Unit 3 课时5 Section 4 Focusing culture,Cross-curricular connection,Project（课件）英语沪教版2024八年级上册

沪教版2024英语（八年级上） Unit 3 Our digital lives Section 4 Focusing culture, Cross-curricular connection, Project 1 学习目标 I can talk about the history of computers, understand how digital technology changes our lives. improve my digital literacy. analyse the positive and negative effects of the internet on daily life・ 2 01 新 课 导 入 03 应 用 实 践 06 回 顾 总 结 07 随 堂 小 练 02 学 习 理 解 04 迁 移 创 新 05 考 点 速 递 学习内容 3 新课导入 1 4 We can use it to…… What can we use a computer to do ? Free talk send e-mails Listen to music play computer games Computers can be used in our daily life. We can use it to…… What can we use a computer to do ? chat shop online have a meeting on line We can use it to…… What can we use a computer to do ? Operate railways fly planes and spaceships control robot Charles Babbage and Ada Lovelace designed the first programmed machine in Britain. Ada was the first computer programmer. The development process of computers Since computers can be used in our daily life. Do you know how computers developed Ada Lovelace The founder of computer programs Charles Babbage Early computers were built as big as a room. With the invention of the microchip in 1970, Computers became faster and smaller The development process of computers as big as a room The first PC for home use came out in 1980. Later smartphones arrived and became small computers. The development process of computers In the future, computers may be tiny (even in clothes). Quantum computers(量子计算机） will be the next big breakthrough, much faster and more powerful. The development process of computers 学习理解 02 12 How has digital technology changed the world? Think Focusing on culture Computer technology develops quickly and has changed our world greatly. Let's explore the history of computers Read the text to find out how computers have developed over the years. The story of the computer A computer is any machine that can be programmed with a set of instructions. 1837 In Britain, the first machine with a program was designed by Charles Babbage and his student Ada Lovelace. Charles wanted a machine to add up big numbers, but Ada realized that a computer program could do a lot more. She was the first computer programmer. 1936 British scientist Alan Turing read Ada's ideas and created the Turing machine, the basic design of a computer system. The Turing machine could do all kinds of calculations, and it could also run different programs. This is the basis for all modem computers. 1940s Scientists built early computers in England and Germany. They were the size of a room! 1981 A US company designed the first PC (personal computer) for the general public. Experts didn't believe that anybody wanted a computer at home. But in two years they sold thousands of them. 1971 Ted Hoff was the main inventor of the microprocessor, or “microchip”. This was a major breakthrough in the history of computers. Thanks to the microchip, computers and other electronic devices got faster and smaller very quickly. 1990s - present Smartphones—phones with computer software—arrived! Today’s smartphones can connect to the internet and run all kinds of different apps -in other words, they are small computers. The arrival of smartphones has started a new era in digital technology. Expressions such as “Wi · Fi” “download” and “app” have become part of our daily lives. The future Computer technology continues to develop. Some computers will be tiny—perhaps we will even have computers in our clothes. Scientists believe that quantum computers (量子计算机) will be the next big breakthrough. They will be many times faster than today's computers, and much more powerful. Notes In May 2021, Chinese researchers built a powerful quantum computer called Zuchongzhi. Quantum computers are a new type of computer. They make calculations with help of the quantum mechanics(量子力学). Time Development 1837 Charles Babbage and Ada Lovelace designed _________________________in Britain. Ada was the first computer programmer. 1936 Alan Turing created the Turing machine, the base of __________________. 1940s Early computers were built in ___________________, as big as a room. 1971 Ted Hoff invented the microchip. Computers became faster and smaller. 1981 _____________for home use came out. Thousands were sold in two years. 1990s - now Smartphones arrived and became small computers. Words like "Wi-Fi" and "app" are part of daily life. Future Computers may be tiny (even in clothes). _________________will be the next big breakthrough, much faster and more powerful. the first programmed machine modern computers England and Germany The first PC Quantum computers Read and fill the following form 1.Who was the first computer programmer? A. Charles Babbage B. Ada Lovelace C. Alan Turing D. Ted Hoff 2.What did Alan Turing create in 1936? A. The first PC for the public B. The microprocessor C. The Turing machine D. The first smartphone 3.Why were early computers in the 1940s special? A. They were as small as a phone B. They were the size of a room C. They could run smartphone apps D. They had microchips Read the text and choose the right answer. 4.When did the first PC for ordinary people appear? A. In 1971 B. In 1981 C. In the 1990s D. In 1837 5.What do scientists think about quantum computers? A. They will be slower than today’s computers B. They will be the next big breakthrough C. They will only be used in clothes D. They are already popular now 6.What is the main idea of the passage? A. The history and development of computers. B. Famous scientists who invented computers. C. How to use modern computers and smartphones. D. The problems of early computers in the 1940s. 2 Answer the questions below with the information from the text on page 46. (1) What did Charles Babbage and Ada Lovelace do in 1837? (2) Who was Alan Turing and what did he do? They designed the first machine with a program in Britain. Charles wanted it to add up big numbers, and Ada realized computer programs could do more. Alan Turing was a British scientist. He created the Turing machine in 1936, which became the basic design for all modern computers. (3) Who was Ted Hoff? What happened after his invention? (4) What will be the next big breakthrough in computer technology?  Ted Hoff was the main inventor of them microprocessor/microchip in 1971. After his invention, computers and electronic devices became faster and smaller quickly. Scientists believe quantum computers will be the next big breakthrough. They will be much faster and more powerful than today's computers. 应用实践 03 23 3 Find the words and the phrase in the text and match them with their meanings. (1) major (2) the general public (3) era (4) software (5) download a programs on a computer, phone, etc. b a particular period in history c people in society d to get data, files, software, etc. from the internet e greater or more important The development of computers has seen major steps. In 1837, the first programmed machine appeared, but it wasn’t until 1981 that the first PC was designed for _______________. Though experts doubted people would want home computers, thousands were sold quickly. In the 1990s, smartphones with computer ________ arrived, starting a new digital _______. These phones can _______ to the internet, run apps, and let users _________ things easily. Words like "download" and "software" have become part of our daily lives, showing how computers have changed the world. connect the general public era software download the general public software era connect download 短文选词填空 迁移创新 04 26 ... ... Over to you 4 How have smartphones changed our daily lives? How will they continue to change our daily lives? Share your ideas with the class. Smartphones have changed our lives a lot. First, they help us stay in touch with others easily. For example, we can chat with friends on WeChat or make video calls anytime, anywhere. Second, they make studying easier. We can use apps to look up words, watch online lessons, or do homework. Also, we can shop online, pay bills, and even order food with smartphones. In the future, smartphones may change our lives more. Maybe they can check our health. For example, they can tell us if we don’t sleep well or need to exercise. They might also help us travel better—for example, showing the best way to avoid traffic jams. Some day, smartphones could even connect to our home devices, so we can turn on the air conditioner or lock the door from far away. In short, smartphones make our lives convenient now, and they will bring more surprises in the future! 考点速递 05 29 1.British scientist Alan Turing read Ada's ideas and created the Turing machine, the basic design of a computer system. 英国科学家艾伦·图灵研读了艾达的思想，并发明了图灵机，这是计算机系统的基本设计。 basic adj 基础的，基本的；最简单的，初级的 The course teaches basic English grammar.这门课教授基础英语语法。 It’s important to learn basic first aid skills. 学习基本的急救技能很重要。 basis（名词）基础，根据；基准；方式 Trust is the basis of a good relationship.信任是良好关系的基础。 常用搭配 on the basis of（根据，在…… 基础上） base 动词。以…… 为基础；把…… 建立在…… 上 be based on 以…… 为依据. 建立在….基础之上（初一已学） 2. This was a major breakthrough in the history of computers. Thanks to the microchip, computers and other electronic devices got faster and smaller very quickly. 这是计算机历史上的一个重大突破。得益于微芯片，计算机和其他电子设备迅速变得更快、更小。 major 作形容词（adj.）主要的；重要的；多数的 English is one of the major languages spoken worldwide. 英语是世界上使用最广泛的主要语言之一。 A major part of our budget goes to education.我们预算的大部分用于教育。 major 作动词（v.）主修（大学专业） 常用搭配 “major in + 学科”，主语通常是人。 He majored in history at Harvard.他在哈佛大学主修历史。 What did you major in during college?你大学主修什么？ breakthrough 是名词， “突破；重大进展；重要发现” Scientists have made a major breakthrough in the treatment of cancer. 科学家在癌症治疗方面取得了重大突破。 After months of negotiations, they finally achieved a breakthrough on the trade issue. 经过数月谈判，他们终于在贸易问题上取得了突破。 This invention is a breakthrough in renewable energy technology. 这项发明是可再生能源技术的一大突破。 1. electricity（名词）电；电流；电能 We can’t live without electricity.我们的生活离不开电。 The storm cut off the electricity.暴风雨导致停电。 2. electric（形容词）带电的；用电的；电动的 An electric car runs on batteries.电动汽车靠电池驱动。 He fixed the electric kettle.他修好了电水壶。 3. electrical（形容词）与电相关的；电气科学的；电力系统的 She studied electrical engineering. 她学习电气工程。 The building has electrical problems.这座建筑的电路系统有问题。 4. electronic（形容词）电子的；电子设备的 特指通过电子电路或芯片运行的设备或系统（需编程或数据处理）。 I prefer reading electronic books.我更喜欢读电子书。 Our company develops electronic components.我们公司开发电子元件。 词 词性 核心区别 例词 / 场景 electric 形容词 直接依赖电运行的具体物品 电灯electric light 电车 electric train electrical 形容词 与电相关的技术领域或系统 电气工程师 electrical engineer电路 electrical circuit electronic 形容词 基于电子技术、需数据处理的设备 智能手机electronic phone 电脑 electronic device electricity 名词 电（能量形式）本身 发电 generate electricity 易错点提醒 electric 和 electrical： 电灯泡是 electric bulb 直接用电发光； 电力工程师是 electrical engineer 涉及电力系统设计 electronic 和 electric： 电视机是 electronic device(需芯片和数据处理）； 电吹风是 electric appliance（仅用电发热 / 转动）。 3. The arrival of smartphones has started a new era in digital technology. Expressions such as “Wi · Fi” “download” and “app” have become part of our daily lives. 智能手机的出现开启了数字技术的新纪元。“Wi·Fi”、“下载”和“应用”等词汇已成为我们日常生活的一部分。 era 是名词，核心含义为 “时代；年代；纪元”， The invention of the Internet marked the beginning of a new era. 互联网的发明标志着一个新时代的开始。 We live in the era of artificial intelligence. 我们生活在人工智能时代。 The Renaissance was an important era in European history. 文艺复兴是欧洲历史上的一个重要时代。 4.Scientists believe that quantum computers (量子计算机) will be the next big breakthrough. They will be many times faster than today's computers, and much more powerful. 科学家们认为，量子计算机将是下一个重大突破。它们将比当今的计算机快许多倍，且功能更强大。 表示倍数的比较级用法 基础结构：倍数词 + as + 原级 + as 含义：A 是 B 的 几 倍（强调 “A 和 B 在某方面的数量 / 程度对比，A 为 B 的几倍”）。 常见倍数词：twice（两倍）、three times（三倍）、four times（四倍）等，也可用分数（half “一半”）或百分数。 This room is twice as big as that one. 这个房间是那个房间的两倍大。 The new machine runs three times as fast as the old one. 新机器的运行速度是旧机器的三倍。 比较级结构：倍数词 + 比较级 + than 含义：A 比 B 大 / 多 / 快 X 倍。 注意：英语中 “倍数 + 比较级 + than”= 中文 “比…… 多 X 倍”（即 “A 的总量是 B 的 X+1 倍”），但实际使用中常简化为 “是…… 的 X+1 倍”。 The river is twice longer than that one. 这条河比那条河长两倍。= 这条河是那条河的三倍长。 The company’s profits this year are four times higher than last year. 公司今年的利润比去年高四倍。= 是去年的五倍。 This building is three times taller than the library. 这栋楼比图书馆高三倍。= 是图书馆的四倍高。 much 在此句中用作程度副词，修饰more powerful。 much 常放在形容词或副词比较级的前面，表示比较级的程度，一般翻 译为“……得（的）多”能修饰比较级的程度副词还有 （按程度大小排列）： a little / a bit (一点) still /even (更) far / much / a lot (……得/ 的多) 例如： a little taller 高一点 still / even taller 更高 far / much / a lot taller高得多 我妈妈每天早上起床比我爸爸早得多。 My mother gets up much earlier than my father every morning. Cross-curricular connection I Information technology Literacy is the ability to read and write. Nowadays, we also talk about digital literacy： In today's world, this is a very important skill. Read the article about digital literacy and tick (√) the correct statements about it. Digital literacy What is digital literacy? Here are a few important parts of digital literacy. Finding and using digital content It is easier to find information online than in print books. However, we need to be careful when we look things up on the internet. Firstly, there is a lot of subjective information online, so we cannot trust everything we read. Secondly, there is so much content on the web, and this makes it difficult to evaluate(评价) information, and it is easy to form biased(片面的) opinions. Creating digital content Today, we also create new content online. Writing posts and comments is an important way to communicate online. The things we publish on the internet contain more than just text. We can also use emojis, pictures and videos to express ourselves. This makes our online messages more interesting to read. Communicating and sharing content When we write emails, posts and comments, we can communicate with a large number of people. The internet is a very powerful tool, but we need to use this tool in a good way. We should always be kind to others online, especially people we do not know. If we communicate in the right way, we can have a positive effect on people's lives. On the other hand, we can hurt others with mean comments online. Digital literacy means the ability: to find and use reliable online information. to read e-books. to create online content, such as writing posts and blogs. to chat online with family and friends. to share ideas and communicate with others online. to behave well online. Project Setting up rules for using digital devices Digital devices have become an important part of daily life. however, we need to make sure we use them in a sensible way. In this project, you are going to make a list of rules for using digital devices at home. Step 1 How do the members of your family use digital devices at home? Complete the table below. Step 2 Work in groups. Compare how you and your family members use digital devices. Then make a list of rules for using digital devices at home. • How much time may each family member spend on their digital devices per day? • What should / may they use their digital devices for? • Should there be a “device-free” time every day? Why / why not? • Who is responsible for checking that everyone follows the rules? • What happens if someone breaks the rules? Step 3 Discuss the rules with your parents. Then revise them based on their suggestions. Step 4 Introduce the rules at home. Keep a journal for a week and note down how well the rules work. Family rules Who is responsible? If someone doesn't follow the rules, we will... Date： Checked by： Step 5 Discuss your results in groups. How well did the rules work? Did they make any difference? Share your findings with the class. Wits corner We are all now connected by the internet, like neurons in a giant brain. —Stephen Hawking 回顾总结 06 46 一、学习和掌握本节所出现的单词和短语。 二、阅读和了解关于计算机发展史的文章，了解计算机的发展历程。 三、跨学科（信息学）了解数字素养的核心要素，引导我们正确处理 数字时代的信息获取、创作与交流。 四、学习制作创建合适运用数码设备的规则，引导我们自己正确合适 使用数码设备。 课堂小练 07 48 一、根据汉语提示或首字母完成单词。 1. The journalist will_______（采访）the football star tomorrow. I'm really looking forward to reading the report. 2. Keeping a _______(积极的） attitude can help you overcome difficulties more easily. 3. This ________（软件） can help you edit photos easily. 4. We are living in an_____（时代）of rapid technological development. 5. We should respect each other’s o________ even if we don't agree. 6. Please don't make unkind c________ about others. It’s impolite. 7. Reading and writing are b_______ skills for students. 8. Math is one of the ________ （主要的）subjects in middle school. interview positive software era opinions comments basic major 9. This n_______ tells a touching story about friendship. 10. His new invention is a real b_________ in this field. 11. Taking exercise regularly has a good e_______ on your health. 12. Don't always have n_______ ideas. Try to see the bright side of things. 13. You can d________ this free app from the app store. 14. You should pay attention to your w______. Eating too much junk food is not good for you. 15. My father bought me a d_______ camera as a birthday gift. I can take beautiful photos with it. 16. Taking part in s_______ activities can help you make more friends. novel breakthrough effect negative download weight digital social 二、用单词的适当形式填空 1. The__________ is working hard on developing a useful _________ for students.（programme） 2. An ___________(electron) product like smartphones is very popular among teenagers. 3. We should make decisions on the _____ of facts, not just our guesses.(basic) 4. Our _______ knowledge of science is _______ on years of study and experiments.(base) 5. The _______ of the school bus made all the students happy, and they quickly _________at the school gate to get on it.(arrive) 6. The elephant is much _____________(power)than the rabbit. It can easily move big logs with its trunk. programmer programme electronic basis basic based arrival arrived much powerful 7. I have a friend from________. He can speak ________ very well and often tells me interesting things about his country. 8. I want to know the _______ of this box, so I will ______ it with a scale.(weigh) 9. Lack of sleep can _______ your study efficiency, and it may have a bad _____ on your grades.(effect) 10. We should develop good ______ skills to fit in well with _________when we grow up.(social) 11. Tom is _____________than his brother in facing difficulties. 12. Among all the stars we can see in the sky, the one that looks _________might be the farthest away. Germany German weight weigh affect effect social society more positive the tiniest the tiniest 三、完成句子 1.查尔斯想要一台机器来计算大数，但艾达意识到计算机程序能做的更多。 Charles wanted a machine to _____ ______big numbers, but Ada realized that a computer program could do ___ ____ ______ 2.图灵机可以进行各种计算，也可以运行不同的程序。 The Turing machine could do _____ _____ _____calculations, and it could also ______ ______ _______. 3.由于芯片的发明，电脑有了重大的突破，它们变得更快，更小。 Thanks to the invention of chips, computers have made ____ ______ ______, they got _____ _____ ______. 4.请把你的电脑连接到网络，然后下载这个应用程序。 Please _______ your computer ____ the network and then ______ this _______. connect to download app add up a lot more all kinds of run different programs. a major breakthrough faster and smaller 5.智能手机的出现开启了数字技术的新时代。 The arrival of smartphones has started ___ ____ ____ ____ ______ ______. 6.直到1981年，第一台面向普通大众设计的个人电脑才问世 It wasn’t until 1981 that ____ ____ ____was designed for ____ ____ _____. 7.这条河比那条河长两倍。 The river is ____ _____ ______that one. 8.我妈妈每天早上起床比我爸爸早得多。 My mother gets up _____ _____ ______my father every morning. a new era in digital technology the first PC the general public twice longer than much earlier than 6G technology is in its early stage, but it will bring a new 1.e_____ of super - fast communication. Its 2.b______ function is not just to make calls or send messages, but to connect everything around us more 3.s_______.​ The major 4.e______of 6G will be felt in many areas. In smart cities, traffic lights will work better with 6G, reducing jams. In hospitals, doctors may use it to help patients far away. Scientists have made some 5.b__________ in testing. They say new software for 6G will let us 6.d________ a whole movie in just a second.​ This 7.p_______ change will make our life easier. Students can have clearer online classes, and families can enjoy better video chats. We all look forward to when 6G comes into our daily life. 四、短文填词 basic era smoothly effect breakthroughs download positive Thank you！ 56 null 204106.8 null 151621.67 Sheet1 Family member Digital devices Things they use them for Time spent per day Positive / Negative effects $$