内容正文:
Unit 4 Natural Disasters单元核心知识(背诵版)
一、词性转换
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1. rescue n.&vt. 营救;救援→rescuer n. 营救人员;救援人员
2. survive vi. 生存;存活 vt. 幸存;艰难度过→survivor n. 幸存者;生还者→survival n. 幸存;生还
3. death n. 死;死亡→die vi. 死;死亡→dead adj. 死的;无生命的→dying adj. 垂死的;临终的
4. shock n. 震惊;令人震惊的事;休克 vt. (使)震惊→shocked adj. 震惊的→shocking adj. 令人震惊的
5. breathe vi.&vt. 呼吸→breath n.呼吸
6. revive vt.&vi. 复活;(使)苏醒→revival n. 振兴;复苏
7. suffer vt. 遭受;蒙受 vi. (因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦→suffering n. 痛苦;苦难→sufferer n. 受苦者
8. wisdom n. 智慧;才智→wise adj. 明智的;有智慧的→wisely adv. 明智地;有智慧地
9. sweep vt.&vi. 打扫;清扫→(过去式)swept→(过去分词)swept
10. strike vi.&vt. 侵袭;突击;击打 n. 罢工;罢课;袭击→(过去式)struck→(过去分词)struck/stricken
11. power n. 电力供应;能量;力量;控制力→powerful adj. 强大的;强有力的→powerless adj. 无力的;没有能力的;无权力的
12. erupt vi.&vt. (火山)爆发;(岩浆、烟等)喷出→eruption n. 爆发
13. calm adj. 镇静的;沉着的 vt. 使平静;使镇静→calmly adv. 镇静地;沉着地
14. deliver vt.&vi. 递送;传达 vt. 发表→delivery n. 递送;传达
15. effect n. 影响;结果;效果→effective adj. 有效的
16. length n. 长;长度→long adj. 长的→lengthen vt. 加长
二、核心单词
1.disaster n.灾难;灾害
2.slide vi.& vt.(使)滑行;滑动
3.flood n.洪水;大量 vi.淹没;大量涌入 vt.使灌满水;淹没
4.rescue n.& vt.营救;救援
5.damage vt.损害;破坏n.损坏;损失
6.destroy vt.摧毁;毁灭
7.shelter n.避难处;居所;庇护 vt.保护;掩蔽 vi.躲避(风雨或危险)
8.ruin n.& vt.破坏;毁坏
9.percent n.百分之…… adj.& adv.每一百中
10.trap vt.使落入险境;使陷入圈套 n.险境;陷阱
11.bury vt.埋葬;安葬
12.effort n.努力;艰难的尝试;尽力
13.context n.上下文;语境;背景
14.supply n.供应(量);补给;[pl.]补给品 vt.供应;供给
15.tap vi.& vt.轻叩;轻敲;轻拍 n.水龙头;轻叩;轻敲
16.pipe n.管子;管道
17.calm adj.镇静的;沉着的 vt.使平静;使镇静
18.aid n.援助;帮助;救援物资 vi.& vt.(formal)帮助;援助
19.crash vt.& vi.碰撞;撞击 n.撞车;碰撞
20.sweep vt.& vi.(swept,swept)打扫;清扫
21.wave n.海浪;波浪 vi.& vt.挥手;招手
22.strike vi.& vt.(struck,struck/stricken)侵袭;突击;击打 n.罢工;罢课;袭击
三、重点短语
1. in ruins 严重受损; 破败不堪
2. in shock 震惊; 吃惊
3. tens of thousands of 数以万计的
4. refer to 谈起; 说起; 提到; 指的是
5. at least 至少; 起码; 无论如何
6. in the open air 露天; 在户外
7. come to an end 结束
8. stand at sth. 站在……(达特定水平)
9. sweep away 消灭; 彻底消除
10. on hand 现有(尤指帮助)
四、核心语法
关系代词引导的定语从句:
关系代词引导的定语从句是英语中修饰名词或代词的核心结构,通过 who, whom, whose, which, that 等词连接主句和从句,使表达更精准。
一、关系代词的分类与功能
关系代词
指代对象
在从句中作用
例句(划线部分为定语从句)
who
人
主语或宾语
The woman who teaches us is from Canada.
whom
人
宾语(正式用语)
The boy whom you met is my cousin.
whose
人或物
表示所属关系(=of whom/which)
This is the artist whose paintings are famous.
which
物或动物
主语或宾语
The book which I borrowed is on the desk.
that
人或物
主语或宾语(可替代who/which)
The movie that we watched was exciting.
二、核心使用规则
1. 关系代词在从句中必须充当成分
充当主语:
The dog that barks loudly belongs to my neighbor.
(that 指代 dog,在从句中作主语)
充当宾语:
The song (which) I like best is playing now.
(which 指代 song,在从句中作宾语,可省略)
2. 何时用 that?何时用 who/which?
场景
用 that
用 who/which
先行词含最高级
✅ This is the best film that I've seen.
❌ which
先行词含序数词
✅ He is the first student that finished.
❌ who
先行词是 all, everything, nothing 等
✅ All that glitters is not gold.
❌ which
非限制性定语从句
❌ (禁用that)
✅ My car, which is blue, is old.
先行词同时含人和物
✅ They talked about the people and places that inspired them.
❌ who/which
3. 关系代词的省略
当关系代词在从句中作宾语时,可省略(非正式语体更常见):
The dress (that) she bought is expensive.
The doctor (who/whom) we trust retired.
三、介词 + 关系代词结构
当从句中动词或形容词需搭配介词时,介词可提前至关系代词前(此时 不可用 that):
1. 介词 + which(指物):
This is the house in which I grew up.
= This is the house which I grew up in.
2. 介词 + whom(指人):
The colleague with whom I work is diligent.
= The colleague whom I work with is diligent.
固定短语中的介词(如 look after, take care of)不可拆开:
The child (who/that) she looks after is happy.
(❌ 不可说 after whom she looks)
四、特殊难点突破
1. whose vs of which
whose 可指人或物:
→ The scientist whose discovery changed history.
→ A river whose water is polluted.
of which 仅指物(较正式):
→ A river the water of which is polluted.
2. 非限制性定语从句(用逗号隔开)
用 who, whom, which, whose(禁用 that),提供附加信息:
My brother, who lives in Paris, is a designer.
The Eiffel Tower, which was built in 1889, attracts millions.
3. the way 后的关系代词
可用 that/in which 或省略:
I don’t like the way (that/in which) he speaks.
五、易错点辨析
错误句子
正确形式
错误原因
❌ The man which helped me.
✅ The man who/that helped me.
which 不能指人
❌ Everything what he said.
✅ Everything (that) he said.
what 不能引导定语从句
❌ The book who I read.
✅ The book (that/which) I read.
who 不能指物
六、高级用法扩展
1. "those who + 从句"(泛指一类人)
Those who work hard will succeed.(= People who...)
2. "such...as" / "the same...as"
It’s not such a simple problem as you think.
3. 关系代词 as 的用法(指代整个主句)
He was late again, as was expected.(正如所料)
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Unit 4 Natural Disasters单元核心知识(默写版)
一、词性转换
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1. n.&vt. 营救;救援→ n. 营救人员;救援人员
2. vi. 生存;存活 vt. 幸存;艰难度过→ n. 幸存者;生还者→ n. 幸存;生还
3. n. 死;死亡→ vi. 死;死亡→ adj. 死的;无生命的→ adj. 垂死的;临终的
4. n. 震惊;令人震惊的事;休克 vt. (使)震惊→ adj. 震惊的→ adj. 令人震惊的
5. vi.&vt. 呼吸→ n.呼吸
6. vt.&vi. 复活;(使)苏醒→ n. 振兴;复苏
7. vt. 遭受;蒙受 vi. (因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦→ n. 痛苦;苦难→ n. 受苦者
8. n. 智慧;才智→ adj. 明智的;有智慧的→ adv. 明智地;有智慧地
9. vt.&vi. 打扫;清扫→(过去式) →(过去分词)
10. vi.&vt. 侵袭;突击;击打 n. 罢工;罢课;袭击→(过去式) →(过去分词)
11. n. 电力供应;能量;力量;控制力→ adj. 强大的;强有力的→ adj. 无力的;没有能力的;无权力的
12. vi.&vt. (火山)爆发;(岩浆、烟等)喷出→ n. 爆发
13. adj. 镇静的;沉着的 vt. 使平静;使镇静→ adv. 镇静地;沉着地
14. vt.&vi. 递送;传达 vt. 发表→ n. 递送;传达
15. n. 影响;结果;效果→ adj. 有效的
16. n. 长;长度→ adj. 长的→ vt. 加长
二、核心单词
1. n.灾难;灾害
2. vi.& vt.(使)滑行;滑动
3. n.洪水;大量 vi.淹没;大量涌入 vt.使灌满水;淹没
4. n.& vt.营救;救援
5. vt.损害;破坏n.损坏;损失
6. vt.摧毁;毁灭
7. n.避难处;居所;庇护 vt.保护;掩蔽 vi.躲避(风雨或危险)
8. n.& vt.破坏;毁坏
9. n.百分之…… adj.& adv.每一百中
10. vt.使落入险境;使陷入圈套 n.险境;陷阱
11. vt.埋葬;安葬
12. n.努力;艰难的尝试;尽力
13. n.上下文;语境;背景
14. n.供应(量);补给;[pl.]补给品 vt.供应;供给
15. vi.& vt.轻叩;轻敲;轻拍 n.水龙头;轻叩;轻敲
16. n.管子;管道
17. adj.镇静的;沉着的 vt.使平静;使镇静
18. n.援助;帮助;救援物资 vi.& vt.(formal)帮助;援助
19. vt.& vi.碰撞;撞击 n.撞车;碰撞
20. vt.& vi.打扫;清扫
21. n.海浪;波浪 vi.& vt.挥手;招手
22. vi.& vt.(struck,struck/stricken)侵袭;突击;击打 n.罢工;罢课;袭击
三、重点短语
1. 严重受损; 破败不堪
2. 震惊; 吃惊
3. 数以万计的
4. 谈起; 说起; 提到; 指的是
5. 至少; 起码; 无论如何
6. 露天; 在户外
7. 结束
8. 站在……(达特定水平)
9. 消灭; 彻底消除
10. 现有(尤指帮助)
四、核心语法
关系代词引导的定语从句:
关系代词引导的定语从句是英语中修饰名词或代词的核心结构,通过 who, whom, whose, which, that 等词连接主句和从句,使表达更精准。
一、关系代词的分类与功能
关系代词
指代对象
在从句中作用
例句(划线部分为定语从句)
who
人
主语或宾语
The woman who teaches us is from Canada.
whom
人
宾语(正式用语)
The boy whom you met is my cousin.
whose
人或物
表示所属关系(=of whom/which)
This is the artist whose paintings are famous.
which
物或动物
主语或宾语
The book which I borrowed is on the desk.
that
人或物
主语或宾语(可替代who/which)
The movie that we watched was exciting.
二、核心使用规则
1. 关系代词在从句中必须充当成分
充当主语:
The dog that barks loudly belongs to my neighbor.
(that 指代 dog,在从句中作主语)
充当宾语:
The song (which) I like best is playing now.
(which 指代 song,在从句中作宾语,可省略)
2. 何时用 that?何时用 who/which?
场景
用 that
用 who/which
先行词含最高级
✅ This is the best film that I've seen.
❌ which
先行词含序数词
✅ He is the first student that finished.
❌ who
先行词是 all, everything, nothing 等
✅ All that glitters is not gold.
❌ which
非限制性定语从句
❌ (禁用that)
✅ My car, which is blue, is old.
先行词同时含人和物
✅ They talked about the people and places that inspired them.
❌ who/which
3. 关系代词的省略
当关系代词在从句中作宾语时,可省略(非正式语体更常见):
The dress (that) she bought is expensive.
The doctor (who/whom) we trust retired.
三、介词 + 关系代词结构
当从句中动词或形容词需搭配介词时,介词可提前至关系代词前(此时 不可用 that):
1. 介词 + which(指物):
This is the house in which I grew up.
= This is the house which I grew up in.
2. 介词 + whom(指人):
The colleague with whom I work is diligent.
= The colleague whom I work with is diligent.
固定短语中的介词(如 look after, take care of)不可拆开:
The child (who/that) she looks after is happy.
(❌ 不可说 after whom she looks)
四、特殊难点突破
1. whose vs of which
whose 可指人或物:
→ The scientist whose discovery changed history.
→ A river whose water is polluted.
of which 仅指物(较正式):
→ A river the water of which is polluted.
2. 非限制性定语从句(用逗号隔开)
用 who, whom, which, whose(禁用 that),提供附加信息:
My brother, who lives in Paris, is a designer.
The Eiffel Tower, which was built in 1889, attracts millions.
3. the way 后的关系代词
可用 that/in which 或省略:
I don’t like the way (that/in which) he speaks.
五、易错点辨析
错误句子
正确形式
错误原因
❌ The man which helped me.
✅ The man who/that helped me.
which 不能指人
❌ Everything what he said.
✅ Everything (that) he said.
what 不能引导定语从句
❌ The book who I read.
✅ The book (that/which) I read.
who 不能指物
六、高级用法扩展
1. "those who + 从句"(泛指一类人)
Those who work hard will succeed.(= People who...)
2. "such...as" / "the same...as"
It’s not such a simple problem as you think.
3. 关系代词 as 的用法(指代整个主句)
He was late again, as was expected.(正如所料)
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