WELCOME UNIT Section Ⅲ Discovering Useful Structures（Word教参）-【优化指导】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第一册（人教版2019）

Section Ⅲ　Discovering Useful Structures 句子成分和简单句的基本句型结构 [观察] 1．My name is Amy. 2．A boy meets a girl during a break. 3．We must act. 4．The teacher found the classroom empty. 5．My mum bought me a new dictionary. [探究] 1．判断以上句子的句子结构 A．主语＋谓语 B．主语＋系动词＋表语 C．主语＋谓语＋宾语＋状语 D．主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语 E．主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋直接宾语 句1 B；句2 C；句3 A；句4 D；句5 E。 2．以上5个句子都是简单句。 1．英语句子一般由哪些成分组成？ 根据英语词汇在英语句子中的地位和作用，英语句子的成分可分为主语、谓语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语等。 2．英语中常见的简单句有多少种基本句型？ 8种。 一、句子成分 句子的组成成分叫句子成分，也叫句法成分。在句子中，词与词之间有一定的组合关系，按照不同的关系，可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。句子成分由词或词组充当。 根据英语词汇在英语句子中的地位和作用，英语句子的成分可分为主语、谓语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语等。 (一)主语(subject) [感知] 1．It was really a pleasant trip to Beijing.(代词) 2．The accident happened yesterday evening.(名词) 3．It is important to save electricity.(代词；动词不定式) 4．Cycling and boating are my favorite free time interests.(动词­ing形式) 5．There was a huge pond just a few kilometers away from my home.(名词短语) 6．(2024·北京卷)Will you be going，Amy？(代词) [归纳] 主语是句子所要说明或描述的人或事物，一般由名词(短语)、代词、数词、动词不定式(短语)、动词­ing形式或从句等充当。主语一般位于句首，但并非总是出现在句首(如倒装句、疑问句和一些特殊句式)。 [即练] 　用下划线画出下列句子中的主语 1．I was wrong. 2．The_class was difficult. 3．Swimming is my favourite. 4．It is important to_learn_English． (二)谓语(predicate) [感知] 1．(2024·新课标 Ⅰ 卷)To be honest，I hated it！(动词) 2．The owner couldn't believe it.(情态动词＋动词原形) 3．(2023·新课标 Ⅰ 卷)I did not love writing.(助动词＋动词原形) 4．David and his men were preparing for the journey.(be动词＋动词­ing形式) [归纳] 1．谓语是对主语动作或状态的陈述或说明，指出“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样”。 2．谓语分为简单谓语和复合谓语。简单谓语由一个动词或动词词组构成，复合谓语由“情态动词或其他助动词＋动词(原形或其他形式)”构成。 [即练] 　用下划线画出下列句子中的谓语 1．I want to make a good first impression. 2．I couldn't_concentrate_on the experiment. 3．I didn't_feel awkward or frightened at all. (三)宾语(object) [感知] 1．We took a train to Guangzhou in the evening.(名词短语) 2．He often helps me.(代词) 3．He likes watching TV.(动词­ing形式) 4．He likes to watch TV.(动词不定式) 5．I gave her my address.(直接宾语为名词短语，间接宾语为代词) [归纳] 宾语就是动作的对象，是行为或动作的承受者。宾语常位于动词或介词后。通常由名词(短语)、代词、动词­ing形式和动词不定式(短语)等充当。 及物动词可以直接跟宾语，不及物动词需要加相应的介词才可以跟宾语。,\s\do4(　,))Ｂ [即练] 　用下划线画出下列句子中的宾语 1．I like to_get_up early. 2．They prefer going_with_me． 3．Give me_a_reason for doing_it． (四)表语(predicative) [感知] 1．Xi'an is a popular tourist city for people all over the world.(名词短语) 2．I am ten.(数词) 3．He became rich and successful.(形容词) 4．They are at home now.(介词短语) 5．My goal is to go to a key university.(动词不定式) [归纳] 表语用以说明主语是什么或怎么样，解释主语的状况、性质、特征等，一般位于系动词之后，构成“主系表”结构，通常由名词(短语)、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、动词­ing形式、从句来充当。 [即练] 　用下划线画出下列句子中的表语 1．I am fine． 2．He is a_boy． 3．Five plus two is seven． 4．We are here． 5．My hobby is reading． 6．Our duty is to_make_our_environment_better． (五)宾语补足语(object complement) [感知] 1．I find Beijing roast duck delicious.(形容词) 2．I saw the kite up and down.(副词短语) 3．I saw your daughter in black.(介词短语) [归纳] 有些及物动词带了宾语后意义仍不完整，还需要宾语补足语来补充说明宾语的意义、状态等。宾语补足语通常紧跟在宾语之后，一般由形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式(短语)、动词­ing形式、过去分词等充当。 [即练] 　用下划线画出下列句子中的宾语补足语 1．We called him Dongming． 2．We saw him playing_soccer． 3．We saw him play_soccer． 4．We found math difficult． (六)定语(attributive) [感知] 1．There are two boys in the room.(数词) 2．His son finds Tom's pen.(代词；名词所有格) 3．The boy in blue is Tom.(介词短语) 4．There are five boys left.(过去分词) [归纳] 定语是用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的，一般由形容词、名词、代词、名词所有格、数词、介词短语、动词不定式(短语)、分词、从句等充当。 [即练] 　用下划线画出下列句子中的定语 1．His name is Adam. 2．There is nothing to_do today. 3．Do you know anything new? 4．The crying boy wants the pen bought_by_his_mother． (七)状语(adverbial) [感知] 1．Word quickly spread on the small farms.(表示方式) 2．There are many kinds of living things in the sea.(表示地点) 3．He had walked for the whole night，hungry and tired.(表示伴随状态) 4．I want to do something to help him walk.(表示目的) 5．When she was 12 years old，she began to live in China.(表示时间) [归纳] 状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明方式、因果、条件、时间、地点、让步、方向、程度、目的、比较等。可用作状语的有形容词、副词、动词不定式(短语)、分词、介词短语、从句等。 [即练] 　用下划线画出下列句子中的状语 1．Tom runs fast． 2．I arrived in London at_six_this_morning． 3．I play soccer very_well． 4．The students are having classes in_the_classroom． 5．The boy needs a pen to_do_his_homework． 二、简单句的基本句型结构 英语中简单句只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)。简单句是由主语、谓语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语等组成的，依其组合方式可分为八种基本句型。 (一)主语＋谓语(SV) [感知] 1．The sun is rising. 2．The big day came. [归纳] “主语＋谓语”结构为基本句型，其谓语动词(短语)是不及物动词(短语)，其后不能直接加宾语，也没有被动语态。主谓结构常用来表示主语的动作或状态。常见的不及物动词(短语)有rise、 matter、 begin、come、go、happen、last、appear、work、come true、take place等。 [即练] 　翻译句子 1．我明白了。 I_understand/see. 2．李明笑了。 Li_Ming_laughed. 3．小男孩正在哭泣。 The_little_boy_is_crying. (二)主语＋谓语＋宾语(SVO) [感知] 1．I like this story book. 2．You should not give up studying. 3．He refused to help them. [归纳] 该结构中的谓语动词是及物动词或动词短语，一般有被动语态。 在“动词＋介词”的动词短语中，宾语只能接在介词之后；在“动词＋副词”的动词短语中，作宾语的名词放于副词前后皆可，作宾语的代词只能放在副词之前。如： Li Ming gave up smoking. Li Ming gave it up. [即练] 完成句子 1．我认识那个男孩。 I knew the_boy． 2．我想参观故宫博物院。 I want to_visit the Palace Museum. 3．我喜欢游泳。 I like swimming． 4．她把它捡了起来。 She picked it up. (三)主语＋系动词＋表语(SP) [感知] 1．It was a tiring job. 2．Your story sounds interesting. 3．His face turned red. 4．His advice is of great help. [归纳] 该结构中的谓语动词为系动词，无被动语态，也无进行时态。 常见的系动词 ①表示状态：be ②表示感官：look、sound、smell、taste、feel ③表示变化：become、grow、turn、fall、get、go ④表示持续、保持：keep、remain、stay ⑤表示似乎：seem、appear ⑥表示瞬间：come、fall [即练] 　单句填空/完成句子 1．The meeting is of great importance. 2．We felt hungry and tired(tire). 3．她成了一名老师。 She became_a_teacher． 4．爸爸的身体状况好些了。 Dad's physical condition turned better． (四)主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋直接宾语(SV IO DO) [感知] 1．Can you lend me that book? 2．He showed me how to run the machine. 3．I hope you can tell me the truth. ＝I hope you can tell the truth to me. 4．Her father bought her a bike. ＝Her father bought a bike for her. [归纳] 1．此句型中的谓语动词后接两个宾语：指人的宾语为间接宾语，多由代词或名词充当；指物的宾语为直接宾语，往往由名词充当。 2．通常间接宾语在前，直接宾语在后，也可把间接宾语置于直接宾语后，但间接宾语前需用相应的介词。 常见的能跟双宾语的及物动词 ①give、tell、teach、write、bring、lend、hand、show、offer、send、pay、pass等后的间接宾语可转换为带介词to的宾语。 ②buy、do、get、fetch、save、make、sing、allow等后的间接宾语可转换为带介词for的宾语。 ③ask、answer、take、cost等无法改变结构形式。 The car cost me 2，000 yuan for the repair. 这次修车花了我两千元。 [即练] 　单句填空/同义句改写/一句多译 1．He showed this picture to his father. 2．Henry gave us a good example. →Henry_gave_a_good_example_to_us. 3．请递给他一本书。 →Please_hand_him_a_book. →Please_hand_a_book_to_him. (五)主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语(SVOC) [感知] 1．They usually keep the door open. 2．I saw them getting on the bus. 3．He made the girl cry just now. 4．He asked me to come back soon. [归纳] 该结构中，宾语补足语是对宾语“做什么”“怎么样”等方面进行补充说明。 该结构中的动词常可分为三类： ①使役动词keep、make、let、have、leave、get等； ②感官动词(短语)see、watch、notice、observe、find、catch、look at、listen to、hear、feel、smell等； ③ask、tell、order、request、permit、persuade等。 [即练] 　单句填空/完成句子 1．Mike told me not to_go(go) now. 2．He went out in a hurry and had his keys left(leave) behind. 3．As he was running，Arthur heard the young man shouting(shout) behind. 4．他们把门漆成了绿色。 They painted the_door_green． (六)主语＋谓语＋状语(SVA) [感知] 1．He has been standing there for a long time. 2．His parents have worked in the company for ten years. 3．She turned around，smiling. [归纳] 此句型的谓语动词通常为不及物动词；副词、介词短语或分词等在句中作状语，修饰谓语动词或说明伴随动作。 [即练] 　单句填空/完成句子 1．The boy answered angrily(angry). 2．这场展览将持续一个星期。 The exhibition will_last_for_a_week． 3．他们努力工作到深夜。 They worked hard_until_late_into_the_night． (七)主语＋谓语＋宾语＋状语(SVOA) [感知] 1．The man raised his arms above his head. 2．The older woman placed a hand on Jasmine's shoulder with a firm look. 3．(2024·全国甲卷)One day，we had a family dinner. 4．She went to Shanghai to seek her fortune. [归纳] 此句型中的谓语动词通常为及物动词或动词短语；副词、介词短语或非谓语动词通常在句中作状语，修饰或说明谓语动词。 [即练] 　单句填空/完成句子 1．Grandpa looked at the box in/with surprise. 2．我将在校门口等你。 I_will_wait_for_you_at_the_school_gate. 3．这次经历之后，我深刻地理解了时间的重要性。 After this experience, I_deeply_understood_the_importance_of_time． (八)There be ... [感知] 1．There were two boys and a girl under the tree just now. 2．There goes the bell.Let's go into the lecture hall. 3．There seems to be a little dog under the desk. 4．There happened to be a man walking by. [归纳] there be 后面的名词或代词是句子的主语，此句型属于倒装结构。系动词除常用的be外，还有lie、stand、used to be、seem、appear等。 (1)there be表示“存在；有”。这里的there没有实际意义，不可与副词there(在/到那里)混淆。此结构后跟名词或代词，表示“存在/有某事物”。 (2)在此句型中，be的单复数与最近的名词的单复数保持一致，即“就近原则”。如： ①There are five books，two pens and a ruler in the school bag. ②There is a ruler，two pens and five books in the school bag. [即练] 单句填空/完成句子 1．To my shock，there seemed to_be(be) a small child stuck in the big hole on the road. 2．篮子里有一些苹果。 There_are some apples in the basket. 3．以前在花园里有一棵桃树，对吧？ There_used_to_be a peach tree in the garden，usedn't there? 判断下面短文中句子所属的结构类型 Everybody has his or her own hobbies (1.SVO).Hobbies make our life colorful(2.SVOC).Hobbies benefit us a lot(SVOA).My mother's favourite hobby is square dancing (3.SP).My father's favourite hobby is watching football games on TV (4.SP).My favorite is reading (5.SP).I have so much fun from reading(SVOA).My favorite fiction is Pride and Prejudice(6.SP).It teaches us the right attitude toward life(SV IO DO).Reading makes my life complete (7.SVOC).I will keep on reading all through my life (8.SVOA). 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$