Unit 6 Earth first（重难词汇精练）英语外研版2019必修第二册

Unit 6 Earth first 重难词汇精练 词汇夯基·专项突破 1 题型一、词性转换 1 题型二、核心短语 2 题型三、单句语法填空 3 题型四、单词拼写 3 题型五、完成句子 4 综合攻坚·能力跃升 5 题型一、语法填空 5 题型二、阅读理解 5 题型一、词性转换 1. scare v. 使(某人)惊恐,吓唬→ adj. 可怕的→ adj. 害怕的;惊恐的 2. fortunately adv. 幸运地→(反义) adv. 不幸地→ adj. 幸运的→  adj. 不幸的 3. extinction n. 灭绝,绝种→ adj. 不再存在的；已灭绝的 4. establish v. 建立,设立→ n. 建立；设立 5. reduce v. 减少,降低→ n. 减少;下降 6. smog n. 烟雾,雾霾→ adj. 烟雾弥漫的 7. permission n. 允许;许可→ v. 允许;许可 8. majority n. 多数,大多数(人或物)→ adj. 重大的 v. 主修 n. 专业 9. concerned adj. 焦急的,担忧的→ vt. 使担忧;涉及 n. 担忧→ prep. 关于 10. contribute v. 促成,造成(某事发生) → n. 贡献 11. remove v. 移走,搬走,去掉→ n. 移走；拿去；去掉；消除 12. fog n. 雾→ adj. 有雾的 13. reusable adj. 可再度使用的,可多次使用的→ vt. 再利用 14. severe adj.(问题、伤势、疾病等)很严重的→ adv.严重地；严厉地  15. infection n. 感染,传染病→ vt. 感染;传染→  adj. 传染的;传染性的  16. urge v.竭力主张,强烈要求,敦促→ adj. 紧急 的;紧迫的→ n. 紧急;催促  17. renewable adj.(能源)可更新的,可再生的,可恢复的→  v.重新开始;更新  18. sustainable adj. 可持续的→ v.维持;使稳定→ adv. 可持续地  19. adopt v.采取(某种方法)→ adj. 收养的;领养 的→ n. 收养;采用  20. dive v.(通常指使用呼吸设备的)潜水→ n.潜 水→ n.潜水员;跳水者  21. devote v. 致力,献身,倾注→ adj. 挚爱的;忠 诚的→ n.奉献;专心  22. cruelty n. 残忍,残酷,残暴→ adj. 残忍的→  adv.残忍地  23. hunting n. 打猎,狩猎→ v. 打猎;猎取;搜寻→ n.猎人  24. presentation n. 报告,(观点的)陈述,说明→ vt.呈现；展示；说明 题型二、核心短语 1. 1 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1． 害怕地 2． 害怕……；对……感到恐惧 3． ……的数量 4． 由于，因为 5. 切掉；切断；中断 6． 对……有影响 7． 偶遇；留下印象 8． 被……覆盖 9． 把……看作…… 10． 而不是；宁可……也不愿 11． 相反，倒过来 12． 错误地；由于差错 13． 保护……免于…… 14． 愿意做某事 15． 投身于，致力于 16． 目的在于…… 17． 参加，参与 18． 阻止……做某事 19． 照顾，照料 20． 大多数 21． 采取措施做…… 22． 把……误认为…… 23． 分解；发生故障；失败；衰弱 24． 关上 25． 在某些情况下 26． 把……考虑进去 27． 依赖，依靠 28． 意识到 题型三、单句语法填空 1. In our school, students can’t leave school during weekdays without________(permit). 2. __________(fortunate), I managed to join the navy and went on a voyage two months later. 3. Bathe every other day if you’re________ (concern) about saving water or a skin condition. 4. The child was scared_____________ the fierce-looking dog. 5. So I ran back home almost in the dark while trying not to get too ________ (scare). 6. He hurried to the station, only ________ (tell) that the train had left. 7. It rained heavily, _________ (cause) severe flooding in that country. 8. Little Tom sat ________(amaze) watching the monkey dancing in front of him. 9. He was fond of ________（dive）from an early age and he enjoys the wonderful creatures on the ocean floor. 10. The men lost their way in a sandstorm and crossed the border ________ mistake. 11. The trees themselves also have an effect ________ the climate. 12. I truly appreciate all your ________(devote) and achievement, which will surely contribute to the spread of Chinese culture. 13. I feel that I’ve been given a second life to devote ________ something meaningful and enormous. 14. Water is ________ short supply, and there is no affordable housing left for them to buy. 15. The lounge was well supplied ________ drinking water. 16. All in all, a ________(reduce)of the current heavy load will certainly benefit them. 17. Costs have been reduced ________ 20% over the past year. 18. Recent years have seen an increase in campaigns (运动) for the ________(reduce) of smog due to its harmful effects towards both humans and the environment. 19. The manager was satisfied to see many new products ___________（develop） after great effort. 20. I need a new passport so I will have to have my photographs ________ (take). 21. I always ask how much time I have to make my ________(present). 22. No one had been able to escape the ________(cruel)of war at that time. 23. The government should do more to promote ________(sustain)agriculture. 24. I think you’ve got an ________(infect), so you need to have a rest. 25. Most nurses are women, but in the higher ranks of the medical profession men are ________ the majority. 26. Many people think that sharks are________(danger) fish in the ocean. 27. Due to the cruelty of sharks, people are________(scare) of them. 28. ________(dive) into the sea, one might become the target of a shark attack. 29. Through the slide presentations, we find that too much hunting will contribute ________the extinction of sharks. 30. This summer, natural disasters like droughts and floods caused much damage ________our environment. 题型四、单词拼写 1.They managed to (吓唬)the bears away. 2.Pollution is pushing this animal to the very edge of (灭绝)． 3.He (潜水) into the water and rescued the drowning boy. 4. (幸运的是), the fire was discovered soon after it had started. 5.He wrote a series of articles, hoping to change people’s (态度) towards the disabled. 6.The visit was (把……作为目标) to develop relations between the two countries. 7.We want people to discover that a (鲨鱼) is an amazing animal that needs our protection. 8.Regular exercise and a balanced diet (贡献) significantly to our overall health. 9.With the development of technology, our daily life is becoming more and more dependent on (电). 10.Modern (电器) like smart phones and laptops have greatly changed the way we live and work. 11.Without the teacher’s (准许), no one is allowed to leave the classroom during the class. 12.The earthquake brought (严重的) damage to the small town, leaving many people homeless. 13.The government plans to (发放) more funds to support the local education. 14.If you don’t take good care of the wound, there is a risk of getting an (感染). 15.The (温室) effect has become a global concern, leading to rising temperatures. 16.We should encourage the use of (可再生的) resources such as wind and solar power. 17. (可持续的) development is the key to ensuring a better future for generations to come. 18.His (演讲) about historical events was so vivid that it held everyone’s attention. 19.The movie (强调) the complex relationship between humans and nature. 20. (打猎) endangered species is strictly prohibited by law to protect biodiversity. 题型五、完成句子 1.过度捕杀极大地影响了野生动物的数量。 Hunting too much greatly. 2.一些动物已经绝迹，另一些动物处境危险。 Some animals ; others are . 3.政府已经关注了这个状况，并采取了一系列措施。 Our government ________ and ________. 4. 一系列的法律已付诸实施。 A series of laws . 5. 我们会成功地阻止情况的恶化。 We’ll . 6. 在他看来，无论鲨鱼攻击人类还是人类猎杀鲨鱼，这是一个生死攸关的问题。 In his opinion, it is ________ whether sharks attack humans or ________. 7. 严重的洪水和干旱会导致疾病传染，并对我们的生活产生意想不到的影响。 ________can cause disease infections and________ our lives. 8. 我们必须采取有效措施以便减少二氧化碳的排放。 We must________ to reduce________. 9. 政府发起了一场节电运动，并敦促所有公民积极参与。 The government launched________ and________ to take an active part in it. 10.如果家用电器漏电，让其处于待机模式也是无用的。 ________ putting a home appliance in stand-by mode if ________. 题型一、语法填空 Wildlife in decline The populations of the Earth’s wild vertebrates (脊椎动物) have declined by 69% over the past four decades, according to the Living Planet Report 2022 published by the World Wildlife Fund. Climate change and activities such as deforestation and poaching (偷猎) are in large part 1 (blame) for the decline. 2 the trend continues, the world will lose two-thirds of its vertebrate biodiversity. “Sadly, there is no sign yet 3 this rate will decrease,” the report says. “Across land, freshwater and the oceans, human activities are forcing wildlife populations to the edge,” says Marco Lambertini, director-general of WWF International. The Living Planet Report is published every two years. It aims to provide an assessment of the state of the world’s wildlife. The study included 3,700 different species of birds, fish, mammals, amphibians and reptiles around the world. The team collected data from more than 3,000 sources, including government statistics and surveys 4 (carry) out by conservation groups. They then analysed 5 the population sizes had changed over time. Lambertini said some groups of animals had done 6 (bad) than others. “We do see particularly strong declines in the freshwater environment. For freshwater species alone, the decline stands at 81% since 1970. This is related to the way that water 7 (use) and taken out of freshwater systems, and also to the fragmentation (分裂) of freshwater systems through dam building, for example.” The report also highlighted other species, such as African elephants, 8 have suffered huge declines in recent years, and sharks, which are threatened by overfishing. 9 all the terrifying facts, however, some conservationists say there is still hope. “One of the things that I think is the most important is that these wild animals haven’t yet gone extinct,” said Robin Freeman, head of the Zoological Society of London. “On the whole, they are not dying out, and that 10 (mean) we still have opportunities to do something about the decline.” 题型二、阅读理解 （安徽省宣城市 2024-2025 学年高二下学期期末）he beginning of the 20th century saw more than 100,000 tigers living in the wild, a figure that experienced a huge reduction of about 97% due to factors like illegal hunting and trading, habitat loss, shortage of food, human-tiger conflict and lack of will to address these factors. Protecting and improving tiger habitats can lead to the protection of thousands of other species, as well as important ecosystem services that benefit nations and the people who live in and close to these habitats. Forests in tiger landscapes store almost 3.5 times more carbon than other forests and offer protection against floods and other natural disasters. They also attract ecotourism and support agriculture by providing fresh water, safeguarding soil and regulating (调节) local weather. In 2010, the governments of 13 tiger range countries finally committed to doubling the number of tigers in the wild and have made great efforts since. In 2022, India reported an increase of 619 tigers since 2018, making it the second nation — after Nepal — to double its wild tiger population compared to the 2010 baseline. On July 29, 2023, the world celebrated International Tiger Day with good news from Bhutan. Its latest tiger population survey reported 131 more tigers living in the wild, a 27% increase from its first systematic survey in 2015. Bhutan’s achievement is reason to celebrate. But people in Bhutan and other tiger range countries may not necessarily be enthusiastic about the growth in tiger populations. After all, there are challenges ahead, such as the possibility of more human-tiger conflicts and reduced willingness to live alongside large predators (掠食动物). Preventing conflict from happening in the first place is an essential first step. Governments and conservation organizations can invest in early warning systems, structures for protection against predators and other measures to prevent human-tiger conflicts. When conflicts do occur, measures to reduce their impacts, like insurance projects, are important. Finally, the most important element of human-tiger coexistence (共存) is an equitable (公正的) and inclusive approach to conservation. Local communities should have a voice in developing and carrying out conservation strategies. 1．What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A．The benefit of ecotourism. B．The value of protecting tiger habitats. C．The necessity of planting forests. D．The influence of tigers on agriculture. 2．How is paragraph 3 mainly developed? A．By giving examples. B．By showing differences. C．By presenting problems. D．By providing research results. 3．What may cause people’s lack of enthusiasm towards increasing tiger populations? A．The increased illegal hunting. B．The investment required. C．The previous failures. D．The potential risks. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Protecting Tiger Habitats and Human Habitats B．Strategies for Preventing Human-Tiger Conflicts C．Challenges and Opportunities in Human-Tiger Coexistence D．The Role of Local Communities in Tiger Conservation Efforts $$Unit 6 Earth first 重难词汇精练 词汇夯基·专项突破 1 题型一、词性转换 1 题型二、核心短语 2 题型三、单句语法填空 3 题型四、单词拼写 4 题型五、完成句子 8 综合攻坚·能力跃升 9 题型一、语法填空 9 题型二、阅读理解 10 题型一、词性转换 1. scare v. 使(某人)惊恐,吓唬→ adj. 可怕的→ adj. 害怕的;惊恐的 2. fortunately adv. 幸运地→(反义) adv. 不幸地→ adj. 幸运的→  adj. 不幸的 3. extinction n. 灭绝,绝种→ adj. 不再存在的；已灭绝的 4. establish v. 建立,设立→ n. 建立；设立 5. reduce v. 减少,降低→ n. 减少;下降 6. smog n. 烟雾,雾霾→ adj. 烟雾弥漫的 7. permission n. 允许;许可→ v. 允许;许可 8. majority n. 多数,大多数(人或物)→ adj. 重大的 v. 主修 n. 专业 9. concerned adj. 焦急的,担忧的→ vt. 使担忧;涉及 n. 担忧→ prep. 关于 10. contribute v. 促成,造成(某事发生) → n. 贡献 11. remove v. 移走,搬走,去掉→ n. 移走；拿去；去掉；消除 12. fog n. 雾→ adj. 有雾的 13. reusable adj. 可再度使用的,可多次使用的→ vt. 再利用 14. severe adj.(问题、伤势、疾病等)很严重的→ adv.严重地；严厉地  15. infection n. 感染,传染病→ vt. 感染;传染→  adj. 传染的;传染性的  16. urge v.竭力主张,强烈要求,敦促→ adj. 紧急 的;紧迫的→ n. 紧急;催促  17. renewable adj.(能源)可更新的,可再生的,可恢复的→  v.重新开始;更新  18. sustainable adj. 可持续的→ v.维持;使稳定→ adv. 可持续地  19. adopt v.采取(某种方法)→ adj. 收养的;领养 的→ n. 收养;采用  20. dive v.(通常指使用呼吸设备的)潜水→ n.潜 水→ n.潜水员;跳水者  21. devote v. 致力,献身,倾注→ adj. 挚爱的;忠 诚的→ n.奉献;专心  22. cruelty n. 残忍,残酷,残暴→ adj. 残忍的→  adv.残忍地  23. hunting n. 打猎,狩猎→ v. 打猎;猎取;搜寻→ n.猎人  24. presentation n. 报告,(观点的)陈述,说明→ vt.呈现；展示；说明 【答案】 1.scare v. 使(某人)惊恐,吓唬→scary adj. 可怕的→scared adj. 害怕的;惊恐的 2. fortunately adv. 幸运地→(反义) unfortunately adv. 不幸地→fortunate adj. 幸运的→unfortunate adj. 不幸的 3. extinction n. 灭绝,绝种→extinct adj. 不再存在的；已灭绝的 4. establish v. 建立,设立→establishment n. 建立；设立 5. reduce v. 减少,降低→reduction n. 减少;下降 6. smog n. 烟雾,雾霾→smoggy adj. 烟雾弥漫的 7. permission n. 允许;许可→permit v. 允许;许可 8. majority n. 多数,大多数(人或物)→major adj. 重大的 v. 主修 n. 专业 9. concerned adj. 焦急的,担忧的→concern vt. 使担忧;涉及 n. 担忧→concerning prep. 关于 10. contribute v. 促成,造成(某事发生)→contribution n. 贡献 11. remove v. 移走,搬走,去掉→removal n. 移走；拿去；去掉；消除 12. fog n. 雾→foggy adj. 有雾的 13. reusable adj. 可再度使用的,可多次使用的→reuse vt. 再利用 14. severe adj.(问题、伤势、疾病等)很严重的→severely adv.严重地；严厉地  15. infection n. 感染,传染病→infect vt. 感染;传染→ infectious adj. 传染的;传染性的  16. urge v.竭力主张,强烈要求,敦促→urgent adj. 紧急 的;紧迫的→urgency n. 紧急;催促  17. renewable adj.(能源)可更新的,可再生的,可恢复的→ renew v.重新开始;更新  18. sustainable adj. 可持续的→sustain v.维持;使稳定→sustainably adv. 可持续地  19. adopt v.采取(某种方法)→adopted adj. 收养的;领养 的→adoption n. 收养;采用  20. dive v.(通常指使用呼吸设备的)潜水→diving n.潜 水→diver n.潜水员;跳水者  21. devote v. 致力,献身,倾注→devoted adj. 挚爱的;忠 诚的→devotion n.奉献;专心  22. cruelty n. 残忍,残酷,残暴→cruel adj. 残忍的→ cruelly adv.残忍地  23. hunting n. 打猎,狩猎→hunt v. 打猎;猎取;搜寻→ hunter n.猎人  24. presentation n. 报告,(观点的)陈述,说明→present vt.呈现；展示；说明 题型二、核心短语 1. 1 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1． 害怕地 2． 害怕……；对……感到恐惧 3． ……的数量 4． 由于，因为 5. 切掉；切断；中断 6． 对……有影响 7． 偶遇；留下印象 8． 被……覆盖 9． 把……看作…… 10． 而不是；宁可……也不愿 11． 相反，倒过来 12． 错误地；由于差错 13． 保护……免于…… 14． 愿意做某事 15． 投身于，致力于 16． 目的在于…… 17． 参加，参与 18． 阻止……做某事 19． 照顾，照料 20． 大多数 21． 采取措施做…… 22． 把……误认为…… 23． 分解；发生故障；失败；衰弱 24． 关上 25． 在某些情况下 26． 把……考虑进去 27． 依赖，依靠 28． 意识到 【答案】 1.in fear 害怕地 2. be scared of 害怕……；对……感到恐惧 3. the number of ……的数量 4. due to 由于，因为 5. cut off 切掉；切断；中断 6. have an effect upon/on 对……有影响 7. come across 偶遇；留下印象 8. be covered with 被……覆盖 9. see ... as ... 把……看作…… 10. rather than 而不是；宁可……也不愿 11. the other way round 相反，倒过来 12. by mistake 错误地；由于差错 13. protect ... from ... 保护……免于…… 14. be willing to do sth 愿意做某事 15. be devoted to 投身于，致力于 16. aim at doing 目的在于…… 17. be involved in 参加，参与 18. keep sb/sth from doing sth 阻止……做某事 19. take care of 照顾，照料 20.the majority of 大多数 21.take steps to do sth 采取措施做…… 22. mistake ... for ... 把……误认为…… 23. break down 分解；发生故障；失败；衰弱 24. turn off 关上 25. in some cases 在某些情况下 26. take ...into account 把……考虑进去 27. depend on 依赖，依靠 28. be aware of 意识到 题型三、单句语法填空 1. In our school, students can’t leave school during weekdays without________(permit). 2. __________(fortunate), I managed to join the navy and went on a voyage two months later. 3. Bathe every other day if you’re________ (concern) about saving water or a skin condition. 4. The child was scared_____________ the fierce-looking dog. 5. So I ran back home almost in the dark while trying not to get too ________ (scare). 6. He hurried to the station, only ________ (tell) that the train had left. 7. It rained heavily, _________ (cause) severe flooding in that country. 8. Little Tom sat ________(amaze) watching the monkey dancing in front of him. 9. He was fond of ________（dive）from an early age and he enjoys the wonderful creatures on the ocean floor. 10. The men lost their way in a sandstorm and crossed the border ________ mistake. 11. The trees themselves also have an effect ________ the climate. 12. I truly appreciate all your ________(devote) and achievement, which will surely contribute to the spread of Chinese culture. 13. I feel that I’ve been given a second life to devote ________ something meaningful and enormous. 14. Water is ________ short supply, and there is no affordable housing left for them to buy. 15. The lounge was well supplied ________ drinking water. 16. All in all, a ________(reduce)of the current heavy load will certainly benefit them. 17. Costs have been reduced ________ 20% over the past year. 18. Recent years have seen an increase in campaigns (运动) for the ________(reduce) of smog due to its harmful effects towards both humans and the environment. 19. The manager was satisfied to see many new products ___________（develop） after great effort. 20. I need a new passport so I will have to have my photographs ________ (take). 21. I always ask how much time I have to make my ________(present). 22. No one had been able to escape the ________(cruel)of war at that time. 23. The government should do more to promote ________(sustain)agriculture. 24. I think you’ve got an ________(infect), so you need to have a rest. 25. Most nurses are women, but in the higher ranks of the medical profession men are ________ the majority. 26. Many people think that sharks are________(danger) fish in the ocean. 27. Due to the cruelty of sharks, people are________(scare) of them. 28. ________(dive) into the sea, one might become the target of a shark attack. 29. Through the slide presentations, we find that too much hunting will contribute ________the extinction of sharks. 30. This summer, natural disasters like droughts and floods caused much damage ________our environment. 【答案】 1. permission 【详解】考查名词。句意：在我们学校，学生未经允许不能在工作日离开学校。分析句子可知，此处是固定短语without permission，意为“未经许可”，介词without后需使用名词形式。故填permission。 2. Fortunately 【详解】考查副词。句意：幸运的是，我设法加入了海军，两个月后出海航行。分析句子结构，空白处与主句用逗号隔开，可知作状语，应使用副词形式fortunately，表示“幸运的是”，又因为空白处位于句首，首字母需大写，故填Fortunately 。 3. concerned 【详解】考查形容词。句意：如果你关注节约用水或皮肤状况，请每隔一天洗澡一次。分析句意可知名词concern“关注，关心”需要改为形容词形式concerned“关注的，关心的”，作表语。故填concerned。 4. of 【详解】考查介词短语。句意：那孩子害怕那只长相凶猛的狗。be scared of意为“害怕，恐惧 ”，是固定短语。故填of。 5. scared 【详解】考查形容词。句意：所以我几乎在黑暗中跑回了家，尽量不太害怕。此处用形容词作表语，此处说明人I的心理状态，用形容词scared (害怕的)，形容词scary修饰物。故填scared。 6. to be told 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他匆匆赶到车站，结果被告知火车已经开走了。分析句子可知，句中涉及固定短语“only to do sth.”，意为“结果却……”，表示一种出乎意料的或令人失望的结果，“He”与“tell”为被动关系，故空格处应用不定式的被动式“to be done”作结果状语，“tell”的过去分词为“told”，故空格处应填“to be told”。故填to be told。 7. causing 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：雨下得很大，在那个国家引发了严重的水灾。句中用现在分词作结果状语，表示自然而然所产生的结果。故填causing。 8. amazed 【详解】考查形容词。句意：小汤姆惊奇地坐着，看着猴子在他面前跳舞。此处是指小汤姆惊奇地坐着，所以应用修饰人的形容词amazed表示“惊奇的”作状语。形容词amazing意为“令人惊讶的”，修饰物，不符合句意。故填amazed。 9. diving 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他从小就喜欢潜水，喜欢海底的奇妙生物。分析句子成分可知，所设空处在介词of之后做宾语，所以应用动名词形式，故填diving。 10. by 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：这些人在一场沙尘暴中迷了路，误闯了边境。分析句子可知，句中涉及固定短语“by mistake”，意为“错误地”，故空格处应用介词“by”。故填by。 11. on/upon 【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：树木本身也对气候有影响。固定搭配have an effect on/upon译为“对……有影响”。故填on或upon。 12. devotion 【详解】考查名词。句意：我由衷地感谢你们的付出和成就，这必将为中国文化的传播做出贡献。your后跟名词，devote的名词是devotion，是不可数名词，意为“奉献”，故填devotion。 13．to 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：我觉得我被赋予了第二次生命，可以致力于一些有意义和极大的事情。分析句子可知，句中涉及固定短语“devote to…”，意为“致力于……”，故空格处应用介词“to”。故填to。 14．in 【详解】考查介词。句意：水供应不足，也没有经济适用房可供他们购买。根据句意和空格后的short supply可知，该题是考查固定短语in short supply（供应不足；供不应求；短缺）。故填in。 15．with 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：休息室里有充足的饮用水。分析句子可知，句中涉及固定短语“supply…with…”，意为“把……提供给……”，句中为其被动形式“…be supplied with…”，“be well supplied with…”表示“……供应充足”，故空格处应用介词“with”。故填with。 16．reduction 【详解】考查名词。句意：总而言之，减少当前的沉重负荷肯定会使他们受益。根据所给动词reduce和空格前的冠词a以及句意可知，空格处应该填入reduce的名词形式，由不定冠词修饰用单数。故填reduction。 17．by 【详解】考查介词。句意：在过去的一年里，成本降低了20% 。根据句意可知，此处应用reduce by意为“减少了”，此处要区别于reduce to，意为“减少到”，故填by。 18．reduction 【详解】考查名词。句意：近年来，由于雾霾对人类和环境的有害影响，减少雾霾的活动越来越多。空格处用名词作宾语，reduce的名词是reduction，意为“减少”，是不可数名词，故填reduction。 19．developed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：经理很高兴看到经过努力开发出的许多新产品。分析句子结构可知，句子的主语是The manager，谓语是was satisfied to see，宾语是many new products，develop与products在逻辑上是被动关系，因此用其过去分词形式developed作宾语补足语，表被动和完成，故填developed。 20．taken 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我需要一个新的护照，所以我必须去拍个照片。分析句子结构可知，本句中已有谓语动词且没有连接词，此处需要非谓语动词，photographs与take之间为被动关系，使用过去分词作宾补，故填taken。 21．presentation 【详解】考查名词。句意：我总是问我还有多少时间可以演讲。此处应用名词presentation作宾语，且由my和句意可知，此处指一个演讲，应用单数，故填presentation。 22．cruelty 【详解】 考查名词。句意：当时没有人能够逃脱战争的残酷。冠词修饰名词，the cruelty of为固定搭配，cruelty意为“残酷”，用作不可数名词。故填cruelty。 Sentence meaning: for a fixed collocation, meaning””. 23．sustainable 【详解】 考查形容词。句意：政府应该采取更多措施促进可持续农业。修饰名词agriculture用sustain的形容词sustainable，意为“可持续的”。故填sustainable。 Sentence meaning: for a fixed collocation, meaning””. 24．infection 【详解】 考查名词。句意：我想你感染了，所以你需要休息。所填空前用不定冠词an修饰，可知所填空处填infect的名词形式infection，由不定冠词修饰用单数。故填infection。 Sentence meaning: for a fixed collocation, meaning””. 25．in 【详解】考查介词。句意：大多数护士是女性，但在医疗行业的高级职位中男性占多数。本题考查固定短语in the majority，意为“占多数”。故填in。 26．dangerous 【详解】考查形容词。句意：许多人认为鲨鱼是海洋中的危险鱼类。分析句子结构可知，空处需要形容词dangerous“危险的”，作定语修饰后面的名词。故填dangerous。 27．scared 【详解】考查形容词。句意：由于鲨鱼的残忍，人们害怕它们。分析句子结构可知，本句话为主系表结构，空处需要形容词作表语。scared“害怕的”。be scared of“对...感到害怕”。 28．Diving 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：潜入海里，可能会成为鲨鱼攻击的目标。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词，空处需要非谓语动词作状语，和其逻辑主语one之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词。故填Diving。 29．to 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：通过幻灯片演示，我们发现过度捕猎将导致鲨鱼灭绝。根据语境可知，本题考查短语contribution to“导致，贡献”。故填to。 30．to 【详解】考查介词。句意：今年夏天，干旱和洪水等自然灾害对我们的环境造成了很大的破坏。cause damage to sth“对某事物造成损害”是固定搭配。故填to。 题型四、单词拼写 1.They managed to (吓唬)the bears away. 2.Pollution is pushing this animal to the very edge of (灭绝)． 3.He (潜水) into the water and rescued the drowning boy. 4. (幸运的是), the fire was discovered soon after it had started. 5.He wrote a series of articles, hoping to change people’s (态度) towards the disabled. 6.The visit was (把……作为目标) to develop relations between the two countries. 7.We want people to discover that a (鲨鱼) is an amazing animal that needs our protection. 8.Regular exercise and a balanced diet (贡献) significantly to our overall health. 9.With the development of technology, our daily life is becoming more and more dependent on (电). 10.Modern (电器) like smart phones and laptops have greatly changed the way we live and work. 11.Without the teacher’s (准许), no one is allowed to leave the classroom during the class. 12.The earthquake brought (严重的) damage to the small town, leaving many people homeless. 13.The government plans to (发放) more funds to support the local education. 14.If you don’t take good care of the wound, there is a risk of getting an (感染). 15.The (温室) effect has become a global concern, leading to rising temperatures. 16.We should encourage the use of (可再生的) resources such as wind and solar power. 17. (可持续的) development is the key to ensuring a better future for generations to come. 18.His (演讲) about historical events was so vivid that it held everyone’s attention. 19.The movie (强调) the complex relationship between humans and nature. 20. (打猎) endangered species is strictly prohibited by law to protect biodiversity. 【答案】 1.scare  2.extinction  3.dived 4.Fortunately  5.attitude 6.targeted 7.shark 8.contribute 9.electricity  10. appliances 11.permission 12.severe   13. release 14.infection 15. greenhouse 16.renewable 17.Sustainable 18.presentation 19.highlights 20.Hunting 题型五、完成句子 1.过度捕杀极大地影响了野生动物的数量。 Hunting too much greatly. 2.一些动物已经绝迹，另一些动物处境危险。 Some animals ; others are . 3.政府已经关注了这个状况，并采取了一系列措施。 Our government ________ and ________. 4. 一系列的法律已付诸实施。 A series of laws . 5. 我们会成功地阻止情况的恶化。 We’ll . 6. 在他看来，无论鲨鱼攻击人类还是人类猎杀鲨鱼，这是一个生死攸关的问题。 In his opinion, it is ________ whether sharks attack humans or ________. 7. 严重的洪水和干旱会导致疾病传染，并对我们的生活产生意想不到的影响。 ________can cause disease infections and________ our lives. 8. 我们必须采取有效措施以便减少二氧化碳的排放。 We must________ to reduce________. 9. 政府发起了一场节电运动，并敦促所有公民积极参与。 The government launched________ and________ to take an active part in it. 10.如果家用电器漏电，让其处于待机模式也是无用的。 ________ putting a home appliance in stand-by mode if ________. 【答案】 l. has affected the  number  of  wild  animals 2. have died out in danger 3.①has paid attention to the situation ②has taken a series of measures 4.has come into effect 5.succeed in preventing the situation from getting  worse 6.①a matter of life and death ②humans kill sharks7.①Severe floods and droughts ②have an unexpected effect upon 8.①adopt effective measures ②the release of carbon dioxide 9.①a campaign to save electricity ②urged all citizens 10.①It’s no use ②it leaks electricity 题型一、语法填空 Wildlife in decline The populations of the Earth’s wild vertebrates (脊椎动物) have declined by 69% over the past four decades, according to the Living Planet Report 2022 published by the World Wildlife Fund. Climate change and activities such as deforestation and poaching (偷猎) are in large part 1 (blame) for the decline. 2 the trend continues, the world will lose two-thirds of its vertebrate biodiversity. “Sadly, there is no sign yet 3 this rate will decrease,” the report says. “Across land, freshwater and the oceans, human activities are forcing wildlife populations to the edge,” says Marco Lambertini, director-general of WWF International. The Living Planet Report is published every two years. It aims to provide an assessment of the state of the world’s wildlife. The study included 3,700 different species of birds, fish, mammals, amphibians and reptiles around the world. The team collected data from more than 3,000 sources, including government statistics and surveys 4 (carry) out by conservation groups. They then analysed 5 the population sizes had changed over time. Lambertini said some groups of animals had done 6 (bad) than others. “We do see particularly strong declines in the freshwater environment. For freshwater species alone, the decline stands at 81% since 1970. This is related to the way that water 7 (use) and taken out of freshwater systems, and also to the fragmentation (分裂) of freshwater systems through dam building, for example.” The report also highlighted other species, such as African elephants, 8 have suffered huge declines in recent years, and sharks, which are threatened by overfishing. 9 all the terrifying facts, however, some conservationists say there is still hope. “One of the things that I think is the most important is that these wild animals haven’t yet gone extinct,” said Robin Freeman, head of the Zoological Society of London. “On the whole, they are not dying out, and that 10 (mean) we still have opportunities to do something about the decline.” 【答案】 1． to blame 2．If 3．that 4．carried 5．how 6．worse 7．is used 8．which 9．Despite 10．Means 题型二、阅读理解 （安徽省宣城市 2024-2025 学年高二下学期期末）he beginning of the 20th century saw more than 100,000 tigers living in the wild, a figure that experienced a huge reduction of about 97% due to factors like illegal hunting and trading, habitat loss, shortage of food, human-tiger conflict and lack of will to address these factors. Protecting and improving tiger habitats can lead to the protection of thousands of other species, as well as important ecosystem services that benefit nations and the people who live in and close to these habitats. Forests in tiger landscapes store almost 3.5 times more carbon than other forests and offer protection against floods and other natural disasters. They also attract ecotourism and support agriculture by providing fresh water, safeguarding soil and regulating (调节) local weather. In 2010, the governments of 13 tiger range countries finally committed to doubling the number of tigers in the wild and have made great efforts since. In 2022, India reported an increase of 619 tigers since 2018, making it the second nation — after Nepal — to double its wild tiger population compared to the 2010 baseline. On July 29, 2023, the world celebrated International Tiger Day with good news from Bhutan. Its latest tiger population survey reported 131 more tigers living in the wild, a 27% increase from its first systematic survey in 2015. Bhutan’s achievement is reason to celebrate. But people in Bhutan and other tiger range countries may not necessarily be enthusiastic about the growth in tiger populations. After all, there are challenges ahead, such as the possibility of more human-tiger conflicts and reduced willingness to live alongside large predators (掠食动物). Preventing conflict from happening in the first place is an essential first step. Governments and conservation organizations can invest in early warning systems, structures for protection against predators and other measures to prevent human-tiger conflicts. When conflicts do occur, measures to reduce their impacts, like insurance projects, are important. Finally, the most important element of human-tiger coexistence (共存) is an equitable (公正的) and inclusive approach to conservation. Local communities should have a voice in developing and carrying out conservation strategies. 1．What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A．The benefit of ecotourism. B．The value of protecting tiger habitats. C．The necessity of planting forests. D．The influence of tigers on agriculture. 2．How is paragraph 3 mainly developed? A．By giving examples. B．By showing differences. C．By presenting problems. D．By providing research results. 3．What may cause people’s lack of enthusiasm towards increasing tiger populations? A．The increased illegal hunting. B．The investment required. C．The previous failures. D．The potential risks. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Protecting Tiger Habitats and Human Habitats B．Strategies for Preventing Human-Tiger Conflicts C．Challenges and Opportunities in Human-Tiger Coexistence D．The Role of Local Communities in Tiger Conservation Efforts 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了保护老虎的栖息地和生态系统服务的好处，以及保护老虎所带来的挑战。 1．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Protecting and improving tiger habitats can lead to the protection of thousands of other species, as well as important ecosystem services that benefit nations and the people who live in and close to these habitats. (保护和改善老虎栖息地可以保护数千种其他物种以及重要的生态系统服务，使生活在这些栖息地及其附近的国家和人民受益。)”以及最后一句“They also attract ecotourism and support agriculture by providing fresh water, safeguarding soil and regulating (调节) local weather. (它们还通过提供淡水、保护土壤和调节当地天气来吸引生态旅游和支持农业。)”可知，本段主要讲保护老虎的栖息地和生态系统服务对人类有很大的好处，从而强调拯救老虎的重要性。故选B项。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“In 2010, the governments of 13 tiger range countries finally committed to doubling the number of tigers in the wild and have made great efforts since. In 2022, India reported an increase of 619 tigers since 2018, making it the second nation — after Nepal — to double its wild tiger population compared to the 2010 baseline. On July 29, 2023, the world celebrated International Tiger Day with good news from Bhutan. Its latest tiger population survey reported 131 more tigers living in the wild, a 27% increase from its first systematic survey in 2015. (2010年，13个虎类栖息地国家的政府最终承诺将野生虎的数量增加一倍，并且此后一直在为此努力。2022年，印度报告称自2018年以来野生虎的数量增加了619只，使其成为继尼泊尔之后第二个与2010年基线相比野生虎数量翻倍的国家。2023年7月29日，全世界共同庆祝国际虎日，并从不丹获得了好消息。该国最新的虎类数量调查报告称，野生虎的数量比2015年的首次系统性调查增加了131只，增幅达27%。)”可知，第三段主要是通过举例讲述人们对拯救老虎做出的努力。故选A项。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“After all, there are challenges ahead such as the possibility of more human-tiger conflicts and reduced Willingness to live alongside large predators. (毕竟，前方还有挑战，比如可能会有更多的人与虎之间的冲突，以及与大型捕食者一起生活的意愿降低。)”可知，潜在的风险可以解释人们对老虎数量增加缺乏热情。故选D项。 4．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Preventing conflict from happening in the first place is an essential first step. Governments and protection organizations can invest in early warning systems, structures for protection against predators and other measures to prevent human-tiger conflicts. When conflicts do occur, measures to reduce their impacts, like insurance projects, are important: Finally, the most important part of human-tiger coexistence(共存) is an fair and inclusive way to protection. Local communities should have a voice in developing and carrying out protection strategies. (首先，防止冲突的发生是至关重要的第一步。政府和保护组织可以投资于预警系统、防御捕食者的结构和其他预防人虎冲突的措施。当冲突确实发生时，采取措施减少其影响，如保险项目，是很重要的：最后，人虎共存最重要的部分是公平和包容的保护方式。当地社区应在制定和实施保护战略方面拥有发言权。)”以及本文主要讲述了保护老虎的栖息地和生态系统服务的好处，以及保护老虎所带来的挑战。所以C项“人虎共存的挑战与机遇”最符合文章标题。故选C项。 $$