Unit 4 Living with technology（重难词汇精练）英语译林版2020选择性必修第二册

Unit 4 Living with technoligy重难词汇精练 词汇夯基·专项突破 1 题型一、词性转换 1-2 题型二、核心短语 2 题型三、一词多用 2-6 题型四、单句语法填空 6-8 题型五、单词拼写 8-9 题型六、完成句子 9-11 综合攻坚·能力跃升 12 题型一、语篇语法填空 12-13 题型二、应用文写作 13-14 题型一、词性转换 1. ____________ n. 财政，金融；资金；财力，财务管理 vt.提供资金→____________ adj. 财政的；金融的；资金的 2. ____________ vt. 危及，对……构成威胁；威胁，恐吓→____________ n. 威胁，恐吓 3. ____________ vt. 犯(罪)；承诺，保证；花(钱或时间) vi. 全心全意投入，忠于→____________ adj. 尽心尽力的；坚定的→____________ n. 承诺；保证；奉献 4. ____________ n. 罪，罪行；犯罪活动→____________ n. 罪犯 adj. 犯罪的，犯法的 5. ____________ vt. 敦促，催促；大力推荐，竭力主张；驱赶，鞭策 n. 冲动，强烈的欲望→____________ adj.紧急的；急迫的→____________ n. 紧急；急迫 6. ____________ vt. 需要；强烈要求 n. 要求，所需之物；需求，需要→____________ adj.(工作)要求高的，费力的；(人)苛求的 7. ____________ adj. 贪心的，贪婪的→____________ n. 贪婪，贪心 8. ____________ n. 识别，认出；承认，认可；赞誉，赏识→____________ vt. 认出，识别；承认 9. ____________ n. 分发，分送；分配，分布→____________ vt. 分配；散布；分发 10. ____________ vt. 预言，预告→____________ n. 预测；预言 11. ____________ adj. 不合法的，非法的→____________ adj. 法律许可的，合法的→____________ adv. 法律上，合法地→____________ adv. 违法地，非法地 12. ____________ vt. & vi. 断定，推断出；达成，订立；(使)结束，终止→____________ n. 结论；推论 13. ____________ adj. 合乎情理的，事出有因的；有正当理由的→____________ vt. 证明……正当；替……辩护 14. ____________ vt. & vi. 吸引住(注意力、兴趣)；雇用，聘用；与……建立密切关系→____________ n. 婚约；约会→____________ adj. 忙于，从事于 15. ____________ adj. 乐观的，抱乐观看法的→____________ n. 乐观；乐观主义 16. ____________ vt. 使恼怒，使生气；打扰，骚扰→____________ adj. 愤怒的，生气的→____________ adj.讨厌的；恼人的→____________ n. 烦恼 17. ____________ n. 球体，球状物；地球仪；地球，世界→____________ adj.全球的；总体的；球形的 18. ____________ n. & vt. 羡慕，忌妒→____________ adj. 羡慕的；嫉妒的 【答案】 1.finance, financial 2. threaten, threat 3. commit, committed, commitment 4. crime, criminal 5. urge, urgent, urgency 6. demand, demanding 7. greedy, greed 8. recognition, recognize 9. distribution, distribute 10. predict, prediction 11. illegal, legal, legally, illegally 12. conclude, conclusion 13. justified, justify 14. engage, engagement, engaged 15.optimistic. optimism 16. annoy, annoyed, annoying, annoyance 17. globe, global 18. envy, envious 题型二、核心短语 1. ____________(建)空中楼阁，幻想，空想 2. ____________略举几例 3. ____________受伤，受损，被害 4. ____________强行闯入，撬开；突然开始(笑、唱等)；顺利打入 5. ____________大量，大批 6. ____________暗中监视，窥探 7. ____________处于最前列，进入重要地位 8. ____________许多，大量 9. ____________归结为，基本问题是 10. ____________在牺牲(或损害)……的情况下 11. ____________大量 12. ____________有能力做某事 【答案】 1.(build) castles in the air 2. to name but a few 3. fall victim to 4. break into 5 . in large quantities 6. spy on 7. at the forefront of 8. a host of 9. boil down to 10. at the expense of 11. like weeds 12. be capable of doing sth. 题型三、一词多用 commit 1. On balance, I think I would rather not commit myself to ________(go) with you. 2. This development area is ________(commit) to creating a perfect investment environment. 3. If you are serious about our relationship, you should make a ________(commit). 【答案】1. going 2. committed 3. commitment urge 1. There is an ________(urge) need for food and water in the flood-stricken area. 2. The government said that it would deal with this as a matter of ________(urge). 3. With the support of his family, he feels ________ urge to start a company of his own. 4.老师经常敦促我们尽可能多地读英文原著。 The teacher often ________ as many books in original English as possible. 【答案】1. urgent 2. urgency 3. an 4. urges us to read warning 1. She took no notice of the ________(warn) signs of trouble ahead. 2. Notices in several languages have been put up at highway service stations to warn foreign visitors ________ the rules. 3.医生经常发出警告不要吃垃圾食品。 Doctors often issue ________________ eating junk food. 【答案】1. warning 2. of 3. a warning against demand 1. He came charging into my room and demanded ________(know) what was going on.   2. She demands a free ticket for tonight’s concert ________ me. 3. They are demanding that all troops ________(withdraw).   4. 我写信想知道你们是否在增加产量,以满足我们对该产品的需求。 I’m writing to know whether you are increasing production to ________________ the product. 【答案】1. to know 2. of/from 3.(should) be withdrawn 4. satisfy our demands for recognition 1. There is a general ________(recognise) of the urgent need for reform. 2. The teenager was brave enough to save the woman’s life and recognized ________ a hero. 3. 这个村子已变得认不出来了,一排排的工厂建在以前的农田上。 The village has changed ________________, with rows of factories built on what used to be farmlands.   【答案】1. recognition 2. as 3. beyond recognition alternative 1. New ways to treat arthritis(关节炎) may provide an alternative ________ painkillers. 2. For humans, there is no alternative but ________(take) immediate action to stop pollution.   3. 当时我别无选择,只好满足他的要求。 At that moment, I ________________ his demands.   【答案】1. to 2. to take 3. had no alternative but to meet/ satisfy break into 1. His house was broken ________ last night, for his family were on holiday. 2. I am encouraged to break away ________ old forms and rules. 3. I broke ________ the poverty barrier and it was education that did it. 4. 她一走出视线就突然开始跑。 The moment she was out of sight she ________________. 【答案】1. into 2. from 3. through 4. broke into a run threaten 1. The boss threatened ________(dismiss) him if he continued to turn up late for work.   2. Many species are now threatened ________ extinction. 3. Drugs pose a major threat ________ our society. 4. 动物的生存已经受到了人类活动的威胁。 The existence of animals ________________ human activities. 【答案】1. to dismiss 2. with 3. to 4. has been threatened with distribution 1. The volunteers are distributing food and blankets ________ the homeless people. 2. The map shows the ________(distribute) of this species across the world. 3. 春节期间,对中国人来说,在朋友和亲戚之间分发红包很常见。 It’s common for the Chinese people to ________ “hongbao” ________ friends and relatives during the Spring Festival. 【答案】1. to 2. distribution 3. distribute; among predict 1. Great advancements in disaster ________(predict) have been made in recent years. 2. He was unwilling to make a prediction ________ which books would sell well in the coming year. 3. 据预测,有着与人类智力水平相当的机器人最早会在2029年面世。 ________________ robots with human-level intelligence could arrive as early as the year 2029. 【答案】1. prediction 2. about 3. It’s predicted that decrease 1. The number of new students decreased from 210 ________ 160 this year. 2. The price of wheat has decreased ________ 15% in the past year. 3.据统计,今年我市肥胖青少年的人数减少了10%。 According to the statistics, the number of obese teenagers in our city ________________ 10% this year. 【答案】1. to 2. by 3. has decreased by deny 1. The man denied ________(damage) his neighbor’s car on purpose. 2. There’s no denying(the fact) ________ quicker action could have saved them. 3. It can’t be denied that we need to devote more resources to this problem. →________________ we need to devote more resources to this problem. 【答案】1. damaging/ having damaged 2. that 3. There is no denying that quantity 1. With more and more forests cut down, large quantities of soil ________(be) being washed away. 2. After some initial problems, chocolate was successfully produced ________ quantity. 3. 我知道你曾经参加过机器人大赛并获奖,所以你一定积累了大量的经验。 I know you once participated in the Robotics Competition and won the award,so you must have accumulated ________________experience.  【答案】1. are 2.in 3. a large quantity of / Large quantities of Bury 1. He buried his face ________ his hands and wept. 2. The day after the ________(bury) was cold and foggy. 3. 由于专心看书,她没注意到妈妈进来了。 →________________ the book, she didn’t notice Mother come in. →________________ the book, she didn’t notice Mother come in. 【答案】1. in 2. burial 3. Burryng herself in; Buried in conclude 1. He concluded ________ their remarks that they were not in favour of the plan. 2. The programme concluded ________ Stravinsky’s Rite of Spring. 3. New evidence might lead to the ________(conclude) that we are wrong. 4. 最后,我要感谢你的及时帮助。 ________________, I would like to thank you for your timely help. 【答案】1. from 2. with 3. conclusion 4. In conclusion/To conclude spy 1. That day he spied ________ her while pretending to work on the shrubs. 2. The police are spying ________ the murder secretly. 3.我突然发现远处有个人影在移动。 Suddenly I ________________in the distance. 【答案】1. on 2. into 3. spied a figure moving engage 1. She has the ability to engage ________ these young men. 2. It’s said that she has been ________(engage) to Peter. 3. He has a number of social ________(engage)next week, so he will be very busy. 4.没有您的指导和鼓励,我们不可能取得如此大的进步,所以我们决定聘请您做我们的向导。 Without your guidance and encouragement, we couldn’t have made so great progress, so we decide to ________________ our guide. 【答案】1. with 2. engaged 3.engagements 4. engage you as annoy 1. I was annoyed ________ him because he kept interrupting me while I was speaking. 2. Her most ________(annoy) habit is eating with her mouth open. 3. A dog that barks constantly can be a source of ________(annoy) to the neighbors. 4. To our annoyance, they finally decided not to come. →________________ was that they finally decided not to come. 【答案】1. with 2. annoying 3. annoyance 4. What annoyed us expense 1. Last night, we were taken out for a meal ________ the company’s expense. 2. I got very nervous because I was using a lot of ________(expense) equipment. 3.我们不能以破坏环境为代价来发展经济。 We can’t develop the economy ________________ destroying the environment. 【答案】1. at 2. expensive 3. at the expense of envy 1. They looked ________ envy at her latest purchase. 2. Well, it’s a great chance for you and I’m quite ________(envy). 3. 当玛丽在舞台上主持晚会时,她的同事们都羡慕地看着她。 When Mary conducted the evening party on the stage, her colleagues looked at her ________________. 【答案】1. with 2. envious 3. with envy 题型四、单句语法填空 1. In time, Tang Yin(1470—1524) gained ________(recognize) as one of the greatest artists China has ever known. 【答案】recognition 【详解】考查名词。句意：随着时间的推移，唐寅(1470—1524)逐渐被世人认可为中国有史以来最杰出的艺术家之一。作动词的宾语，用名词recognition，故填recognition。 2. Don’t be ________(greed) — leave some cake for others. 【答案】greedy 【详解】考查形容词。句意：别贪心 —— 留点蛋糕给别人。此处为形容词作表语，greed的形容词形式为greedy，意为“贪婪的，贪心的”，符合句意。故填greedy。 3. The audience broke ________ applause when the star walked on stage. 【答案】into 【详解】考查介词。句意：当这位明星走上舞台时，观众爆发出热烈的掌声。固定短语break into，表示“突然开始做某事，突然发出(声音等)”。故填into。 4. Our ________(capable) for giving care, love, and attention is limited. 【答案】capacity 【详解】考查名词。句意：我们给予关心、爱和关注的能力是有限的。本空作主语，应用名词形式capability“能力”，根据空后is可知，用单数形式。故填capability。 5. We must make ________(mass) efforts to improve the situation. 【答案】massive 【详解】考查形容词。句意：我们必须付出巨大的努力来改善这种情况。根据空格后的名词efforts可知，此处需要形容词作定语修饰名词efforts。mass的形容词形式为massive，意为“大量的，巨大的”。故填massive。 6. The dark clouds gathering on the horizon were a clear ________(warn) of the approaching storm that would soon sweep across the plains. 【答案】warning 【详解】考查名词。句意：地平线上聚集的乌云清晰地预示着，一场暴风雨即将席卷平原。空处需填名词warning，作表语，不定冠词a修饰单数可数名词。故填warning。 7. Distinct from other girls, she had a strong passion for science and ________(commit) her whole life to scientific research. 【答案】committed 【详解】考查动词和时态。句意：与其他女孩不同，她对科学有着强烈的热情，并将自己的一生都奉献给了科学研究。commit(奉献给，投入)是并列谓语动词，与主语she之间是主动关系，根据句意和谓语动词had可知，讲述过去的事情用一般过去时态，用过去式committed。故填committed。 8. I thought she had retired, but ________(apparent) she hasn’t. 【答案】apparently 【详解】考查副词。句意：我以为她已经退休了，但显然她没有。分析句子可知，空处需要用副词形式，作状语，修饰整个句子she hasn’t，apparent的副词形式是apparently，意为“显然，似乎”。故填apparently。 9. He quickly assessed what ________(alternative) were open to him. 【答案】alternatives 【详解】考查名词的数。句意：他很快评估了自己有哪些选择。alternative是可数名词，根据were可知，此处要用复数形式，在what引导的宾语从句中作主语，故填alternatives。 10. Hacking into someone’s personal accounts without permission is not only unethical but also ________(legal) in most countries, with severe legal consequences. 【答案】illegal 【详解】考查形容词。句意：未经允许入侵他人的个人账户，不仅是不道德的，而且在大多数国家是非法的，会带来严重的法律后果。分析句子可知，此空应填形容词与unethical为并列关系，illegal，表“非法的”，为形容词，作表语，符合语境，与后文“严重的法律后果”相呼应，进一步明确了该行为在法律层面的否定性和危害性。故填illegal。 11. It’s obvious that he denied ________(copy) the design of others and defended himself. 【答案】copying 【详解】考查非谓语动词。 句意：很明显他否认抄袭了别人的设计，并为自己辩护。deny后需接动名词形式作宾语。故填copying。 12. Pork prices are ________(predict) to rise by over 10% during the Spring Festival time. 【答案】predicted 【详解】考查动词的被动语态。句意：猪肉价格预计在春节期间将上涨超过10%。Pork prices与predict之间是被动关系，空格前已经有are，填入过去分词，构成一般现在时的被动语态，be predicted to do sth.意为“被预计做某事”。故填predicted。 13. With my strong ________(academy) background, I am competent and qualified for the job. 【答案】academic 【详解】考查形容词作定语。句意：凭借我扎实的学术背景，我完全有能力胜任这份工作。academy是个名词，意思是“学院”，横线后有名词，说明应该将它变成形容词，从而充当定语，其形容词是academic。故答案是academic。 14. Learning some ________(practice) phrases in the local language before traveling may help your travel smoother and more enjoyable. 【答案】practical 【详解】考查形容词。句意：在旅行前学习一些当地语言的实用短语可能会让你的旅行更顺利、更愉快。提示词修饰名词phrases，用形容词practical，意为“实用的”。故填practical。 15. Can you give a more precise ________(define) of the word? 【答案】definition 【详解】考查名词。句意：你能给这个词一个更精确的定义吗？由句意及空前的Can you give a more precise可知应填名词形式definition(定义)，作宾语，故填definition。 16. It’s an interesting idea but there are many ________(practice) difficulties. 【答案】practical 【详解】考查形容词。句意：这是一个有趣的想法，但有许多实际困难。空格处用形容词作定语，修饰名词difficulties，句子表示“这是一个有趣的想法，但有许多实际困难”，空格处意为“实际的”，形容词是practical，故填practical。 17. There is no general agreement on a standard ________(define) of intelligence. 【答案】definition 【详解】考查名词。句意：对于智力的标准定义，没有普遍一致的意见。“agreement on...”表示“在……方面的一致意见”，“a standard definition of...”表示“……的标准定义”，“definition”是“define”的名词形式，作宾语。故填definition。 18. Nowadays, having already been listed as Provincial Intangible Cultural Heritage sugar painting is engaging ________(it) in the general public entertainment. 【答案】itself 【详解】考查代词。句意：如今，已被列为省级非物质文化遗产的糖画，正在参与到大众的娱乐活动中。此处为短语engage oneself in，表示“参与”。故填itself。 19. I look up to Helen because she is ________(optimism) about life even in great trouble. 【答案】optimistic 【详解】考查形容词。句意：我敬仰海伦，因为她即使在困难中也对生活持乐观态度。这里需要形容词optimistic，意为“乐观的”，作表语。故填optimistic。 20. ________(initial), silk was the main item exported along the network because its weight was light and its value was high. 【答案】Initially 【详解】考查副词。句意：最初，丝绸是沿着这条贸易路线出口的主要商品，因为它的重量轻而价值高。空处应用副词形式initially“最初；起初”作状语，修饰整个句子，空处位于句首，首字母大写。故填Initially。 题型五、单词拼写 1. Extracurricular activities can enhance a________(connected with education, especially studying in schools and universities) performance by reducing stress. 【答案】academic/cademic 【详解】考查形容词。句意：课外活动可以通过减轻压力来提高与教育相关的表现。根据英文释义“尤其是学校和大学的学习”和首字母提示a可知，本空用形容词academic“学术的，学业的”，修饰名词performance，作前置定语。故填academic。 2. Grace always stays o________ about her future, believing everything will work out. 【答案】optimistic/ptimistic 【详解】考查形容词。句意：格蕾丝总是对她的未来保持乐观，相信一切都会好起来的。根据首字母和句意可知，空处为optimistic作表语。故填optimistic。 3. Nothing is difficult for a person who is brave, ________(乐观的) and willing to work hard. 【答案】optimistic 【详解】考查形容词。句意：对于一个勇敢、乐观、肯努力的人来说，没有什么是困难的。表示“乐观的”使用形容词optimistic，在句中作表语，故填optimistic。 4. The test was to assess(评价) ability rather than ________(学业的) achievement. 【答案】academic 【详解】考查形容词。句意：这次测试是为了评估能力，而不是学业成就。根据汉语提示“学业的”可知，此处应为形容词academic，作定语修饰名词achievement。故填academic。 5. With the advancement of technology, v________ reality has become an increasingly popular form of entertainment. 【答案】virtual/irtual 【详解】考查形容词。句意：随着科技的进步，虚拟现实已成为一种越来越受欢迎的娱乐形式。根据句意以及首字母提示，再结合空后的名词reality，可知此处应填形容词virtual，作定语修饰名词reality，表示“虚拟的”。故填virtual。 题型六、完成句子 1. 我热爱生活在广州的原因有很多，美食、文化、夜生活等等，仅举几例。 There are many reasons why I love living in Guangzhou, the food, the culture, the night life, ________________. 【答案】to name but a few 【详解】考查固定短语。“仅举几例”常见英文表达为to name but a few”，在句中用于列举部分事物，表明前面所列举的“美食、文化、夜生活”只是众多原因中的一部分，故填to name but a few。 2. 这不仅是授予我个人的荣誉，也是对全体中国科学家的鼓励和认可。 This is ________ ________ an honour for myself, ________ ________ encouragement and ________ for all scientists in China. 【答案】not only; but also; recognition 【详解】考查连词短语和名词。对比中英文可知，第一至四空表示“不仅……也……”，可用连词短语not only… but also…，连接并列的成分，第五空表示“认可”，可用名词recognition，不可数，作表语。故填①not；②only；③but；④also；⑤recognition。 3. 贾森拦下一辆出租车，提着手提箱跳上车，催促司机马上离开。 Jason ________________, ________________ and ________________. 【答案】stopped a taxi; jumped in with his suitcase; urged the driver to leave at once 【详解】考查动词、动词短语、时态、介词短语和非谓语动词。“拦下”、“跳上”和“催促”是并列谓语，分别用动词和动词短语stop、jump in和urge表示，结合语境可知，讲述过去的事情用一般过去时态stopped、jumped in和urged；“一辆出租车”作宾语，用a taxi，“提着手提箱”作状语，用介词短语with his suitcase，“司机”作宾语，用the driver，“马上离开”作宾语补足语，用不定式短语to leave at once。故填stopped a taxi；jumped in with his suitcase；urged the driver to leave at once。 4. 我说：“没有你的认可和指导，我不可能写这篇文章。再次非常感谢！” I said, “________________, I couldn’t have written this article. Again thank you very much!” 【答案】Without your recognition and guidance 【详解】考查介词、名词。表示“没有”用without，位于句首，首字母大写。表示“认可”用recognition，表示“指导”用guidance，二者为并列关系，用连词and连接，作without的宾语。表示“你的”用your，作定语，修饰recognition and guidance。故填Without your recognition and guidance。 5.(2024-2025学年高二上·江苏扬州·期中)数据表明，越来越多的交通事故是由驾驶员的不当行为造成的。 Statistics suggest that an increasing number of traffic accidents ________ ________ ________ drivers’ misbehavior. 【答案】boil down to 【详解】考查固定短语和时态。设空处为从句谓语，根据句意可知是短语boil down to，意为“归结为”，根据主句可知时态应用一般现在时，主语traffic accidents，谓语复数形式，故填boil；down；to。 6. 多亏他们的共同努力，研究终于取得了重大突破。(breakthrough) Thanks to their joint efforts, ________________ in the research. 【答案】a great breakthrough was finally made 【详解】考查固定短语和时态语态。本句在陈述过去发生的动作，句子时态为一般过去时。中英文对比可知缺少“取得重大的突破”，为“make a great breakthrough”，可以处理成被动语态，a great breakthrough与make为被动关系，终于为“ finally”作状语修饰动词，放在be动词was之后，实义动词made之前。故填a great breakthrough was finally made。 7. 这位导演说，他的最新电影将成为一个有价值的警示故事，提醒人们不要成为网络诈骗的受害者。 The director said that his latest movie would serve as a valuable cautionary tale, reminding people not to ________________ cyberscams. 【答案】fall victim to 【详解】考查固定短语和不定式。对比中英文句子可知，空格处意为“成为……的受害者”，是固定短语fall victim to，remind sb. not to do是固定短语，意为“提醒某人不要做某事”，因此fall用原形，故填fall victim to。 8. 我们一到露营地，妈妈就迫不及待地冲了出去，兴奋地催促我们搭帐篷。 The moment we arrived at the camping place, ________________________.(动作描写+副词) 【答案】Mom couldn’t wait to storm out and excitedly urged us to put up the tent 【详解】考查动词，时态和短语。根据句意可知，空处需填“妈妈就迫不及待地冲了出去, 兴奋地催促我们搭帐篷”的英语表达，“妈妈”用Mom作主语，“迫不及待做某事”表示为couldn’t wait to do sth，“冲了出去”用动词短语storm out表示，“催促某人做某事”表示为urge sb to do sth，根据“arrived”可知，用一般过去时，“兴奋地”用副词excitedly作状语，“搭帐篷”表示为put up the tent，其中put up表示“搭建”，tent表示“帐篷”作宾语，两个句子是并列关系，用and连接。故填Mom couldn’t wait to storm out and excitedly urged us to put up the tent。 9. 他们在度假时，汽车被撬开了。 While they were on holiday，they ________________________. 【答案】had their car broken into 【详解】考查非谓语动词。have为使役动词，可用结构have sth. done，可以表示“(主语)遭受某种不幸的情况”。在本句话中，have为句子的谓语动词，根据时间状语从句可知，主句为一般过去时态。have的宾语为their car“他们的汽车”，break into“强行进入”，该动词短语在在句中作宾语补足语，和宾语之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词。故填had their car broken into。 10.(2024-2025学年高二上·北京·期中)最终，问题常常归结为缺乏沟通。 Ultimately, the problem often ________ ________ ________ a lack of communication. 【答案】boils down to 【详解】考查固定搭配和时态。表示“归结为”应用固定搭配boil down to，结合“often”可知，表示经常性的动作，使用一般现在时，主语为单数名词，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填①boils；②down；③to。 11. 随着AI的迅速发展，用不了多久它们就会成为我们日常生活的一部分。(long before) With the rapid developments of AI, ________________________. 【答案】it won’t be long before they become part of our everyday life 【详解】考查固定句型和时态。“It will not be +时间段+before...”是固定句型，意为“不久就……，过不了多久就……”，主句为一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表将来。“成为我们日常生活的一部分”译为“ become part of our everyday life”。故填it won’t be long before they become part of our everyday life。 12. 在电子商务方面，中国往往处于潮流的最前列。 China tends to be ________ ________ ________ ________ trends when it comes to e-commerce. 【答案】at the forefront of 【详解】考查介词短语。根据句意可知，空处应填短语at the forefront of“在……的最前列”。故填①at；②the；③forefront；④of。 题型一、语篇语法填空 (2024-2025学年高二下·河南周口·期末) The Luban Lock: Ancient Puzzle of Wisdom Originating in ancient China, the Luban Lock is a three-dimensional puzzle 1 (make) entirely of wood without nails or glue. Named after the legendary craftsman Lu Ban, this delicate device 2 (consist) of six special sticks that interlock precisely through mortise-and-tenon(榫卯) joints. For centuries, it 3 (serve) not only as a toy but also as a mental exercise for scholars, requiring 4 (space) reasoning to assemble and disassemble. Traditional Luban Locks were often made from rare woods like mahogany or sandalwood, 5 surfaces were carved with patterns of clouds or dragons. Craftsmen would spend weeks refining each groove(槽) to ensure precise connection. Modern versions now feature 6 STEM education globally, demonstrating principles of geometry 7 physics. To solve 8 puzzle, one must rotate(旋转) the sticks at specific angles, applying gentle pressure to avoid damaging the delicate structure. Failure to follow the sequence usually leads to frustrating dead 9 (end). Ironically, this “unlockable” lock symbolizes harmony — only through patience and logic can its pieces coexist 10 (perfect). 【答案】 1. made 2. consists 3. has served 4. spatial 5. whose 6. in 7. and 8. the 9. ends 10. perfectly 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了鲁班锁这一源自中国古代的智慧谜题，包括其构造、历史、现代应用、解谜方法及象征意义等。 1. 考查非谓语动词。句意：鲁班锁起源于中国古代，是一种完全由木头制成的三维谜题，无需钉子或胶水。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词is，所以此处应用make的非谓语动词形式，因其与被修饰词puzzle之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词形式作后置定语。故填made。 2. 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：这款精巧的装置以传奇工匠鲁班的名字命名，由六根特殊的木条组成，通过榫卯结构精确咬合。句子描述的是鲁班锁的一般特性，为客观事实，应用一般现在时，主语this delicate device为第三人称单数，谓语动词也应用第三人称单数形式。故填consists。 3. 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：几个世纪以来，它不仅被用作玩具，也是学者们进行思维训练的工具，需要空间推理来组装和拆卸。根据时间状语For centuries可知，此处应用现在完成时，表示从过去一直持续到现在的动作或状态，主语it为第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填has served。 4. 考查形容词。句意：几个世纪以来，它不仅被用作玩具，也是学者们进行思维训练的工具，需要空间推理来组装和拆卸。修饰名词reasoning应用space的形容词形式spatial作定语，意为“空间的”。故填spatial。 5. 考查定语从句。句意：传统的鲁班锁通常由红木或檀香木等稀有木材制成，其表面雕刻有云纹或龙纹。此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词为rare woods，关系词在从句中作定语，修饰surfaces，表示所属关系，所以应用whose来引导。故填whose。 6. 考查介词。句意：现代版本的鲁班锁现在在全球范围内的STEM教育中占有一席之地，展示了几何和物理原理。根据句意可知，此处表示“在STEM教育中占有一席之地”，应用固定搭配feature in，意为“在……中起重要作用；在……中占有位置”。故填in。 7. 考查连词。句意：现代版本的鲁班锁现在在全球范围内的STEM教育中占有一席之地，展示了几何和物理原理。geometry和physics为并列关系，应用连词and连接。故填and。 8. 考查冠词。句意：要解开这个谜题，必须以特定的角度旋转木条，并施加轻柔的压力，以免损坏其精巧的结构。此处特指前文提到的鲁班锁这个谜题，应用定冠词the。故填the。 9. 考查名词复数。句意：不按照顺序操作通常会导致令人沮丧的僵局。dead end为可数名词短语，意为“僵局；死胡同”，根据语境可知，此处应用复数形式表示泛指。故填ends。 10. 考查副词。句意：具有讽刺意味的是，这种“解不开的”锁象征着和谐 —— 只有通过耐心和逻辑，它的各个部件才能完美共存。修饰动词coexist应用perfect副词形式perfectly作状语，意为“完美地”。故填perfectly。 题型二、应用文写作 (2024-2025学年河北省雄安新区雄安十校7月期末英语试题)假定你是高一学生李华，你校即将举行以“How to Use the Internet Wisely”为主题的演讲比赛。请你写一篇演讲稿参赛，内容包括： 1.网络的重要性； 2.如何合理使用网络。 注意：1.写作词数应为80左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear fellow students, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Dear fellow students, Good morning. I’m Li Hua, a 10th-grade student. I’m greatly honored to deliver a speech themed “How to Use the Internet Wisely”. The Internet contains a huge amount of information, which is extensive and relatively easy to access. It provides us with an excellent resource to gain knowledge. While the Internet is beneficial, it is essential to use it wisely. To begin with, you’re supposed to use it for research and skill development, not just entertainment. Next, it is recommended to limit your screen time, taking breaks once in a while. Last but not least, you should ensure the safety of the websites you visit. Have fun with the Internet. Thank you for your listening. 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生以高一学生李华的身份，写一篇以“如何明智地使用互联网”为主题的演讲稿参赛，需涵盖网络的重要性及如何合理使用网络。 【详解】1.词汇积累 巨大的：huge → enormous 明智地：wisely → sensibly 建议：recommend → suggest 确保：ensure → guarantee 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：I’m greatly honored to deliver a speech themed “How to Use the Internet Wisely”. 拓展句：I’m greatly honored to deliver a speech, whose theme is “How to Use the Internet Wisely”. 【点睛】 【高分句型1】The Internet contains a huge amount of information, which is extensive and relatively easy to access.(运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句) 【高分句型2】While the Internet is beneficial, it is essential to use it wisely.(运用了While引导的让步状语从句) 1 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 4 Living with technoligy重难词汇精练 词汇夯基·专项突破 1 题型一、词性转换 1-2 题型二、核心短语 2 题型三、一词多用 2-5 题型四、单句语法填空 5-6 题型五、单词拼写 6 题型六、完成句子 6-7 综合攻坚·能力跃升 7 题型一、语篇语法填空 7 题型二、应用文写作 7-8 题型一、词性转换 1. ____________ n. 财政，金融；资金；财力，财务管理 vt.提供资金→____________ adj. 财政的；金融的；资金的 2. ____________ vt. 危及，对……构成威胁；威胁，恐吓→____________ n. 威胁，恐吓 3. ____________ vt. 犯(罪)；承诺，保证；花(钱或时间) vi. 全心全意投入，忠于→____________ adj. 尽心尽力的；坚定的→____________ n. 承诺；保证；奉献 4. ____________ n. 罪，罪行；犯罪活动→____________ n. 罪犯 adj. 犯罪的，犯法的 5. ____________ vt. 敦促，催促；大力推荐，竭力主张；驱赶，鞭策 n. 冲动，强烈的欲望→____________ adj.紧急的；急迫的→____________ n. 紧急；急迫 6. ____________ vt. 需要；强烈要求 n. 要求，所需之物；需求，需要→____________ adj.(工作)要求高的，费力的；(人)苛求的 7. ____________ adj. 贪心的，贪婪的→____________ n. 贪婪，贪心 8. ____________ n. 识别，认出；承认，认可；赞誉，赏识→____________ vt. 认出，识别；承认 9. ____________ n. 分发，分送；分配，分布→____________ vt. 分配；散布；分发 10. ____________ vt. 预言，预告→____________ n. 预测；预言 11. ____________ adj. 不合法的，非法的→____________ adj. 法律许可的，合法的→____________ adv. 法律上，合法地→____________ adv. 违法地，非法地 12. ____________ vt. & vi. 断定，推断出；达成，订立；(使)结束，终止→____________ n. 结论；推论 13. ____________ adj. 合乎情理的，事出有因的；有正当理由的→____________ vt. 证明……正当；替……辩护 14. ____________ vt. & vi. 吸引住(注意力、兴趣)；雇用，聘用；与……建立密切关系→____________ n. 婚约；约会→____________ adj. 忙于，从事于 15. ____________ adj. 乐观的，抱乐观看法的→____________ n. 乐观；乐观主义 16. ____________ vt. 使恼怒，使生气；打扰，骚扰→____________ adj. 愤怒的，生气的→____________ adj.讨厌的；恼人的→____________ n. 烦恼 17. ____________ n. 球体，球状物；地球仪；地球，世界→____________ adj.全球的；总体的；球形的 18. ____________ n. & vt. 羡慕，忌妒→____________ adj. 羡慕的；嫉妒的 题型二、核心短语 1. ____________(建)空中楼阁，幻想，空想 2. ____________略举几例 3. ____________受伤，受损，被害 4. ____________强行闯入，撬开；突然开始(笑、唱等)；顺利打入 5. ____________大量，大批 6. ____________暗中监视，窥探 7. ____________处于最前列，进入重要地位 8. ____________许多，大量 9. ____________归结为，基本问题是 10. ____________在牺牲(或损害)……的情况下 11. ____________大量 12. ____________有能力做某事 题型三、一词多用 commit 1. On balance, I think I would rather not commit myself to ________(go) with you. 2. This development area is ________(commit) to creating a perfect investment environment. 3. If you are serious about our relationship, you should make a ________(commit). urge 1. There is an ________(urge) need for food and water in the flood-stricken area. 2. The government said that it would deal with this as a matter of ________(urge). 3. With the support of his family, he feels ________ urge to start a company of his own. 4.老师经常敦促我们尽可能多地读英文原著。 The teacher often ________ as many books in original English as possible. warning 1. She took no notice of the ________(warn) signs of trouble ahead. 2. Notices in several languages have been put up at highway service stations to warn foreign visitors ________ the rules. 3.医生经常发出警告不要吃垃圾食品。 Doctors often issue ________________ eating junk food. demand 1. He came charging into my room and demanded ________(know) what was going on.   2. She demands a free ticket for tonight’s concert ________ me. 3. They are demanding that all troops ________(withdraw).   4. 我写信想知道你们是否在增加产量,以满足我们对该产品的需求。 I’m writing to know whether you are increasing production to ________________ the product. recognition 1. There is a general ________(recognise) of the urgent need for reform. 2. The teenager was brave enough to save the woman’s life and recognized ________ a hero. 3. 这个村子已变得认不出来了,一排排的工厂建在以前的农田上。 The village has changed ________________, with rows of factories built on what used to be farmlands.   alternative 1. New ways to treat arthritis(关节炎) may provide an alternative ________ painkillers. 2. For humans, there is no alternative but ________(take) immediate action to stop pollution.   3. 当时我别无选择,只好满足他的要求。 At that moment, I ________________ his demands.   break into 1. His house was broken ________ last night, for his family were on holiday. 2. I am encouraged to break away ________ old forms and rules. 3. I broke ________ the poverty barrier and it was education that did it. 4. 她一走出视线就突然开始跑。 The moment she was out of sight she ________________. threaten 1. The boss threatened ________(dismiss) him if he continued to turn up late for work.   2. Many species are now threatened ________ extinction. 3. Drugs pose a major threat ________ our society. 4. 动物的生存已经受到了人类活动的威胁。 The existence of animals ________________ human activities. distribution 1. The volunteers are distributing food and blankets ________ the homeless people. 2. The map shows the ________(distribute) of this species across the world. 3. 春节期间,对中国人来说,在朋友和亲戚之间分发红包很常见。 It’s common for the Chinese people to ________ “hongbao” ________ friends and relatives during the Spring Festival. predict 1. Great advancements in disaster ________(predict) have been made in recent years. 2. He was unwilling to make a prediction ________ which books would sell well in the coming year. 3. 据预测,有着与人类智力水平相当的机器人最早会在2029年面世。 ________________ robots with human-level intelligence could arrive as early as the year 2029. decrease 1. The number of new students decreased from 210 ________ 160 this year. 2. The price of wheat has decreased ________ 15% in the past year. 3.据统计,今年我市肥胖青少年的人数减少了10%。 According to the statistics, the number of obese teenagers in our city ________________ 10% this year. deny 1. The man denied ________(damage) his neighbor’s car on purpose. 2. There’s no denying(the fact) ________ quicker action could have saved them. 3. It can’t be denied that we need to devote more resources to this problem. →________________ we need to devote more resources to this problem. quantity 1. With more and more forests cut down, large quantities of soil ________(be) being washed away. 2. After some initial problems, chocolate was successfully produced ________ quantity. 3. 我知道你曾经参加过机器人大赛并获奖,所以你一定积累了大量的经验。 I know you once participated in the Robotics Competition and won the award,so you must have accumulated ________________experience.  Bury 1. He buried his face ________ his hands and wept. 2. The day after the ________(bury) was cold and foggy. 3. 由于专心看书,她没注意到妈妈进来了。 →________________ the book, she didn’t notice Mother come in. →________________ the book, she didn’t notice Mother come in. conclude 1. He concluded ________ their remarks that they were not in favour of the plan. 2. The programme concluded ________ Stravinsky’s Rite of Spring. 3. New evidence might lead to the ________(conclude) that we are wrong. 4. 最后,我要感谢你的及时帮助。 ________________, I would like to thank you for your timely help. spy 1. That day he spied ________ her while pretending to work on the shrubs. 2. The police are spying ________ the murder secretly. 3.我突然发现远处有个人影在移动。 Suddenly I ________________in the distance. engage 1. She has the ability to engage ________ these young men. 2. It’s said that she has been ________(engage) to Peter. 3. He has a number of social ________(engage)next week, so he will be very busy. 4.没有您的指导和鼓励,我们不可能取得如此大的进步,所以我们决定聘请您做我们的向导。 Without your guidance and encouragement, we couldn’t have made so great progress, so we decide to ________________ our guide. annoy 1. I was annoyed ________ him because he kept interrupting me while I was speaking. 2. Her most ________(annoy) habit is eating with her mouth open. 3. A dog that barks constantly can be a source of ________(annoy) to the neighbors. 4. To our annoyance, they finally decided not to come. →________________ was that they finally decided not to come. expense 1. Last night, we were taken out for a meal ________ the company’s expense. 2. I got very nervous because I was using a lot of ________(expense) equipment. 3.我们不能以破坏环境为代价来发展经济。 We can’t develop the economy ________________ destroying the environment. envy 1. They looked ________ envy at her latest purchase. 2. Well, it’s a great chance for you and I’m quite ________(envy). 3. 当玛丽在舞台上主持晚会时,她的同事们都羡慕地看着她。 When Mary conducted the evening party on the stage, her colleagues looked at her ________________. 题型四、单句语法填空 1. In time, Tang Yin(1470—1524) gained ________(recognize) as one of the greatest artists China has ever known. 2. Don’t be ________(greed) — leave some cake for others. 3. The audience broke ________ applause when the star walked on stage. 4. Our ________(capable) for giving care, love, and attention is limited. 5. We must make ________(mass) efforts to improve the situation. 6. The dark clouds gathering on the horizon were a clear ________(warn) of the approaching storm that would soon sweep across the plains. 7. Distinct from other girls, she had a strong passion for science and ________(commit) her whole life to scientific research. 8. I thought she had retired, but ________(apparent) she hasn’t. 9. He quickly assessed what ________(alternative) were open to him. 10. Hacking into someone’s personal accounts without permission is not only unethical but also ________(legal) in most countries, with severe legal consequences. 11. It’s obvious that he denied ________(copy) the design of others and defended himself. 12. Pork prices are ________(predict) to rise by over 10% during the Spring Festival time. 13. With my strong ________(academy) background, I am competent and qualified for the job. 14. Learning some ________(practice) phrases in the local language before traveling may help your travel smoother and more enjoyable. 15. Can you give a more precise ________(define) of the word? 16. It’s an interesting idea but there are many ________(practice) difficulties. 17. There is no general agreement on a standard ________(define) of intelligence. 18. Nowadays, having already been listed as Provincial Intangible Cultural Heritage sugar painting is engaging ________(it) in the general public entertainment. 19. I look up to Helen because she is ________(optimism) about life even in great trouble. 20. ________(initial), silk was the main item exported along the network because its weight was light and its value was high. 题型五、单词拼写 1. Extracurricular activities can enhance a________(connected with education, especially studying in schools and universities) performance by reducing stress. 2. Grace always stays o________ about her future, believing everything will work out. 3. Nothing is difficult for a person who is brave, ________(乐观的) and willing to work hard. 4. The test was to assess(评价) ability rather than ________(学业的) achievement. 5. With the advancement of technology, v________ reality has become an increasingly popular form of entertainment. 题型六、完成句子 1. 我热爱生活在广州的原因有很多，美食、文化、夜生活等等，仅举几例。 There are many reasons why I love living in Guangzhou, the food, the culture, the night life, ________________. 2. 这不仅是授予我个人的荣誉，也是对全体中国科学家的鼓励和认可。 This is ________ ________ an honour for myself, ________ ________ encouragement and ________ for all scientists in China. 3. 贾森拦下一辆出租车，提着手提箱跳上车，催促司机马上离开。 Jason ________________, ________________ and ________________. 4. 我说：“没有你的认可和指导，我不可能写这篇文章。再次非常感谢！” I said, “________________, I couldn’t have written this article. Again thank you very much!” 5.(2024-2025学年高二上·江苏扬州·期中)数据表明，越来越多的交通事故是由驾驶员的不当行为造成的。 Statistics suggest that an increasing number of traffic accidents ________ ________ ________ drivers’ misbehavior. 6. 多亏他们的共同努力，研究终于取得了重大突破。(breakthrough) Thanks to their joint efforts, ________________ in the research. 7. 这位导演说，他的最新电影将成为一个有价值的警示故事，提醒人们不要成为网络诈骗的受害者。 The director said that his latest movie would serve as a valuable cautionary tale, reminding people not to ________________ cyberscams. 8. 我们一到露营地，妈妈就迫不及待地冲了出去，兴奋地催促我们搭帐篷。 The moment we arrived at the camping place, ________________________.(动作描写+副词) 9. 他们在度假时，汽车被撬开了。 While they were on holiday，they ________________________. 10.(2024-2025学年高二上·北京·期中)最终，问题常常归结为缺乏沟通。 Ultimately, the problem often ________ ________ ________ a lack of communication. 11. 随着AI的迅速发展，用不了多久它们就会成为我们日常生活的一部分。(long before) With the rapid developments of AI, ________________________. 12. 在电子商务方面，中国往往处于潮流的最前列。 China tends to be ________ ________ ________ ________ trends when it comes to e-commerce. 题型一、语篇语法填空 (2024-2025学年高二下·河南周口·期末) The Luban Lock: Ancient Puzzle of Wisdom Originating in ancient China, the Luban Lock is a three-dimensional puzzle 1 (make) entirely of wood without nails or glue. Named after the legendary craftsman Lu Ban, this delicate device 2 (consist) of six special sticks that interlock precisely through mortise-and-tenon(榫卯) joints. For centuries, it 3 (serve) not only as a toy but also as a mental exercise for scholars, requiring 4 (space) reasoning to assemble and disassemble. Traditional Luban Locks were often made from rare woods like mahogany or sandalwood, 5 surfaces were carved with patterns of clouds or dragons. Craftsmen would spend weeks refining each groove(槽) to ensure precise connection. Modern versions now feature 6 STEM education globally, demonstrating principles of geometry 7 physics. To solve 8 puzzle, one must rotate(旋转) the sticks at specific angles, applying gentle pressure to avoid damaging the delicate structure. Failure to follow the sequence usually leads to frustrating dead 9 (end). Ironically, this “unlockable” lock symbolizes harmony — only through patience and logic can its pieces coexist 10 (perfect). 题型二、应用文写作 (2024-2025学年河北省雄安新区雄安十校7月期末英语试题)假定你是高一学生李华，你校即将举行以“How to Use the Internet Wisely”为主题的演讲比赛。请你写一篇演讲稿参赛，内容包括： 1.网络的重要性； 2.如何合理使用网络。 注意：1.写作词数应为80左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear fellow students, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$