，男孩表现得很吃惊。 The boy ____________________ our arrival. ②如果你被抛弃在荒岛上，你最想念的是什么？ If you _____________ on a deserted island, what would you miss most? down aside as cast a surprised look at were cast away 重点合作探究 15 This is where I think many film adaptations fall down．我认为这就是许多电影改编的失败之处。(教材P53) 剖析 I think为插入语，where many film adaptations fall down是where引导的表语从句，where表示“……的地方”，相当于the place where，在表语从句中作地点状语。 重点合作探究 归纳 拓展 重点合作探究 ①Where I will spend my summer has not been decided yet.(主语从句) 我在哪里过暑假还没有定。 ②This is where Africa's great rivers begin.(表语从句) 非洲的大河都是从这里发源的。 ③If you read the instructions, you'll see where you went wrong.(宾语从句) 你要是看一下说明书就知道你错在哪儿了。 ④The pilot was in a situation where he lost control of the plane.(定语从句) 那位飞行员处于对飞机失控的境地。 ⑤It is well known that the panda lives where there is plenty of bamboo.(状语 从句) 众所周知，熊猫生活在有大量竹子的地方。 重点合作探究 (1)单句语法填空 ①As young men, we should learn to stand up ______ we fall. ②Our economy has increased to the point ______ the system has to be reformed. ③It doesn't matter ______ we go on holiday. ④_______ there is a will, there is a way. (2)单句表达 在北京你会看到古代文化，也会看到现代文化。 Beijing is ________________ ancient and modern cultures. where where where Where where you can see 重点合作探究 16 One may think that it is the book writer who is in the best position to do film adaptations．人们可能会认为，最适合改编电影的人应该是书籍作者本人。(教材P53) 剖析 本句是主从复合句， think后为宾语从句，从句中含有it is ... who ... 的强调结构，该结构对主语the book writer进行强调，to do film adaptations为不定式短语作后置定语。 归纳 拓展 重点合作探究 ①Columbus was the first person to discover America. 哥伦布是第一个发现美洲的人。 ②He is the best man to do the job. 他是担任这项工作的最佳人选。 ③Do you have anything to say? 你有什么要说的吗？ 重点合作探究 (1)单句语法填空 ①He is always the first _______ (come) and the last _______ (leave)． ②Is that the best way _______ (solve) the problem? (2)单句表达 他决不会同意这个计划。 He would be the last ________________． to come to leave to solve to agree to the plan 重点合作探究 课堂效果检测（一） Ⅰ.根据语境及汉语提示和首字母提示完成句子 1．In order to minimize ________ (经济的) losses, the manager demanded that the problems referred to be paid special attention to. 2．The detective who was taking charge of the case didn't _______ (否定) the idea. 3．Paris serves both as the ________ (政治的) center of the nation and as a center of cultural activity. 4．I did not ___________ (承认) that he had done anything wrong. economic dismiss political acknowledge 课堂效果检测(一) 5．If the interviewer expected to work with the _________ (候选人) as part of a team, then he preferred good­looking men. 6．A grand celebration along with the military parade was b________ live at 11 am. 7．The TV station is very popular as it deals with d______ subjects such as music, entertainment and fashion. 8．Today more and more people are joining the “Clean Your Plate” c________ in order to answer the call of saving food. 9．There were no tickets a_______ for Friday's performance. 10．She cannot speak much English so her children had to i_______ for her. candidate roadcast iverse ampaign vailable nterpret 课堂效果检测(一) Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．Now a special TV network gives live ________ (cover) of most races. 2．The House and the Senate have nearly equal powers, but their means of _______ (elect) are quite different. 3．All the students were involved in a heated debate ____________ how to help those people who were suffering from disaster. 4．What they cannot say is _________ (precise) when and where the next earthquake will strike. coverage election on/about/over precisely 课堂效果检测(一) 5．The references I have made to light and existence only touch the surface of a very __________ (complicate) debate. 6．What he said was beyond my ___________ (expect)． 7．It is not because things are difficult ____ we do not dare, but it is because we do not dare that things are difficult. 8．Trading leather shoes is the business ___ which the Greens are devoted. 9．This is the first time ____ I have experienced the extreme cold day. 10．The quality of life is a comprehensive survey to individuals or group's physical functions, and psychological and social _________ (adapt)． complicated expectations that to that adaptation 课堂效果检测(一) Ⅲ.选词填空 1．We can observe AI has already ________________ our lives in many ways. 2．Here are the research findings that ____ new ______ the origin of our universe. 3．Whether pollution is directly linked to the disease is ___________． 4．Plain and simple clothes ________________ school wear. made an impact on cast light on under debate are appropriate for under debate; make an adaptation to; be available for; cast light on; leave out; be appropriate for; an alternative to; make an impact on; be involved in; consult ... about 课堂效果检测(一) 5．Having settled in that remote area, the young man quickly ________________ ___ the weather. 6．Notice how certain words are _______ in informal conversation. 7．I ask you not to ____________ this kind of matter; it's none of your business. 8．Natural gas is another abundant fuel that experts consider ______________ gasoline. 9．If you wish good advice, _______ an old man ______ it. 10．No figures ______________ the number of goods sold. made an adaptation to left out be involved in an alternative to consult about are available for 课堂效果检测(一) 课时语法精讲——it的用法 课时语法精讲 语法体验 单句语法填空 1．___ is a beautiful day here and I am sitting under the big tree at the end of the garden. 2．Your mother tells me that you started smoking some time ago and now you are finding it difficult to give ___ up. 3．___ is never too late to mend. 4．___ is no use talking to them. It it It It 课时语法精讲 5．___ is said that he stole the money. 6．I think ___ difficult to learn English well. 7．We make ___ clear that speaking to the teacher in that way is not polite. 8．I don't like ___ when people talk with the mouth full of food. 9．He was so busy yesterday that it was not until late at night ____ he finished his work. 10．It was at midnight ____ she was woken up by a phone call. it it it that that It 课时语法精讲  语法讲座 一、it用作人称代词和非人称代词 1．用作人称代词 (1)it用来指代前面的名词或前面提到过的事。 My friend offered me a beautiful gift yesterday, and I like it very much. 我朋友昨天送给了我一件漂亮的礼物，我非常喜欢。 (2)指代性别不明的child或baby。 His sister has given birth to a baby recently and it is very beautiful. 他姐姐最近生了个婴儿，很漂亮。 课时语法精讲 (3)指代未出场的、身份不明确的人。 —Who is waiting for you at the bus stop? —I have no idea. It may be my brother. ——谁在车站等着你？ ——不知道，可能是我哥哥。 (4)替代前文中的this, that。 —What's this? —It is a printer. ——这是什么？ ——这是一台打印机。 课时语法精讲 2．用作非人称代词 it用作非人称的主语，不指物，而表示时间、天气、气候、季节、距离等，或指事物的状态。 It is a fine day today, isn't it? 今天是个好天气，对吧？ It is five kilometers to the town from the village. 从村庄到城镇有五公里路。 It's ten o'clock. 十点钟了。 课时语法精讲 匹配下面it的用法 A．指代前面的名词　　B．指代性别不明的child或baby　　C．指代未出场的、身份不明确的人　　D．时间　　E．距离 ①—Who's that at the door? —It is the milkman. ____ ②Qingdao is a beautiful city, isn't it? ____ ③The baby is crying. It might be hungry. ____ ④What a long way it is from Beijing to London! ____ ⑤It was nearly midnight when she came back. ____ C A B E D 课时语法精讲 二、it用作形式主语 it常代替不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或主语从句作形式主语，而将真正的主语移至句子后面。 1．代替不定式短语作形式主语 It is impossible to get there by boat. 坐船不可能到那里。 It's very kind of you to help me. 你能帮助我真是太好了。 课时语法精讲 2．代替动名词短语作形式主语 常用于以下结构中： It's no use/no good/no fun/useless/a waste of time doing sth.做某事没有用/没有好处/没有意思/没有用/浪费时间。 It is no use giving him some advice. ＝It is useless giving him some advice. 给他提建议没用。 课时语法精讲 3．代替主语从句作形式主语 It is necessary that the work should be done well. 把这项工作做好是必须的。 It's a pity that I didn't think of it earlier. 我没有早一点这么想真是遗憾。 课时语法精讲 4．注意以下固定句型 It is said/reported/believed/hoped/well­known/suggested that ... 据说/据报道/人们认为/人人都希望/众所周知/有人建议…… It seems/seemed that ... 似乎…… It (so) happened that ... 碰巧…… It turns/turned out that ... 结果是…… It occurs/occurred to sb that ... 某人突然想起…… It is believed that greenhouse gases are the main cause of global warming. 人们认为温室气体是全球变暖的主因。 课时语法精讲 It so happened that the tickets were sold out. 碰巧票都卖光了。 It turns out that the situation is quite serious. 结果表明情况很严峻。 It occurred to her that she might adopt a homeless child. 她突然想到她可以收养一个无家可归的孩子。 课时语法精讲 单句表达 ①我急需提高我的英语口语，因此对我来说找到一个以英语为母语的人来学习真是太好了。 I badly need to improve my oral English, so ____________________ a native speaker to learn from. ②真的，智能手机在我们日常生活中扮演着重要的角色。 ___________ a smartphone plays an important role in our daily life. it is great for me to find It is true that 课时语法精讲 ③试图用武力解决问题是没用的；和平谈判才是唯一的办法。 _______________ to solve the problem by force; peace talks are the only solution. ④据说台风已造成了大量破坏。 _____________ the typhoon had caused a lot of damage. It is no use trying It was said that 课时语法精讲 三、it用作形式宾语 it常代替不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或宾语从句在句子中作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放在句子后面，it作形式宾语常用于以下几种情况： 1．动词＋it＋形容词/名词＋(for/of sb)＋to do/从句 They considered it important to have the work done on time. 他们认为按时完成这项工作很重要。 We make it a rule that we should visit the old every weekend. 我们规定每个周末都去拜访那些老人们。 课时语法精讲 2．动词＋it＋no good/no use/useless/a waste of time/worth one's while等＋doing ... I'll make it worth your while telling me about his secret. 我会让你觉得把他的秘密告诉我是值得的。 He thought it no use trying to convince them. 他认为企图说服他们没有用。 课时语法精讲 3．动词＋it＋介词(短语)＋that从句 owe it to sb that ... 把……归功于…… take it for granted that ... 想当然……/认为……是理所当然的 He owes it to his doctor's care that he is quite well again. 多亏医生的照料，他身体又好起来了。 He seemed to take it for granted that he should speak as a representative. 他似乎理所当然地认为他应当作为代表发言。 课时语法精讲 4．动词appreciate/hate/love/like/dislike后面接if 或when引导的从句作宾语时，中间需用形式宾语it，构成“appreciate/hate/love/like/dislike＋it＋if/when 从句” He will appreciate it if they invite him. 如果他们邀请他，他将非常感激。 She hates it when he brags that he is the most important. 她讨厌他吹嘘自己最重要。 课时语法精讲 单句表达 ①首先，我认为在国外多交朋友是非常重要的。 First of all, I _____________________________________ abroad. ②苏珊明确向我表明，她想为自己谋得一份新生活。 Susan ____________________ she wished to make a new life for herself. ③如果您能让我提前知道您是否能来，我将不胜感激。 _______________ you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come. think it very important to make more friends made it clear to me that I'd appreciate it if 课时语法精讲 ④我认为和他争论是没有用的。 I ___________________ with him. ⑤我们都想当然地认为米莱能成功。 We all ___________________ Mile can succeed. think it no use arguing take it for granted that 课时语法精讲 四、it引导强调句型 强调句型就是把句中要强调的部分(通常是主语、宾语或状语)放在It is/was和that/who之间，原句中剩余部分放在that/who之后。 1．强调句的陈述句式 “It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他剩余部分。” The 2022 Winter Olympic Games took place in Beijing and Zhangjiakou. ＝It was in Beijing and Zhangjiakou that the 2022 Winter Olympic Games took place. 2022年北京冬季奥运会在北京和张家口举行。 课时语法精讲 名师点津 (1)强调句中的连接词只用that(指人或物)或who(强调主语且指人)，且都不可省略。 (2)强调句可以强调主语、宾语和状语，但不能强调谓语，强调谓语动词要用do/does/did＋动词原形。 He did write to you last week. 上周他确实给你写了信。 课时语法精讲 2．强调句的一般疑问句式 “Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他剩余部分?” Was it because he behaved badly that he was punished by his teacher? 他是因为不守规矩而受到了老师的惩罚吗? 3．强调句的特殊疑问句式 “被强调的疑问词＋is/was it＋that＋其他剩余部分?” What's it that Professor Liu teaches us this year? 刘教授今年到底教我们什么? Why was it that she turned down our help? 什么原因使得她拒绝了我们的帮助? 课时语法精讲 When and where was it that you got to know Mary? 究竟在何时何地你认识的玛丽? Who was it that came up with the bright idea? 究竟是谁提出的好主意? 4．强调句的反意疑问句句式 “It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who ..., isn't/wasn't it?” It was Alice and her boyfriend who took the old man to the hospital, wasn't it? 是爱丽丝和她的男朋友把这位老人送到医院的，是吗? 课时语法精讲 5．强调句的省略形式 句式特征为：在一定的上下文中，强调句型的某个部分可以省略，解题时要特别注意将其复原并加以比较。 —Who is making so much noise in the garden? —It is the children (who are making so much noise in the garden)． ——是谁在花园里弄这么大的噪音？ ——是孩子们。 课时语法精讲 6．强调句型中的主谓一致 强调句还原后，由真正的主语来确定谓语动词的形式。 Personally I think it is the sales manager, rather than the sales girls, that ________ to blame. 强调句还原： Personally I think the sales manager, rather than the sales girls, ________ to blame. 根据rather than主谓一致中的“就远原则”可以判断，谓语动词使用单数；根据平行谓语动词think，可以确定使用一般现在时，故此处应为is。 课时语法精讲 7．强调句的识别方法 如果把强调结构去掉，句子的意思是完整、清楚的，句子结构也是完整的，这个句子就是强调句。如果把强调结构去掉后，意思不通顺，结构也不完整，则句子不构成强调句。 It was because he refused to obey the policeman that he was sent to the police station. 他是因为拒绝服从警察而被送到警察局的。 把强调结构去掉，则变为： He was sent to the police station because he refused to obey the policeman. 因为他拒绝服从警察，所以被送到了警察局。 去掉强调结构后，句子结构和意义仍然完整，说明这是个强调句。 课时语法精讲 (1)单句语法填空 ①It was when we were returning home ____ I realized what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble. ②It's not doing the things we like, but liking the things we have to do ____ makes life happy. ③Was it because Jack came late for school ____ Mr Smith got angry? that that that 课时语法精讲 (2)句型转换 They met each other in that supermarket. ①_________________________ they met each other.(强调原句中的地点状语) ②_________________________ they met each other？(把①变为一般疑问句) ③_______________ they met each other？(提问①句中的地点状语) It was in that supermarket that Was it in that supermarket that Where was it that 课时语法精讲 名师点津 (1)即使被强调部分是句中的时间状语、地点状语、原因状语等，也不能用when, where, because等而要用that。 It was in front of the bank that the old lady was robbed. 老妇人是在银行前面被抢劫的。 (2)易与强调句混淆的几个句型 ①It is＋时间＋when ... “当……的时候，时间是……”。when引导的是时间状语从句，主句中的it指时间，表语由具体的时间充当。试比较： 课时语法精讲 It was ten o'clock when we got home last night. (状语从句) 我们昨晚到家时十点了。 It was at ten o'clock that we got home last night. (强调句) 我们是在昨晚十点到家的。 去掉“It was ... that”后句子仍然完整合理，所以此句是强调句。注意that不能改成when。 课时语法精讲 ②It was/will be ... before ... “过……就……” It was not/will not be ... before ... “不久……就……”主句中的It指时间，表语多是long, not long, three days, two weeks等表示“一段时间”的词或短语。试比较： It was three days before he went to Beijing. (状语从句) 三天后他就去了北京。 It was three days ago that he went to Beijing. (强调句) 他是三天前去的北京。 去掉“It was ... that”后句子仍然完整合理，所以此句是强调句。 课时语法精讲 单句语法填空 ①It is the teacher's praise ____ contributes to my success. ②It is either he or you who ____ (be) in charge of the project and supposed to finish it punctually. ③It will not be long ______ he finishes his job. ④It was 5 o'clock _____ we set off yesterday. that are before when 课时语法精讲 课堂效果检测(二) Ⅰ. 单句语法填空 1．New technologies have made ___ easier to enjoy life than ever before. 2．You may depend on ___ that they will look after your daughter when you are away. 3．From the teacher's patient explanation, I have learnt what a big responsibility ___ is to educate us. 4．—Have you got used to the weather here? —Yes. But I don't enjoy ___ in the summer when it rains on end. 5．I need to buy a new cellphone badly but I can't afford ___． it it it it it 课堂效果检测(二) 6.I know ___ is important to know my own limitations, but what is difficult is to help others to know their own limitations. 7．I would appreciate ___ very much if you could give me some suggestions. 8．___ never occurred to me that you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind. 9．There is no doubt that the earth is becoming warmer and that ___ is human activity that has caused this global warming rather than a random but natural phenomenon. 10．They also agree that it is the burning of more and more fossil fuels _____ has resulted in this increase in carbon dioxide. it it It it that 课堂效果检测(二) Ⅱ.单句表达 1．遵守规则让社会保持秩序、人民生活安定是每个人的责任。 _______________________________ the rules to keep the society in order and people's lives safe. 2．更糟的是，一些司机、骑自行车的人和行人认为遵守交规没有多么重要。 What's worse, some drivers, cyclists and pedestrians do not _________________ traffic rules. It is everyone's responsibility to obey think it vital to obey 课堂效果检测(二) 3．如果你能告诉我更多活动事宜，我将不胜感激。 ___________________ you could tell me more about the activity. 4．只有当他失去他所拥有的东西时他才意识到那很重要。 ______________________________ he realized it was very important.(强调时间状语) 5．我们应该重视学习英语。 ____________________ we should attach to learning English.(强调attach的宾语) I would appreciate it if It was when he lost what he had that It is the importance that 课堂效果检测(二) 课后课时作业(一) 较易题(占比50%)　中档题(占比50%)　拔高题(占比0%) 题号 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ A B 难度 ★ ★★ ★★ ★ 课后课时作业(一) 130 Ⅰ　阅读 A Social media can be a convenient way to extend your network, staying in touch with your grandma, or sharing photos of your new puppy. Nevertheless, social media can be terrible for your health. It's our use of it that's out of control. British anthropologist and evolutionary psychologist Robin Dunbar developed the idea that 150 people is the maximum number of meaningful connections anyone can have. You may have 800 friends on WeChat, but we're not connecting with them in person. Your QQ connections may be vast, but how many of them do you have meaningful interactions with? 课后课时作业(一) 131 If you're using social media to feel more connected, a recent study published in the American Journal of Health Promotion suggests that it's not working, and it can also contribute to unfavorable connections and even depression. Positive interactions on social media don't help people feel happier. Negative interactions, on the other hand, bring more feelings of sadness. The same goes for comparison, which social media encourages. Another study, published by the American Psychological Association, shows comparing yourself to others via social media also has negative effects, leading to symptoms of depression. 课后课时作业(一) 132 Reaching for your cell phone as a mental break is also a bad idea. Research by Rutgers University compared participants in the midst of completing a task who took a break with their cell phones, with paper and pencils, and who took no break at all. Those who used their cell phones during their break solved 22% fewer problems and took 19% longer to complete their tasks than those under the other two conditions. So how should you manage your social media usage? First, know your time and purposes of use. Use the tracking function on your device to find out how much you're using it and what you're using it for. After this, get away from your device unless you have to use it. As tough as it might be, turn off and tune into the world around you. 课后课时作业(一) 133 Then, be in charge of your device, rather than let it be in charge of you. Your phone's rings or vibrations don't mean you must respond to them. Remind yourself that you're in charge, not your device or the people on the other end of it who've just contacted you. Finally, consider using your device as a relationship builder. Use your apps to find your friends and make your dinner reservation so you can catch up face­to­face your favorite restaurant, where you'll keep your phone out of sight. When you're in control of your digital consumption, social media becomes a tool to enrich your life and not a distraction (分心) that makes you feel miserable. 课后课时作业(一) 134 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了社交媒体有助于拓展我们的关系网、与家人保持联系、分享照片等，但一旦失去控制，社交媒体对我们的健康是有害的，同时针对社交媒体的使用提出了建议。 课后课时作业(一) 135 1．The author might agree that ________． A．social media is immediate and interactive B．it is hard to live without digital devices C．friends on QQ are not friends indeed D．improper social media use is harmful 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Nevertheless, social media ... out of control.”可知，一旦我们对社交媒体的使用失去控制，那么对我们的健康是有害的。故选D。 课后课时作业(一) 136 2．American Journal of Health Promotion suggests that using social media ________． A．can't promote your expected connections B．breaks up the meaningful communication C．causes the unnecessary comparison D．can't bring more positive interactions 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“If you're using ... it's not working”可知，该杂志表明，通过社交媒体与更多的人交往并没有多大效果。故选A。 课后课时作业(一) 137 3．From the research by Rutgers University, we might conclude that ________． A．participants without cell phones had quicker and deeper thinking B．using cell phones couldn't give participants mental breaks C．cell phone users couldn't complete their task successfully D．mental breaks reduce efficiency of solving problems 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Reaching for your cell phone as a mental break is also a bad idea.”可知，用手机来让自己在精神上休息一会儿是个坏主意，以及结合下面该大学的研究结果表明，手机无法让参与者获得精神上的休息。故选B。 课后课时作业(一) 138 4．To use social media as a relationship builder, you can ________． A．call your friends to play online games together B．book movie tickets for family time through apps C．look through Weibo when you have a family reunion D．reply messages on WeChat while having dinner with friends 解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Use your apps ... your favorite restaurant”的例子可知，把手机当作人际关系的组建者，用软件找到朋友，预订晚餐，然后面对面交流。由此可推知，B项(用手机软件为家庭时间预订电影票。)符合题意。故选B。 课后课时作业(一) 139 B Two hundred years ago, American students went to American schools. Like you, they studied math, spelling and geography. Unlike you, they also studied Greek and Latin. In fact, students spent more than half their time studying Greek and Latin. The same was true for most students in Europe. Until the seventh century, all educated Europeans knew Latin. It did not matter if they lived in England, Italy, France or Spain. If they were educated, they knew Latin. During the seventh century, educated Europeans began to study Greek as well as Latin. Greek and Latin had been the leading languages of the ancient Greeks and Romans. All educated Europeans were expected to know these languages. 课后课时作业(一) 140 To educated Europeans, the languages of the Greeks and the Romans were important. The ideas of the Greeks and Romans were also important. People knew that many of their own ideas had come from the Greeks and the Romans. To understand their own culture, they must understand its origin. They knew that those beginnings lay in the classical world. Today we have so many things to study that few people have time to learn Greek and Latin. Few of you will study either language in school. Yet the ideas of the Greeks and the Romans are still important to us. These ideas still help to shape western culture today. To understand our own culture, we must understand the culture of the classical world. 课后课时作业(一) 141 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在200年前美国和欧洲的学生都会学习古希腊人和罗马人的主要语言——希腊语和拉丁语。作者认为现在也应该学习这两种语言，要了解西方文化，就必须了解古典世界的文化。 课后课时作业(一) 142 5．Two hundred years ago, in American schools ________． A．there were many educated Greeks B．Greek and Latin were very popular C．students paid little attention to math D．students knew little about geography 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“In fact ... Greek and Latin.”可知，两百年前的美国学生花一半以上的时间学习希腊语和拉丁语，说明当时希腊语和拉丁语很普及。故选B。 课后课时作业(一) 143 6．According to the text, Europeans thought ________． A．the origin of their culture was unknown B．the ideas of the Greeks were unacceptable C．Greek was much more important than Latin D．the Romans had a great influence on their culture 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“People knew that ... understand its origin.”可知，当时欧洲人认为他们自己的很多观点来自古希腊人和罗马人，要了解自己的文化，他们必须了解文化的起源。由此可推知，欧洲人认为罗马人对他们的文化有着极大的影响。故选D。 课后课时作业(一) 144 7．Where does the author of the text probably come from? A．Japan. B．Greece. C．America. D．China. 解析：推理判断题。根据前两段可知，美国和欧洲的文化属于西方文化，根据最后一段中的“Yet the ideas ... the classical world.”可知，作者认为现在希腊人和罗马人的观点仍然很重要，这些观点有助于塑造现在的西方文化。由此可推知，作者很可能来自美国。故选C。 课后课时作业(一) 145 8．In the last paragraph, the author suggests that ________． A．it's of great value to learn Greek and Latin B．it's quite difficult to learn Greek and Latin C．the culture of the classical world is useless nowadays D．Western culture is quite different from Greek and Roman cultures 解析：推理判断题。根据第五段最后三句可知，作者认为希腊人和罗马人的思想影响着今天的西方文化。要了解他们自己的文化，就必须了解古典世界的文化。由此可推知，作者表明学习希腊语和拉丁语有很大价值。故选A。 课后课时作业(一) 146 Ⅱ　七选五 In the past few years, online learning has become a significant part of the university and college experience. __1__ But are all online courses created equal? How can you be sure that digital learning is right for you? __2__ We interviewed students and professors to get their advice about online courses. The most obvious advantage of online learning is that you can study anywhere and anytime. __3__ “I think a point that many people lose sight of is how easy it can be to fall behind schedule，” says graduate student Amanda Bindman. Before choosing to study online, consider whether you're a self­motivated learner and if the material seems interesting enough to keep you going. 课后课时作业(一) 147 The tip that comes up most often is simple: build online courses into your weekly schedule, just like what you would do with in person courses. __4__ He noted that his online students usually end up with lower grades. It is so easy to let an online course slide, but your grades will suffer as a result. Be sure to schedule set times to watch your lectures, read materials and contribute to online discussion boards. __5__ A social connection is often a big part of learning. There are things you can do to ease this problem. Jessica Pink, an undergraduate student, suggests taking online courses with a friend, so you can motivate each other to stay on track. You can also find students on the class discussion board to organize a study group, or schedule in­person meetings with your professor to discuss course concepts. 课后课时作业(一) 148 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在线学习的利弊及注意事项。 A．But that doesn't mean there aren't deadlines. B．Your motivation should be your main concern. C．Do you know that online courses are also part of your education? D．Professor Alex Davidson teaches the same course in person and online. E．The chief complaint about online courses is that they lack human interaction. F．If you take an online course, what can you do to ensure the best possible grade? G．A survey found that 29 percent of college students registered for online courses. 课后课时作业(一) 149 1．答案：G 解析：根据上文“In the past few years ... and college experience.(在过去的几年里，在线学习已经成为大学生活的重要组成部分。)”可知，在线学习对大学生活很重要。G项(一项调查发现，29%的大学生注册了在线课程。)承接上文，符合语境。故选G。 课后课时作业(一) 150 2．答案：F 解析：根据上文“But are all online courses ... right for you？(但是所有的在线课程都是平等的吗？你如何确定数字化学习适合你？)”可知，上文对在线课程提出疑问。F项(如果你参加了在线课程，你能做些什么来确保尽可能好的成绩？)与上文并列，继续对在线课程提出疑问。故选F。 课后课时作业(一) 151 3．答案：A 解析：根据上文“The most obvious advantage of online learning is that you can study anywhere and anytime.”可知，在线学习的优势是可以让你随时随地学习。下文“how easy it can be to fall behind schedule”提到在线学习很容易落后进度。A项(但这并不意味着没有最后期限。)承上启下。故选A。 课后课时作业(一) 152 4．答案：D 解析：根据下文“He noted that his online students usually end up with lower grades. (他指出，他的在线学生最终的成绩通常较低。)”可知，D项(Alex Davidson (亚历克斯·戴维森)教授在线下和线上教同样的课程。)引出下文，且下文中的He指代D项中的Alex Davidson。故选D。 课后课时作业(一) 153 5．答案：E 解析：根据下文“A social connection is often a big part of learning.”可知，社会关系通常是学习的重要组成部分。E项(对在线课程的主要抱怨是它们缺乏人与人之间的互动。)引出下文，且E项中的human interaction与下文中的social connection相呼应。故选E。 课后课时作业(一) 154 Ⅲ　语法填空 Be cautious of Friday the 13th! Many people think the day is unlucky. __1__ (fortune), there's only one Friday the 13th this year. As the legend goes, you should try not __2__ (break) any mirrors, walk under a ladder, or even spill any salt. Why? Researchers say __3__ is tough to find out how the tradition came into being. Many believe it has __4__ (religion) origins. In the Christian faith, there were 13 guests at table for the Last Supper, which was held the day before the Friday __5__ Jesus died. Now, Friday the 13th has become a cultural wonder. Many Americans avoid the number 13 all together, __6__ (include) hotel rooms and airplane seat assignments. It even costs couples less to get 课后课时作业(一) 155 married on the day. There are many other __7__ (explain) behind the luckless day. Simon Bronner, a professor of American studies at Pennsylvania State University, __8__ (believe) Friday the 13th is a way for people to pin their bad luck to a certain cause: The fact should be __9__ there's nothing special about the number itself. After all, the number 13 __10__ (consider) to be lucky in some countries, like Italy. 1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________ 5．________　 6.________　7.________　8.________ 9．________　10.________ 课后课时作业(一) 156 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。在美国，人们觉得十三号星期五是很不幸运的一天。他们在很多场合都避免数字13。但是宾夕法尼亚大学的教授Simon Bronner (西蒙·布朗纳)认为只是人们把坏运气归因于十三号星期五，数字13本身并没有特殊的含义。 课后课时作业(一) 157 1．答案：Fortunately 解析：考查词性转换。设空处作状语，修饰整个句子，应用副词；位于句首，单词首字母应大写。故填Fortunately。 2．答案：to break 解析：考查非谓语动词。try not to do sth “尽力不做某事”。故填to break。 课后课时作业(一) 158 3．答案：it 解析：考查代词。say后面是宾语从句，不定式短语to find out how the tradition came into being是真正的主语。为了保持句子平衡，应用it作形式主语，而把不定式短语放到后面。故填it。 4．答案：religious 解析：考查词性转换。名词origins前应用形容词来修饰。故填religious。 课后课时作业(一) 159 5．答案：when 解析：考查定语从句的引导词。the Friday为定语从句的先行词，引导词在从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词when引导。故填when。 6．答案：including 解析：考查词性转换。句意：很多美国人都避免使用数字13，包括酒店房间号和飞机座位分配。设空后为名词短语，且根据句意可知，设空处意为“包括”，应用介词including。故填including。 课后课时作业(一) 160 7．答案：explanations 解析：考查词性转换。根据前面的are和many可知，此处应用可数名词的复数。故填explanations。 8．答案：believes 解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。文章主要时态是一般现在时，主语是Simon Bronner。故填believes。 课后课时作业(一) 161 9．答案：that 解析：考查表语从句的连接词。本句中should be后面是表语从句，从句内容完整，只缺连接词。故填that。 10．答案：is considered 解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。the number 13和consider是被动关系，全文用一般现在时，the number 13作主语，be动词用is。故填is considered。 课后课时作业(一) 162 课后课时作业(二) 较易题(占比50%)　中档题(占比50%)　拔高题(占比0%) 题号 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ A B 难度 ★★ ★ ★★ ★ 课后课时作业(二) 164 Ⅰ　完形填空 Earlier this year the phone companies stopped supporting the software for my old 3G phone. So like the rest of the modern world, I was __1__ to buy a new smartphone. I didn't use it much at first, only to get a __2__ from my daughter or to play a game or two. Soon, however, I found it far __3__ to surf the web or check out e－mails on the smartphone than my computer. Even with my limited time, I __4__ found myself spending more and more of it on this phone. It happened almost without me __5__ it. 课后课时作业(二) 165 Yesterday I was on it, __6__ the sea of stories, posts, news, and videos. Then suddenly a long, white, __7__ nose pushed its way between me and my __8__. I started to push it away but that only got me a lick (舔) from my chin to my glasses. __9__， I put the phone down, took my glasses off and __10__ my dog. Soon we were hugging, running around, and playing down the hallways of my home. And I __11__ something too. There was a feeling in my heart: a __12__ mixture of love, laughter, and joy. It was a(n) __13__ that I hadn't gotten once during all that time I had spent on my phone. Technology is here to stay. But we shouldn't let it __14__ us. We should use it only when it __15__ us to do the important things like loving each other, being closer to our family, or making this world a better place. 课后课时作业(二) 166 篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了自己买了新的智能手机后，发现自己不知不觉上瘾了。狗的介入提醒了作者，使作者意识到：不应该让科技控制我们，而应该让科技帮助我们使生活变得更美好。 课后课时作业(二) 167 1．A.annoyed B．removed C．forced D．surprised 解析：annoy 使恼怒；remove 移开，拿开；force 强迫；surprise 使惊讶。根据上文“the phone companies stopped supporting the software for my old 3G phone”可知，作者被迫买了一部新的智能手机。故选C。 2．A．call B．punishment C．score D．label 解析：根据上文“a new smartphone”可知，作者用手机和女儿通话。故选A。 课后课时作业(二) 168 3．A.tougher B．easier C．dearer D．clearer 解析：根据下文“spending more and more of it on this phone”可知，作者用智能手机的时间越来越多，是因为用智能手机上网或查电子邮件比用电脑容易得多。故选B。 4．A.hardly B．occasionally C．sincerely D．quickly 解析：根据下文“found myself spending more and more of it on this phone”可知，作者很快就发现自己使用手机越来越多。故选D。 课后课时作业(二) 169 5．A.admitting B．removing C．realizing D．valuing 解析：句意：这件事发生的时候我几乎没有意识到。 admit 承认；remove 移开，拿开；realize 意识到；value 重视。故选C。 6．A．looking through B．giving away C．dropping out D．making up 解析： look through 浏览；give away 泄露；drop out 退出，退学；make up 组成；化妆。根据下文“the sea of stories, posts, news, and videos”可知，作者用手机浏览各种内容。故选A。 课后课时作业(二) 170 7．A.bleeding B．injured C．running D．curious 解析：根据下文“I put the phone ... __10__ my dog”可知，此处指作者的狗好奇地凑过来。故选D。 8．A.computer B．smartphone C．seat D．room 解析：此处指狗把它的鼻子挤到作者和智能手机之间。故选B。 课后课时作业(二) 171 9．A.Shouting B．Sweeping C．Swinging D．Laughing 解析：句意：我笑着放下手机，摘下眼镜，摸了摸我的狗。故选D。 10．A．touched B．drove C．complained D．cleaned 解析：此处指作者停下看手机，摸了摸自己的狗。故选A。 课后课时作业(二) 172 11．A.forgot B．regretted C．noticed D．appreciated 解析： forget 忘记；regret 后悔，遗憾；notice 注意到，察觉到； appreciate 欣赏。根据下文“There was a feeling in my heart”可知，作者察觉到一些事情。故选C。 12．A.meaningless B．wonderful C．unfortunate D．complex 解析： meaningless 无意义的；wonderful 精彩的，美妙的；unfortunate 不幸的；complex 复杂的。根据下文“love, laughter, and joy”可知，作者的感觉是美妙的。故选B。 课后课时作业(二) 173 13．A.intention B．topic C．style D．feeling 解析：句意：这是一种我在玩手机的时间里从未有过的感觉。intention 意图；topic 主题；style 样式；feeling 感觉。故选D。 14．A．control B．benefit C．reach D．leave 解析： control 控制；benefit 使受益；reach 到达；leave 离开。根据下文“We should use ... a better place.”可知，此处指我们不应该让科技控制我们。故 选A。 课后课时作业(二) 174 15．A.prevents B．hates C．helps D．trains 解析：此处指让科技帮助我们做一些重要的事情。故选C。 课后课时作业(二) 175 Ⅱ　阅读 A A short while ago, I lost access to my WeChat account. I am not sure why it wouldn't let me log in ; perhaps it was my ancient, out­of­date phone. But I wasn't too upset because it offered me an opportunity to take a break from social media—something more and more people are doing. 课后课时作业(二) 176 In the United States, Twitter is losing millions of users each month and Facebook has seen a 44 percent decline among its younger users. Some of these users may have deserted Twitter and Facebook for other social media platforms, while many others have quit because they felt that social media was having a negative effect on their happiness and overall quality of life. Stars such as Taylor Swift and Ed Sheeren have taken a break from social media because they were tired of many Internet trolls (网络喷子) leaving negative comments. Ordinary people (like me) are turning away from it because of the feeling that they were spending more time online and enjoying it less. 课后课时作业(二) 177 It is not unusual for people to spend two or three hours a day posing or reading posts, to the point where it becomes an addiction. And it is an addiction. There is a chemical in your brain known as dopamine (多巴胺) which is sometimes called the “reward molecule” and its release gives you a feeling of pleasure. For instance, when you post a photo on WeChat and get a hundred likes, you feel happy. That's dopamine at work. In my case, being off WeChat left me with a feeling of anxiety for a few days. No doubt I missed my dopamine. And I got e­mails from friends wondering if I was fine or if I was just being anti­social. But I soon began to feel quite peaceful and started to worry less about what other people were doing and concentrate more on my personal life. And it is an added bonus that I'm getting better sleep at night. 课后课时作业(二) 178 I'm not advocating that all of you quit social media, but spending less time on these platforms does bring you advantages. You could start by leaving your phone at home when you go to school (For some, that's already a school rule). And it is also a good idea to charge your phone outside of your bedroom at night, as you are unlikely to get a good night's sleep when the notification (通知) bell keeps ringing. Someday I may reconnect with my WeChat account, but I'm not in a hurry. Life can be more relaxing and just as interesting without it. 篇章导读：本文是一篇议论文。由于某些原因，作者暂时远离了社交媒体，反而感到轻松快乐。从而告诉我们“暂时远离社交媒体是明智的选择”，并就其原因进行了分析。 课后课时作业(二) 179 1．What is the current situation of social media in the United States according to the passage? A．All Americans have their Twitter and Facebook. B．Famous people have deserted Twitter and Facebook for other social media. C．An increasing number of people are losing interest in social media. D．Social media add to people's happiness and life convenience. 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段的内容可知，在美国，Twitter每个月都有数百万用户流失，而Facebook的年轻用户减少了44%。其中一些用户可能已经放弃了Twitter和Facebook，转而使用其他社交媒体平台，而另一些人放弃社交媒体是因为他们觉得社交媒体对他们的幸福感和整体生活质量产生了负面影响。由此可推知，美国社交媒体的现状是越来越多的人对社交媒体失去兴趣。故选C。 课后课时作业(二) 180 2．The fourth paragraph mainly talks about ________． A．how dopamine works when you are posting or reading posts B．the reason behind people's addiction to social media C．why WeChat is so popular among ordinary people D．what you can do if you want to get many likes on WeChat 解析：段落大意题。根据第四段的内容可知，人们每天花两到三个小时来发帖或读帖是很平常的事，甚至到了上瘾的地步。这是因为大脑中有一种叫做多巴胺的化学物质在起作用。由此可知，第四段是对人们沉迷于社交媒体背后的原因进行了分析。故选B。 课后课时作业(二) 181 3．The author's disconnection with WeChat is mentioned at the beginning to ________． A．introduce the disadvantages of social media B．explain why he lost access to his WeChat account C．illustrate the function of dopamine D．prove how WeChat makes life easier 课后课时作业(二) 182 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“because they felt ... overall quality of life (因为他们觉得社交媒体对他们的幸福感和整体生活质量产生了负面影响)”和第三段中的“because of the feeling ... enjoying it less (因为他们觉得自己花在网上的时间更多了，而从中得到的乐趣却更少了)”及第四段中的“It is not unusual ... becomes an addiction. (人们每天花两到三个小时来发帖或读帖是很平常的事，甚至到了上瘾的地步。)”可推知，作者在文章开头提到了自己与微信的脱节，是为了介绍社交媒体的缺点。故选A。 课后课时作业(二) 183 4．What is the author's attitude towards social media? A．To turn away from them as soon as possible. B．To choose a social media platform that suits you. C．To keep away from them temporarily is a wise choice. D．To quit them will make your life more relaxing and interesting. 解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“I'm not ... bring you advantages. (我并不是主张大家都放弃社交媒体，但是少花点时间在这些平台上确实会给你带来好处。)”可推知，作者认为“暂时远离它们是明智的选择”。故选C。 课后课时作业(二) 184 B Picture this: You've just settled into your workday and pulled up that big report you need to finish, when a friend sends you some celebrity videos. You figure you'll just take a few minutes—and then the next thing you know, an hour has gone by. You've been trapped into the rabbit hole. Studies have shown that 77% of employees use social media while many of them for up to several hours a day. To better understand why people fall into rabbit holes and how they can get out, we conducted a series of studies with 6，445 US­based students and working adults. We identified two factors influencing media consumption: similarity of content and viewing manner. 课后课时作业(二) 185 First, we examined the impact of labelling videos as similar on media consumption. Participants watched two videos; half saw them labeled as “educational”， while the other half did not. Framing the videos as similar increased the likelihood of watching another related video by 21%. Moreover, we investigated the effect of uninterrupted versus interrupted video consumption. One group completed two work tasks then watched two videos, while another alternated between tasks and videos. The uninterrupted viewers were 22% more likely to watch another video than those who alternated. 课后课时作业(二) 186 Clearly, small details in the order and types of content we consume significantly influence our decision to continue with similar content. But what drives this effect? Prior research suggests that the two factors both increase the accessibility of similar media, which refers to how familiar the content feels. When something feels more accessible, it's easier to process, leading us to anticipate that we will enjoy it more. This also explains why apps like TikTok or Instagram are so distracting at work and keep viewers engaged with easily consumable content, often suggesting and automatically playing similar videos. 课后课时作业(二) 187 There's nothing wrong with watching a cat video or scrolling through a few memes. The problem arises when we get distracted from tasks we actually want to complete. The good news is, understanding what makes media consumption so addictive gives us the tools to escape it. If you find yourself stuck in a rabbit hole, reducing the similarity and repetitiveness of what you watch can help you get back on track. 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章探讨社交媒体用户无节制浏览内容的心理机制，并提出应对策略。 课后课时作业(二) 188 5．What does the underlined phrase “rabbit hole” in Paragraph 1 mean? A．A situation causing distraction. B．An activity resulting in lost focus. C．A task avoiding important attention. D．A problem leading to confusion. 解析：词义猜测题。根据画线部分上文“Picture this ... an hour has gone by.(想象一下这样的场景：你刚刚完成了一天的工作，拿出了一份需要完成的重要报告，这时一个朋友给你发了一些名人的视频，你以为你只需要花几分钟，然后你知道的下一件事，一个小时过去了。)”可知，本来需要完成工作，结果看了一个小时的视频，说明导致了分心。故画线部分意为“引发注意力分散的情境”。故选A。 课后课时作业(二) 189 6．Studies found that media consumption would increase if ________． A．the content is educational B．participants are interrupted C．the viewing is personalized D．media are labeled as similar 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Framing the videos as similar increased the likelihood of watching another related video by 21%. (将视频标记成相似的，用户观看关联视频的概率提高了21%。)”可知，给视频贴上相似标签会增加观看量。故选D。 课后课时作业(二) 190 7．Why do people keep consuming similar content? A．People enjoy discovering related videos. B．People try to avoid potential distractions. C．Familiar content requires less mental effort. D．Familiar content is automatically available. 解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“When something feels more accessible, it's easier to process, leading us to anticipate that we will enjoy it more. (当内容更容易理解时，它就更容易处理，导致我们预期自己会更喜欢它。)”可知，人们倾向于消费熟悉的内容，因为这更容易理解。故选C。 课后课时作业(二) 191 8．What might the author suggest readers do? A．Limit screen time during work hours. B．Break up viewing with different tasks. C．Watch related content to maintain focus. D．Combine tasks with media consumption. 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“If you find yourself stuck in ... get back on track.(如果你发现自己陷入了一个兔子洞，减少你看的内容的相似性和重复性可以帮助你回到正轨。)”可知，作者建议通过不同任务打破观看模式。故 选B。 课后课时作业(二) 192 Ⅲ　语法填空 I used to be so addicted to computer games that I had little time for study and thus fell behind and my __1__ (fit) began to fail. My parents and teachers were greatly worried about me. It was __2__ my English teacher said to me that helped me __3__. She told me that I must have my own goal of life, or __4__ (I) future would be hopeless and that playing computer games was fun but it would not guarantee me __5__ bright future. I finally realized that I must set up a goal and work hard towards it right away. In the days that __6__ (follow), whenever I felt tired or had an urge __7__ (play) computer games, I thought of my goal and soon regained strength. 课后课时作业(二) 193 Now I turn out to be a vital and diligent student and I never miss a class. Apart from this, I am __8__ (enthusiasm) about helping the other students. After having got rid of the bad habits, I have a whole new world view. While __9__ (return) to school every morning, I make up my mind to spare no effort to achieve my set goal and __10__ (bright) the day of others. 1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________　5．________　 6.________　7.________　8.________　9．________　10.________ 篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在老师的帮助下戒掉网瘾的故事。 课后课时作业(二) 194 解析：考查词性转换。句意：我以前沉迷于电脑游戏，以至于几乎没有时间学习，因此落后了，我的健康也开始衰退。设空处需用名词作主语，fit的名词为fitness，且为不可数名词。故填fitness。 1．答案：fitness 解析：考查主语从句的连接词。句意：是我的英语老师对我说的话帮助我摆脱了困境。设空处引导主语从句，在从句中作动词said的宾语，应用what来表示说的具体内容。故填what。 2．答案：what 课后课时作业(二) 195 解析：考查固定搭配。根据语境可知，此处是用固定短语help sb out来表示“帮助某人摆脱困境”。故填out。 3．答案：out 解析：考查代词。句意：她告诉我，我必须有自己的人生目标，否则我的未来将是无望的；玩电脑游戏是有趣的，但不能保证我有一个光明的未来。设空后为名词future，用形容词性物主代词修饰。故填my。 4．答案：my 课后课时作业(二) 196 解析：考查冠词。设空处用不定冠词泛指“一个美好的未来”；且bright是发音以辅音音素开头的单词。故填a。 5．答案：a 解析：考查动词的时态。句意：在接下来的日子里，每当我感到疲倦或想玩电脑游戏时，我就会想到我的目标，很快就恢复了力量。根据设空后的“felt tired”可知，这里表示过去发生的事情，谓语动词需用一般过去时。故填followed。 6．答案：followed 课后课时作业(二) 197 解析：考查非谓语动词。have an urge to do sth表示“很想做某事”，是固定搭配。故填to play。 7．答案：to play 解析：考查词性转换。句意：除此之外，我热衷于帮助其他同学。设空处需用形容词作表语，be enthusiastic about意为“对……热心”。故填enthusiastic。 8．答案：enthusiastic 课后课时作业(二) 198 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：每天早上回到学校的时候，我都下定决心，要不遗余力地去实现自己的目标，让别人的一天充满阳光。动词return与主语I之间是主动关系，设空处应用现在分词作状语。故填returning。 9．答案：returning 解析：考查词性转换。设空处与spare并列，所以设空处应用动词原形。故填brighten。 10．答案：brighten 课后课时作业(二) 199 R $$