UNIT 4 Section Ⅱ Lesson 2 & Lesson 3-【金版教程】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第二册创新导学案全书Word（北师大版2019）

英语　选择性必修 第二册 BS Section Ⅱ　Lesson 2 & Lesson 3 TEXT 1 文章1 Mr Bean 憨豆先生 Mr Bean is an internationally recognised comedy character in films and TV series. 在电影和电视剧中，憨豆先生是国际公认的喜剧角色。 He has a reputation for constantly encountering awkward situations, which greatly amuses audiences of all nationalities and cultures. 他以经常遭遇尴尬场面而闻名，这使所有国籍和文化的观众都被他逗乐了。 •His humour is always made clear through a series of simple and funny acts that rely purely on body language that is universal. 他的幽默总是通过一系列简单而有趣的动作表现出来，这些动作完全依赖于通用的肢体语言。 词句自测 ①nationality n. 国籍 ②reputation n. 名誉，名望 ③encounter vt. 遇到 ④amuse vt. 使开心；逗笑 ⑤rely vi. 依赖 ⑥rely__on 依赖；信赖 ⑦purely adv. 完全地，纯粹地，仅仅 ⑧universal adj. 广泛适用的；共同的，普遍的 ⑨“主(His humour)谓(is made)”。clear是主语补足语；through a series of ... is universal是状语；a series of simple and funny是acts的前置定语，that rely ... is universal是acts的后置定语(即定语从句)，其中 that is universal又是一个定语从句，修饰body language。 One of my favourite episodes was Mr Bean in a fancy restaurant. 我最喜欢的一集是憨豆先生在一家高级餐厅(发生的故事)。 After being seated at his table, Mr Bean takes out a card, writes a few words on it, puts it in an envelope and places it on the table. 在安排就座后，憨豆先生拿出一张卡片，在上面写了几个字，把它放进一个信封里，然后放在桌子上。 After a moment, he looks back at the envelope but this time he looks surprised, as if he did not know it was there. 过了一会儿，他又看了看信封，但这次他看起来很惊讶，好像他不知道信封就在那里。 He opens it to find a birthday card and very happily puts it on the table for everyone to see. 他打开信封，发现是一张生日贺卡，很高兴地把它放在桌子上让大家看。 词句自测 ⑩episode n. 一集 When he looks at the menu, an astonished look quickly appears on his face. 当他看菜单时，脸上立刻露出一种惊讶的表情。 He takes all the money out of his wallet, counts it and puts it in a saucer. 他从皮夹里拿出所有的钱，数了数，放在一个碟子里。 He then looks from the menu to the money with concern until he finds one thing that makes him smile. 然后，他担心地一会儿看看菜单，一会儿看看钱，直到他找到一样食物，使他露出了微笑。 Then he orders a dish called “steak tartare”. 然后他点了一道叫“鞑靼碎牛排”的菜。 When the dish arrives, he is shocked to discover that “steak tartare” is actually raw hamburger. 当菜端上来时，他震惊地发现“鞑靼碎牛排”实际上是生汉堡。 词句自测 ⑪astonished adj. 吃惊的，惊讶的 ⑫steak n. 牛排 ⑬raw adj. 生的 •He makes an attempt to eat it, but it is clear from the look on his face as he is chewing that he finds the taste truly awful. 他尝试着要吃它，但从他咀嚼时脸上的表情可以明显看出，他觉得味道真的很糟糕。 He cannot hide his feelings, except when the waiters ask if everything is all right. 他无法掩饰自己的感受，除了当服务员问他是否一切满意时。 When this happens, he smiles and nods, indicating that everything is fine. 当这种情况发生时，他微笑着点头，表示一切都好。 词句自测 ⑭chew vi.& vt. 咀嚼 ⑮“分句(He makes ... to eat it)＋but＋分句(it is clear ... awful)”。本句是but连接的并列复合句。第一个分句中to eat it是不定式短语作attempt的后置定语；第二个分句中含有“it is＋adj.＋that从句”结构，其中it是形式主语， that he finds ... awful是主语从句，作真正的主语；from the look on his face是状语，as he is chewing是时间状语从句。 When the waiters are not looking, however, he busies himself hiding the raw meat anywhere he can reach—the sugar bowl, the tiny flower vase, inside a bread roll and under a plate. 然而，当服务员没有注意的时候，他却忙着把生肉藏在他能够得到的任何地方——糖碗、小花瓶、小圆面包里和盘子下面。 •He becomes so desperate in the end that he even hides some inside the purse of a woman sitting near him and throws some down the trousers of the restaurant's violinist! 最后，他变得如此绝望，以至于他甚至把一部分藏在邻座一位女士的钱包里，然后又把一些塞进餐厅小提琴手的裤子里！ I like to watch Mr Bean on TV but I wouldn't want to meet someone like him in real life, and I certainly wouldn't want to have dinner with him! 我喜欢看电视里的憨豆先生，但我可不想在现实生活中遇到像他那样的人，我当然更不想和他共进晚餐！ 词句自测 ⑯vase n. 花瓶 ⑰purse n. 女用手提包；女式钱包 ⑱“主句(He becomes so desperate in the end)＋结果状语从句(that he even ... the restaurant's violinist)”。从句中hides和throws并列作谓语，some是宾语；sitting near him是现在分词短语作woman的后置定语。 TEXT 2 文章2 The Contemporary Chaplin 当代卓别林 Rowan Atkinson is an English actor, comedian and screenwriter. 罗温·艾金森是一名英国演员、喜剧演员和编剧。 In Britain, Mr Atkinson is mostly famous for many successful TV shows but internationally we know him best as the awkward, clumsy, but always amusing Mr Bean. 在英国，艾金森先生因许多成功的电视节目而出名，但在国际上，我们最熟悉的他是那个尴尬、笨拙但总是有趣的憨豆先生。 If you think that Rowan Atkinson is anything like his famous creation, then you are in for a surprise. 如果你认为罗温·艾金森和他创作的著名作品有相似之处，那么你一定会大吃一惊。 On the contrary, he is nothing like Mr Bean. 相反，他一点也不像憨豆先生。 词句自测 ⑲contemporary adj. 当代的 ⑳screenwriter n. 影视剧本作家，编剧 mostly adv. 主要地；大部分 clumsy adj. 笨拙的，不灵活的 amusing adj. 好笑的，有趣的 creation n. 创造物，作品 contrary n. 正相反，恰恰相反 Rowan was born on 6 January, 1955. 罗温出生于1955年1月6日。 He grew up on a farm with his parents and three older brothers. 他随父母在农场长大，家中有三个哥哥。 His father was very strict and did not believe in the value of television. 他的父亲非常严厉，不相信电视的价值。 Rowan had a very successful academic career. 罗温有一个非常成功的学术生涯。 At the age of 13, he was awarded a scholarship to a boarding school. 13岁时，他被授予一所寄宿学校的奖学金。 Later, he studied at Newcastle University, where he attained the highest marks in his year. 后来，他进入纽卡斯尔大学学习，在那里他取得了当届的最高分。 At Oxford, he obtained his master's degree in electrical engineering. 在牛津大学，他获得了电气工程硕士学位。 •This may explain why he loves fast cars, of which he has many. 这也许可以解释为什么他喜欢跑车，而且他有很多跑车。 词句自测 academic adj. 学术的 scholarship n. 奖学金 boarding__school 寄宿学校 attain vt. 得到，获得 obtain vt. 获得，得到 electrical__engineering 电力(电气)工程学 “主(This)谓(may explain)宾(why he loves ... he has many)”。why引导宾语从句，of which he has many是“介词＋which”引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词fast__cars。 When Rowan was young, he had a stutter and to make his speech clearer, he began to speak very carefully. 罗温小时候有口吃，为了讲话更清楚，他开始非常小心地说话。 This may be why some of his characters have unusual ways of speaking. 这可能是为什么他的一些角色有不同寻常的说话方式。 As early as primary school, Rowan had already shown a talent for acting, but it was only later at university that he decided to become an actor. 早在小学的时候，罗温就已表现出了表演天赋，但直到大学后期他才决定成为一名演员。 词句自测 stutter n. 结巴，口吃 talent n. 天资，天赋，才能 A key event occurred one day in 1976 when he was playing around and pulling a face in the mirror. 1976年的一天，当他四处玩耍，对着镜子做鬼脸时，发生了一件重要的事情。 “I discovered my face，” he said later. “我发现了自己的(另一副)面孔，”他后来说。 •John Lloyd, who worked as a producer for BBC Television, says that one rarely meets someone with such genius, and that when he worked with Atkinson he became convinced that Rowan would be more famous than Charlie Chaplin. 曾担任英国广播公司电视节目制片人的约翰·劳埃德说很少能遇到拥有如此天赋的人，当他与艾金森共事时，他确信罗温会比查理·卓别林更出名。 词句自测 mirror n. 镜子 producer n. 制作人，制片人 rarely adv. 很少，难得 genius n. 天才，天赋；天才人物 convinced adj. 确信的，信服的 “主(John Lloyd)谓(says)宾(that one rarely ... Charlie Chaplin)”。who ... BBC Television是非限制性定语从句，修饰主语John Lloyd；and连接两个宾语从句that one ... such genius和that when he ... than Charlie Chaplin；第二个宾语从句的结构为“时间状语从句(when he worked with Atkinson)＋主句(he became convinced ... Charlie Chaplin)”，that Rowan ... Charlie Chaplin是宾语从句。 1 mood n. 心情，情绪(教材P12) 归纳拓展 ①The news had put her in a bad mood. 这消息让她心情很糟糕。 ②I'm just not in the mood for a party/to attend a party tonight. 我今晚就是没心情参加聚会。 (1)单句语法填空 ①I'm not in ________ mood to argue with you. ②I was in no mood ________ a joke. 答案：①the　②for (2)单句表达 驾车者可以乘坐公共汽车进入市中心，带着轻松、愉快的心情去上班或去商店购物。 Motorists could take a bus into the city centre and arrive at work or the shops relaxed and __________________． 答案：in a good/happy mood 2 whisper vi.& vt. 悄声说，低语，耳语(教材P111) 归纳拓展 归纳拓展 ①She whispered something in his ear and he smiled. 她在他耳旁小声说了些什么，然后他笑了。 ②It was whispered that he would soon die and he did. 有人私下说他将不久于人世，后来他果然去世了。 ③They sat at the back of the room, talking in a whisper/whispers. 他们坐在房间的后面低声谈话。 (1)单句语法填空 ①They whispered ________ each other for a long time. ②Peter leaned over and whispered something ________ Tom's ear. 答案：①to　②in (2)单句表达 ①据传闻他负债累累。 __________________________ he is heavily in debt. ②她探过身去，低声把消息告诉了他。 She leaned forward and ________________________ him. 答案：①It is whispered that　②whispered the news to 3 expense n. 费用，花费(教材P111) 归纳拓展 ①We were taken out for a meal at the company's expense. 公司出钱请我们外出就餐。 ②He built up the business at the expense of his health. 他以自己的健康为代价建立起这个企业。 ③She spared no expense to make the party a success. 为使聚会成功她不惜一切代价。 (1)单句语法填空 ①In the end you gain very little advantage ________ great expense. ②A heavy workload, fierce competition and rising living ________ (expense) keep him working around the clock. ③It's often less ________ (expense) to buy goods in quantity, but you'd better examine the quality before buying them. 答案：①at　②expenses　③expensive (2)单句表达 ①为了在全球经济中竞争，各国需要不惜一切代价提高教育质量。 Competing in a global economy requires countries to ________________________________． ②经济发展不能以牺牲环境为代价。 Economic development must not be achieved __________________________________． 答案：①spare no expense to improve education　②at the expense of the environment 4 reputation n. 名誉，名望(教材P14) 归纳拓展 ①The products I often buy have a reputation for their quality and design. 我常买的产品因质量和设计而享有盛誉。 ②He has a reputation as a political bruiser. 他在政治上好勇斗狠是出了名的。 ③It takes twenty years to build a reputation and five minutes to ruin it. 花二十年建立起来的声誉可以在五分钟之内完全摧毁。 ④The university she was just admitted to is of great reputation in the world. 她刚刚考上的那所大学在世界上很有名望。 ⑤The weather in England is living up to its reputation (＝exactly as expected). 英格兰的天气真是名副其实。 (1)单句语法填空 ①The school has a good reputation ________ good exam results. ②It can take a long time to establish ________ good reputation, but damaging it is much easier. ③She started to get a reputation ________ an unselfish girl with a heart of gold. 答案：①for　②a　③as (2)单句表达 ①“长江之行”和“泰山之旅”都享有盛誉。 Of the two trips to the Yangtze River and Mount Tai, ________________________________． ②他是位杰出的领导人，名不虚传。 He is an outstanding leader who ______________________________． 答案：①both are of great/good/high reputation　②lives up to his reputation 5 amuse vt. 使开心；逗笑(教材P14) 归纳拓展 ①It amused him to think that they were probably talking about him at that very moment. 想到就在这会儿他们大概正在谈论他，他不禁笑了起来。 ②The audience was amused at/by/with the comedian's amusing tricks. 观众被喜剧演员有趣的魔术逗乐了。 ③To our amusement, he was wearing a pair of red shoes. 令我们感到好笑的是，他穿了双红鞋。 图解助记 (1)单句语法填空 ①I'm sure I'll be able to amuse ________ (I) for a few hours. ②There were puzzles and games to keep the children ________ (amuse)． ③To our ________ (amuse), his false beard fell off. 答案：①myself　②amused　③amusement (2)单句表达 听说她坐到了未干的油漆上，我们都觉得好笑。 We ____________________________ her sitting on the wet paint. 答案：were amused to hear about 6 rely on 依赖；信赖(教材P14) 归纳拓展 ①You may rely on him in that he is capable of calculating the events accurately. 你可以依靠他，因为他能够准确地预测事情。 ②We must always rely on the people to create history. 我们必须始终依靠人民创造历史。 ③Nowadays we rely increasingly on computers for help. 如今，我们越来越依赖计算机的帮助。 ④You may rely on it that he will come to see you. 放心好了，他会来见你的。 (1)单句语法填空 ①The people on the island rely on a spring ________ their water. ②Wildlife protection should rely ________ the common efforts of everyone. ③I'm relying on the garage ________ (fix) the car by tomorrow. 答案：①for　②on　③to fix (2)单句表达 ①你放心好了，这周末一定会下雪。 You ________________________ it will snow this weekend. ②他在如何学英语方面总是依靠老师的指点。 He always ______________________________ about how to learn English. 答案：①can rely on it that　②relies on his teacher for advice 7 astonished adj. 吃惊的，惊讶的(教材P14) 归纳拓展 ①I'm astonished at your striking idea. 我对你的惊人想法感到惊讶。 ②We were astonished to find the temple still in its original condition. 我们惊讶地发现这座庙宇仍然保持原样。 ③Here is an astonishing fact: Mental work alone can't make us tired. 这里有一个非常令人吃惊的事实：单独的脑力工作不会使我们疲劳。 ④To my astonishment, the car was gone. 令我吃惊的是，车不见了。 (1)单句语法填空 ①We were astonished ________ (hear) that their football team had won the champion. ②I was astonished ________ the loud sound and woke up from my dream. ③You may find it ________ (astonish) that Charlie was taught to sing as soon as he could speak and dance as soon as he could walk. 答案：①to hear　②at　③astonishing (2)单句表达 ①让我吃惊的是，他们听到神舟十六号载人飞船成功着陆地球这个令人惊讶的消息时并不吃惊，于是我惊讶地望着他们。 To my ________， they weren't ________ at the ________ news that Shenzhou­16 manned spaceship landed on the earth successfully, so I looked at them in ________. ②两种传统之间的差异让在场的每一个人都感到惊讶。 The differences between the two traditions ________________________． ③发现他的阅读能力提高了这么多，真是令人吃惊。 ______________________ to find his reading ability improved so much. 答案：①astonishment; astonished; astonishing; astonishment　②astonished everyone present　③It was astonishing 8 When this happens, he smiles and nods, indicating that everything is fine. 当这种情况发生时，他笑着点点头，装作一切都好的样子。(教材P15) 剖析 现在分词indicating作伴随状语，其表示的动作或状态与谓语动词的动作或状态是同时发生的。 归纳拓展 ①They walked along the street, singing and laughing. (伴随状语) 他们又唱又笑地沿着街道散步。 ②Walking by the lake, I met an old friend. (时间状语) 沿着湖边散步时，我遇到了一位老朋友。 ③Living far from my company, I have to get up early every morning. (原因状语) 由于住得离公司太远，我每天早晨必须早起。 ④Working hard, you will succeed. (条件状语) 如果努力工作，你会成功的。 ⑤Please answer the question using another way. (方式状语) 请用另一种方法回答问题。 ⑥Possessing a car gives a much greater degree of mobility, enabling the driver to move around freely. (结果状语) 拥有一辆汽车就相当于具有更大的灵活性，使司机能自由自在地往来各地。 ⑦Working so hard, he failed again. (让步状语) 虽然他工作很努力，但又失败了。 (1)单句语法填空 ①He sat in the armchair, ________ (read) a newspaper. ②Now I work in a centre for drug addicts, ________ (help) others to stop taking drugs. 答案：①reading　②helping (2)句型转换 Though he lived miles away, he attended the course.(改为非谓语动词) →______________________， he attended the course. 答案：Living miles away 9 contrary n. 正相反，恰恰相反(教材P15) 归纳拓展 ①There was no malice in her; on the contrary, she was very kind. 她并无恶意；恰恰相反，她人很好。 ②I shall continue to believe it until I have proof to the contrary. 我会一直相信此事，直到我有相反的证据。 (1)单句语法填空 ①My sister's taste in dresses is contrary ________ my own. ②It doesn't seem ugly to me; ________ the contrary, I think it's rather pretty. 答案：①to　②on (2)单句表达 ①汤姆低声地告诉我他的看法与我相反。 Tom whispered to me that his views ________________________ mine. ②那不是什么好事，相反，那是一个巨大的错误。 It wasn't a good thing; ____________________， it was a huge mistake. 答案：①were contrary to　②on the contrary 10 talent n. 天资，天赋，才能(教材P15) 归纳拓展 ①The girl has a talent for language. Now she can speak three foreign languages. 这个女孩有语言天赋。她现在能说三门外语了。 ②The little boy showed a talent for painting. We all believed he would become a talented artist. 这个小男孩表现出绘画天赋。我们都相信他会成为有才华的艺术家。 (1)单句语法填空 ①My brother showed a talent ________ music when he was very young. ②She is a ________ (talent) artist as well as a photographer. ③He is ________ (talent) for singing and so he is well known for his wonderful voice. ④Writing poems is one of his many ________ (talent)． 答案：①for　②talented　③talented　④talents (2)单句表达 如果您能给我这样一个展示才能的机会我将不胜感激。 I really appreciate it if you could give me such an opportunity to ____________________． 答案：show my talent 11 ... but it was only later at university that he decided to become an actor. ……但直到大学后期他才决定当一名演员。(教材P15) 剖析 it was ... that ... 为强调句型，对状语later at university进行强调。 归纳拓展 ①It was in this shop that he bought the book yesterday.(强调地点状语) 昨天，他正是在这家商店买的这本书。 ②It was I that/who saw him in the street yesterday afternoon.(强调主语) 昨天下午是我在街上看见他的。 ③It was this course that he made up his mind to take.(强调宾语) 这就是他下定决心学习的课程。 ④Was it at eight o'clock that you began to work? (强调句型的一般疑问句) 你是在八点钟开始工作的吗？ ⑤Why was it that he couldn't answer the question？(强调句型的特殊疑问句) 他为什么不能回答这个问题？ 名师点津 not until引导的时间状语从句可以用在强调句型中，其结构为It is/was not until ... that ...。 It was not until she took off her mask that I realized she was a famous film star. 直到她摘下口罩，我才意识到她是个著名的电影明星。 (1)单句语法填空 ①It ________ (be) his high scores on the psychological tests that finally won him the status of China's first astronaut. ②It was not until he went to the university ________ he realized the love from his parents. 答案：①was　②that (2)单句表达 ①是我要去参加这个会议。 ______________________ am going to attend the meeting. ②那个病人看上去好多了；是什么让他变成今天这样的呢？ The patient looks much better; ____________________ has made him what he is today? 答案：①It is I that/who　②what is it that 12 convinced adj. 确信的，信服的(教材P15) 归纳拓展 ①You'll need to convince them of your enthusiasm for the job. 你要使他们相信你殷切希望得到这份工作。 ②I've been trying to convince him to see a doctor. 我一直劝他去看病。 ③Scientists are convinced of the positive effect of laughter on physical and mental health. 科学家们确信笑对人的身心健康有积极影响。 ④I'm not completely convinced that he knew the importance of practice. 我不完全相信他知道实践的重要性。 ⑤In my opinion, much of the research is convincing. 我认为该研究的大部分是令人信服的。 (1)单句语法填空 ①We've been trying to convince him ________ (give) up the plan. ②His speech was so ________ (convince) that everyone present believed what he said. ③I'm ________ (convince) that we can overcome any difficulty. 答案：①to give　②convincing　③convinced (2)单句表达 ①我无法使他相信他错了。 I couldn't ______________________ he was wrong. ②罗伯特脸上的表情显然让她相信了他的无辜。 The expression on Robert's face obviously ____________________________________． 答案：①convince him that　②convinced her of his innocence Ⅰ.根据语境及汉语提示和首字母提示完成句子 1．The trend of modern education opinion is away from ________ (身体的) punishment. 答案：physical 2．Amid increasing instability and uncertainty, the ________ (当代的) world calls for more responsibilities of major countries, Xi pointed out. 答案：contemporary 3．People always equate education with exam success, which forces students to keep improving their ________ (学术的) abilities. 答案：academic 4．Consumers think highly of this auto industry, at whose ________ (花费) the problem cars under guarantee are repaired. 答案：expense 5．He went into the bathroom absent­mindedly and looked at himself in the ________ (镜子)． 答案：mirror 6．Love will always be a topic of universal interest regardless of race, religion or n________． 答案：nationality 7．High levels of zinc can ruin the body's natural immunity or power to fight i________． 答案：infection 8．This TV show provides women a stage where they show their natural t________， rather than their looks. 答案：talent 9．The heavy traffic during the Spring Festival Travel Rush often contributes to the difficulties to o________ a ticket. 答案：obtain 10．Nervously facing challenges, I know I will w________ to myself the two simple words “Be yourself”． 答案：whisper Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．If you feel any ________ (tense) in your neck, put a towel under your head for support when sleeping. 答案：tension 2．Blamed for the failure to accomplish the task, Tom was in no mood ________ the concert tonight. 答案：for 3．The emoticons come in handy when we want to stop a conversation, sparing us the ________ (embarrass)． 答案：embarrassment 4．According to the report, this virus was never known until it was ________ (accident) found by a doctor. 答案：accidentally 5．As she accumulated more and more experience on the stage, the ________ (comedy) built up confidence gradually. 答案：comedian 6．I want to buy a Haier washing machine, for they have ________ high reputation for good quality and low price. 答案：a 7．Though lacking experience, Mike was convinced ________ he would get a higher pay by working hard. 答案：that 8．Guo Yujing's school life became increasingly busy since then, and she ________ (rare) had time to play the piano. 答案：rarely 9．All the books here, ________ contain beautiful pictures, were written by him. 答案：which 10．The play has remained a mystery because the ________ (produce) wants to surprise the audience. 答案：producer Ⅲ.选词填空 make an attempt to; on the contrary; in a bad mood; at sb's expense; fight infection; rely on; believe in; a series of; have an influence on; as if 1．I was tired of his cheap jokes ____________． 答案：at my expense 2．You cannot ____________ that fellow. What he does seldom agrees with what he says. 答案：rely on 3．We students should study hard and above all, we must ____________ ourselves. 答案：believe in 4．If the sun's activity were to change remarkably, it would ____________ global climate. 答案：have an influence on 5．These proteins do two things: they ____________ and they regulate deeper sleep. 答案：fight infection 6．No notice should be taken of what your mother says—she's just ____________． 答案：in a bad mood 7．I spent much time on ____________ boring stories in summer vacation. 答案：a series of 8．He looked ____________ he was going to smile. 答案：as if 9．Many people believe that hunger is only a problem in the developing countries. ____________， it is a problem all over the world. 答案：On the contrary 10．Some prisoners ____________ escape but failed. 答案：made an attempt to 课时语法精讲——副词 语法体验 单句语法填空 1．Everyone in it acts so ________ (brilliant)． 答案：brilliantly 2．Films like this ________ (rare) reach the big screen. 答案：rarely 3．The child plays ________ (happy) in his bedroom every evening. 答案：happily 4．We can go to this school ________ (free)． 答案：freely 语法讲座 一、副词的种类 副词用来修饰动词、形容词和其他副词，通常表示方式、地点或方位、时间、频率和程度。 1．方式副词 方式副词表示动词的行为方式，许多以­ly结尾的副词都是方式副词，如carefully, happily, quietly, heavily, warmly, correctly, politely, angrily等。方式副词在句中的位置比较灵活。 He read the letter slowly. 他从容不迫地看了那封信。 We could see very clearly a strange light ahead of us. 我们可以很清楚地看到在我们前方有一道奇怪的光。 名师点津 (1)有些方式副词和形容词同形，如high(高)，wide(宽), deep(深), close(近，接近)等。 That's a high mountain. 那是一座高山。(high用作形容词) He jumped so high. 他跳得很高。(high用作副词) (2)一般来讲，与形容词同形的方式副词表示具体概念，加­ly的副词表示抽象概念，如high(高)/highly(高高地，非常), wide(宽)/widely(广泛地), deep(深)/deeply(深入地，深深地), close(近，接近)/closely(亲密地)等。 The students often work deep into the night. 那些学生经常学习到深夜。 We were deeply moved by the movie. 我们被这部电影深深地打动了。 单句语法填空 ①They ________ (secret) decided to leave the town. ②She likes to do a thing ________ (proper)． ③Those scientists were ________ (high) thought of. ④She opened the window ________ (widely) to let in some fresh air. ⑤He looked ________ (curious) at everyone who got off the plane. 答案：①secretly　②properly　③highly　④wide　⑤curiously 2．地点/方位副词 地点副词表示事情发生的地点，方位副词通常表示方向或位置关系。常见的表示地点的副词有：here, there, home, upstairs, downstairs, anywhere, everywhere, nowhere, somewhere, elsewhere, abroad等；常见的表示方位的副词有：above, below, down, up, out, in, across, back, along, over, round, around, away, near, off, on, inside, outside, past等。 I remember having seen him somewhere. 我记得在什么地方见过他。 There you can find the boy. 在那里你可以找到那个男孩。 I was astonished to hear a big noise above. 我听到从上面传来一声巨响，非常吃惊。 名师点津 表示地点、方位的副词置于句首，且主语是名词时，句子需全部倒装。 There goes the bell. Let's go into the lecture hall. 铃响了。我们进入演讲大厅吧。 The door opened and out came a policeman. 门开了，走出来一名警察。 (1)用适当的地点/方位副词填空 ①Although I looked ________， I couldn't find it. ②He waved us goodbye and then drove ________． ③Class was over and ________ rushed the children. 答案：①everywhere　②away　③out (2)句型转换 ①Her diary about her new school life is below. →Below ______________ about her new school life. ②You can't find such a beautiful scene anywhere else. →Nowhere ____________________ such a beautiful scene. ③A bird is flying up in the sky. →Up in the sky ____________________． 答案：①is her diary　②can you find　③is flying a bird 3．时间副词 时间副词表示事情发生的时间。时间副词通常放在句子的开头或结尾，当表达某件事发生的时刻特别重要时，可以放在句子的开头。常见的时间副词有：now, then, soon, ago, recently, later, lately, finally, early, today, tomorrow, yesterday, tonight, immediately, already, just等。 We bought a new car recently. 我们最近买了一辆新车。 I haven't been going to the gym lately. 我最近没去健身房。 单句语法填空 ①The point of my question may not be ________ (immediate) apparent. ②I met her again three years ________ (late). ③Have you observed any changes ________ (late)? ④The performance ________ (final) started half an hour late. ⑤________ (soon) or later you will have to make a decision. 答案：①immediately　②later　③lately　④finally　⑤Sooner 4．频率副词 频率副词表示事情发生的频率，多置于实义动词之前，be动词、助动词、情态动词之后。常见的频率副词(词组)有：often, always, usually, frequently, seldom, ever, never, rarely, sometimes, occasionally, from time to time, every now and then, every two days等。 图解“频率”副词 They often volunteer to sweep the street. 他们经常自愿清扫街道。 My parents have always encouraged me in my choice of career. 在我选择职业时，父母总是鼓励我。 He sometimes writes to me. 他偶尔给我写封信。 名师点津 当表示否定的副词，如seldom, never, rarely置于句首时，句子要部分倒装。 Never in all my life have I heard such nonsense! 我这辈子从没听过这种废话！ (1)单句表达 ①她通常在星期六晚上出去。 She __________________________ on Saturday nights. ②我叔叔永远也不会忘记昨天发生在他身上的那件事。 My uncle ________________________ what happened to him yesterday. ③我们很少在要做的事情上看法一致。 We ____________________ what to do. 答案：①usually goes out　②will never forget　③rarely agree on (2)句型转换 ①I have never seen such a moving film. →Never ________________ such a moving film. ②He seldom goes to see a film. →Seldom ________________ to see a film. 答案：①have I seen　②does he go 5．程度副词 程度副词表示事情发展的程度，一般位于动词前，助动词与动词之间，形容词或副词前，enough除外。常见的程度副词有：much, (a) little, (a) bit, very, so, too, enough, quite, rather, pretty, fairly, extremely, almost, hardly等。 I almost forgot to bring my key. 我差点忘记带钥匙。 I could hardly believe it. 我几乎不能相信它。 He is old enough to go to school. 他满足年龄，可以上学了。 名师点津 有些程度副词两种形式意义完全不同，如hard(努力地)/hardly(几乎不), most(最)/mostly(大部分地，主要地), near(附近)/nearly(几乎)等。 She was studying hard at the university. 她在大学中学习很努力。 My legs were so weak I could hardly stand. 我的两腿发软，简直站不住了。 单句语法填空 ①I think this is ________ (extreme) unwise. ②It's ________ (near) time to leave. ③He has always treated me very ________ (fair)． ④My eyes were so swollen I could ________ (hard) see. ⑤What did you enjoy ________ (mostly)? 答案：①extremely　②nearly　③fairly　④hardly　⑤most 二、副词和副词词组作状语 1．以­ly结尾的副词作状语 副词的主要作用就是作状语，特别是以­ly结尾的副词，它们可以修饰动词、形容词、其他副词等。 You should listen carefully to the teacher in class. 在课堂上，你应该认真地听老师讲课。 Slowly he opened the door and left the house. 他慢慢地打开门，离开了房间。 Perhaps you're partly right. 或许你在某种程度上是对的。 名师点津 (1)某些以­ly结尾的副词可以充当连词引导状语从句，常见的有：immediately, directly, instantly等。 I gave him the money immediately I arrived home. 我一到家就把钱给他了。 (2)friendly, lively, lovely, likely, orderly, sickly, motherly, fatherly等形式像副词，而实际上为形容词。 He is very friendly to us. 他对我们很友好。 2．不以­ly结尾的副词作状语 还有相当多的副词不以­ly结尾，它们可以修饰动词，也可以修饰形容词或其他副词。 She speaks French well. 她法语讲得很好。 The bag isn't big enough. 这袋子不够大。 3．修饰整个句子的副词作状语 有一些副词可以修饰整个句子，表明说话人的态度，作句子的状语。常见的这类副词有：actually, briefly, certainly, clearly, fortunately, honestly, luckily, surprisingly, anyway等。 Honestly, I think you're very brave. 说真的，我认为你很勇敢。 Fortunately, he caught the last bus at the last moment. 幸运的是，他在最后一刻赶上了最后一班公共汽车。 单句语法填空 ①________ (actual), it would be much more sensible to do it later. ②________ (surprise), the baby survived the earthquake. ③I'm going to have to find a new apartment ________ (pretty) soon. ④The apples taste ________ and sell ________．(good) ⑤She looked sad at the news and looked ________ (sad) at the picture of her lost son. ⑥I have heard ________ (late) that the president was never late for work when he was alive. 答案：①Actually　②Surprisingly　③pretty　④good; well　⑤sadly　⑥lately Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．As a student, you should put a dictionary where it is ________ (easy) accessible. 答案：easily 2．The work is ________ (physical) demanding. 答案：physically 3．________ (general) speaking, women live longer than men. 答案：Generally 4．________ (psychological), the defeat was devastating. 答案：Psychologically 5．He ________ (usual) drives to work; it takes him about twenty minutes. 答案：usually 6．We ________ (occasion) meet for a drink after work. 答案：occasionally 7．He is a very serious man; he ________ (rare) smiles. 答案：rarely 8．There was a fire in the building, but ________ (thankful) no one was hurt. 答案：thankfully 9．The novel is a wonderful one; it's ________ (wonderful) written. 答案：wonderfully 10．________ (luck), the old man was not badly hurt; I think he was really lucky just now. 答案：Luckily Ⅱ.单句表达 1．由于努力学习，我最近在英语上取得了很大的进步。 Because of hard work, I have __________________________________________________． 答案：made great progress in English recently 2．约翰打开门，那里站着一个他从来没见过的女孩。 John opened the door; __________________________ he had never seen before. 答案：there stood a girl 3．任何人，不管是政府官员还是公共汽车司机，都应该受到同等的尊重。 Anyone, whether he is a government official or a bus driver, ______________________________． 答案：should be equally respected 4．这次损毁不可能是偶然因素造成的。 The damage couldn't ____________________________. 答案：have been caused accidentally 5．我们有望在天黑前到达。 ________， we'll arrive before dark. 答案：Hopefully 6．我很少在作业中出错。 Rarely __________________________ in my homework. 答案：do I make mistakes 7．不可否认的事实是，环境污染越来越严重了。 No one can deny the fact that the environment is getting polluted __________________________． 答案：more and more seriously 8．上周六的音乐会上，她那首歌唱得悦耳动听。 She ______________________________ at the concert last Saturday. 答案：sang the song beautifully 9．和我共事的人大多积极性很高。 I am working with ______________________________ people. 答案：mostly highly motivated 10．这是一个纯学术问题。 It is a __________________________. 答案：purely academic question 课后课时作业(三) 较易题(占比50%)　中档题(占比50%)　拔高题(占比0%) 题号 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ A B 难度 ★ ★★ ★★ ★ Ⅰ　阅读 A Australians are pretty bold (大胆的) when it comes to humor. Not afraid of saying something insulting (冒犯的) in the name of a good laugh, they generally don't hold back. This is always done in fun, however. You get yourself a haircut before going to meet your new Aussie friend. You're expecting to be praised, but what you hear is, “Did you have a fight with a lawnmower (割草机)？” You might take this as an insult, but it's just your friend's way of saying that you've had a haircut. Your friend comes knocking at your bedroom door one morning to tell you're late for class. You were up studying late the night before and you look a mess. Your friend thinks you need to put a brush through your hair before leaving, but instead of just saying so he says, “Wow. Your hair looks like a bush pig's arse.” He's trying to be nice. Australia is one of cultures on this planet where making fun of someone is a sign of friendship. If you find yourself being made fun of lots, it could be that you've scored yourself a whole lot of new friends. Consider yourself lucky—these insults are all part of building a relationship. Australians also use a lot of sarcasm (讽刺). You foolishly say something that's obvious (明显的). For example, “A six­pack of beer is named after the number of beers you get in the pack, the number being six.” A normal answer would be, “That is the most obvious statement I've ever heard”， but an Australian would say, “Really? You're so clever”． Now let's say your teacher tells you that there will be a test the following day. Australians might say, “Great. I can't wait to add preparing for a test to my already long to­do list. Thank__you__for__this__gift”． 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了澳大利亚人如何用幽默表达友好——例如用调侃代替赞美，以讽刺化解尴尬，并将其视为建立人际关系的纽带。 1．According to Paragraphs 2 and 3, Australians try to be humorous ________． A．by telling funny jokes B.by making fun of friends C．by laughing at themselves D.by showing unfriendliness 答案：B 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段和第三段内容“澳大利亚的朋友会以你的头发取乐”，以及其中的关键句“but it's just your friend's way of saying that you've had a haircut (但是这只是你朋友说你剪了头发的一种方式)”及“He's trying to be nice.(他在表示友好。)”可知，澳大利亚人试图通过取笑朋友来表现幽默感。故选B。 2．What does the author suggest you do when you are laughed at by an Australian? A．Accept it readily. B．Fight back bravely. C．Mind your behavior. D．End the relationship. 答案：A 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句“Consider yourself lucky—these insults are all part of building a relationship.(认为自己是幸运的——这些冒犯都是建立友谊的一部分。)”可推知，作者建议当你被澳大利亚人嘲笑的时候，你应该欣然接受。故选A。 3．What do Australians want to express by saying “Thank you for this gift” in the last paragraph? A．Dislike. B.Worry. C．Gladness. D.Thankfulness. 答案：A 解析：推理判断题。根据第五段第一句“Australians also use a lot of sarcasm (讽刺)．(澳大利亚人也会使用讽刺。)”和第六段第一句“Now let's say your teacher tells you that there will be a test the following day.(现在让我们假设一下，你的老师告诉你第二天有一场考试。)”可推知，“Thank you for this gift”用的是讽刺，表达的是相反的情绪，因此推测为不喜欢。故选A。 4．How is the text mainly developed? A．By telling stories. B.By making comparisons. C．By providing examples. D.By examining differences. 答案：C 解析：推理判断题。文中在说明澳大利亚人如何表达幽默和讽刺的时候，使用了大量的例子。由此可推知，本文主要是通过举例来展开的。故选C。 B Astronauts have traditionally been serious, sensible types with the “right stuff” who can be trusted to fly equipment worth billions of pounds. But any mission to Mars will need a “joker”or “class clown” figure to be successful, according to NASA research. A sense of humor will be vital for any team to keep morale (士气) high on a two­year trip to Mars which could happen in the 2030s. Professor Johnson said, “Groups work best when they have somebody who takes on the role of the class clown. These are people that have the ability to bridge gaps when tensions appear and really boost morale. We can all think of the person at work who fulfills this role, who makes us laugh and makes the job more enjoyable. People like being around them.” “When you're living with others in a confined space for a long period of time, such as on a mission to Mars, tensions are likely to increase. It's vital you have somebody who can help everyone get along, so they can do their jobs and get there and back safely. It's critical to the mission.” Professor Johnson said that the reason Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen succeeded where Captain Scott failed in reaching the South Pole was because the Norwegians had a cheerful “clown” figure on their team. Professor Johnson said, “Amundsen had a cook named Adolf Lindstrom. People described him as being someone who laughed and was very friendly and very happy, an entertainer, keeping up people's spirits. In Amundsen's diary he said he had offered greater service to the Norwegian polar expedition than any other man. He was the clown of that expedition. Scott's expedition was radically different. They broke into cliques (派系); they didn't have a cohesive group.” But he added, “being funny won't be enough to land somebody the job. They also need to be an excellent scientist and engineer and be able to pass a rigorous training system.” Clowns have to be positive. It's pretty universal that group dynamics happen in very similar ways across all human groups. The joker role will be tested in NASA's group mission simulations at the Johnson Space Center. 篇章导读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了NASA(美国国家航空航天局)欲招募“搞笑”宇航员，以及介绍了这一角色的重要性。 5．What does Johnson think of class clowns? A．They prefer laughing at themselves. B.They like being around others. C．They can work best in a team. D.They can bring people together. 答案：D 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“These are people that have the ability to bridge gaps when tensions appear and really boost morale.(这些人有能力在紧张情绪出现时消除隔阂，并真正鼓舞士气。)”可知，Johnson(约翰逊)认为“班级小丑”可以把人们聚集在一起，消除人们之间的隔阂。故选D。 6．Why does a trip to Mars need a joker? A．He/She can keep sensible when in trouble. B．He/She can ensure the safety of the explorers. C．He/She can be serious about the long journey. D．He/She can ease the anxiety and stress among astronauts. 答案：D 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“But any mission to Mars will need a ‘joker’ or ‘class clown’ figure to be successful, according to NASA research. A sense of humor will be vital for any team to keep morale (士气) high on a two­year trip to Mars which could happen in the 2030s.(但是据美国国家航空航天局研究，任何去往火星的任务将需要一名‘幽默搞笑的人’或‘班级小丑’一样的人物才能获得成功。为期两年的火星之旅可能发生在21世纪30年代，幽默感对任何去往火星的团队保持士气高涨都至关重要。)”可知，火星之旅需要幽默搞笑的人的原因是可以缓解宇航员的焦虑和压力。故选D。 7．How did Adolf Lindstrom contribute to the polar exploration? A．By keeping the teammates entertained. B．By cooking delicious and nutritious food. C．By breaking the team into cliques. D．By providing the explorers with good service. 答案：A 解析：推理判断题。根据第五段中的“Amundsen had a cook named Adolf Lindstrom. People described him as being someone who laughed and was very friendly and very happy, an entertainer, keeping up people's spirits.(Amundsen (阿蒙森)有一名叫Adolf Lindstrom(阿道夫·林德斯特伦)的厨师。人们说Adolf风趣幽默，非常快活，是团队的开心果，让大家精神饱满。)”可推知， Adolf Lindstrom为极地探险做出了贡献，是因为他让队友们感到愉快，让大家精神饱满。故选A。 8．What might be the best title for the text? A．NASA is training astronauts to be humorous B．NASA is training clowns to entertain astronauts C．NASA is looking for jokers as astronauts D．NASA is preparing astronauts for the journey to Mars 答案：A 解析：标题判断题。阅读文章内容，并结合最后一段“The joker role will be tested in NASA's group mission simulations at the Johnson Space Center.(负责幽默搞笑的人将在美国宇航局约翰逊航天中心的团队任务模拟中进行测试。)”可知，本文主要讲述了NASA欲招募“搞笑”宇航员。故选A。 Ⅱ　七选五 Steps to Improve Your Humour If you want to know how to get funnier in your personal and business life, here are the exact lines, methods, and practical strategies. Give the opposite answer to yes/no questions. The easiest way to be funny, even if you are not, is to give the opposite answer to yes/no questions. Yes, it is that simple. The more obvious, the better. __1__ So they laugh. Then you can move on to your real story. 　Use a character switch. When we tell a story, there are usually multiple characters. More often than not, people will make assumptions about them. For example, Little Red Riding Hood is the vulnerable (易受伤害的) one, and the Big Bad Wolf is the dangerous one. But what if you switch personas around and the Big Bad Wolf suddenly is vulnerable? __2__ 　Play with numbers. One way to be surprising is to play with numbers. __3__ Why? Because numbers are specific. To be surprising, all you have to do is build up people's expectation to be the opposite of what that number suggests. Use real­life stories, not jokes. 　__4__ A joke is a fake story that sets up for a punchline (笑点). If the punchline falls flat, you end up looking like a fool. Rather than tell jokes, funny people tell relevant stories that have humorous elements. __5__ 　When you have a funny idea or joke, it's hard not to share it right away. But the best­placed pun (俏皮话) is actually at the end. Put the funny part at the end of the sentence. That way, you're not still talking when the audience is meant to be laughing. This also makes your timing look awesome. A．Delay (拖延) the funny. B．You don't have to tell a new joke. C．If you have a funny thought, record it as an audio note. D．Actually, jokes are harder to tell in real life than stories. E．Numbers are your best friend when it comes to being funny. F．The moment you give the opposite answer, you have surprised your audience. G．That's when people's assumptions are overturned and things become really funny. 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在生活和工作中提升自己幽默感的几个实用策略。 1．答案：F 解析：上文“The easiest way ... The more obvious, the better.(即使你本身不幽默，最简单的变幽默的方法就是对是非问题给出相反答案。是的，就这么简单。越明显越好。)”建议通过给出相反答案变幽默，下文“So they laugh. Then you can move on to your real story.(所以他们会笑。然后你可以继续讲你的真实故事。)”提到给出相反答案能让人发笑，F项(当你给出相反答案的那一刻，你就给你的听众带来了惊喜。)承上启下，解释了给出相反答案能带来的效果。故选F。 2．答案：G 解析：上文“But what if you switch personas around and the Big Bad Wolf suddenly is vulnerable? (但如果你转换角色，大灰狼突然变得脆弱会怎样？)”提出角色转换的假设。G项(就在这时，人们的假设被推翻，事情变得非常有趣。)承接上文，解释了这种角色转换带来的有趣效果。故选G。 3．答案：E 解析：本段小标题“Play with numbers.”建议要利用数字提高幽默感，下文“Why? Because numbers ... that number suggests.(为什么？因为数字是具体的。为了让人感到惊讶，你所要做的就是让人们的期望与数字所暗示的相反。)”解释了利用数字的原因和方法。E项(说到幽默，数字是你最好的朋友。)引出下文，且符合本段主旨。故选E。 4．答案：D 解析：本段小标题“Use real­life stories, not jokes.”提到使用真实故事而非笑话，下文“A joke is a fake story ... have humorous elements.(笑话是一个为了制造笑点而编造的假故事，如果笑点不奏效，你最终会看起来像个傻瓜，有趣的人不是讲笑话，而是讲有幽默元素的相关故事。)”进一步解释了为什么不用笑话而用真实故事。D项(实际上，在现实生活中讲笑话比讲故事更难。)引出下文。故选D。 5．答案：A 解析：设空处为本段小标题。下文“When you have ... makes your timing look awesome.(当你有一个有趣的想法或笑话时，很难不马上分享。但最恰当的俏皮话实际上在结尾。把有趣的部分放在句子的末尾。这样，当观众应该笑的时候，你就不会还在说话，这也会让你的时机看起来很棒。)”主要讲述了要延迟展现幽默的部分。A项(延迟幽默。)概括本段主旨。故选A。 Ⅲ　完形填空 Alice is a student who came to my class last year. Though she has already turned 60, Alice looks so fit and __1__， with a bright smile and an enthusiastic attitude. I am Alice's teacher in class, but I feel she is my teacher in life. For my 2­hour class every Saturday morning, Alice has to take a 3­hour round­trip on the road. But she is never __2__ for class. Alice is very passionate about learning English. She often says, “Don't __3__ me as a 60­year­old. I am just a new beginner who wants to learn anything __4__. You know, I am very excited to come to the class！” So I feel a strong sense of __5__ to make sure what I teach makes sense to her. Alice came to me with very __6__ English skills, but she turns out to be a very fast learner because she always puts English __7__ on a daily basis. I __8__ her homework before every class. Her homework is usually not what I __9__ for the class, rather it is something that she __10__ to put together. She makes various sentences using the important words and phrases she learned from our __11__ class. I am always __12__ by the quality of her work. I feel fortunate to have a student like Alice. She has __13__ me so much. Our __14__ is a great learning experience for both of us. Though I have no idea why she learns English, I hope I can help her __15__ her dream, whatever it is. 篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了60岁的Alice (爱丽丝)对学习英语很有激情，而且学习积极主动，让身为老师的作者深受触动。他们之间的互动对两人而言都是宝贵的学习体验。 1．A.strong B.cheerful C.generous D.proud 答案：B 解析：句意：虽然Alice已经60岁了，但她看起来很健康，很开朗，笑容灿烂，态度热情。 strong 强壮的；cheerful 开朗的，高兴的；generous 慷慨的；proud 自豪的。根据后文“with a bright smile and an enthusiastic attitude”可知，Alice是爱笑且开朗的人。故选B。 2．A.anxious B.ready C.late D.meant 答案：C 解析：根据前文“For my 2­hour class every Saturday morning, Alice has to take a 3­hour round­trip on the road. But she is never”可知，虽然Alice每次上课来回要花三个小时，但是她从不迟到，but表示转折。故选C。 3．A.treat B.recognize C.mistake D.describe 答案：A 解析：treat 对待；recognize 识别；mistake 弄错；describe 描述。根据后文“me as a 60­year­old”可知，此处是指将Alice当作60岁的人。treat ... as “把……当作，看作”。故选A。 4．A.carefully B.properly C.literally D.eagerly 答案：D 解析：句意：我只是一个初学者，渴望学习任何东西。carefully 仔细地；properly 适当地；literally 照字面地；eagerly 渴望地。根据前文“Alice is very passionate about learning English.”可知，Alice对学英语很渴望。故选D。 5．A.humor B.achievement C.responsibility D.belonging 答案：C 解析：句意：所以我有一种强烈的责任感，要确保我教的东西对她有意义。humor 幽默；achievement 成就；responsibility 责任；belonging 所有物。故选C。 6．A.special B.basic C.effective D.complicated 答案：B 解析：special 特别的；basic 基本的；effective 有效的； complicated 复杂的。结合后文“but she turns out to be a very fast learner”可推知，为转折关系，Alice来的时候英语技能很基础，但是她学得很快。故选B。 7．A.in place B.in motion C.in order D.in use 答案：D 解析：句意：Alice来找我的时候英语很基础，但她学得很快，因为她总是在日常生活中使用英语。in place 适当；in motion 在运转中；in order 整齐；in use 在使用中。故选D。 8．A.copy B.check C.mention D.prepare 答案：B 解析：句意：每节课前我都会检查她的家庭作业。copy 复制；check 检查；mention 提到；prepare 准备。故选B。 9．A.adjusted B.saved C.assigned D.collected 答案：C 解析：adjust 调整；save 拯救；assign 布置，分配；collect 收集。此处是指她的家庭作业并非是作者为班级布置的。故选C。 10．A.volunteers B.agrees C．promises D.hesitates 答案：A 解析：volunteer 志愿；agree 同意；promise 承诺；hesitate 犹豫。根据“rather”可知，Alice的家庭作业并非是作者为班级布置的，而是她自愿做的。故选A。 11．A.lively B.previous C.typical D.flexible 答案：B 解析：句意：她用我们先前课上学到的重要单词和短语造不同的句子。lively 活泼的；previous 早先的，以前的；typical 典型的；flexible 灵活的。此处是指从先前课上学习到的单词短语。故选B。 12．A.encouraged B.annoyed C.confused D.impressed 答案：D 解析：结合前文的描述来看，Alice自发地写作业，而且作业质量还很高，所以她的家庭作业给作者留下了深刻印象。故选D。 13．A.taught B.entertained C.guaranteed D.permitted 答案：A 解析：teach 教授；entertain 娱乐；guarantee 保证；permit 允许。根据第一段中的“but I feel she is my teacher in life”可知，Alice也教会了作者很多事情。故选A。 14．A.appointment B.arrangement C.interaction D.cooperation 答案：C 解析：句意：我们的互动对我们俩来说都是一次很好的学习经历。appointment 任命； arrangement 安排； interaction 互动；cooperation 合作。故选C。 15．A.play about with B.try out for C.let go of D.get closer to 答案：D 解析：句意：虽然我不知道她为什么学英语，但我希望能帮助她接近她的梦想，无论它是什么。play about with 玩弄； try out for 竞争；let go of 放手；get closer to 接近，靠近。故选D。 课后课时作业(四) 较易题(占比50%)　中档题(占比50%)　拔高题(占比0%) 题号 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ A B 难度 ★ ★ ★★ ★★ Ⅰ　完形填空 The science teacher, Mr Black, had asked his students to study a particular animal. They were asked to write a short report and then make a __1__ in class. Some talked about dogs, others about horses, and some chose fish. But the most __2__ discovery of all was made by little Sophie. “I found that __3__ are terribly bad­tempered，” she said for certain. Everyone smiled, waiting for her to __4__. Then Sophie explained, “I spent hours __5__ flies. When they flew normally, everything was okay, but when they found a window they would make a noisy sound. I had always thought they make that noise __6__ their wings, but they don't. With my daddy's binoculars (双筒望远镜), I watched the flies really __7__， and saw that what they were doing was shouting. They were angry because they __8__ fly out of the window. Later, a butterfly passing by the window tried to __9__ them the top of the window was open, but it had no effect at all. The flies just __10__ shouting.” Mr Black laughed and explained to the class that the flies' behaviour had nothing to do with __11__. Instead, it was an example of animals having different levels of intelligence (智力). At the __12__ of the class, Mr Black asked the students to bring a list of animals in order of their intelligence. What surprised Mr Black was that many parents came to the school to __13__ the next day, because their children had listed their parents among the least __14__ animals! This, said the children, was because their parents did nothing but complain. Mr Black had to do a lot of explaining to calm the parents down. However, it also helped some of the parents __15__ that although they weren't stupid, they didn't often behave very intelligently. 篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。科学老师要求学生研究动物，然后写一篇相关的报告并在课堂上作一个演讲。其中小索菲关于苍蝇的发现和演讲最有趣。 1．A.word B.speech C．performance D.wish 答案：B 解析：句意：他们被要求写一篇简短的报告，然后在课堂上发表演讲。make a speech “发表演讲”。故选B。 2．A.challenging B.terrible C．interesting D.important 答案：C 解析：根据下文“Everyone smiled, waiting for her to __4__．”可知，小索菲的发现最有趣(interesting)，所以把大家都逗笑了。故选C。 3．A.dogs B.horses C.fish D.flies 答案：D 解析：根据下文“I spent hours __5__ flies.”可知，小索菲花了几个小时研究的动物是苍蝇。因此，她发现苍蝇(fly)脾气很坏。故选D。 4．A.look B.stay C.leave D.continue 答案：D 解析：根据下文“Then Sophie explained”可知，此处是指大家等着小索菲继续(continue)作进一步的解释。故选D。 5．A.watching B.enjoying C.talking D.thinking 答案：A 解析：根据下文“When they flew normally, everything was okay, but when they found a window they would make a noisy sound.”可知，小索菲观察到，当苍蝇正常飞行时，一切正常，但当它们发现一个窗口，它们会发出嘈杂的声音。根据语境可知，这些细节是她细心观察(watch)到的。故选A。 6．A.on B.for C.with D.about 答案：C 解析：句意：我一直以为它们是用翅膀发出那种声音，但事实上不是。介词with表示使用工具，此处是指苍蝇用(with)翅膀发出声音。故选C。 7．A.closely B.quietly C.quickly D.safely 答案：A 解析：根据上文“With my daddy's binoculars (双筒望远镜)”可知，为了能观察得更清楚，小索菲用爸爸的望远镜能更近地(closely)观察苍蝇。故选A。 8．A.couldn't B.shouldn't C.needn't D.mustn't 答案：A 解析：根据下文“Later, a butterfly passing by the window tried to __9__ them the top of the window was open, but it had no effect at all.”可知，窗户的上端是打开的，但是苍蝇并不知道。因此，苍蝇不能(couldn't)飞出去。故选A。 9．A.ask B.tell C.answer D.call 答案：B 解析：句意：后来，一只蝴蝶从窗户旁边经过，试图告诉(tell)它们窗户的上端是开着的，但是一点效果都没有。故选B。 10．A.took on B.counted on C．kept on D.lived on 答案：C 解析：take on 承担；count on 指望； keep on 继续； live on 靠(……钱)生活。根据上文“but it had no effect at all”可知，苍蝇找不到出口，还不听蝴蝶的建议。因此，只能继续地叫。故选C。 11．A.happiness B.temper C．beauty D.shape 答案：B 解析：句意：布莱克先生笑着向全班同学解释说，苍蝇的行为与脾气无关。happiness 幸福； temper 脾气；beauty 美丽；shape 形状。故选B。 12．A.start B.middle C.half D.end 答案：D 解析：根据上文及下文“Mr Black asked the students to bring a list of animals in order of their intelligence”可知，此处是指同学们演讲完了，在课堂最后(end)，老师作总结并给大家布置了作业。故选D。 13．A.praise B.complain C.doubt D.play 答案：B 解析：句意：让布莱克先生吃惊的是，第二天很多家长来学校抱怨，因为他们的孩子把父母列为最不聪明的动物！praise 赞扬；complain 抱怨； doubt 怀疑；play 玩耍。故选B。 14．A.brave B.humorous C.clever D.kind 答案：C 解析：根据下文“because their parents did nothing but complain”和“although they weren't stupid, they didn't often behave very intelligently”可知，这里指孩子们认为他们的父母只会抱怨，因此将父母列入最不聪明的动物名单中。故选C。 15．A.realize B.think C.wake D.believe 答案：A 解析：根据上文及下文“although they weren't stupid, they didn't often behave very intelligently”可知，家长被他们的孩子列入最不聪明的动物名单中，这让他们反思了自己，认识到(realize)平时对待孩子的不理智行为。故选A。 Ⅱ　阅读 A The British are known for their sense of humor. However, it is often difficult for foreigners to understand their jokes. The main point to remember is that the British often use understatement. Understatement means saying less than you think or feel. For example, if someone gets very wet in a shower of rain, he might say, “It's a little damp outside.” Or, if someone is very impolite and shouts at another person, someone else might say, “She isn't exactly friendly.” Understatement is often used in unpleasant situation or to make another person look silly. Understatement plays an important part in British humor. Another key to understanding British humor is that the British like to make fun of themselves as well as others. They often laugh about the silly and unpleasant things that happen to our everyday life when someone accidentally falls over in the street. They also like to make jokes about people from different classes of society. They like to make jokes about their accents, the way they dress and the way they behave. What's more, the British love to watch comedies about people who do not know how to behave in society. The comedies series Mr Bean is a good example of this kind of humor. Mr Bean is the character created by British actor Rowan Atkinson in 1990. Mr Bean doesn't talk often, and instead he uses his body movement and facial expressions to make people laugh. Perhaps what makes Mr Bean so funny is that he does things that adults in the real world cannot do. Mr Bean is popular in many countries around the world because you do not have to speak English to understand the humor. Because of this, many people have become familiar with the British sense of humor. 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。作者以影片《憨豆先生》为例，介绍了英式幽默的特点以及理解英国人的幽默的两个关键点。 1．Why is it difficult for foreigners to understand British jokes? A．The British often use overstatement. B．The British try to understate something. C．British jokes are not as funny as jokes in other countries. D．British jokes are connected with many different cultures. 答案：B 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“it is often difficult for foreigners to understand their jokes. The main point to remember is that the British often use understatement”可知，外国人往往很难理解英国人的笑话是因为英国人经常使用轻描淡写的说法。故选B。 2．The author explains understatement by ________． A．describing a process B．making comparisons C．following time order D．using examples 答案：D 解析：推理判断题。第二段中关于英国人的轻描淡写，文章举了两个例子“For example, if someone gets very wet in a shower of rain, he might say, ‘It's a little damp outside.’ Or, if someone is very impolite and shouts at another person, someone else might say, ‘She isn't exactly friendly.’”由此可推知，作者是通过举例说明英国人的轻描淡写。故选D。 3．Mr Bean makes others laugh by ________． A．using his body movement and facial expressions B．making jokes about others' accent C．copying how others behave D．telling funny stories 答案：A 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Mr Bean doesn't talk often, and instead he uses his body movement and facial expressions to make people laugh.”可知，憨豆先生不是通过说话，而是通过他的肢体动作和面部表情让人们发笑。故选A。 4．What can be the best title for the text? A．British Humor in Comedy B.Humor in Different Cultures C．Understanding British Humor D.Developing Your Sense of Humor 答案：C 解析：标题判断题。文章第一段最后一句提到“The main point to remember is that the British often use understatement.”要理解英国人的幽默，要记住英国人通常对一些事情是轻描淡写；第三段中提到“Another key to understanding British humor is that the British like to make fun of themselves as well as others.”理解英式幽默的另一个关键是，英国人喜欢拿自己和别人开玩笑。因此文章是介绍和理解英国人的幽默的两个关键。由此可知，C项(理解英国人的幽默)最适合作为文章标题。故选C。 B Robots are increasingly being developed to think and act like humans. But one common human quality that has been difficult for engineers to recreate in machines is humor. Most robots are powered by artificial intelligence, or AI. Some have performed better than humans in tests designed to measure machine intelligence. Computer scientists have also hoped to give robots technical skills to help them recognize, process and react to humor. But these attempts have mostly failed. 　 Kiki Hempelmann is a computational language expert who studies humor at Texas A&M University. “Artificial intelligence will never get jokes like humans do，” he told the Associated Press. The main problem, Hempelmann says, is that robots completely miss the context of humor. 　Tristan Miller is a computer scientist and linguist at Darmstadt University of Technology in Germany. In one research project, he studied more than 10，000 puns (双关语)． 　Puns are a kind of joke that uses a word with two meanings. For example, you could say, “Balloons do not like pop music.” The word “pop” can be a way of saying popular music; or, “pop” can be the sound a balloon makes when it explodes. But a robot might not get the joke. Tristan Miller says that is because humor is a kind of creative language that is extremely difficult for computer intelligence to understand. 　 Despite the difficulties, Darmstadt University's Miller says there are good reasons to keep trying to teach humor to robots. It could make machines more relatable, especially if they can learn to understand sarcasm (讽刺), he noted. Humans use sarcasm to say one thing but mean another. 　But Texas A&M's Kiki Hempelmann is not sure such attempts are a good idea. “Teaching AI systems humor is dangerous because they may find it where it isn't, and they may use it where it's inappropriate，” he said. “Maybe bad AI will start killing people because it thinks it is funny，” he added. 篇章导读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了让机器人习得幽默理解能力的挑战以及科学家们对教授智能机器人习得幽默理解能力的不同观点。 5．Which is difficult for robots to gain according to the passage? A．Thinking. B.Humor. C．Intelligence. D.Action. 答案：B 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“But one common human quality ... to recreate in machines is humor.”可知，工程师们很难在机器上重现人类的一个共同品质，那就是幽默。因此，幽默感是机器人难以获得的。故选B。 6．What does Kiki mean by saying robots' missing the context of humor? a．They lack creativity and skills. b．They have no sense of humor at all. c．They don't understand the situation. d．They have no related ideas that make a joke funny. A．ab B.ac C．bd D.cd 答案：D 解析：推理判断题。Kiki Hempelmann (基基·亨佩尔曼)所说的“robots' missing the context of humor”是对于第四段中“Artificial intelligence will never get jokes like humans do (人工智能永远不会像人类那样懂得笑话)”的补充解释。结合第三段提及“Computer scientists have also hoped to give robots technical skills to help them recognize, process and react to humor.(计算机科学家还希望赋予机器人技术技能，帮助它们识别、处理和对幽默做出反应。)”可推知，c.(他们不了解情况。)和d.(他们没有相关的想法，使一个笑话有趣。)符合题意。故选D。 7．What's the main idea of the last paragraph? A．The risk of teaching humor to AI. B．The necessity of making AI smart. C．The reason to keep robots humorous. D．The possibility of robot understanding humor. 答案：A 解析：段落大意题。根据最后一段中的“Teaching AI systems humor is dangerous ... it's inappropriate(教授人工智能系统幽默是危险的，因为他们可能会在不该幽默的地方发现幽默，并在不合适的地方使用幽默)”以及“bad AI will start killing people because ... is funny(坏的人工智能会开始杀人，因为它认为这很有趣)”可知，本段主要讲述了Kiki Hempelmann认为教授人工智能系统幽默是有风险的，并举例进行了解释。A项可概括本段主旨。故选A。 8．Which is the best title of the passage? A．To Be Smarter, Be Humorous B．AI Can Get Jokes Like Humans C．How to Help Robots Learn Humor? D．Why Robot Humor Mostly Falls Flat 答案：D 解析：标题判断题。根据第一段“Robots are increasingly being developed to think and act like humans. But one common human quality that has been difficult for engineers to recreate in machines is humor.(机器人正越来越多地被开发得像人类一样思考和行动。但工程师们很难在机器上重现人类的一个共同品质，那就是幽默。)”可知，文章主要围绕“在智能机器人身上体现幽默感的困难性与学界争议”展开。D项(为什么机器人的幽默大多没有效果)最适合作为文章标题。故选D。 Ⅲ　应用文写作 “幽默感”被认为是人类最重要的品质之一。请你用英语写一篇短文陈述幽默的好处。要点如下： 1．促进学习； 2．有益健康； 3．缓解压力； 4．增进友谊。 注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右； 2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 [精彩范文] A sense of humor is considered to be one of the most important human qualities which improve our lives in different ways. Firstly, at school, a humorous teacher can help students focus their attention very easily, and the students will become more active and creative when experiencing the joy of learning. Secondly, humor has a positive effect on our health. It's said that laughter is the best medicine. Thirdly, humor helps us remove stress and have a positive attitude toward life. Finally, I believe humor can be a powerful and delightful way to establish close friendships with people. 43 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$