UNIT 2 Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas（Word教参）-【优化指导】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第一册（外研版2019）

Section Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas [对应学生用书P26] Ⅰ.重点词汇 1.title n．题目，标题 2．sculpt v．雕刻，雕塑 3．homesick adj.想家的 4．opposing adj.(观点、意见等)相反的，相对立的 5．unique adj.独一无二的，独特的 6．alarm n．警报器；闹钟 Ⅱ.拓展词汇 1．behave v．举止得体；表现→behavior n．举止，行为 2．confuse v．使困惑→confusing adj.难以理解的，令人困惑的→confused adj.困惑的→confusion n．混乱，困惑 3．reflect v．显示，反映→reflection n．反映；映像；沉思，深思→reflective adj.沉思的，深思的 4．create v．创造→creativity n．创造性，创造力→creative adj.创造(性)的；有创造力的；创作的 5．visible adj.看得见的，可见的→invisible adj.看不见的 动词加后缀­ing构成形容词。 confuse→confusing　amaze→amazing excite→exciting surprise→surprising Ⅲ.短语互译 1．烧毁，烧尽 burn_up 2．烧毁 burn_down 3．给(机械)上发条；使(活动、会议等)结束 wind_up 4．既不……也不…… neither_...nor_... 5．have trouble (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难 6．in one's free time 在某人的空闲时间 7．take a photo 拍照 8．speaking of 谈起，提到 9．look out of 从……向外看 10．fill in a form 填表格 Ⅳ.重点句式 1．句型：have trouble (in) doing sth.做某事有困难/麻烦 教材原句：Have you ever asked yourself why people often have trouble learning English? 翻译：你曾问过自己为什么人们学习英语时经常遇到困难吗？ 2．句型：neither ...nor ...既不……也不…… 教材原句：Neither is there pine nor apple in pineapple. 翻译：Pineapple(菠萝)里既没有pine(松树)也没有apple(苹果)。 3．句型：That/This is why ...那/这就是……的原因。 教材原句：That is why when the stars are out，they are visible，but when the lights are out，they are invisible. 翻译：那就是为什么当星星out(出现)时，它们是可见的，但当灯out(熄灭)时，它们是不可见的。 [对应学生用书P27] Ⅰ.文本理解 ►主旨大意 The passage talks about some strange phenomena in English to show that English is interesting_and_creative． ►文章架构 ►细节探究 1．What makes English a crazy language to learn according to Paragraph 1？ (　　) A.There are too many English words to memorize. B．The English grammar is hard to understand. C.Some of the English expressions make learners confused. D．There is neither pine nor apple in pineapple. 2．Which of the following statements is true？ (　　) A.We usually get homesick when we leave home. B.There is no difference between housework and homework. C.Shameful behaviors are the opposite of shameless behaviors. D.Words with suffix “­ful” are the opposite of that with suffix “­less”． 3．What's the writer's attitude towards English？ (　　) A.It was invented by people so there is no principle to follow. B.It is the most creative language that reflects people's wisdom. C.It was invented by human race reflecting their creativity. D.It can be a confusing language. 4．What is the main idea of the text？ (　　) A．Why is English hard to learn? B．English—a language reflects the creativity of the human race. C．Confusion in English learning. D．The troubles we have in English learning. 答案：1～4　CACB ►课文语法填空 To show that English is interesting and 1.creative(create), the author uses many examples that show the crazy 2.madness (mad) of English. For example, in fact, there is no egg in eggplant at all and there is no ham in a hamburger.Also, there is neither pine 3.nor apple in pineapple.While we can sculpt a sculpture and paint a painting, we take 4.a photo.And both “in the car” and “on the train” are used at the same time，though the ways one is seated are similar.5.Struggling (struggle) among all these usages, one may feel puzzled about why we get carsick in a car but we don't get homesick when we get back home.What's more, it is not easy 6.to_understand (understand) why “hard” is the opposite of “soft”，while “hardly” and “softly” are not an 7.opposing (oppose) pair.More examples are offered to show how mad English can be. When the stars are out, they are visible, but when the lights are out, they are invisible.In addition, when one winds up his watch, it starts，but when he 8.is_wound(wind) up the passage, it ends. At last, the author comes to the conclusion that the reason 9.why English can be so mad is that it was invented by people, and it 10.reflects (reflect) the creativity of the human race. Ⅱ.教材熟词生义/一词多义 1．free ①For example, in our free time we can sculpt a sculpture and paint a painting, but we take a photo. 空闲的 ②The state provides free education. 免费的 ③You are free to do what you like today. 自由的 2．look out ①When we look out of the window and see rain or snow，we can say “it's raining” or “it's snowing”． 向外看 ②When crossing the street, look out for cars. 当心 3．word ①Even the smallest words can be confusing. 单词，词 ②I was surprised when her words came true. 说的话 ③Word came that we had won the final game. 消息 Ⅲ.教材续写积累 1．人物描写之心理描写——惊讶与困惑 ①Even the smallest words can be confusing. ②You also have to wonder at the unique madness of a language ... [仿写]完成句子 ①放学后，她提议去我家。我很困惑，但还是同意了。 After school, she advised going to my home.I was/felt_puzzled but agreed. ②你累了，我一点儿也不奇怪。(毕竟)你已经忙了一整天。 I don't_wonder you're tired.You've had a busy day. 2．环境描写——天气 ①When we look out of the window and see rain or snow, we can say “it's raining” or “it's snowing”． ②But when we see sunshine, we can't say “it's sunshining”． [仿写]完成句子 ①那天下午雨下得很大，街上几乎没有人。 It was_raining_hard that afternoon and there were few people in the street. ②他们把小鹿带到海滩上，找到了一个阳光充足的地方。 They took the deer to the beach and found a place that was full_of_sunshine． [对应学生用书P29] 1 opposing adj.(观点、意见等)相反的，相对立的 If “hard” is the opposite of “soft”，why are “hardly” and “softly” not an opposing pair? 如果“hard(坚硬的)”是“soft(柔软的)”的反义词，那为什么“hardly(几乎不)”和 “softly(轻柔地)”不是一对反义词呢？ [要点突破] [写作佳句] She was struggling to gain an opportunity to score.However, the opposing team scored again. 她在努力争取得分的机会。然而，对方球队又得分了。 [学以致用] 单句填空/完成句子 ①I'm happy to have this opportunity to give a speech about opposing(oppose) waste. ②The restaurant is just opposite(oppose) the City Center Plaza, so you won't miss it. ③During the discussion，many members were opposed (oppose) to my proposal，which upset me greatly. ④To my surprise, my best friend held the opposing(oppose) view. ⑤他起先反对这个主意，后来才同意了。 At first he was_opposed_to the idea，but later he agreed. 2 behavior n．举止，行为 If harmless actions are the opposite of harmful actions，why are shameless and shameful behaviors the same? 如果“harmless actions(无害行为)”与“harmful actions(有害行为)”意思相反，那为什么“shameless behaviors(无耻的行为)”和“shameful behaviors(可耻的行为)”是一样的意思呢？ [要点突破] ①mind one's behavior注意举止 ②behave vt.& vi.举止得体；表现 behave well/badly to/towards sb.对某人好/差 behave oneself 守规矩；表现得体 ③well­behaved adj.表现好的 badly­behaved adj.表现差的 [写作佳句] We should be broad­minded, which means that we should respect opinions and behaviors that are different from ours. 我们应该心胸开阔，这意味着我们应该尊重与我们不同的意见和行为。 [学以致用] 单句填空/完成句子 ①Behave yourself (you) in public，and you will win the respect of most of us. ②The group went to the library to collect some information about the monkeys' behavior(behave). ③他不仅学习努力，而且表现也很好。 He not only studies hard, but also behaves_well． ④我认为我们大家都应该注意在公共场合的行为举止。 I think all of us should mind_our_behavior in public places. 3 confusing adj.令人困惑的 Even the smallest words can be confusing. 即使是最短的单词也会令人困惑。 [要点突破] ①confuse vt.使困惑；混淆 confuse ... with ...把……与……混淆 ②confused adj.困惑的，糊涂的 be confused about/by ...对……感到困惑 ③confusion n．困惑；混淆 in confusion 困惑地；处于混乱状态 [写作佳句] I find it confusing when I try to use proper English words to express my ideas. 当我试图用恰当的英语单词来表达我的想法时，我感到很困惑。 From his confused look, I know he is confused about the confusing question. 从他疑惑的表情中，我知道他对这个难懂的问题感到困惑不解。 [学以致用] 单句填空/完成句子 ①As for me, I suffer from great confusion(confuse) when choosing my major. ②Actually, many freshmen are_confused(confuse) about high school life. ③It is very confusing(confuse) to learn a new language. ④I always confuse you with your sister—you look so alike. ⑤他困惑地看着我，不知道要说什么。 He looked at me in_confusion,_not knowing what to say. 4 burn up烧毁，烧尽；消耗 You also have to wonder at the unique madness of a language in which a house can burn up as it burns down ... 英语这门语言独有的疯狂令你不得不感到惊奇。在英语中，房子烧成灰烬的时候，可以说burn up，也可以说burn down…… [要点突破] burn down (被)烧毁；(火势)减弱 burn away (使)烧掉；烧光 burn out 燃尽；熄灭；筋疲力尽；把……烧成空架子；(因过热或使用过多)出故障 burn ...to the ground 把……烧成平地 [写作佳句] Aerobic exercise gets the heart pumping and helps you to burn up the fat. 有氧运动可以加速心脏跳动，有助于消耗脂肪。 [学以致用] 单句填空 ①The tower, which was completed just a month ago, was burned to the ground last night. ②The more exercise you take, the more fat you will burn up,_and you will be thinner. ③I turned on the switch, but the light had burnt out． ④When he saw the house burnt down entirely and the father and sons only stood there as silent watchers，he became very angry. 5 alarm n．警报器；闹钟；惊恐vt.使不安；使恐慌 ...and in which an alarm is only heard once it goes off! ……而且只有闹钟goes off(响起)以后你才会听到铃声！ [要点突破] ①raise/sound the alarm 发出警报；敲警钟 in alarm 惊恐地 ②be alarmed at/by ...对……感到担忧或恐慌 be alarmed to do sth.害怕做某事 ③alarming adj.令人担忧的；令人恐慌的 [写作佳句] ①Just at that time, a loud noise woke me up.It was my alarm clock. 就在那时，一声巨响把我吵醒了。那是我的闹钟。 ②The big day came at last.The alarm rang at 6 a.m. 这个重大的日子终于来了。闹钟在早上6点响了。 [学以致用] 单句填空/完成句子 ①However, no one on the beach dared to save the boy as the waves were so alarming(alarm). ②She was about to have dinner when she heard a noise, which alarmed(alarm) her. ③The alarmed(alarm) father, gathering a few of his neighbors, hurried to search for the lost child. ④他惊恐地发现自己在树林里迷了路。 He was_alarmed_to_find that he got lost in the wood. 6 reflect v．显示，反映；映出；反射；沉思 English was invented by people, not computers，and it reflects the creativity of the human race. 英语是人类发明的，而不是计算机发明的。它反映了人类的创造力。 [要点突破] ①reflect on/upon 仔细考虑；反思，反省 ②reflection n．倒影；反映，反射；深思 on/upon reflection 经再三考虑，审慎思考 [写作佳句] As the small boat moved gently along the river，he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water. 当小船缓缓地沿着河流前行时，群山静静地倒映在水中，他一时说不出话来。 The light was reflected from the water into my eyes.White clouds were reflected in the lake.Sitting by the lake, I was reflecting on what my mom said.On reflection，I decided to accept her suggestion. 光从水中反射进我的眼睛，白云映照在湖中。我坐在湖边，认真思考妈妈的话。再三考虑后，我决定接受她的建议。 [学以致用] 单句填空/完成句子 ①When faced with failure, we should reflect on ourselves. ②Chinese calligraphy is an important part of Chinese culture，reflecting(reflect) Chinese people's wisdom. ③The cat felt curious when she saw her own reflection(reflect) in the mirror. ④此外，花点时间反思我们的日常学习活动也是明智的。 In addition, it's wise of us to spend_some_time_reflecting_on our everyday learning activities. 7 creativity n．创造性，创造力 English was invented by people, not computers，and it reflects the creativity of the human race. 英语是人类发明的，而不是计算机发明的。它反映了人类的创造力。 [要点突破] [写作佳句] I am amazed at my schoolmates' creativity as well as the rapid development in science and technology. 我对同学们的创造力和科学技术的快速发展感到惊讶。 create/invent/discover 词汇 意义 create 有目的地把原材料制成新产品，也指创造出原来不存在的或与众不同的事物 invent 通过想象、研究、劳动而创造出前所未有的东西，尤指科技上的发明创造 discover 发现了原来存在但之前未被人发现或认知的事物 [学以致用] 用create的正确形式填空 ①We also welcome students to put forward more creative methods to make this activity more interesting. ②I was surprised at the students' creativity and teamwork spirits. ③Do you know who is the creator of the electric bulb? ④We received a number of great poems created by students in our school. 8 wind up给(机械)上发条；使(活动、会议等)结束 And that is why when I wind up my watch, it starts, but when I wind up this passage, it ends. 那就是为什么当我wind up (给……上紧发条)我的手表以后表针开始走动，但当我wind up (使结束)本文后这篇文章却结束了。 [要点突破] wind one's way 蜿蜒前进 wind down 放松一下 wind up (doing) ...以(做)……告终；最终落得…… [写作佳句] I'd like to wind up our interview by wishing you good luck. 我想以祝你好运来结束我们的面试。 [学以致用] 完成句子 ①我们现在该结束了，只剩5分钟的时间了。 We need to wind_up now.We only have five minutes left. ②我做这份工作只是为了让我的顾客高兴。 I wound_up_doing the job just to keep my customers happy. ③长城从西向东蜿蜒而行，穿过山谷，越过山脉，穿过沙漠，直到最后到达大海。 The Great Wall winds_its_way from west to east，through valleys，over mountains，across deserts until at last it reaches the sea. 1 have trouble (in) doing sth.做某事有困难/麻烦 Have you ever asked yourself why people often have trouble learning English? 你曾问过自己为什么人们学习英语时经常遇到困难吗？ [情境探究] ①On knowing you're having difficulty (in) learning maths and physics, I felt very sorry for you. 得知你在学习数学和物理方面有困难，我为你感到难过。 ②Whenever we have trouble with our studies, our teachers help us patiently. 每当我们在学习上遇到困难，老师总是耐心地帮助我们。 ③I hope you can experience unique local cultures and have a good time in Guilin. 我希望你能体验到独特的地方文化，并在桂林玩得愉快。 [要点突破] have trouble/difficulty with sth./(in) doing sth. 做某事有困难 have a problem/problems with sth./(in) doing sth. 在某方面/做某事有问题 have a good/hard time with sth./(in) doing sth. 在(做)某事上有快乐/艰难时光 [学以致用] 完成句子 ①听说你有失眠的问题，我很难过。 I am sorry to hear that you have_a_problem_with insomnia. ②我很高兴收到你的来信，也很遗憾得知你在英语方面有困难。 I am glad to hear from you and sorry to learn that you_have_trouble/difficulty_with your English. ③我希望我的推荐能有所帮助。祝你学得愉快。 I hope my recommendation will be helpful.May you have_a_good_time learning it. 2 neither ...nor ...既不……也不…… Neither is there pine nor apple in pineapple. Pineapple(菠萝)里既没有pine(松树)也没有apple(苹果)。 [情境探究] ①(2022·全国甲卷)The disagreement was so sharp that neither he nor I knew how to settle it. 分歧如此尖锐，我和他都不知道如何解决。 ②Neither you nor he is to blame. 你和他都不该受责备。 ③Neither he nor you are to blame. 你和他都不该受责备。 ④Neither could theory do without practice, nor could practice do without theory. 理论没有实践不行， 实践没有理论也不行。 [要点突破] ①“neither ...nor ...”主要用于否定两者，其意为“既不……也不……”，用于连接两个相同的成分，如主语、宾语、状语等。 ②“neither ...nor ...”连接两个主语时，谓语动词的数通常与邻近的主语保持一致。 ③“neither ...nor ...”连接两个句子时，通常两个句子都用部分倒装形式。 [学以致用] 单句填空/完成句子 ①However, neither the doctors nor he has(have) ever given up. ②春天是最舒适的季节，既不太冷也不太热。 Spring is the most comfortable season, neither_too_cold_nor_too_hot． ③根据我的研究，你我两家餐厅所提供的都不是均衡饮食。 According to my research, neither_your_restaurant_nor_mine offers a balanced diet. 3 That/This is why ...那/这就是……的原因。 That is why when the stars are out，they are visible，but when the lights are out，they are invisible. 那就是为什么当星星out(出现)时，它们是可见的，但当灯out(熄灭)时，它们是不可见的。 [情境探究] ①The doctor told me to have a good rest and not to move at the moment.This is why I have to cancel my plan. 医生告诉我要好好休息，现在不要活动。这就是我不得不取消我的计划的原因。 ②It is because Professor Wang is coming to our school at that time. 因为那时王教授要来我们学校。 ③The reason why I like swimming is that I can get close to water, which gives me a sense of freedom. 我喜欢游泳的原因是我可以接近水，这给我一种自由的感觉。 [要点突破] ①It/This/That is why ... “这/那就是……的原因；这/那就是为什么……”， 后接结果 ②It/This/That is because ... “这/那是因为……”， 后接原因 ③The reason (why ...) is that ...“(……的)原因是……”，后接原因 [学以致用] 单句填空/同义句转换 ①The reason why we will go there is that we can help the children with their study. ②She loved the rushing sound of water.That was why she loved the lake too. ③Many children today face vision problems.This is because they don't get a good habit of reading or they overuse their eyes watching TV or playing computer games. ④The reason why he was given a warning was that he was late for school again. →He was given a warning.That_was_because he was late for school again. →He was late for school again. That_was_why he was given a warning. 单句填空/完成句子 ①(2024·北京卷)But other channels of creativity (create) stayed open: I went on writing poems and stories. ②(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)I thought my pronunciation was the problem，so I explained again more slowly，but he still looked confused (confuse). ③(2024·北京卷)When we slow down，we create space to reflect on our thoughts and emotions. ④每种文学作品都有其独特的结尾(ending)。 (2024·全国甲卷)Each type of literature has its_unique_ending． 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$