UNIT 5 Section Ⅱ Lesson 2 & Lesson 3-【金版教程】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第二册创新导学案课件PPT（北师大版2019）

WELCOME UNIT UNIT 5　 EDUCATION Section Ⅱ　Lesson 2 & Lesson 3 课前预习自检 重点合作探究 目录 CONTENTS 1 2 课堂效果检测 3 课后课时作业(三) 4 课后课时作业(四) 5 课前预习自检 UNDERSTANDING 理解 It seems obvious now how we acquire knowledge and understanding. 现在看来，我们如何获得知识和理解是显而易见的。 To start with, we need questions. 首先，我们需要问题。 Then, to find answers, we observe the world around us and study the facts. 然后，为了找到答案，我们观察我们周围的世界，研究事实。 课前预习自检 After that, we consider possible answers and test each to find the right ones. 在那之后，我们思考可能的答案并测试每个答案去找到正确的答案。 •Although today we are more used to typing a few key words into a search engine and waiting for the Internet to give us an answer, modern scientists and thinkers are still solving the world's problems with this type of analysis—luckily for us. 尽管今天我们更习惯于在搜索引擎中输入几个关键词，然后等待互联网给我们答案，但现代科学家和思想家们仍然在用这种分析方法解决世界上的问题——对我们来说这是幸运的。 课前预习自检 词句自测 ①________ adj. 显然的，明显的；易理解的 ②________ n. 分析 ③“让步状语从句(Although today ... an answer)＋主句(modern scientists ... for us)”。让步状语从句中含有“be used to doing”结构，意为“_____________”；主句的结构为“主(modern scientists and thinkers)谓(are still solving)宾(the world's problems)”；with this type of analysis—luckily for us作______。 obvious analysis 习惯做某事 状语 课前预习自检 However, in the 17th century when Francis Bacon (1561－1626) suggested that this type of thinking was the way to gain knowledge, he was going against the views of the day. 然而，在17世纪，当弗朗西斯·培根(1561～1626)表明这种思维方式是获得知识的方式时，他却与当时的观点背道而驰。 课前预习自检 Although Bacon held an important rank in King James' royal court of England, his true interest was not the day­to­day, slow and inefficient working style of the government, but the worthy search for knowledge. 虽然培根在英国国王詹姆斯的皇家宫廷中身居要职，但他真正感兴趣的不是政府那种日复一日、缓慢而低效的工作方式，而是对知识的有价值的探索。 This was certainly not the interest of most people in his days. 在他那个时代，这肯定不是大多数人的兴趣所在。 课前预习自检 词句自测 ④_____ n. 等级 ⑤_____ adj. 皇家的；王室的 ⑥__________ adj. 效率低的 ⑦________ adj. 有价值的；值得尊敬的 rank royal inefficient worthy 课前预习自检 At that time, people believed more in the church than in facts, and people like Galileo Galilei (1564－1642), who proved the idea that “the Earth is not the centre of the universe”， were often punished by the church with no one coming to their defence. 当时，人们相信教会多于相信事实，像伽利略·伽利莱(1564～1642)这样的人证明了“地球不是宇宙中心”这一观点，经常受到教会的惩罚，没有人为他们辩护。 •The church and many people tended to ignore the facts and didn't want to challenge what they had always comfortably believed. 教会和许多人往往忽视事实，不想挑战他们一直相信的东西。 课前预习自检 In fact, when Galilei proved that the Earth was not the centre of the universe, instead of believing him, people chose to believe views that were almost 2，000 years old! 事实上，当伽利略证明地球不是宇宙的中心时，人们非但不相信他，反而相信那些近2，000年前的观点！ 课前预习自检 词句自测 ⑧_______ n. 教会；教堂 ⑨________ n. 宇宙 ⑩tended to ignore ... 和didn't want to challenge ... 是并列关系；what they ... believed是______从句，what在从句中作believed的______。 church universe 宾语 宾语 课前预习自检 It is not surprising that people wanted to believe these primitive ideas as they had been put forward by the great philosopher Aristotle (384－322 BCE)． 人们愿意相信这些古老的观点并不奇怪，因为这些观点是伟大的哲学家亚里士多德(公元前384～322)提出来的。 He said that the Earth must be the centre of the universe because it felt like the Earth was standing still. 他说地球一定是宇宙的中心，因为感觉地球是静止的。 课前预习自检 Galilei disagreed. 伽利略不同意。 At first, people approved of his studies and urged him to continue, but later when he proved Aristotle wrong, they grew angry and put him in prison. 起初，人们认可他的研究成果，催促他继续研究，但是后来当他证实亚里士多德有错时，人们生气了，并把他送进了监狱。 They didn't want to abandon what they'd always thought as true. 他们不想放弃他们一直认为是正确的东西。 课前预习自检 词句自测 ⑪________ adj. 原始的 ⑫_______________________ 公元前 ⑬_______ vt. 赞成；赞许；批准 ⑭_____ vt. 强烈要求；敦促 ⑮______ n. 监狱 ⑯_________ vt. 放弃；抛弃 primitive BCE (before Common Era) approve urge prison abandon 课前预习自检 And this is still often true today. 时至今日，情况依然如此。 •People make the assumption that if someone important and respected says that something is right, then it must be so. 人们认为，如果某个重要且受人尊敬的人说某件事是正确的，那么它就一定是正确的。 But even though Aristotle was a great man who inspired many great scientists and philosophers after him, he was wrong at times. 但是，尽管亚里士多德是一位伟人，他激励了后来许多伟大的科学家和哲学家，但他有时也会犯错。 课前预习自检 And Galilei also made mistakes. 伽利略也犯过错误。 He is now known as the father of astronomy but he believed that the Earth moved round the sun in a perfect circle. 他现在被称为天文学之父，但他相信地球是以完美的圆周方式绕着太阳转。 He was wrong. 他错了。 课前预习自检 词句自测 ⑰___________ n. 假定，假设 ⑱_________ adj. 受尊敬的，受敬重的 ⑲“主(People)谓(make)宾(the assumption)”。that if ... must be so是________从句，解释说明assumption的内容；其中that something is right是says的______句。 assumption respected 同位语 宾语 课前预习自检 Therefore, our understanding of the world around us is constantly growing and changing. 因此，我们对周围世界的理解是不断增长和变化的。 In other words, we learn more every day and none of us can ever sit back and say, “We know it all.” 换句话说，我们每天都在学习更多(的知识)，没有人能坐下来说：“我们什么都知道。” 课前预习自检 We need to thank the great men of the past for their wisdom. 我们需要感谢过去的伟人们的智慧。 •They understood that we don't know everything and probably never will, as this would mean a world with questions. 他们明白，我们不可能知道一切，而且可能永远不会知道，因为世界总是充满问题的。 课前预习自检 词句自测 20 ________ n. 智慧 21 “主句(They understood ... never will)＋_________从句(as this ... with questions)”。主句中that引导_____从句，will后省略了重复的部分_____________；从句中with questions是介词短语作后置定语，修饰_______。 wisdom 原因状语 宾语 know everything world 课前预习自检 We owe so much of our knowledge and understanding of the world to people like Bacon and Galilei, who were brave enough to step out from the shadows of conventional thought in order to find the kingdom of knowledge that today's civilisation is built upon. 我们的知识和对世界的理解很大程度上要归功于像培根和伽利略这样的人，他们勇敢地从传统思想的阴影中走出去，以便找到今天文明赖以建立的知识王国。 These men knew that knowledge and understanding are things to fight for; more vital to a man, and more beneficial to mankind, some might say, than all the money in the world. 这些人知道知识和理解是需要为之斗争的；有些人可能会说，这比世界上所有的钱都更重要，更有益于人类。 课前预习自检 词句自测 22 _____ vt. 有……是由于；把……归功于 23 ________ n. 阴影 24 ____________ adj. 守旧的；传统的 25 ________ n. 王国 26 __________ n. 文明 27 _____ adj. 极其重要的，必不可少的 28 _________ adj. 有利的，有帮助的 29 _________ n. 人类 owe shadow conventional kingdom civilisation vital beneficial mankind 课前预习自检 重点合作探究 1 gain vt. 获得，赢得，取得；受益(教材P34) 归纳 拓展 重点合作探究 ①The stepfather finally gained the children's respect. 这位继父终于获得了孩子们的尊重。 ②Who stands to gain from this decision? 谁会从这一决定中受益呢？ ③He gained weight after recovery from his illness. 病好后他的体重增加了。 重点合作探究 (1)单句语法填空 I have gained a lot ______ my former experiences. (2)单句表达 除非你全身心投入到工作中去，否则你不会获得成功。 You will never ____________ unless you are fully devoted to your work. from gain success 重点合作探究 2 contribute vi.& vt. 奉献，捐献(教材P113) 归纳 拓展 重点合作探究 ①Finally, some good English study websites contribute a lot to my improvement in English. 最后，一些好的英语学习网站也对我的英语提高起了很大作用。 ②We contributed ￡5，000 to the earthquake fund. 我们向地震基金会捐赠了5，000 英镑。 ③Participating in the contest will be a golden chance for me to show my dancing skills and make some contributions to the class. 参加比赛对我来说是一次难得的展示我的舞蹈才能并对班级作出贡献的好机会。 重点合作探究 名师点津 (1)contribute to和make a contribution/contributions to中的to都为介词，后面要接名词、代词或动名词。 (2)表示“引起；导致；有助于”的词语还有cause, lead to, result in等。 重点合作探究 (1)单句语法填空 ①I am firmly convinced of the significance of honesty, which will contribute to ________ (build) a warm and harmonious society. ②Failure can make a positive ____________ (contribute) to your life if you learn to use it. building contribution 重点合作探究 (2)一句多译 每个人都应当为保护环境作贡献。 Everyone should _____________________ the environment. ＝Everyone should ____________________________ the environment. contribute to protecting make contributions to protecting 重点合作探究 3 expose vt. 使接触；使体验；使暴露；揭露(教材P113) 归纳 拓展 重点合作探究 ①Don't expose babies to strong sunlight. 不要让婴儿受到强烈阳光的照射。 ②Wounds that/which are exposed to the air heal more quickly. 伤口暴露在空气中愈合得更快。 ③Exposure to lead is known to damage the brains of young children. 已知接触铅会损害幼童的大脑。 重点合作探究 (1)单句语法填空 ①The soil was washed away by the flood, _________ (expose) bare rock. ②The house was left ________ (expose) to the wind and rain. ③_____________ (expose) to sunlight too long will be harmful to your skin. (2)单句表达 老师们应该让学生尽可能多地接触真实的生活环境。 Teachers should ____________________ as many real life situations as possible. exposing exposed Being exposed expose the students to 重点合作探究 4 surrounding adj. 四周的，附近的(教材P113) 归纳 拓展 重点合作探究 ①When Aunt Ruth was at home, I was surrounded by love. 露丝姑姑在家时，对我爱护有加。 ②I like to surround myself with beautiful things. 我喜欢身边总有漂亮的东西。 ③Police are still searching the town and surrounding areas for the child. 警方仍在小镇及周边地区搜寻那个小孩。 ④Happiness comes from within your heart, not from your surroundings. 幸福来自于你的内心世界，而不是你周围的事物。 重点合作探究 (1)单句语法填空 ①The ____________ (surround) villages have been absorbed by the growing city. ②Whatever the reason, you can soon become totally unaware of your __________ (surround)． (2)单句表达 ①在许多人的围绕下，这位发言人发表了鼓舞人心的讲话。 _________________________， this spokesman made an inspiring speech. ②我逐渐意识到，成功的关键在于努力使自己结交有创造性的人。 I came to realize that the key to success lay in trying to ____________________ ______________． surrounding surroundings Surrounded by many people surround myself with creative people 重点合作探究 5 judgement n. 判断力；意见，评价；判决(教材P113) 归纳 拓展 重点合作探究 ①Judging by/from his accent, he is from Canada. 从他的口音上判断，他是加拿大人。 ②In my judgement, we should accept their apology. 依我看，我们应该接受他们的道歉。 ③He refused to make a judgement about the situation. 他拒绝对形势作出评价。 ④The judge passed judgement on the guilty man. 法官对那个罪犯做出了裁决。 重点合作探究 (1)单句语法填空 ①I can't bear people who make __________ (judge) and label me. ②_____ her judgement, he was not very good at his job. (2)单句表达 从她脸上的神情来判断，她一定有很令人兴奋的消息要告诉我们。 ________________________ on her face, she must have news of great excitement to tell us. judgements In Judging from the expression 重点合作探究 6 regardless (of) adv. 不管；不顾(教材P113) 归纳 拓展 重点合作探究 ①Our goal is to make higher education available to everyone who is willing and capable regardless of his financial situation. 我们的目标是为每一个愿意和有能力接受高等教育的人提供可能的机会，不管其经济状况如何。 ②They continued to work regardless of the fact that it was raining. 尽管天在下雨，他们还是继续工作。 重点合作探究 名师点津 regardless of 强调“不认为……重要”，从而不加以重视或考虑，其后不能直接跟从句，但可以接the fact that ... ；其同义词despite/in spite of还有“尽管……但是”之意，其后一般不接从句。 重点合作探究 (1)单句语法填空 ①In addition, the Internet makes surveying and voting easy and convenient, regardless ____ time and space. ②________________ the high mountains and thick forests, the doctors and nurses rushed to the scene of the accident for the rescue. of Despite/In spite of 重点合作探究 (2)单句表达 ①我们的俱乐部对任何人开放，不管年龄、性别或教育背景。 Our club is open to everyone __________________________ age, sex or educational background. ②不管有没有孩子，每个人都会得到相同的金额。 The amount will be paid to everyone _____________ whether they have children or not. regardless of/in spite of/despite regardless of 重点合作探究 7 behave vi. 表现(教材P113) 归纳 拓展 重点合作探究 ①My camera has been behaving well since it was repaired. 我的相机自从维修后一直工作正常。 ②The shop assistants behave very well towards/to customers. 这家商店的营业员对待顾客的态度非常好。 ③Many people behave as if humans are the master of nature, but it is not the truth. 许多人表现得好像人类是大自然的主人，但事实并非如此。 ④What do you think of the host's behaviour at the stage that day? 你怎样评价主持人那天在舞台上的行为？ 重点合作探究 (1)单句语法填空 ①In order to understand the _________ (behave) of the animal, the researcher spent many years recording its daily activities. ②The activity not only aroused students' interest in learning but instructed them to behave ___________ (they)． (2)单句表达 我不知道这个孩子在面临危险时是否表现得体。 I wondered if the child _____________________________． behaviour themselves behaved properly in face of danger 重点合作探究 8 circumstance n. 境况，状况；情况，情形(教材P113) 归纳 拓展 重点合作探究 ①We can't take measures until we've known all the circumstances. 直到摸清了所有的情况，我们才能采取措施。 ②My teacher always reminds me that under no circumstances should I abandon my learning goals once I set them. 我的老师总是提醒我，一旦设定了学习目标，在任何情况下都不应该放弃。 ③Under/In the circumstances, it seemed better not to tell him about the accident. 在这种情况下，不告诉他有关这次事故的情况似乎更好。 ④I know I can trust her in any circumstance. 我知道我在任何情况下都能信任她。 重点合作探究 名师点津 表示“决不”的词组还有：in no case, at no time, by no means, in no way, on no account, on no condition等，这类词位于句首时，句子部分倒装。 重点合作探究 (1)单句语法填空 Under these _____________ (circumstance), you might agree with us that it is rather difficult for your products to set foot in this market. (2)单句表达 ①他不可靠；你无论如何都不该把钱借给他。 He isn't a reliable man; in/under no circumstances ________________ any money. ②在这种情况下，他觉得无法接受这项工作。 ________________________ he felt unable to accept the job. circumstances should you lend him Under/In the circumstances 重点合作探究 9 conclusion n. 结论(教材P113) 归纳 拓展 重点合作探究 ①I drew a conclusion from my own experiences that where there is a will there is a way. 我从我自己的经历中得出结论：有志者，事竟成。 ②In conclusion, walking is a cheap, safe, enjoyable and readily available form of exercise. 总之，散步是一种廉价、安全、有趣且易实施的锻炼方式。 ③He concluded his speech with/by telling a witty joke, which impressed us a lot. 他以一句诙谐的笑话结束了演讲，给我们留下了深刻的印象。 重点合作探究 名师点津 除in conclusion外，写作时还常常用到下面短语作为全文总结语。 ①in short　②in a word　③in brief　④all in all　⑤to sum up　⑥briefly (speaking)　⑦on the whole 重点合作探究 (1)单句语法填空 ①We discussed the problem many times, but still could come to no ___________ (conclude)． ②When the group discussion is nearing its end, make sure to conclude it ______ important points. (2)一句多译 从这些事实中我得出他是努力的这一结论。 I ________________________________ he was hardworking. ＝I _________________________ he was hardworking. conclusion with drew a conclusion from the facts that concluded from the facts that 重点合作探究 10 responsibility n. 责任(教材P113) 归纳 拓展 重点合作探究 ①Each of us must take responsibility for our own actions. 我们每个人都必须对自己的行为负责。 ②During the days when we addressed the hardships together, we took responsibility to get through thick and thin. 在共克时艰的日子里，我们有患难与共的担当。 ③Who do you think should be responsible for the car accident? 你认为谁应该对这起交通事故负责？ 重点合作探究 (1)单句语法填空 ①It's my responsibility _______ (take) good care of my parents and children. ②The school is responsible _____ nurturing the children's mind. ③They have responsibility for _________ (ensure) that the rules are enforced. (2)单句表达 ①如果你为你的社区服务，你将成为一个具有强烈责任感的公民。 If you serve your community, you will grow up to be a good citizen with ___________________________． to take for ensuring a strong sense of responsibility 重点合作探究 ②毫无疑问，我们人类应该为地球不断变暖承担责任。 There is no doubt that we human beings should ___________________ the earth's becoming warmer and warmer. (3)句型转换 Police believe that the same man takes responsibility for three other murders in the area. →Police believe that the same man _________________ three other murders in the area. take responsibility for is responsible for 重点合作探究 11 ... were often punished by the church with no one coming to their defence．……往往会被教会惩罚，也没有人会为他们辩护。(教材P36) 剖析 with no one coming to their defence 是“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，在句中作状语，表示伴随。 归纳 拓展 重点合作探究 ①With the meal over, we all went home. (时间状语) 吃完饭后，我们都回家了。 ②With a lot of difficult problems to settle, the new manager works far into the night every day. (原因状语) 由于有很多难题要解决，新经理每天工作到深夜。 ③He fell asleep with the light burning. (伴随状语) 他开着灯睡着了。 ④The teacher with a smile on his face is my English teacher. (后置定语) 面带微笑的老师是我的英语老师。 重点合作探究 (1)单句语法填空 ①With a lot of homework ________ (finish), I can't go skating with you. ②He lay on the grass with his eyes ________ (look) at the sky. (2)单句表达 ①因为她的注意力都集中在工作上，她不知道外面发生的事情。 ______________________ the work, she didn't know what was happening outside. ②全班同学都盯着他看，他感到更不自然了。 He felt more uneasy _____________________________． to finish looking With her attention fixed on with the whole class staring at him 重点合作探究 12 worthy adj. 有价值的；值得尊敬的(教材P36) 归纳 拓展 重点合作探究 ①The Chinese community is well worth a visit. ＝The Chinese community is well worthy of a visit. 华人社区非常值得参观。 ②This painting was worth at least one dollar. 这幅画至少值1美元。 ③It is worthwhile including/to include really high­quality illustrations. 把真正高质量的插图包括进去是值得的。 重点合作探究 名师点津 (1)表示“很值得做……”，要用be well worth doing ...。 (2)worth一般只作表语；而worthy和worthwhile既可作表语又可作定语。 重点合作探究 (1)选词填空(worthy/worth/worthwhile) This article is well _______ reading, but it is not ________ of being translated. So I feel that all your effort isn’t __________． (2)一句多译 这篇文章值得仔细研读。 The article _____________ careful study. ＝The article ______________________ carefully. ＝The article ____________________ carefully. ＝The article ________________ carefully. ＝It's _________________________ the article carefully. worth worthy worthwhile is worthy of is worthy of being studied is worthy to be studied is worth studying worthwhile studying/to study 重点合作探究 13 It is not surprising that people wanted to believe these primitive ideas as they had been put forward by the great philosopher Aristotle (384－322 BCE). 人们愿意相信伟大哲学家亚里士多德(公元前384～前322)提出的那些陈旧的观点，这一点并不奇怪。(教材P37) 剖析 “It is＋adj.＋that ... ”句型，It是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句。 重点合作探究 归纳拓展 重点合作探究 ①It is strange that nobody knows where he has gone. 很奇怪没有人知道他去了哪里。 ②It is said that he won the first prize. 据说他赢得了一等奖。 ③It happened that we were all out that day. 碰巧那天我们都不在家。 ④It is a pity that you didn't come in time. 很遗憾你没有及时赶到。 重点合作探究 (1)单句语法填空 ①It is important _____ he should know this thing. ②It is ________ (assume) that stress is caused by too much work. ③____ seems more convenient that we purchase online. (2)单句表达 他从无声电影起步似乎是恰当的！ ______________________ he got his start in silent films! that assumed It It seemed appropriate that 重点合作探究 14 approve vt. 赞成；赞许；批准(教材P37) 归纳 拓展 重点合作探究 ①The committee approved the plan at the meeting yesterday. 昨天在会上委员会批准了该项计划。 ②I don't approve of violence in any shape or form. 我不赞成任何形式的暴力行为。 ③I approve of your trying to earn some money, but please don't neglect your studies. 我同意你去挣一些钱，可是不要忽视了功课。 ④The city fathers have just given final approval to a new stadium. 市政府官员们刚才已对新体育场的承建工作做了最终批准。 重点合作探究 名师点津 “同意某人做某事”不可说成approve sb to do sth, 应该用approve of one's doing sth，其中介词of后是动词­ing的复合结构。 重点合作探究 (1)单句语法填空 ①She would never do anything that was not approved ____ by her parents. ②The mother didn't gave her _________ (approve) to her daughter's going out at night. (2)单句表达 她不同意我今年离校。 She doesn't __________________________ this year. of approval approve of my leaving school 重点合作探究 15 urge vt. 强烈要求；敦促(教材P37) 归纳 拓展 重点合作探究 ①I urge him to write a novel about the life we live together in the country. 我力劝他写一部关于我们一起在农村生活的小说。 ②I urged that we (should) take immediate measures to prevent such a thing happening again. 我极力主张我们应该立刻采取措施阻止这样的事情再次发生。 ③The situation is dangerous, and the UN is urging caution on countries concerned. 局势岌岌可危，联合国力主有关国家谨慎行事。 重点合作探究 ④The vacation is coming and I have an urge to travel. 假期快到了，我迫切地想去旅行。 ⑤The victims are in urgent need of medical treatment. 患者急需医疗救治。 重点合作探究 (1)单句语法填空 ①The people in the earthquake­stricken area are in ______ (urge) need of medical support. ②In case of ________ (urge), call the police. ③He urged ________ his pupils the importance of hard work. urgent urgency on/upon 重点合作探究 (2)一句多译 在准备讲座的时候，我建议你们做一些阅读。 In preparation for lectures, I urge you ______ some reading. ＝In preparation for lectures, I urge you __________ some reading. ＝In preparation for lectures, I urge that _____________ some reading. to do into doing you (should) do 重点合作探究 16 abandon vt. 放弃；抛弃(教材P37) 归纳 拓展 重点合作探究 ①They would not have achieved their success if they had abandoned their dreams. 如果他们放弃了他们的梦想，他们就不会取得成功。 ②We shouldn't abandon ourselves to computer games, because it may ruin our life. 我们不应该沉迷于电脑游戏，因为那可能会毁掉我们的生活。 ③The house was abandoned, full of broken glass and rubbish. 房子是被废弃的，到处是碎玻璃和垃圾。 重点合作探究 (1)单句语法填空 ①The child was found __________ (abandon) but unharmed. ②They abandoned ________ (carry) out the plan because of the lack of money. ③He approached life _____ reckless abandon—I don't think he himself knew what he was going to do next. abandoned carrying with 重点合作探究 (2)单句表达 ①这位父亲正尽最大努力阻止他的儿子沉迷于网络。 The father is trying his best to prevent his son from _____________________ the Internet. ②人们非常兴奋，以至于尽情地又跳又叫。 The people were so excited that they jumped and shouted ____________． abandoning himself to with abandon 重点合作探究 17 assumption n. 假定，假设(教材P37) 归纳 拓展 重点合作探究 ①You would be making an assumption that's not based on facts under such circumstances. 在如此形势下你会做出一种不基于事实的假设。 ②On the assumption that everything is prepared, we can finish the task in 3 days. 假设一切准备就绪，我们三天内就能完成任务。 ③It is generally assumed that the house prices will continue to go up. 人们普遍认为房价会继续上涨。 ④Assuming that you are right, what should we do next? 假定你是对的，我们下一步该怎么做？ 重点合作探究 名师点津 在英语中，有些看上去是现在分词或过去分词的词，实际上却常用作介词或连词。与assuming类似的词还有： ①considering prep.& conj.　　 鉴于，考虑到 ②given prep. 鉴于，考虑到 ③including prep. 包括，包含 ④supposing conj. 假设，假如 ⑤provided/providing conj. 假如，如果 ⑥concerning prep. 关于 重点合作探究 (1)单句语法填空 ①The facts proved his ___________ (assume) was wrong. ②What will you do _____ the assumption that you can't beat him in the first round of the match? ③We must assume him ______ (be) innocent until he is proved guilty. assumption on to be 重点合作探究 (2)句型转换 ①If you are interested in it, please send an email to 123456@ sina.com. →_________________________________， please send an email to 123456@ sina.com. (assuming) ②People assume that the economy will continue to improve. →________________________________________________(it作形式主语) Assuming (that) you are interested in it It is assumed that the economy will continue to improve. 重点合作探究 18 owe vt. 有……是由于；把……归功于(教材P37) 归纳 拓展 重点合作探究 ①Thanks for sticking up for me, I owe you a favour. 谢谢你支持我，我欠你一份人情。 ②I must say I owe all the achievements to the encouragement and help from my colleagues and friends. 我必须说我的所有成就都应归功于我同事和朋友们的鼓励和帮助。 ③We owe it to our children that we work harder to support the family. 为了我们的孩子，我们更努力地工作来养家。 ④Owing to circumstances beyond our control, the flight to Rome has been cancelled. 由于出现了我们无法控制的情况，飞往罗马的航班已被取消。 重点合作探究 (1)单句语法填空 ①I owe ___ to the doctor that I am still alive. ②_______ (owe) to his absence, we had to put off the class meeting till next week. (2)单句表达 他把他的成功归功于努力工作和实践。 He ________________ hard work and practice. it Owing owes his success to 重点合作探究 19 vital adj. 极其重要的，必不可少的(教材P37) 归纳 拓展 重点合作探究 ①What he did is of vital importance. 他做的事是至关重要的。 ②As far as we all are concerned, consideration for other people is vital to/for all of us. 对我们所有人而言，体谅别人是极其重要的。 ③It is vital to get medical supplies to the area as soon as possible. 要尽快把药品送往该地区，这至关重要。 重点合作探究 名师点津 在句型“It is vital/important that ...”中，从句谓语动词要用虚拟语气，即“(should＋)动词原形”。 It is vital/important that you (should) be on time. 你必须准时，这是至关重要的。 重点合作探究 (1)单句语法填空 ①It was vital ________ (show) that he was not afraid. ②It is vital that every student ______________ (respect) their teachers. (2)单句表达 ①对于学习来说，兴趣如同理解能力一样重要，甚至更重要。 Interest __________________ as the ability to understand, even more so. ②就我个人而言，做好准确的记录非常重要。 As far as I'm concerned, _____________________________． to show (should) respect is as vital to learning it is vital to keep accurate records 重点合作探究 20 beneficial adj. 有利的，有帮助的(教材P37) 归纳 拓展 重点合作探究 ①This New English­Chinese dictionary will be very beneficial to your English learning. 这本新英汉词典对你的英语学习非常有好处。 ②I have benefited a lot from extensive reading. 广泛的阅读使我受益匪浅。 ③It is said that Yoga is of great benefit to human health. 据说瑜伽对人体健康有极大好处。 ④You need people working for the benefit of the community. 你需要一些为公众利益服务的人。 重点合作探究 (1)单句语法填空 ①Farmers benefit ______ the popularization of scientific knowledge. ②It is well known that sports are _________ (benefit) to building our bodies. (2)单句表达 这个组织是为了帮助中国西部贫困儿童而成立的。 The organization was founded ________________ the poor children in the west part of China. from beneficial for the benefit of 重点合作探究 (3)一句多译 新规定将使每一个相关的人受益。 Everyone concerned will ___________ the new regulation. ＝The new regulation will ________________________． ＝The new regulation will ______________________________． ＝The new regulation will ______________________________． benefit from benefit everyone concerned be beneficial to everyone concerned be of benefit to everyone concerned 重点合作探究 课堂效果检测 Ⅰ.根据语境及汉语提示和首字母提示完成句子 1．In a national park, keeping its natural state is one of the most crucial _________ (目标)． 2．If we teach today's children with yesterday's _____________ (传统的) teaching method, we'll rob them of tomorrow. 3．The doctor urged people who smoke to _________ (放弃) the habit. 4．Though ________ (原始的) and simple in form, this stone carving has very high artistic value. 5．Some ________ (分析) suggests that physical activity in a natural environment can help counter mild depression and also reduce stress. objectives conventional abandon primitive analysis 课堂效果检测 6．It's not a waste of time and energy as long as you g____ experience related to your job. 7．If you are passionate about something, p______ it no matter what anyone else thinks. 8．It was not until my f_______ became better last December that I started the training. 9．As the years passed, the s_______ that the terrible earthquake had cast on his young mind faded away. 10．It is of v____ importance that we do something to protect our precious cultural heritage. ain ursue inance hadow ital 课堂效果检测 Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．It is very important for English teachers to have a knowledge of the theories of language __________ (acquire)． 2．Many schools in the USA did not approve of students ________ (wear) jeans to school and they forbade them. 3．His views are grounded on the __________ (assume) that all people are equal. 4．Then, I am sure, China will be more powerful than it is today, and that will be ____ great benefit to world peace. 5．Although not formally trained as an art historian, he is widely __________ (respect) for his knowledge of the period. acquisition wearing assumption of respected 课堂效果检测 6．Conventional ________ (wise) has it that we should put away some money for rainy days when we have a lot in hand. 7．My calculations were based on the assumption _____ house prices would remain steady. 8．The experts urge that governments ________________ (improve) social services and city planning policies. 9．As far as I am concerned, the view that Mary put forward the other day is worthy _______________ (discuss)． 10．With so many people ________ (look) at him, he felt very nervous. wisdom that (should) improve to be discussed looking 课堂效果检测 Ⅲ.选词填空 to start with; put forward; in other words; go against; approve of; be vital to; regardless of; be beneficial to; in conclusion; give insight into 1．His wife is my daughter; ____________， I am his mother­in­law. 2．You cannot __________ nature. Otherwise, you will be punished sooner or later. 3．These matters _________ the national security. 4．My parents will not __________ my birthday party if I don't do well in my next test. in other words go against are vital to approve of 课堂效果检测 5．What do you think of the plan I ____________ at the meeting? 6．___________， we haven't enough money, and secondly we're too busy. 7．It can _____________ share your feelings with someone you trust. 8．____________ the weather, the press conference will still be held on time. 9．Running a company calls for intelligence, patience and a lot of experience. ____________， it's not an easy thing. 10．The book _______ us some __________ the history of the Second World War. put forward To start with be beneficial to Regardless of In conclusion gives insight into 课堂效果检测 课后课时作业（三） 较易题(占比50%)　中档题(占比50%)　拔高题(占比0%) 题号 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ A B 难度 ★ ★★ ★★ ★ 课后课时作业(三) 110 Ⅰ　阅读 A Too much TV­watching can harm children's ability to learn and even reduce their chances of getting a college degree, new studies suggest in the latest effort to examine the effects of television on children. One of the studies looked at nearly 400 northern California third­graders. Those with TVs in their bedrooms scored about eight points lower on math and language arts tests than children without bedroom TVs. 课后课时作业(三) 111 One of the studies looked at nearly 400 northern California third­graders. Those with TVs in their bedrooms scored about eight points lower on math and language arts tests than children without bedroom TVs. A second study, looking at nearly 1，000 grown­ups in New Zealand, found lower education levels among 26­year­olds who had watched lots of TV during childhood. But the results don't prove that TV is the cause and don't rule out that already poorly motivated youngsters (年轻人) may watch lots of TV. 课后课时作业(三) 112 Their study measured the TV habits of 26­year­olds between ages 5 and 15. Those with college degrees had watched an average of less than two hours of TV per weeknight during childhood, compared with an average of more than 2.5 hours for those who had no education beyond high school. In the California study, children with TVs in their rooms but no computer at home scored the lowest, while those with no bedroom TV but who had home computers scored the highest. While this study does not prove that bedroom TV sets caused the lower scores, it adds to accumulating findings that children shouldn't have TVs in their bedrooms. 课后课时作业(三) 113 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了几个关于电视对孩子的学习成绩影响的研究，告诉我们经常看电视对孩子的学习有很大的负面影响。 课后课时作业(三) 114 1．According to the California study, the low­scoring group might ________． A．have watched a lot of TV B．not be interested in math C．be unable to go to college D．have had computers in their bedrooms 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Those with TVs ... without bedroom TVs.”可知，卧室里面有电视的要比卧室里面没有电视的学生分数低，由此可知，低分数群体可能是看太多的电视的孩子。故选A。 课后课时作业(三) 115 2．What is the researchers‘ understanding of the New Zealand study results? A．Poorly motivated 26­year­olds watch more TV. B．Habits of TV watching reduce learning interest. C．TV watching leads to lower education levels of the 15­year­olds. D．The connection between TV and education levels is difficult to explain. 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“But the results ... lots of TV.”可推知，对于新西兰的研究，调查者认为很难说清楚电视和教育程度的关系。故选D。 课后课时作业(三) 116 3．What can we learn from the last two paragraphs? A．More time should be spent on computers. B．Children should be forbidden from watching TV. C．TV sets shouldn‘t be allowed in children’s bedrooms. D．Further studies on high­achieving students should be done. 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“it adds to accumulating findings that children shouldn't have TVs in their bedrooms”可知，孩子的房间不应该放电视。故选C。 课后课时作业(三) 117 4．What would be the best title for this text? A．Computers or Television B．Effects of Television on Children C．Studies on TV and College Education D．Television and Children's Learning Habits 解析：标题判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了电视对孩子学习的负面影响，因此B项(电视对孩子的影响)最适合作为文章标题。故选B。 课后课时作业(三) 118 B People with less education suffer fewer stressful days, according to a report in the current issue of the Journal of Health and Social Behavior. However, the study also found that when less­educated people did suffer stress it was more severe and had a stronger effect on their health. From this, researchers have concluded that the day­to­day factors that cause stress are regular. Where you are in society determines the kinds of problems that you have each day, and how well you will deal with them. 课后课时作业(三) 119 The research team interviewed a national sample of 1，031 adults daily for eight days about their stress level and health. People without a high school diploma (文凭) reported stress on 30 percent of the study days, people with a high school degree reported stress 38 percent of the time, and people with college degrees reported stress 44 percent of the time. “Less advantaged people are less healthy on a daily basis and are more likely to have downward turns in their health.” leading researcher, Dr Joseph Grzywacz of 课后课时作业(三) 120 Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center, said in a prepared statement. “The downward turns in health were connected with daily stressors (紧张刺激物), and the effect of daily stressors on their health is much more damaging for the less advantaged.” “If something happens every day, maybe it's not seen as a stressor.” Grzywacz says. “Maybe it is just life.” 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了压力与受教育程度之间的关系。 课后课时作业(三) 121 5．Stress level is closely related to ________． A．family size B．work experience C．body weight D．social position 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Where you are ... deal with them.”可知，你在社会中的位置决定了你每天面临的问题，以及你将如何处理它们。由此可知，压力水平与社会地位密切相关。故选D。 课后课时作业(三) 122 6．Which group reported the biggest number of stressful days? A．People without any education. B．People with college degrees. C．People with high school degrees. D．People without high school degrees. 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“People without a ... of the time.”可知，没有高中文凭的人有30%的时间感到压力，有高中学历的人有38%的时间感到压力，有大学学历的人有44%的时间感到压力。由此可知，获得大学学历的人们压力最大。故选B。 课后课时作业(三) 123 7．The less advantaged people are, the greater ________． A．the effect of stress on their health is B．the degree of their health concern is C．the level of their education is D．the effect of education on their health is 解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Less advantaged people ... in their health.”可知，地位较低的人日常健康状况较差，他们的健康状况更有可能出现下降。由此可知，社会地位越低，压力对他们健康的影响就越大。故选A。 课后课时作业(三) 124 Ⅱ　七选五 Effective studying is vital in college, and many new college students quickly find that their former study habits need major adjustments. However, you can develop some excellent study habits in your senior school. __1__ Study with a positive attitude. If you see studying as a chore, you're likely to get frustrated and burnt out. __2__ Instead, look at the positives. Think of this as a way to improve your skills and abilities and get the most out of your education. Studying can be stressful. It's important to address and challenge stressful thoughts. 课后课时作业(三) 125 Form a study group. __3__ Ask them to form a study group. The right study group can really help you stay focused and engaged and gain a better understanding of course materials. But if your study group is made up of friends, studying may turn into socializing fast. So remember to choose the right peers. Pick good students who are genuinely focused on class. Go to your professors with questions. There is nothing to be embarrassed about if you have questions. __4__ If you have questions on a concept or subject, e­mail your 课后课时作业(三) 126 professors or go to office hours. They may be able to offer you tips and tricks to better understand the materials. When e­mailing your professors, state your class day and time in the subject header. Professors often teach more than one class. __5__ Some teachers have review sessions each week or before an exam. Always make a habit of going over if you have time in your schedule. Review sessions can help you gain a better understanding of course materials. 课后课时作业(三) 127 A．Go to review sessions if they are offered. B．A little one­on­one help can go a long way. C．Don't see studying as something you have to do. D．Here are some habits good for your college study. E．Reviewing the most challenging materials makes sense. F．Find peers who are hard workers and do well in the course. G．Everyone gets confused sometimes and needs some extra help. 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何养成优秀的学习习惯。 课后课时作业(三) 128 解析：前文“However, you can develop some excellent study habits in your senior school.”说明了可以培养一些优秀的学习习惯，后文给出了几条建议。D项(这里有一些对你的大学学习有益的习惯。)承前启后。故选D。 1．答案：D 解析：前文“If you see studying as a chore, you're likely to get frustrated and burnt out.(如果你认为学习是一件苦差事，你很可能会感到沮丧和精疲力竭。)”说明了把学习当作苦差事会导致不好的结果，此处应该说明不要这么做。C项(不要把学习看作是你必须做的事情。)承接前文，符合语境。故选C。 2．答案：C 课后课时作业(三) 129 解析：本段主旨句是“Form a study group.(组成一个学习小组。)”，因此本段主要讲的是要有同伴一起学习，F项(找到那些努力学习并且在课程中表现出色的同学。)说明了要找到努力学习的同学，符合语境。故选F。 3．答案：F 解析：前文“There is nothing to be embarrassed about if you have questions.”说明了有问题不是什么尴尬的事情。G项(每个人都有困惑的时候，需要一些额外的帮助。)承接前文，符合语境。故选G。 4．答案：G 课后课时作业(三) 130 解析：设空处是本段主旨，根据后文“Some teachers have review sessions ... a better understanding of course materials.(有些老师每周或考试前都有复习课，如果你的日程表上有时间，一定要养成复习的习惯，复习课可以帮助你更好地理解课程材料。)”可知，本段主要讲的是要养成复习的习惯。A项(如果有复习课程，就去参加。)概括本段主旨。故选A。 5．答案：A 课后课时作业(三) 131 Ⅲ　完形填空 Born in the United States, I, with black hair and yellow skin, am an American. Yes, I am a US citizen. Yet I __1__ early in my childhood that I was very different. It wasn't until __2__ in the early years of primary school that I noticed this difference. Some kids in my class asked me __3__ I could speak Chinese. It seemed strange to me that they would be interested in this part of my __4__. I answered “yes” and expected them to say nothing else about it. To my surprise, they were __5__ to hear me say something in Chinese. When I did so, they said, “Wow, that's cool！” I had always thought of it as just a strange __6__ that came from China. 课后课时作业(三) 132 I __7__ what had happened that day when I got home. I went into the bathroom to wash my hands as I usually did. I looked at myself in the mirror—the same face was __8__ from that morning, but it didn't __9__ the same to me. For the first time, I felt different from the others in my __10__． That day I discovered a part of my life that was __11__—in culture and tradition—from the one I was __12__． 课后课时作业(三) 133 Now I know that we must all remember our __13__， but we must also continue to explore, realizing that __14__ is different, with our own beliefs, opinions, traditions and lifestyles. Recognizing these differences should __15__ respect for one another. 篇章导读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。身为美籍华人的作者在上小学时，某一天给班上的其他孩子讲中文，从而第一次认识到自己和班上的其他人不一样，发现了生活中不同的部分。 课后课时作业(三) 134 1．A.imagined B．discovered C．declared D．proved 解析：句意：然而，我在童年时就发现自己与别人很不一样。imagine 想象；discover 发现；declare 宣称；prove 证明。根据前文可知，作者是生活在美国的美籍华人，黑头发黄皮肤，童年时便发现了自己与其他同学有很大的不同。故选B。 课后课时作业(三) 135 2．A.one moment B．one evening C．one day D．one year 解析：句意：直到上小学的某一天，我才注意到这种差异。one moment 马上；one evening 有一天晚上；one day (过去)某一天；one year 一年。根据后文“in the early years of primary school”可知，此处指作者上小学的某一天。故选C。 3．A.why B．how C．when D．if 解析：句意：我班上的一些孩子问我是否会说中文。此处为宾语从句，从句中不缺少成分，表示“是否”，应用if。故选D。 课后课时作业(三) 136 4．A.life B．story C．secret D．program 解析：句意：我觉得很奇怪，他们会对我生活的这一部分感兴趣。life 生活；story 故事； secret 秘密；program 项目。作者作为中国人能够说中文，这属于他生活中的一部分。倒数第二段中“I discovered a part of my life”也是提示。故选A。 课后课时作业(三) 137 5．A.pleased B．amused C．puzzled D．eager 解析：句意：令我惊讶的是，他们渴望听到我用中文说些什么。pleased 高兴的；amused 有趣的；puzzled 困惑的；eager 渴望的。根据后文“Wow, that's cool！”可知，其他孩子渴望听到作者用中文说话。be eager to do sth “急切地想做某事”。故选D。 课后课时作业(三) 138 6．A.tradition B．comment C．language D．reply 解析：句意：我一直认为它只是一种来自中国的奇怪语言。tradition 传统；comment 评论；language 语言；reply 回答。根据后文“that came from China”可知，作者认为中文只是来自中国的奇怪语言。故选C。 课后课时作业(三) 139 7．A.wrote down B．thought about C．talked about D．forgot about 解析：句意：我回到家，想着那天发生的事。write down 写下；think about 思考；talk about 谈论；forget about 忘记。根据后文作者意识到自己的不同可知，作者一直在思考那天发生的事情。故选B。 8．A.out B．up C．next D．there 解析：句意：我看着镜子里的自己——在那里还是那天早上的那张脸，但对我来说似乎已经不一样了。out 离开；up 向上；next 靠近；there 在那儿。故选D。 课后课时作业(三) 140 9．A.remain B．seem C．act D．show 解析：remain 保持；seem 似乎；act 活动；show 展示。根据前后文语境可知，经过了在学校给其他孩子说中文的事情，作者觉得自己似乎有一些不一样了。故选B。 10．A.family B．class C．team D．country 解析：根据第二段中“Some kids in my class”可知，此处指作者感觉自己与班上的其他孩子不一样。故选B。 课后课时作业(三) 141 11．A.different B．interesting C．strange D．valuable 解析：句意：那天，我发现了生活中不同的一部分——文化和传统——和我现在生活中的不同。different 不同的；interesting 有趣的；strange 奇怪的；valuable 贵重的。根据前文“For the first time, I felt different from the others in my”可知，作者发现了生活中不同的一部分。故选A。 课后课时作业(三) 142 12．A.learning B．expecting C．living D．reporting 解析：learn 学习；expect 期待；live 生活，居住；report 报告。根据前文“That day I discovered a part of my life”可知，此处是指与作者现在过着的生活不同的一部分。故选C。 课后课时作业(三) 143 13．A.past B．positions C．duties D．roots 解析：根据后文“with our own beliefs, opinions, traditions and lifestyles”可知，作者意识到每个人要记住自己的根，有自己的信仰、观点、传统和生活方式。故选D。 课后课时作业(三) 144 14．A.nobody B．nothing C．everyone D．everything 解析：句意：现在我知道，我们都必须记住自己的根，但我们也必须继续探索，认识到每个人都是不同的，有自己的信仰、观点、传统和生活方式。根据后文“with our own beliefs, opinions, traditions and lifestyles”可知，作者认识到每个人都是不同的。故选C。 课后课时作业(三) 145 15．A.lead to B．stick to C．devote to D．refer to 解析：lead to 引起；导致；stick to 坚持；devote to 致力于；refer to 参考。根据后文“respect for one another”可知，认识这些差异应该引起对彼此的尊重。故选A。 课后课时作业(三) 146 课后课时作业（四） 较易题(占比50%)　中档题(占比50%)　拔高题(占比0%) 题号 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ A B 难度 ★ ★ ★★ ★★ 课后课时作业(四) 148 Ⅰ　完形填空 Jenni Mahoney was an eighth grade English teacher in a suburban St. Louis school district. One day, she found one of her middle schoolers was having a __1__ day. She pulled out her stationery and wrote her an encouraging note. The __2__ she wanted to share was simple: “I see you. You're doing good things.” She wanted to cheer up her student with a little handwritten pep talk. The girl didn't say anything to Mahoney, __3__ Mahoney saw the girl put the note in her binder (活页夹) for the rest of the year. 课后课时作业(四) 149 Mahoney started writing notes to other students if she noticed one of them having a bad day. The small __4__ seemed to make a difference. At the start of the next school year, she was thinking about __5__ to incorporate (包含) more praise and positive feedback (反馈) into her teaching. Mahoney decided to write two to three notes for each of her students throughout the year. She had 60 students. Would she really be able to write 180 notes, on top of all the __6__ teaching, planning and grading? 课后课时作业(四) 150 For the past two years, she's made it __7__ by incorporating the practice into a weekly__8__. She picks three students from each ELA block, writing nine notes weekly. Additionally, at the end of the school year, all 60 students get a(n) __9__ note she writes over the course of four days when the students are taking the standardized tests. “I think the __10__ is powerful，” she said. It helps __11__ her relationships with all the students over the year. 课后课时作业(四) 151 “This is a quick way to tell them without making it uncomfortable or strange for them，” Mahoney said. __12__ they don’t acknowledge it directly, she finds that many students __13__ the note in their binders. She overhears students ask one another if they’ve gotten a note yet. And a handful of times, students have written her kind letters __14__． She's found a way to teach an important __15__ without saying a word. 篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了英语老师Jenni Mahoney (詹尼·马奥尼)通过给学生写鼓励性话语来激励学生的故事。 课后课时作业(四) 152 1．A.long B．rough C．special D．different 解析：句意：一天，她发现她的一个学生过得很艰难。long 长的；rough 艰难的；special 特殊的；different 不同的。根据下文的“She pulled out her stationery and wrote her an encouraging note.”可知，Jenni Mahoney给她的学生写了鼓励性的便条，可推断出她的学生过得艰难。故选B。 课后课时作业(四) 153 2．A.experience B．thought C．feeling D．message 解析：句意：她想分享的信息很简单：“我看到你了。你做得很好。”experience 经历；thought 想法；feeling 感觉；message 信息。根据下文的“I see you. You're doing good things.”可知，这是Jenni Mahoney在便条上留下的鼓励性的信息。故选D。 课后课时作业(四) 154 3．A.and B．but C．or D．so 解析：根据上文的“The girl didn't say anything to Mahoney”和下文的“Mahoney saw the girl put the note in her binder (活页夹) for the rest of the year”可知，上下文构成转折关系，此处表示女孩什么也没说，但Mahoney看到在这一年剩下的时间里，女孩都把这张便条放在她的活页夹里。故选B。 课后课时作业(四) 155 4．A.intention B．gesture C．choice D．decision 解析：intention 意图；gesture (表明感情或意图的)姿态，表示；choice 选择；decision 决定。根据上文语境可知，Mahoney给女孩写便条这个小小的表示起了作用。故选B。 课后课时作业(四) 156 5．A.answers B．changes C．clues D．ways 解析：根据下文的“Mahoney decided to ... throughout the year.”可知，Mahoney发现鼓励性便条对学生起了作用，所以就想办法将表扬和积极的反馈融入到她的教学中，以鼓励学生。故选D。 课后课时作业(四) 157 6．A.formal B．specific C．regular D．realistic 解析：formal 正式的；specific 具体的；regular 有规律的，常规的；realistic 现实的。根据下文的“teaching, planning and grading”可知，这是教师的常规工作。故选C。 课后课时作业(四) 158 7．A.continue B．boom C．spread D．happen 解析：句意：在过去的两年里，她通过把这一做法融入到每周的例行公事中来做到这一点。continue 继续；boom 繁荣；spread 扩散；happen (作为结果)出现，发生。故选D。 课后课时作业(四) 159 8．A.mission B．routine C．action D．project 解析：根据上文的“Would she really ... planning and grading？”可知，Mahoney想在常规教学工作的基础上，写180张鼓励性便条，所以把写鼓励性便条融入到每周的教学常规事情中。故选B。 课后课时作业(四) 160 9．A.individual B．available C．general D．relevant 解析：individual 个人的；available 可获得的；general 一般的；relevant 相关的。此处表示学年结束时，她要利用学生们参加考试的4天时间给每个学生写一个鼓励性便条。故选A。 10．A.idea B．goal C．effect D．image 解析：根据下文的“It helps”可知，鼓励性便条是有效果的。故选C。 课后课时作业(四) 161 11．A.discover B．develop C．display D．express 解析：句意：这有助于在这一年中发展她与所有学生的关系。develop relationships with sb表示“发展与某人的关系”。故选B。 12．A.As if B．In case C．If only D．Even though 解析：句意：尽管他们没有直接承认，但是她发现很多学生都把便条保存在活页夹里。上下文构成让步转折关系。故选D。 课后课时作业(四) 162 13．A.get B．send C．keep D．make 解析：根据下文的“students have written her kind letters”可知，有些学生还给Mahoney写了回信，由此可推知，学生对鼓励性便条很在意，他们像第一个女孩一样把便条保存在活页夹里。故选C。 14．A.in secret B．in detail C．in return D．in advance 解析：句意：有几次，作为回报，学生们给她写了友好的回信。in secret 秘密地；in detail 详细地；in return 作为回报；in advance 提前。故选C。 课后课时作业(四) 163 15．A.lesson B．task C．factor D．role 解析：句意：她找到了一种不用说一句话就能上一堂重要课的方法。lesson 课；task 任务；factor 因素；role 角色。根据上文语境可知，这种用写“鼓励性便条”鼓励学生的方法，实现了不说一句话，就达到了给学生上了一堂鼓励课的效果。故选A。 课后课时作业(四) 164 Ⅱ　阅读 A If you are in a dilemma about being self­taught or getting formal education, you have come to the right webpage. In this article, we note the advantages of each of these to help you decide which one would be the best for you. 课后课时作业(四) 165 Perhaps the biggest advantage of being self­taught is that you are able to save a lot of money. With each passing year, the cost of getting a degree is on the rise. As a result, many students these days tend to graduate from college with a significant amount of debt. This makes it necessary for them to get a job as soon as possible, otherwise a number of serious issues may arise. Besides, it is possible to learn faster on your own, by focusing on only those areas that you are interested in. Finally, learning on your own can be a great confidence builder. You have to struggle to gain knowledge but once you clear the basics on your own, you will find yourself being much more confident about your abilities. 课后课时作业(四) 166 One of the biggest advantages of formal education is that you get a degree which is a mark of recognition that you have achieved a level of knowledge in that particular field. Many companies tend to prefer candidates who have a college degree. What's more, though formal education lacks the convenience and flexibility of self­education, it offers you much more in terms of the actual structure of the learning process. Last, being formally educated means that you will enter a college or other similar educational institutions. There you will get the benefit of being taught and guided by learned teachers and other subject experts. This will be a big benefit as you will be able to take advantage of their experience and gain in­depth knowledge about the subject. 课后课时作业(四) 167 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章分析了自学和正规教育各自的优势。自学或接受正规教育的选择取决于个人的喜好和情况。 Thus, both formal education and self­education have their own sets of advantages. The choice between the two comes down to individual preferences as well as personal situations. 课后课时作业(四) 168 1．Which of the following is an advantage of self­education? A．A faster pace of learning. B．Being guided by subject experts. C．A wider range of ways to gain knowledge. D．Having more chances of getting part­time jobs. 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Besides, it is possible ... are interested in.”可知，更快的学习速度是自学的优点之一。故选A。 课后课时作业(四) 169 2．To get the benefit of being taught by learned experts, you should ________． A．choose self­education B．enter an educational institution C．work for learned teachers D．make use of webpages about education 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Last, being formally educated ... other subject experts.”可知，要想受益于有学问的专家的指导，就必须进入教育机构。故选B。 课后课时作业(四) 170 3．What is the most important factor in choosing the way of education? A．The reputation of educational institutions. B．The knowledge of teachers and experts. C．The opinions of relatives and friends. D．One's preference and situations. 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“The choice between ... as well as personal situations.”可知，教育方式的选择取决于个人的喜好和情况。故选D。 课后课时作业(四) 171 4．What is the author's purpose of writing this text? A．To promote a webpage about education. B．To prove that self­education is the best choice. C．To help readers choose between two forms of education. D．To prove that it's difficult to decide on the proper education. 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“If you are ... the right webpage.(如果你正处于自学或接受正规教育的两难境地，那么你就来到了正确的网页。)”可推知，作者写此文的目的是帮助读者在两种教育形式中做选择。故选C。 课后课时作业(四) 172 B When preparing for a test, most students assume it's best to simply study the material and try to memorize as much of it as possible. Many tests seemingly reward rote (死记硬背) memorization. But what if students trained by testing themselves instead? Usually, studying is considered a safer bet; why risk producing wrong answers when you can just memorize the right one? Yet it turns out making errors early on can be more helpful for remembering information over time. 课后课时作业(四) 173 Cognitive psychologists Henry “Roddy” Roediger and Jeff Karpicke conducted a study where they had hundreds of students memorize passages from a test­preparation book for the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL). One group memorized these passages by reading them repeatedly, while another group read the passages several times and then completed three tests. The results were surprising: the students who repeatedly studied the material initially performed better, but when they were tested again a week later, the students who tested themselves recalled over 60% of what they had learned, compared to only 40% for the group who repeatedly studied. 课后课时作业(四) 174 The testing effect has since been confirmed in many studies under a range of conditions. Its value remains undoubted, but scientists are still debating why it has such a powerful effect on memory. The simplest explanation is that testing exposes our weaknesses. When we test our memories, we expose the weaknesses of existing neuronal (神经元的) connections in a way that ultimately strengthens what's useful and removes what's not, making the information we attempt to memorize more lasting and easier to recall. 课后课时作业(四) 175 To maximize the benefits of the testing effect, it‘s important to return to the same information in shorter sessions over several days instead of cramming (塞入) everything into a single night of intense studying. This allows your brain to consolidate the information and create stronger memories. In conclusion, testing is not just a tool for assessing your knowledge but also a powerful learning tool. By embracing errors and actively testing yourself, you can improve your learning and memory. So, instead of avoiding mistakes, embrace them as opportunities for growth and mastery. 课后课时作业(四) 176 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，通过自我测试而非单纯死记硬背能够提高学习效果，其对长期记忆也有积极影响。 课后课时作业(四) 177 5．What do we know about Henry and Jeff's study? A．Self­testing works only with other study methods. B．Both groups of students performed the same at first. C．Rote memorization doesn't work well in the long run. D．The study focused on using a test­preparation book for TOFEL. 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The results were surprising ... who repeatedly studied.(结果令人惊讶：那些反复学习材料的学生最初表现得更好，但当一周后再次测试时，自我测试的学生回忆起了他们所学内容的60%以上，而反复学习的学生仅能回忆起40%。)”可知，研究表明，死记硬背在短期内效果较好，但在长期记忆中不如自我测试有效。故选C。 课后课时作业(四) 178 6．What happens to the brain when people test their memories? A．Additional neuronal connections in the brain are created. B．The brain processes new pieces of information at a higher speed. C．The weak connections between neurons in the brain are removed. D．Weak but useful neuronal connections are exposed and strengthened. 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“When we test our memories ... easier to recall.(当我们测试自己的记忆时，我们揭示了现有神经元连接的弱点，这种方式最终会强化有用的部分并去除无用的部分，从而使我们试图记住的信息更加持久且更容易回忆。)”可知，测试记忆时，大脑会暴露并强化有用的神经元连接，同时去除无用的连接，由此可知，弱但有用的神经元连接被暴露并得到加强。故选D。 课后课时作业(四) 179 7．Which of the following is the effective way to study according to Paragraph 4? A．Avoiding making mistakes during study. B．Cramming all the information into one night of studying. C．Reviewing the material in short sessions over several days. D．Focusing on the information that is most likely to be on the test. 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“To maximize the benefits ... intense studying.(为了最大化测试效应的好处，重要的是在几天内分多次短时段复习相同的信息，而不是在一个晚上进行高强度的突击学习。)”可推知，在几天内分多次短时段复习材料是有效的学习方法。故选C。 课后课时作业(四) 180 8．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Cramming for Exams: A Safer Bet for Success B．The Testing Effect: Why Practice Makes Perfect C．The Power of Testing: An Effective Approach to Learning D．The Science Behind Learning: How Our Brains Process Information 课后课时作业(四) 181 解析：标题判断题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段中的“Yet it turns out making errors early on can be more helpful for remembering information over time.(然而，结果表明，早期犯错对于随着时间的推移记住信息更有帮助。)”和第三段中的“The testing effect has since been confirmed in many studies under a range of conditions.(测试效应已经在多种条件下通过许多研究得到了证实。)”可知，本文的核心在于探讨测试作为一种有效的学习方法的力量。C项(测试的力量：一种有效的学习方法)概括了全文的主旨，适合作为文章的最佳标题。故选C。 课后课时作业(四) 182 Ⅲ　应用文写作 假设你是李华，你的外国笔友Amy来信询问你对网络教育(online education)的看法，请你用英文给她写一封回信，内容包括： 1.网络教育的现状； 2．你的看法。 注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右； 2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 课后课时作业(四) 183 Dear Amy， I am very glad to hear from you. In your letter, you asked me about my attitude to online education. ﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍ Yours sincerely， Li Hua 课后课时作业(四) 184 [精彩范文] Dear Amy， I am very glad to hear from you. In your letter, you asked me about my attitude to online education. And I am more than happy to share it with you. Nowadays, online education has become very popular among people. Those who want to learn something, whether they are young or old, all can have their online classes on different subjects. Some can even get a certificate or diploma after completing the required online courses. Therefore, the number of people receiving this kind of education is on the rise. 课后课时作业(四) 185 　As far as I'm concerned, I appreciate this new form of education and also have got some benefits from it. It's indeed a helpful complement to the traditional education means. Yours sincerely， Li Hua 课后课时作业(四) 186 R $$