UNIT 1 Section Ⅰ Topic talk & Lesson 1（Word教参）-【优化指导】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第一册（北师大版2019）

Section Ⅰ　Topic talk & Lesson 1 [对应学生用书P2] 1．previous adj.以前的，先前的 2．schedule n．日程表，计划表 3．positive n．优势，优点 adj.积极的 4．pressure n．压力 5．arise vi.(问题或困难)出现，发生 6．revise vi.& vt.复习 7．range n．一系列 8．quality n．质量，品质 9．addict n．对……着迷的人 10．update vt.更新 11．voluntary adj.自愿的→volunteer v．自愿做→volunteer n．志愿者 12．differ vi.不同；相异→different adj.不同的→difference n.差异；不同 13．stress n．压力；忧虑→stressful adj.充满压力的，紧张的 14．challenge n．挑战；具有挑战性的事物vt.向……挑战→challenging adj.富有挑战性的 15．expectation n．期待的事物；预期→expect vt.期待，预料；指望→expected adj.预期的，预料的 16．confident adj.自信的→confidence n．自信，信心；信赖 17．injury n．伤，损害→injure vt.损害，伤害→injured adj.受伤的 18．fortunate adj.幸运的→fortunately adv.幸运地→unfortunately adv.不幸地；令人遗憾地 19．vary vi.变化，不同→variety n．多样；多样化→various adj.各种各样的；多种(类型)的 20．convenient adj.方便的，便利的→convenience n．方便，便利 21．actual adj.实际的，真实的→actually adv.实际上，事实上 1．all in all　　　　 总而言之，总的来说 2．from time to time 不时，有时；偶尔，间或 3．according to 根据，按照 4．in person 亲自 5．tend to do sth. 倾向于做某事 6．get ahead 取得进步；获得成功 7．a wide range of 大范围的 8．set out 动身 1．现在完成进行时 I've been using the computer since I was a kid. 我从还是孩子的时候就一直用电脑。 2．It's convenient to do sth. It's so convenient to be able to compare the quality and prices from different online shops before I buy. 在购物前能在不同的网络商店比较质量和价格是非常方便的。 3．同位语从句 According to them，there is a danger that I may not be able to tell whether these friends are real friends． 对他们来说，我可能不能够判断这些人是否是真朋友，这是危险的。 4．强调，do起加强语气的作用 Actually，I do know I need to drag myself away from the online world sometimes，... 事实上，我非常清楚我有时需要强迫自己不上网，…… 5．make＋宾语＋形容词(作宾语补足语) It always makes me excited to work hard and achieve a team goal together. 努力工作和伙伴们一起实现目标让我感到非常兴奋。 [单词巧记] Ⅰ.语境助记同根词 1．They are twin sisters.It's hard to tell the difference between them in appearance.However，they are different from each other in their habits and they also differ from each other in many ways.But that makes no difference. 她们是孪生姐妹。在外表上很难区分她们，然而，她们在习惯上各不相同，在许多方面也各不相同。但这并没有影响。 2．He made a quick recovery from his illness，which made his mother recover from the anxiety. 他的病很快就好了，这使他母亲从焦虑中恢复过来。 Ⅱ.语境助记同义词 Although a new economic crisis has arisen and prices are also rising，I want to raise some money to set up a school. 尽管又爆发了一次新的金融危机，而且物价也在上涨，但是我还是想筹集一些钱来建一所学校。 Ⅲ.词缀助记派生词 1．形容词后缀：­ful，­ing，­ious stress (n.) →stressful challenge (v.)→challenging vary(v.)→various 2．副词后缀：­ly unfortunate (adj.)→unfortunately definite (adj.)→definitely actual (adj.)→actually 3．名词后缀：­ence，­ce，­ation competent (adj.)→competence confident (adj.)→confidence distant (adj.)→distance convenient(adj.)→convenience expect(v.)→expectation Ⅳ.合成词一族 life＋style＝lifestyle hard＋ware＝hardware up＋date＝update [短语助记] 1．v.＋out→动词短语 set out 动身 give out 发出；放出 bring out 使显现；弄明白 hand out 分发 2．v.＋ahead→动词短语 go ahead 前进；进行 look ahead 预测未来 lie ahead 在前面；即将发生 [对应学生用书P4] 一、读文清障 词块解惑 教材原文 句式释疑 ① find sb. doing sth. 发现某人在做某事 ②in front of 在……前面 ③digital native自幼就熟悉信息技术的人 ④a wide range of大范围的；许多；各种不同的 ⑤chat with 同……聊天 ⑥watch films看电影 ⑦such as例如 ⑧be able to会；能够 ⑨from time to time不时；有时 ⑩play tennis打网球 ⑪an Internet addict 一个互联网成瘾者 ⑫play computer games玩电脑游戏 ⑬all the time 始终；一直 ⑭too much太多 ⑮online friends网友 ⑯according to根据；按照 ⑰keep doing sth.一直做某事 ⑱go out出去 ⑲in person亲自 ⑳social media社交媒体 drag sb. away from 把某人从……拖走 I'm a...digital native! I'm Joe, a student from London. You'll often find me sitting ①in front of② my laptop. The online world is a big part of my life. I'm a“digital native③”—I've been using the computer since I was a kid. I do a wide range of④things online. Besides doing all my schoolwork， I chat with⑤my friends，watch films⑥and read the daily news and other interesting articles；I also shop for various things online，such as⑦books, computer hardware and other necessities. It's so convenient to be able to⑧ compare the quality and prices from different online shops before I buy. I also play computer games from time to time⑨and I even play tennis⑩on my television screen in my living room! My parents are worried that I may become an“Internet addict⑪ ”. They think I'm playing computer games⑫ all the time⑬ and I chat too much⑭ with online friends⑮. According to⑯them, there is a danger that I may not be able to tell whether these friends are real friends. My mum keeps telling⑰me to go out⑱ with my school friends instead. Maybe she's right. It's important to meet friends in person⑲from time to time, not just on social media⑳.Actually, I doknow I need to drag myself away from the online world sometimes, especially because real life can be just as interesting. 与Joe之间是同位关系。 since引导时间状语从句，常常与现在完成时连用。 介词后往往接动词的­ing形式作介词宾语。 it作形式主语，其真正的主语是后面的不定式短语to be able to compare...; before引导的是一个时间状语从句。 that引导宾语从句。 that引导同位语从句，对danger进行解释说明。 句型It's＋adj.(for sb.) to do sth.对某人来说做某事是……的。 do表示强调，起加强语气的作用。 because引导原因状语从句。 续表 词块解惑 教材原文 句式释疑 go­getter老手；能干的人 set goals＝set a goal设定目标 set out to do something着手做某事；开始做某事 do one's best尽某人最大努力 senior secondary school高中 a part of 一部分 tend to do sth.倾向于做某事 at the beginning of起初；在……开始的时候 do well做得好 favourite subject最喜欢的科目 prepare for为……做准备；使……做准备 so that 结果是；所以 have free time to do sth.有空做某事 be interested in对……感兴趣 after school放学后 of all kinds各种各样的 have a top 10 reading list 有一个前十的阅读清单 try to do sth.尽力做某事 an active member of一位积极的成员 long­distance running team长跑队 volunteering club志愿者俱乐部 work hard 努力学习；辛勤工作 use my time well利用好我的时间 spare time业余时间 for example例如 by bus坐公交 as the popular saying goes 俗话说得好 get ahead获得成功；取得进步 I'm a．..go­getter！ I'm Li Ying. I like to set goals for myself. I'm a “go­getter”—when I set out to do something， I do my best to achieve it. Senior secondary school is a new start. Studying is definitely a big part of my life. I tend to set a goalfor every subject at the beginning of each term. My aim is to do wellin every subject this term. Biology is my favourite subject, and my target is to prepare myself for my degree in biology at university. I am always attentive in all classes and think actively, so thatI can have more free time to do other thingsthat I'm interested in after school. I like reading books of all kinds.I have a top 10 reading list and I try to keep it updated. Meanwhile, I'm an active member of my school's long­distance running team and volunteering club. It always makes me excitedto work hard and achieve a team goal together. To achieve all I want， I must use my time well. At school, I do my homework when I have spare time.After school, I try to use any possible time to revise the things I have learnt during the day. For example, it usually takes me 20 minutes to get home by bus. I often use the time to review English words. As the popular saying goes ，“Every minute counts！” Set a goal and get ahead. when引导时间状语从句。 动名词或动名词短语作主语，谓语动词用单数第三人称形式。 不定式短语作表语。 so that引导目的状语从句。 that引导定语从句。 keep sth. done结构；updated在此结构中作宾补。 make sb. adj.结构；excited在此结构中作宾补。 不定式短语作目的状语。同时，I want作all的定语，并且省略了关系词that。 when引导时间状语从句。 I have learnt是定语从句，修饰the things。 句型“it takes sb.some time to do sth.花费某人一些时间做某事”。 as引导非限制性定语从句，表示“正如”。 二、语篇研读 1．Discussing—Look at the following pictures and discuss what kind of lifestyles that we should have. 2．Predicting—Look at the pictures and read the title of the passage on Page 8，9 and predict what the text is probably about? The passage is probably about the different lifestyles of the two students. 1．Joe can do a lot of things online except ． A．playing tennis B．buying various things C．chatting with his friends D．going out with real friends 2．Why does Joe often buy things online? A．Because it is necessary. B．Because he has no time to go out. C．Because it is convenient. D．Because the things online are of high quality. 3．Joe thinks he needs to keep away from the online world sometimes，because ． A．he can't tell these friends are real friends B．his mother doesn't want him online all the time C．real life can be just as interesting as the life online D．he becomes an “Internet addict” 4．Li Ying is more attentive in all classes to ． A．get a science degree B．set a goal C．read more books D．have more free time to do things she likes 答案：1～4　DCCD Joe 1.has been using(use)the computer since he was very young.He does 2.various(vary)things online，such as doing all his homework，chatting with his friends，watching films，buying some 3.necessities(necessary)and so on.He thinks 4.it is convenient to compare the quality and prices from different online shops.His parents are 5.worried(worry).They think he chats with online friends so much 6.that he can't tell whether these friends are real friends. Li Ying is in senior secondary school.She thinks studying is a big part of her life.She tends 7.to set(set)a goal for all subjects at the beginning of the term.She aims to do well 8.in every subject especially science.She likes reading all kinds of books.To achieve her aims，she tries to do 9.her(she)homework when she has spare time and try to use any possible time to revise 10.what she has learnt during the day. [对应学生用书P8] 1．(教材P6) I feel excited because this school differs in many ways from my previous one.我感到很兴奋，因为这所学校在很多方面与我以前的学校不同。 differ vi.不同，不一样；有区别 (1)differ from... 与……不同 differ in... 在……方面不同 (2)be different from... 与……不同 (3)make a/no difference 有/无影响 tell the difference between A and B指出A与B的不同 ①British English differs obviously from American English in pronunciation and spelling. →British English is obviously different (differ) from American English in pronunciation and spelling. →There are obvious differences (different) between British English and American English in pronunciation and spelling. 英国英语在发音和拼写方面与美国英语明显不同。 ②Can you tell the difference between the girl and her little sister? 你能区分那个女孩和她妹妹之间的差别么？ 2．(教材P100)All in all，I hope to have a happier，more fruitful and satisfying life in my new school.总的来说，我希望在我的新学校中有一个更快乐、更丰硕、更令人满意的生活。 all in all 总而言之，总的来说 above all 尤其是；首先；最重要的是 after all 毕竟，终究 at all 丝毫；根本 in all 总共 ①But above all tell me quickly what I have to do. 可首先快些告诉我该做什么。 ②After all，your birthday is only two weeks away. 毕竟，两周后就是你的生日。 ③He doesn't like you at all. 他根本不喜欢你。 ④There are 25，000 Inuits in all. 共有25 000因努伊特人。 3．(教材P100)I have no regrets as I love solving problems helping people recover from illnesses and injuries．我不后悔，因为我喜欢解决问题，帮助人们从疾病和伤害中恢复过来。 injury n.损伤；伤害 (1)do an injury to 对……造成伤害 (2)injure vt. 伤害；损伤 (3)injured adj. 受伤的；受损伤的 the injured 伤员；受伤的人 ①What you said was an injury to her fame. 你所说的话有损她的名声。 ②Your words do an injury to the little girl. 你的言语伤害了这个小女孩。 ③After the big earthquake，the injured (injure) had no access to the medical rescue immediately. 大地震后，伤员不能立即获得医疗上的救援。 4．(教材P100)Unfortunately, the job can also be stressful, especially when challenges arise and I work so much that I feel I don't see my family enough.不幸的是，这份工作也会很有压力，尤其是当挑战出现的时候，我工作太多，觉得没有足够的时间和家人在一起。 challenge n.挑战vt.向……挑战 (1)face the challenge 面对挑战 accept/take up a challenge 接受挑战 (2)challenge sb.to sth. 向某人挑战某事 challenge sb.to do sth. 向某人挑战做某事 (3)challenging adj. 具有挑战性的 challenged adj. 受到挑战的 ①I want to challenge him to a game of basketball. 我想和他比赛一场篮球。 ②In the coming three years, our school life will be challenging(challenge). 在即将到来的三年里，我们的学校生活将具有挑战性。 ③Exploring outer space is a challenge to mankind. 探索外层空间是对人类的挑战。 ④Though his arms hurt, Steven planned to challenge himself, cycling the 250­mile route alone. 尽管手臂受伤，史蒂文还是打算挑战一下自己，独自骑行250英里。 [名师点津]　challenge本身已含有“向……；对……”的意义，因而不要再加多余的to。 向某人挑战 5．(教材P100)Unfortunately, the job can also be stressful, especially when challenges arise and I work so much that I feel I don't see my family enough.不幸的是，这份工作也会很有压力，尤其是当挑战出现的时候，我工作太多，觉得没有足够的时间和家人在一起。 arise vi.(问题或困难)出现，发生 arise from/out of...由…… 引起＝result from when the need/problem arises 当需要/问题出现时 arise against... 奋起反抗…… 写出下列句中arise的含义 ①Seeing his mother return home，the boy arose from his chair immediately.起身；站起 ②When the new problems arise one after another, they will try their best to solve them.出现 ③They arose at sunrise to get an early start to the park.起床 ④Accidents often arise from carelessness.产生；发生 [图形助记] [名师点津]　arise作“呈现；出现；发生”之意时，主语多为下列名词；argument，problem，quarrel，question，movement等，多指不好的事情发生。 6．(教材P8)I do a wide range of things online.我在网上做各种事情。 a range of 一系列；各种 (1)range n. 变化范围；等级；类别 v. (范围)涉及；排列；把……分类 range from A to B 从A到B变动 range between...and... 在……和……范围内变动 (2)within/in range (of sth.) 在可及的范围内 out of range (of sth.) 超出……的范围 out of one's range超出某人的范围 ①The hotel offers a wide range of facilities and services. 酒店提供一系列设施和服务。 ②He has a number of interests，ranging (range) from playing chess to swimming. 他的爱好很多，从下棋到游泳。 ③The cat stayed well out of range of the children. 这只猫离孩子们远远的。 ④The price of the car is out of his range． 这辆车的价格超出了他的承受范围。 [图形助记] 7．(教材P8)I also shop for various things online，such as books，computer hardware and other necessities.我也在网上买各种各样的东西，像书、电脑硬盘和其他一些必需品。 various adj. 各种各样的；多种(类型)的 (1)variety n. 种类；多样化 a variety of/varieties of 多种多样的 (2)vary v. 变化，不同 vary with... 随……而变化 vary from...to... 从……到……变化不等 vary in在…… 方面变化 ①At the class meeting，the students had various/a variety of opinions. 班会上，学生们提出了不同的意见。 ②However，views on this issue vary from person to person. 然而，不同的人对这个问题有不同的看法。 ③A variety of books are (be)on the desk. 桌子上有各种各样的书。 ④The variety of his books is (be)astonishing. 他的书多得惊人。 [名师点津]　a variety of＋名词，作主语时，谓语动词原则上与它所修饰的名词的数保持一致；the variety of＋复数名词，意为“……的品种”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 8．(教材P8)It's so convenient to be able to compare the quality and prices from different online shops before I buy.在购物前，能在不同的网络商店比较质量和价格是非常方便的。 convenient adj.方便的，便利的 (1)if convenient 如果方便的话 It is convenient for sb.to do... 对某人来说做某事很方便 (2)convenience n. 方便；便利；便利的事物 at one's convenience 在某人方便时 for convenience 为方便起见 for the convenience of 为了方便…… ①Students think it is convenient for them to communicate with the outside world by using cell phones. 学生们认为用手机与外界交流很方便。 ②I hope you can send me an answer at your convenience(convenient). 我希望你能在方便的时候给我回信。 ③We bought this house for convenience；it's near the shops. 为了方便起见，我们买了这座房子，它离商店近。 [名师点津]　(1)convenient作表语时，不能用表示人的名词或代词作主语，多用于It is convenient for sb.to do...这一句型中。 (2)convenience意为“方便；便利”时为不可数名词；表示“便利的事物；便利设施”时为可数名词。 9．(教材P8)My parents are worried that I may become an “Internet addict”．我父母担心我可能成为一个有“网瘾的人”。 addict n.对……着迷的人 (1)addict v．使沉溺；使成瘾 addict oneself to (doing) sth.沉溺于(做)某事 (2)addicted adj.入了迷的；上了瘾的 be/get addicted to (doing) sth.沉溺于(做)某事 (3)addiction n．入迷；上瘾 ①Now many children addict themselves to playing computer games. 许多孩子现在迷上了玩电脑游戏。 ②It doesn't take a long time to become addicted to these drugs. 服用这些毒品不用很长时间就会上瘾。 ③She helped him fight his drug addiction(addict). 她帮助他戒毒。 10．(教材P9)I tend to set a goal for every subject at the beginning of the term.我倾向于学期开始定下每门课的目标。 tend to do sth. 易于做某事；倾向于做某事 (1)tend vi. 趋向；易于；照顾 vt. 照顾；护理 tend to/towards sth.朝某方向 (2)tendency n. 倾向；趋势 have a tendency to do sth.有做某事的倾向 ①She tended the sick and wounded. 她看护病人和伤者。 ②Lacking necessary social experience，teenagers tend to be taken(take) in by ill people. 由于缺乏必要的社会经验，青少年很容易被坏人欺骗。 ③I tend to have(have)a different answer，depending on the family. 根据家庭的不同，我往往会给出不同的答案。 ④These plants have a tendency (tend) to grow in the more rural areas. 这些植物大多生长在偏远的乡村。 11．(教材P9)Set a goal and get ahead！确定一个目标，取得成功！ get ahead 取得进步，获得成功 ahead of 在……前面；领先；早于 go ahead 前进；着手；进行；去做吧；开始吧 get to 到达 get across (使)通过；(使)理解 get through 通过；度过；完成；接通(电话) get over 恢复；克服 go ahead with开始做，着手干 ①Exercising makes you more awake and ready to handle whatever is ahead of you for the day. 锻炼能让你更清醒，随时准备好迎接你的未来。 ②He is determined to get ahead of others in studies, so he works day and night. 他决心在学习上超过别人，所以他夜以继日地学习。 ③How would they get over that problem，he wondered. 他们会怎么解决那个问题？他寻思着。 ④I don't know how poor people got through those cold winters. 我不知道穷人们是怎样熬过那些寒冬的。 12．(教材P8)According to them，there is a danger that I may not be able to tell whether these friends are real friends.对他们来说，我可能不能判断这些人是否是真朋友，这是危险的。 [句式点拨]　句中的that I may not be able to tell whether these friends are real friends是that引导的同位语从句，解释说明a danger的内容。 在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句，常常跟在fact，idea，opinion，news，hope，belief等名词后面，用以说明该名词表示的具体内容，可以由名词、代词、短语及句子来充当同位语。同位语从句是名词性从句，其作用相当于一个名词，对前面抽象名词作进一步的说明和解释。 ①The leader refused the requirement that we (should) enter(enter) the hall. 这个负责人拒绝了我们进入大厅的要求。 ②The idea that you can do this work well without thinking is quite wrong. 你认为不动脑筋就能做好这项工作的想法是完全错误的。 ③People used to hold the belief that the earth was the center of the universe. 人们曾认为地球是宇宙的中心。 ④There is some doubt whether he will come. 他是否会来还不一定。 [名师点津]　引导词that在同位语从句中是连词，只起连接作用，无具体词义，that不可省略。 13．(教材P9)It always makes me excited to work hard and achieve a team goal together.努力工作和伙伴们一起实现团队目标让我感到非常兴奋。 [句式点拨]　句中的makes me excited是“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，此处用形容词作补足语。 make 常用复合结构如下： make sb./sth. ①Our teacher makes us feel(feel) more confident. 老师使得我们感到更自信了。 ②Can you make it suitable(suit)for children? 你能不能使它更适合孩子？ ③People in the West make it a rule to buy Christmas presents for their relatives and friends. 西方国家的人常在圣诞节时给亲属和朋友购买礼物。 ④The strange noise made us frightened(frighten). 奇怪的声音使我们感到恐惧。 [名师点津]　“make sb./sth.do”结构如果用于被动语态，必须加to。 ⑤The boy was made to work twelve hours a day. 这个男孩被迫每天干十二个小时的活。 [对应学生用书P13] 动词不定式 1．My mum keeps telling me to go out with my school friends instead. 2．It's important to meet friends in person from time to time，not just on social media. 3．When I set out to do something，I give it my all to achieve it. 4．My biggest target is to prepare myself for my degree in science in university. 5．I often use the time to review English words. 6．Li Ying is the first person to join the volunteering club in her class. [自我归纳] 不定式由“to＋动词原形”构成，其否定形式是“not to＋动词原形”，不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语，没有人称和数的变化，但是有时态和语态的变化。 一、不定式的种类 1．不定式有两种。一种是带to的不定式， 另一种是不带 to 的不定式。不带 to 的不定式和动词原形相同。 He wants to become a teacher. 他想成为一名教师。 I can help you remember that. 我可以帮助你记住那个。 2．不定式的形式 一般形式：to do 完成式：to have done 进行式：to be doing 一般式的被动形式：to be done 完成式的被动形式：to have been done 完成进行式：to have been doing 二、不定式的功能 (一)不定式作主语 动词不定式作主语可位于句首。 To stop the work now seems impossible. 现在停止工作似乎已经不可能。 To love and to be loved is the greatest happiness one can seek. 爱与被爱是一个人所能寻找的最大幸福。 [名师点津]　不定式作主语时，谓语动词用单数第三人称形式。 很多时候为了避免头重脚轻的现象，常以it 作为形式主语，而把不定式移到句子的后部。 It isn't right to gossip about others. 说闲话是不对的。 It was a pity to have to go without her. 她没能一起去真是可惜。 动词不定式作主语的常用句型有： 1．It is＋adj./n. (＋for sb./sth.) ＋ to do sth. ※用于此句型的形容词有：easy，hard，difficult，possible，important，impossible，necessary，good，bad，exciting，interesting，surprising等。 It is interesting to play this game. 玩这个游戏很有趣。 It is necessary for you to change your job. 你有必要换工作。 ※用于此句型的名词有：pity, shame, pleasure, one's duty, one's job, fun, joy, good manners, bad manners等。 What a pity it is for you to have missed such a wonderful film. 你错过了这么精彩的电影真是太遗憾了。 It is good manners for the young to give their seats to the old. 年轻人给老人让座是有礼貌的。 2．It is＋adj.＋of sb.＋to do sth. 该句型中只能使用描述某人的品德、特征的形容词，如： kind，nice，wise，silly，polite，impolite，friendly，foolish，clever等。 How rude it was of the boy to jump the queue! 这个男孩插队是多么粗鲁啊！ It is friendly of the family to try to make me feel at home in their house. 这家人很友好，设法让我在他们家里感到宾至如归。 3．It takes sb.＋some time＋to do sth. 该句型意为“做某事花费某人多长时间”。 It took us half an hour to ride to the town by bike. 我们骑自行车到镇上花了半个小时。 [即学即练]　单句语法填空 1．To learn a skill is(be) very important for everyone in society. 2．How silly it was of you to give up such a good chance! 3．It is necessary for young students to learn a foreign language. 4．It's our duty to help(help) the old persons. 5．It took the girl two hours to finish(finish) her homework. (二)不定式作宾语 ※常见的只能使用动词不定式作宾语的动词有：agree，choose，decide，hope，fail，wish，refuse，expect，manage，plan，intend，pretend，promise，offer，afford，demand，arrange等。 They decided to build a highway between these two cities. 他们决定在这两个城市之间修建一条公路。 She offered to help me when I was in trouble. 当我有困难时，她主动提出帮助我。 [名师点津]　动词help可用不带to的不定式作宾语。 不定式与连接(代)副词连用构成宾语从句。 Regular exercise will help (to)improve your health. 经常进行锻炼将会增进你的健康。 I hope you'll advise me what to do. 我希望你给我出主意怎么办好。 ※believe, think, consider, feel, make等动词可用于“动词＋it＋adj. / n＋to do sth.”句型，其中使用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语动词不定式置于句末。 I think it necessary for us to have a good rest after the long work. 我认为长时间的工作后我们有必要好好休息一下。 She felt it her duty to help the old woman. 她觉得帮助那位老太太是她的职责。 [即学即练]　完成句子 1．I couldn't decide which book to choose． 我决定不了选择哪本书。 2．They planned to complete the task ahead of the time. 他们计划提前完成任务。 3．We thought it our responsibilities to respect the old． 我们认为尊敬老人是我们的责任。 (三)不定式作表语 To learn a language is to use it. 学语言是为了使用语言。 ※ 动词不定式作表语常用于以下结构：My wish/ job/ aim/ goal is...及The next step/ measure is...等。 Your job is to type the papers in the office. 你的工作是在办公室里打文件。 The next measure is to stop the river from being polluted. 下一个措施是阻止这条河被污染。 [即学即练]　完成句子 1．To see is to believe． 眼见为实。 2．The next step is to make sure that you know exactly what is required. 下一步你要真正弄清楚需要的是什么。 3．The purpose of education is to develop a fine personality in children. 教育的目的是发展儿童完美的品格。 4．You must speak out，if we are to remain friends． 如果我们还想继续做朋友的话，你就必须痛痛快快地把话都说出来。 (四)不定式作定语 ※ 动词不定式作定语，应位于所修饰词语之后，即：作后置定语。 I have a lot of work to do. 我有很多工作要做。 He was the first athlete to get to the finishing line. 他是第一个到达终点的选手。 ※不定式作定语有时会用到被动形式。 You are invited to a party to be given at 7：00 p．m.on Dec.5. 请你参加将于十二月五日晚上七点举行的晚会。 ※下列名词后常接动词不定式作定语：ability，attempt，chance，courage，decision，effort，failure，promise，way，wish等。 But she gave up the chance to go abroad. 但她放弃了出国的机会。 ※由only, first, last, next以及序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词后，也常接不定式作定语。 Who was the last one to leave the classroom last night? 昨天晚上谁最后一个离开教室？ ※动词不定式与其所修饰的词之间往往有动宾关系，如果该不定式是不及物动词，或者该不定式本身有宾语，其后应有必要的介词。 She has a child to take care of. 她有一个孩子要照顾。 [即学即练]　单句语法填空 1．Have you got anything to eat (eat)? 2．She is always the first to answer (answer) questions. 3．Are you going to the conference to be held(hold) next week? 4．He has no friend to depend(depend) on. 5．He is not the kind of man to do(do) such things. (五)不定式作状语 ※be＋形容词＋不定式 He was delighted to see his old friend again. 他再见到他的老朋友感到很高兴。 She was afraid to go out at night. 她晚上不敢外出。 ※不定式作状语可以表示目的、原因、结果等。 A group of young people got together to discuss this question. 一群年轻人聚集在一起讨论这个问题。 I often read China Daily so as to improve my reading. 我常读《中国日报》以提高我的阅读。 ※不定式可作状语修饰整个句子。 To tell you the truth，the film was a great disappointment to me. 说实在的，那部影片使我大为失望。 [即学即练]　完成句子 1．We went there to see our grandparents． 我们去那里看望我们的祖父母。 2．I am very sorry to hear that． 听到这个消息我很难过。 3．She hurried home only to find her father dead. 她匆忙回家，却发现父亲已经死了。 4．To look at the picture, you will like it. 看这幅画，你会喜欢的。 (六)不定式作宾补 ※ 可后接动词不定式作宾补的动词有：advise, allow, ask, hear, order, see, tell, want, wish, watch等。 The doctor advised her not to eat too much sugar. 医生劝她不要吃太多的糖。 ※believe, consider, count, declare, deny, feel, find, guess, imagine，judge，know，prove，realize，suppose，think等动词后可接to be型不定式作宾补。 He declared himself to be a college student. 他自称是名大学生。 [名师点津]　(1)hope，demand，suggest等动词不能后接动词不定式作宾补。 [误]I hope my son to be back soon. [正]I hope my son will be back soon. [误]She suggests us to have a discussion about it. [正]She advises us to have a discussion about it. [正]She suggests that we (should) have a discussion about it. (2)在主动结构中，下列动词后作宾补的动词不定式应省略to：“五看”(see, watch, notice, observe, look at)“三使”(make, let, have)“两听”(hear, listen to)“一感觉”(feel)。 Who made him work all night long? 但是，改为被动结构后，应补出省略的to。 He was seen to break the window. [即学即练]　完成句子 1．I wish you to go to the meeting with me. 我希望你和我一起去开会。 2．The police proved him to be a thief． 警察证实他是小偷。 3．The teacher asked us to finish our homework． 老师叫我们完成家庭作业。 4．She wanted him to sing for her friends． 她想让他为她的朋友唱歌。 5．The policeman told the boys not to play in the street． 警察告诉孩子们别在街上玩耍。 [对应学生用书P17] 1．All senior(高级的)officers involved in the coup will have to be removed. 2．He has been forced to adjust his schedule(日程表). 3．The players had to change their daily routine and lifestyle(生活方式). 4．There's a digital(数字的)watch on the table. 5．They decided to update(更新)the computer systems. 6．Many of the plants are native (本地的) to Brazil. 7．In the light of recent discoveries，it may be necessary to revise (复习) our previous theory. 8．Everyone can greatly improve the quality(质量) of life. 9．One afternoon，I grew bored and actually(实际上) fell asleep for a few minutes. 10．The college has a beautiful campus(校园). 1．The good news made us excited(excite). 2．The news that his health is failing made us sad. 3．We can see the mountain in the distance(distant). 4．Prices tended to rise(rise)year by year，but at a modest rate. 5．It was a great convenience(convenient)to have the doctor living near us. 6．She made the children glad in a variety(various)of ways. 7．Unexpected difficulties arose(arise)in the course of their experiment. 8．The economy is at last beginning to recover (recover). 9．Against all expectations(expect)，the play was greatly welcomed. 10．I enjoy doing something more challenging(challenge). 1．He couldn't make himself heard above the noise of the traffic. 在交通嘈杂声中他无法使自己的声音提高到让别人听到。 2．Do arrive at the park on time. 务必按时到达公园。 3．Along with the letter was his promise that he would visit me this coming Christmas． 随信一起来的是他的承诺，他说会在即将到来的圣诞节来看我。 4．The price of this kind of shirt varies from 6 to 12 dollars． 这种衬衫的价格从6美元到12美元不等。 5．It is convenient for us to be able to use computers. 能够使用电脑对我们很方便。 (一)单句语法填空 1．I am sorry to give(give)you so much trouble.And thank you for your help. 2．The doctor told the child to eat(eat)less and sleep more. 3．They were made to work(work)twenty hours every day. 4．We didn't know when to start(start). 5．To master(master)English, we must work hard at it. 6．Would you like to have(have)a cup of coffee? 7．It is rude to stare(stare)at a foreign visitor. 8．We were asked to work(work)in the countryside. 9．No one told her what to do(do)next. 10．Is it necessary to tell(tell)his father everything? (二)完成句子 1．It is nice not to be dependent on them． 不依靠他们是好的。 2．She failed to finish the assignment in time，and she was worried about it. 她没有及时完成任务，她对此感到很担心。 3．They are to marry next week. 他们将在下周结婚。 4．I have a lot of work to finish today. 我今天有许多工作要完成。 5．He would be the last to agree to the plan． 他决不会同意这项计划。 6．With much money to spend，the boy was spoiled. 那个男孩花钱如流水，被惯坏了。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$